question
What are the general characteristics of the Staphylococcus genus.
answer
GPC, CL and catalase (+),
question
What is the most virulent spp. of Staphylococcus?
answer
S. aureus
question
What bacteria can be resistant to penicillin?
answer
S. aureus (i.e. MRSA)
question
S. aureus can cause what?
answer
sepsis, scalded skin syndrome (neonates), and toxic shock syndrome
question
What organisms do not grown on MAC plates?
answer
gram positive
question
What media is used to test for Micrococcus and Staphylococcus?
answer
all routine media and Thioglycollate and brain-heart infusion
question
What selective media is used for S. aureus? how does the organism look on the plate?
answer
Mannitol salt agar - high concentration of salt (10%), sugar mannitol, and phenol red as the pH indicator.
S. aureus produces a yellow halo from mannitol fermentation
S. aureus produces a yellow halo from mannitol fermentation
question
What are the growth requirements for S. aureus?
answer
SBA/SCA- 35C in CO2 or ambient air for 24hr
Mannitol salt agar- at least 48-72 hr
Mannitol salt agar- at least 48-72 hr
question
What bacteria has translucent creamy yellow colonies and is beta hemolytic?
answer
S. aureus
question
What bacteria has a Butyrous and opaque appearance and is beta hemolytic?
answer
S. haemolyticus
question
What organism is novobiocin susceptible
answer
S. epidermidis
question
Staphylococcus is _____ resistant and ______ susceptible.
answer
Bacitracin; Furizolidone
question
Micrococcus is _____ resistant and _____ susceptible.
answer
Furizolidone; Bacitracin
question
What are the general characteristics of Streptococcus?
answer
GPC, P/C and catalase negative
question
What are beta hemolytic streptococci?
answer
Group A strep- S. pyogenes (strap throat)
Group B strep- S. agalacticae
Group C, F, G, strep
Group B strep- S. agalacticae
Group C, F, G, strep
question
What are the alpha hemolytic strep?
answer
S. pneumoniae and V. streptococci
question
What is the colony description of S. pneumoniae on SBA?
answer
green halo
question
How is S. pyogenes transmitted?
answer
person to person via direct contact, contaminated air droplets by cough or sneeze
question
What bacteria is normal flora of the female genital tract and lower GI tract?
answer
S. agalactiae
question
What bacteria is transmitted from mother to fetus in utero or during delivery?
answer
S. agalactiae
question
S. pneumoniae is colonized where?
answer
nasopharynx, throat, and respiratory tract
question
What bacterial infection is most likely to occur after a surgery to implant a pace maker?
answer
V. streptococci
question
What bacteria is colonized in soil, food, and water and is considered normal flora of animals, birds, and humans?
answer
Enterococcus spp
question
What bacteria is aerobic, GP, spore forming bacilli?
answer
Bacillus
question
What diseases can occur from a S. pyogenes infection?
answer
Acute pharyngitis, impetigo, erysipelas, and necrotizing fasciitis (flesh eating bacteria)
question
What organism is known the "baby killer"
answer
S. agalactiae - causes sepsis, fever, meningitis, RDS in adults
question
S. pneumoniae causes what diseases?
answer
meningitis, pneumonia, sinusitis, and otitis media (ear infection)
question
What bacteria is likely to cause in infection of sterile sites in immunocompromised patients?
answer
V. streptococci
question
What media is S. pneumoniae grown on?
answer
all routine media, CNA, PEA, Thio, and brian-heart infusion
question
SBA with trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole is used to isolate what bacteria?
answer
S. pyogenes from throat swabs
question
Todd -Hewitt broth is selective for _____ and is used to suppress______.
answer
S. agalactiae; the growth of vaginal flora
question
What bacteria is Bile esculin/Esculin (=), PYR (+), CAMP (=), Hippurate (=), and shows beta hemolysis?
answer
S. pyogenes
question
What bacteria is Bile esculin/Esculin (=), PYR (=), CAMP (+), Hippurate (+), and shows beta hemolysis?
answer
S. agalactiae
question
A _____ CAMPY test appears as an arrowhead at the junction of S. agalactiae and S. aureus. Which one is the control?
answer
positive; S. agalactiae
question
S. pneumoniae is optochin ______ while V. streptococci is optochin ____.
answer
susceptible; resistant
question
What bacteria is bile esculin (+), PYR (+), LAP (+), and grows at 45C in 6.5% NaCl?
answer
Enterococcus spp.
question
How is Bacillus anthracis transmitted?
answer
contact with infected animals and animal products
inhalation of spores
breaks in skin or mucosal membranes
ingestion
inhalation of spores
breaks in skin or mucosal membranes
ingestion
question
What Bacillus spp. has an antiphagocytic capsule and has the highest virulence?
answer
B. anthracis
question
What are the progressive stages of B. anthracis?
answer
-small erythematous formation
-ulceration
-formation of Black Scar called an Eschar
-may progress to toxemia and death
-ulceration
-formation of Black Scar called an Eschar
-may progress to toxemia and death
question
What spectrum of B. anthracis results in "wool sorter's disease"?
answer
Pulmonary anthrax
question
What media is used to isolate Bacillus spp from contaminated specimens?
answer
PEA
question
What is the colony formation of B. anthracis?
answer
irregular swirling "medusa heads"
question
What Bacillus spp is non-motile and penicillin susceptible?
answer
B. anthracis
question
What Bacillus spp is motile and penicillin resistant, and has the appearance of ground glass?
answer
B. cereus
question
What are the general characteristics of Listeria spp and corneybacterium spp?
answer
-non spore-forming GPB
-catalase (+)
-non acid-fast
-most do not branch
-catalase (+)
-non acid-fast
-most do not branch
question
What bacteria is most commonly transmitted though ingestion of contaminated food i.e. diary and meat?
answer
Listeria monocytogenes
question
How would you isolate Listeria spp from placental and other tissue?
answer
cold enrichment- store specimen in nutrient broth at 4C for several weeks to months
question
What are the spectrums of disease for C. diphtheria?
answer
respiratory(pulmonary) and cutaneous
question
Cornybacterium spp and Listeria spp (lipophilic) grow larger if grown on_____?
answer
SBA supplemented with 1% Tween 80
question
What media is special for C. diptheriae? What are the results for each?
answer
Cystine-tellurite blood agar: black or gray colonies
Modified Tinsdale agar: black with dark brown halos
Modified Tinsdale agar: black with dark brown halos
question
What bacteria shows umbrella motility after overnight incubation at RT in semi-solid agar tubes?
answer
Listeria monocytogenes
question
What bacteria shows growth by lipids on Tween 80 or serum?
answer
C. jeikeium and C. urealyticum
question
What bacteria is catalase (=), non spore-forming, GPB?
answer
Erysipelothrix and Lactobacillus
question
What bacteria is normal vaginal flora but may colonize in distal male urethra?
answer
Gardnerella vaginalis
question
What bacteria is normal flora of the human skin and pharynx?
answer
Arcanobacterium haemolyticum
question
What are the general characteristics of G. vaginalis?
answer
-small
-pleomorphic
-gram variable or gram neg
-coccobacilli and short bacilli
-pleomorphic
-gram variable or gram neg
-coccobacilli and short bacilli
question
What media is selective for G. vaginalis?
answer
HBT- human blood bilayer Tween agar
question
What bacteria has small colonies, variable, and may be surrounded with narrow zones of beta hemolysis?
answer
Acanobacterium spp
question
What bacteria is catalase (=). H2S (+) on TSI, vancomycin resistant, and alpha hemolytic after prolonged incubation?
answer
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
question
What bacteria shows clue cells on a wet mount, beta-hemolysis on HBT, oxidase (=), and catalase (=)?
answer
G. vaginalis
question
What are the partially acid-fast actinomycetes?
answer
Nocardia spp, Rhodococcus spp, Gordonia spp, Tsukamurella spp
question
What are the non-acid-fast aerobic actinomycetes?
answer
Streptomyces spp, Actinomadura spp, Dermatphilus spp, Nocardiopsis spp
question
What are the virulence factors of Nocardia asteroids?
answer
resistant to intracellular killing
tropism for neuronal tissue
ability to inhibit phagosome-lysosome fusion
production of catalase
hemolysins
tropism for neuronal tissue
ability to inhibit phagosome-lysosome fusion
production of catalase
hemolysins
question
What bacteria is gram positive showing branching or partially branching beaded filaments?
answer
aerobic actinomycetes
question
What are the growth requirements for aerobic actinomycetes?
answer
selective media incubated at 35C for 2 to 3 weeks
question
What differential testing is used for Aerobic actinomycetes?
answer
Gram stain, urea hydrolysis, nitrate reduction, and partial or modified acid fast
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