metaparadigms

concepts --> conceptual framework --> theory --> practice and application

your own perception, a subjective experience
includes both physical and mental components

your own experience based off the signs and symptoms you are felling
example: feeling sick because of a cold

objective state of health based of factual diagnosis and pathology of medical science

the extent to which an individual is able to satisfy needs and cope with the environment. health is seen as a resource for everyday living, not the objective if living
health is a dynamic process a person can be healthy while living with a chronic disease

the maintenance of physical, function, and social norms. views health as a state, as a process and homeostasis

the human potential.
people often use health and wellness interchangeably when using this concept

both concepts are incorporated in the definition of health
the actualization of human potential through goal directed behaviours, competent self care and satisfying relationships with others while also finding ways to adapt to meet and preform activities of daily living

capacities to fulfill roles, meet ones demands and engaged in activities of daily living

reflecting the whole person as process and is synonymous with self-transcendence

multidimensional concept of health
- positive (full of energy)
- comprehensive (having satisfying social relationships)
- multidimensional ( having feeling of control over ones life and living conditions)
- dynamic process (being able to do things you enjoy)
- individual ( having a sense of purpose)
- resource (feeling connected to the community)

emphasis on treating disease and medical interventions
western way of thinking
after WW2 this approach was thought to believe that it would solve most health problems and that accessible health care would improve Canadians health

1970's the minister of health concluded that the medical approach was not sufficient
he determined that individuals are responsible for their health and that further improvements in the environment and reductions in self imposed risks and a better understanding of the human body

health promotion was brought in to place to help educate people on decreasing behavioural risk factors such as smoking, substance and lack of exercise, education on how harmful these activities can be would help people become more healthy

1980s report criticizing the Lalonde report as only well educated, well employed and higher incomes were able to make changes
focus of this approach was political, social, and culture. health-related behaviors can't be separated from the environment.
upstream thinking approach and evening the playing field (access to clean water, affordable housing, etc..)

First international conference on health promotion in 1986
identified prerequisites for health as
- peach, shelter, education, food, income, stable ecosystem, sustainable resources, social justice, and equity
strategies to promote health
- building healthy public policy, creating supportive environments, strengthening communities, developing personal skills, reorientating health services

places responsibility for health on society and not the individual

living and working conditions were critical determinants of health and acknowledges health disparities
3 major health challenges
- reducing inequities, increasing prevention and enchaining coping mechanisms
also identified that self care, mutual aid and promoting healthy environments as ways to address health challenges specific strategies include; fostering public participation, strengthening community health services and coordination of public policy

identification of the social determinants of health
- income and social status
- social support networks
- education
- employment and working conditions
- physical environment
- biology and genetic endowment
- personal health practices
- healthy child development
- health services
- gender
- culture
- social environments

lack of social support
limited social networks
low self esteem
self blame
and low received power

social and environmental living conditions that include poverty, low educational or occupational status, dangerous or stressful work, dangerous physical environments, pollution, discrimination, relative political or economic powerlessness, and inequalities of income or power

social and health policies resulted increased social and economic inequalities and health disparities
recognizes a societal responsibility for reducing health disparities

it impacts health from an individual, local, national and global perspective

political factors between countries or regions

scope of problems, not the location of them (limited health care access in rural areas, poverty in inner-city neighborhoods) are all global issues
need to collaborate between and high low-income countries to develop effective solutions for complex issues
population-based and prevention-based

- Interprofessional education
- Collaborative practice-ready workforce
- Global health competencies
- National and international organizations for global health

increase natural disasters, danger of greenhouse gas emission
nurses can education to help the population understand the dangers of climate change and to help maintain sustainability

chronic diseases; 4 main types
1. cardiovascular disease
2. chronic respiratory disease
3. cancer
4. diabetes
important to educate the burden of NCD to reduce premature death (death >70) since they are mostly preventable

affect about 1 billion primarily those who are living in poverty, have inadequate sanitization or who are in close contact with livestock
leprosy (Hansens disease), onchocerciasis (river blindness), dracunculiasis (guinea worm disease), dengue and chikugunya

Leading cause of death among 15-44 year olds
contibutes to life long illness and premature death especially in women and children who are at a greater risk fro HIV, chronic disease and severe mental health issues, crime and drug abuse

all genders to have equal treatment
discrimination related to education, health, political participation and employment experienced by women results in a negative developmental outcomes, reduce life opportunities and compromised freedom of choice

provides estimates of morbidity and mortality by cause, age, sex and country for the period of 1990 to the most recent year
the most common indicator of health status used is the disability-adjusted life year (DALY)
its the sum of years lost due to premature death and years loved with disability