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Elasticity
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a measure of how much buyers and sellers respond to changes in market conditions.
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Elasticity
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helps us study not only direction of the effects but also the magnitudes where there is an event that would affect the demand and supply conditions in the market or some policy change
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price elasticity of demand
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it measures how much the quantity demanded would respond to a change in the price
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price elasticity of demand
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this would show how much the consumers are willing to move away from the good as its price rises
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elastic
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quantity demanded responds substantially to changes in price
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Inelastic
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quantity demanded responds only slightly to changes in price
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Determinants of Price Elasticity of Demand
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availability of close substitutes, necessities vs luxuries, definition of the market, time horizon
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availability of close substitutes
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the more substitutes a good has, the more elastic its demand and the higher response to change in price - the less substitutes, the more inelastic and a lower response to change in price
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Necessities vs. Luxuries
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necessities: inelastic
luxuries: elastic
luxuries: elastic
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Definition of the Market
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In a narrowly defined market, consumers have more substitutes available
The more narrowly we define a market, the more elastic demand will be
The more narrowly we define a market, the more elastic demand will be
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Time Horizon
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-the longer the time horizon, the more elastic the demand is
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price elasticty of demand
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the percentage change in quantity demanded relative to a percentage change in price
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price elasticities
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given in absolute values
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total revenue
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does NOT equal profit
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profit
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total revenue minus total cost
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total revenue
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Price x Quantity
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total revenue
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the amount paid by buyers and received by sellers
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price elasticity of demand
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change in total revenue with respect to a change in price would depend on?
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constant ; elasticity
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the slope of a linear demand curve is ? but not the ?
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unit elastic
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=1
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Revenue Function
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the functional relationship that shows the total revenue (p x q) received by a producer as a function of the level of output
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average revenue function
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The functional relationship that shows the revenue per unit of output received by the producer at different levels of output
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marginal revenue function
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The functional relationship that shows the additional revenue a producer receives by selling an additional unit of output at different levels of output
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income elasticity of demand
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it measures how the quantity demanded changes as consumer income changes
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income elasticity of demand
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% change in quantity demanded / % change in income
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cross-price elasticity of demand
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it measures how the quantity demanded of one good changes as the price of another good changes
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cross-price elasticity of demand
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% change in quantity demanded of good 1 / % change in price of good 2