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Nonexcludable
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A good that people who don't pay for it cannot be easily prevented from using it
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Nonrival
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A good that one person's use of does not reduce the ability of another person to use the same good
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Private goods
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Goods that are both excludable and rival
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Public goods
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Goods that are nonexcludable and nonrival
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Free rider
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An individual who enjoys the benefits of a public good without paying a share of the costs
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Forced rider
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Someone who pays a share of the costs of a public good but who does not enjoy the benefits
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Club goods
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Goods that are excludable but nonrival
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Common resources
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Goods that are nonexcludable but rival
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Tragedy of the commons
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The tendency of any resource that is unowned and hence nonexcludable to be overused and under maintained