question
What antibiotic is commonly used as an antibiotic therapy for bacterial tick-borne diseases?
answer
Doxycycline
question
Which of the following culture medium is mismatched with the given organism?
nutrient agar: S. aureus
chocolate agar: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
blood agar: Chlamydia trachomatis
blood agar: S.pyogenes
nutrient agar: S. aureus
chocolate agar: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
blood agar: Chlamydia trachomatis
blood agar: S.pyogenes
answer
Blood agar: Chlamydia trachomatis (because it needs a host)
question
Chlamydial gonococcal infections are associated with inflammatory disease. True or False?
answer
True
question
------ host is essential to the existence of Lyme disease because this is where Ixodes matures and mates.
answer
Deer
question
Infections results in the formation of a characteristic expanding lesion called erythema migrans?
answer
Borrelia burgdorferi
question
Gummas are consistent with which stage of syphilis?
answer
Tertiary
question
BCG is a (an)
answer
vaccine for tuberculosis
question
Which stage of syphilis is asymptomatic for years
answer
Latent
question
Tuberculin skin test positive means:
a person has been vaccinated
a person has active TB
a person had TB before
all of the above
a person has been vaccinated
a person has active TB
a person had TB before
all of the above
answer
all of the above
question
Infection by which of the following results in the formation of Ghon complexes?
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Bordetella pertussis
Legionella pneumophila
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Bordetella pertussis
Legionella pneumophila
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
answer
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
question
What has contributed to the continued spread of TB globally?
HIV/AIDS pandemic
drug-resistant TB
weakened public health system
missed cases of TB
all of the above
HIV/AIDS pandemic
drug-resistant TB
weakened public health system
missed cases of TB
all of the above
answer
all of the above
question
Approximately how many people are infected with M.tuberculosis worldwide?
answer
2 billion
question
how many cases of TB were in the U.S 2020?
answer
7,174
question
Approximately, how many people in the U.S have latent TB infection?
answer
13 million
question
which of the following is not associated with atypical pneumonia?
Legionella pneumophila
S. pneumoniae
Coxiella burnetii
Mycoplasma pneumonia
Legionella pneumophila
S. pneumoniae
Coxiella burnetii
Mycoplasma pneumonia
answer
S. pneumonia
question
Helicobacter pylori can grow in the stomach because:
hides in macrophages
makes a capsule
possesses an enzyme that neutralizes HCl
makes HCl
invade epithelial cells
hides in macrophages
makes a capsule
possesses an enzyme that neutralizes HCl
makes HCl
invade epithelial cells
answer
possesses an enzyme neutralizes HCl
question
which of the following cannot be considered as carcinogen?
tobacco
alcohol
virus
Helicobacter
all of these can be carcinogens
tobacco
alcohol
virus
Helicobacter
all of these can be carcinogens
answer
all of the above
question
The symptoms of tetanus are caused by a(n)
answer
neurotoxin
question
which of the following would be a symptom of botulism?
disfiguring nodules on the skin
lockjaw
flaccid paralysis
sepsis
disfiguring nodules on the skin
lockjaw
flaccid paralysis
sepsis
answer
flaccid paralysis
question
which is the most likely manner in which Legionella pneumophila is transmitted?
by direct contact with an infected human
from bird droppings
by direct contact with farm animals
from contaminated water supplies as aerosolized mist
from contaminated nebulizers in hospital settings
by direct contact with an infected human
from bird droppings
by direct contact with farm animals
from contaminated water supplies as aerosolized mist
from contaminated nebulizers in hospital settings
answer
From contaminated water supplies as aerosolized mist.
question
Antibiotic-associated colitis is caused by
answer
Clostridium difficile
question
----- bacteria are one of the most common causes of foodborne illness (food poisoning). CDC estimates these bacteria cause nearly 1 million illnesses in the U.S every year.
answer
Clostridium perfringens
question
what food should you avoid feeding a child under 1 year old because of potential botulism?
answer
honey
question
The DTaP vaccine protects against:
answer
Diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis
question
which organism can often be transmitted by the bite of and causes sepsis?
answer
Pasteurella multocida
question
The causative agent cat-scratch disease is
answer
Bartonella henselae
question
Which is the most likely manner in which Legionella pneumophila is transmitted?
answer
by inhalation of aerosolized contaminated water
question
which of the following can be transmitted from an infected mother to her fetus across the placenta?
answer
Treponema pallidum
question
which of the following is FALSE regarding Mycobacterium tuberculosis?
multi-drug resistant strains have emerged
it is an obligate anaerobic rod
it produces mycolic acid, which protects the bacterium from host defenses
it causes tubercles to form that on calcification form Ghon complexes.
multi-drug resistant strains have emerged
it is an obligate anaerobic rod
it produces mycolic acid, which protects the bacterium from host defenses
it causes tubercles to form that on calcification form Ghon complexes.
answer
it is an obligate anaerobic rod
question
which of the following organisms can successfully replicate in human macrophages?
Legionella pneumophila
Mycobacterium
both of them
Legionella pneumophila
Mycobacterium
both of them
answer
both of them
question
Define Ghon's complex
answer
a lesion seen in the lung that is caused by tuberculosis. The lesions consist of a calcified focus of infection and an associated lymph node
question
what is the goal of H.pylori therapy?
answer
is to eliminate the organism from the stomach, and successful eradication is defined as a negative test for the bacterium 4 or more weeks after completion of therapy.
question
Under the Mycobacterium genus are several related species including
answer
M.leprae = Leprosy
M.bovis = TB
M.avium-intracellulare =TB-like or disseminated disease in AIDS
many mycobacteria are harmless soil organisms.
M.bovis = TB
M.avium-intracellulare =TB-like or disseminated disease in AIDS
many mycobacteria are harmless soil organisms.
question
The genome of B.burgdorferi is remarkably complex, consisting of a small linear chromosome and about 22 linear and circular plasmids, depending on the particular strain.
answer
...
question
Select the INcorrect statement about Mycobacterium?
The organism surrounds itself with unique acidic waxes, long-chained branched hydrocarbons.
They grow extremely slowly, with a generation time of 13 hrs minimum.
They produce endospores so they are resistant to chemicals and dryness.
Neither gram-positive nor gram-negative.
The organism surrounds itself with unique acidic waxes, long-chained branched hydrocarbons.
They grow extremely slowly, with a generation time of 13 hrs minimum.
They produce endospores so they are resistant to chemicals and dryness.
Neither gram-positive nor gram-negative.
answer
they produce endospores so they are resistant to chemicals and dryness.
question
How is TB transmitted?
answer
person to person through the air
question
which of the following pairs is mismatched?
Pseudomonas - gram negative rod
Mycoplasma - gram negative cocci
Clostridium - gram positive rod
Helicobacter - gram negative rod
Pseudomonas - gram negative rod
Mycoplasma - gram negative cocci
Clostridium - gram positive rod
Helicobacter - gram negative rod
answer
Mycoplasma - gram negative cocci
question
A diagnosis of Helicobacter is confirmed by the invasive tests. Which of the following tests is not an invasive test?
histology
urease test
microbial culture
stool antigen test
histology
urease test
microbial culture
stool antigen test
answer
stool antigen test
question
Causes a disease characterized by 3 stages of the following:
primary = the organism localized to a chancre or skin lesion
second = the organism disseminates to distant sites
tertiary = the immune response to the organism leads to destruction of the tissues.
primary = the organism localized to a chancre or skin lesion
second = the organism disseminates to distant sites
tertiary = the immune response to the organism leads to destruction of the tissues.
answer
Treponema pallidum
question
Infection results in the formation of a characteristic expanding lesion called erythema migrans
answer
Borrelia burgdorferi
question
This organism produces 8 (A, B, Ca, Cb, D, E, F, G) immunologically-distinct neurotoxins. Human cases mostly with types A and B and occasionally type E, which occurs in fish products. One microgram is sufficient to kill a large family and 0.4 kg is enough to kill everyone on the Earth
answer
Clostridium difficile
question
which of the following pairs is mismatched?
Legionella - monotrichous flagella
Helicobacter - lophotrichous flagella
Borrelia - peritrichous flagella
Pseudomonas - polar flagella
Legionella - monotrichous flagella
Helicobacter - lophotrichous flagella
Borrelia - peritrichous flagella
Pseudomonas - polar flagella
answer
Borrelia - peritrichous
question
Which of the following is readily treated with penicillin?
answer
Tuberculosis
question
which of the following is NOT caused by a bacterium?
Poliomyelitis
Typhus
Relapsing fever
Q fever
Poliomyelitis
Typhus
Relapsing fever
Q fever
answer
Poliomyelitis
question
Pseudomembranous = Clostridium difficile
Leprosy = Mycobacterium leprae
Relapsing = Borrelia recurrensis
Gas gangrene = Clostridium perfringens
Syphilis = Treponema pallidum
Lyme disease = Borrelia burgdorferi
Atypical pneumonia = Mycoplasma pneumonia
Leprosy = Mycobacterium leprae
Relapsing = Borrelia recurrensis
Gas gangrene = Clostridium perfringens
Syphilis = Treponema pallidum
Lyme disease = Borrelia burgdorferi
Atypical pneumonia = Mycoplasma pneumonia
answer
...
question
Ingestion of aspirin or other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs) can lead to duodenal ulceration. T or F?
answer
True
question
Legionnaires disease is commonly caused by bacteria in showerheads and air-conditioning units. T or F?
answer
True
question
Nearly all persons coinfected with HIV and M.tuberculosis will eventually develop active tuberculosis unless the HIV or the tuberculous infection is effectively treated. T or F?
answer
True
question
A proton pump inhibitor (PPI) lowers the gastric pH by blocking the enzyme in the wall of the stomach that produces acid. T or F?
answer
False
question
Tuberculosis is an ancient disease that has plagued humans for thousands of years. T or F?
answer
True
question
Botulism and tetanus toxins are cytotoxins. T or F?
answer
False because they're all neurotoxins
question
The purpose of Fecal Microbiota Transplant (FMT) is to replace good bacteria that has been killed or suppressed, usually the use of antibiotics, causing bad bacteria to over-populate the colon. T or F?
answer
True
question
The genome of Borrelia burgdorferi is remarkably complex, consisting of a small linear chromosome and about 22 and circular plasmids, depending on the particular strain. T or F?
answer
True
question
Doxycycline is in the Beta-lactam antibiotic class and is frequently used to treat Lyme disease. Tor F?
answer
False because penicillin belongs to the Beta-lactam class.
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