question
pleomorphic
answer
bacteria that can change shape
don't have definitive cell walls
don't have definitive cell walls
question
endospore formers
answer
Bacillus and Clostridium
low G+C
low G+C
question
snapping division
answer
outer walls snap/rupture and reform
often in gram pos cocci
often in gram pos cocci
question
spore reproduction
answer
reproduce by spores (separate clone cells)
not real fungus but confused with one because of spores (actinomyces)
not real fungus but confused with one because of spores (actinomyces)
question
Budding
answer
form of reproduction where a cell elongates and a bud full of DNA separates off
question
Cocci arrangements
answer
depend on which plane the cocci divides in
question
palisade bacilli
answer
rods arrange in a fence post like manner
question
Firmicutes
answer
phylum of gram-positive cell walls that are thick and strong
low G+C content
low G+C content
question
myces/myco
answer
means fungi
question
Low G+C
answer
less than 50%
useful in gram pos
useful in gram pos
question
clostridium
answer
rod shaped obligate anaerobe
low G+C
endospores and toxins (many strains)
low G+C
endospores and toxins (many strains)
question
C. tetani
answer
tetanus
question
C. perfringens
answer
gas gangrene
question
C. botulinum
answer
botulism (botox)
food poisoning
food poisoning
question
C. difficile
answer
diarrhea antibiotic resistant
question
Mycoplasma
answer
low G+C pleomorphic
no peptidoglycan (don't stain gram pos)
colonize mucous membranes (urethra and respiratory)
no peptidoglycan (don't stain gram pos)
colonize mucous membranes (urethra and respiratory)
question
Saprobes
answer
organisms that obtain food from decaying organic matter
question
pathogenic trifecta
answer
enterococcus, strep and staph
question
Bacilus
answer
common soil saprobe endospore formers
live in wide ranges of environments
live in wide ranges of environments
question
B. anthracis
answer
causes anthrax
cutaneous and inhaled (more deadly)
cutaneous and inhaled (more deadly)
question
Listeria monocytogenes
answer
facultative anaerobe that causes food poisoning
psycrophiles
eaten by phagocytosis
psycrophiles
eaten by phagocytosis
question
enterococcus
answer
normal GI bacteria (close relation to strep)
nosocomial UTI's
vancomycin resistant VRE
nosocomial UTI's
vancomycin resistant VRE
question
Streptococcus
answer
normal upper GI bacteria
pharyngitis, impetigo, pneumonia, necrotizing fasciitis, meningitis
Lancefield system
pharyngitis, impetigo, pneumonia, necrotizing fasciitis, meningitis
Lancefield system
question
Impetigo
answer
skin rash from strep
question
Strep pyogenes
answer
GABHS strep throat
rheumatic fever in blood stream
can damage heart valves
rheumatic fever in blood stream
can damage heart valves
question
nosocomial infection
answer
hospital acquired infection
question
Vancomycin
answer
potent anti-biotic from gram pos
given in hospital
given in hospital
question
Strep pneumoniae
answer
causes meningitis and blood infections
alpha hemolytic
alpha hemolytic
question
Strep viridans
answer
turns blood agar green and ear infections
question
Strep mutans
answer
bacteria in mouth causes tooth decay
question
Staphylococcus
answer
halophiles
MRSA is a problem
MRSA is a problem
question
Staph epidermidis
answer
normal flora of the skin
question
Staphylococcus aureus
answer
most pathogenic name means golden/yellow
protein A
toxin enzymes
protein A
toxin enzymes
question
Protein A
answer
What Staphylococcus aureus protein inhibits phagocytosis?
question
Sa enzymes
answer
coagulase, collagenase, hyaluronidase
question
SA toxins
answer
enterotoxin (food poisoning)
TSS
TSS
question
VRSA
answer
Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
question
MRSA
answer
methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus
question
low GC pneumonic
answer
eager leprechauns munched saucy sandwiches before Christ
question
high GC pneumonic
answer
Amy's cats met nasty pups
question
Actinobacteria
answer
major phylum of the high G+C gram positive bacteria
question
Actinomyces
answer
look like fungi but isn't (makes spores)
long filament branches
A. israelii=tissue damaging strain
long filament branches
A. israelii=tissue damaging strain
question
Corynebacterium
answer
pleomorphic ob aerobe/fac anaerobe
Tdap vaccine
pseudo membranes
Tdap vaccine
pseudo membranes
question
Pseudomembranes
answer
biofilm like hoards of bacteria that can block your airway as a result of corynebacterium
question
C. diphtheriae
answer
causes diphtheria (respiratory infection)
question
mycobacterium
answer
most pathogenic of high GC
acid fast stain
acid fast stain
question
M. tuberculosis
answer
slow grower 7 days for one division
mycolic acid and cord factor
latent infection (calcium walls in lungs)
ob aerobe very resistant to treatment
mycolic acid and cord factor
latent infection (calcium walls in lungs)
ob aerobe very resistant to treatment
question
mycolic acid
answer
in tuberculosis
hard to make which contributes to its slow growth
hard to make which contributes to its slow growth
question
cord factor
answer
helps TB attatch to things
question
latent infection
answer
Persistent infection with recurrent symptoms that "come and go"
tuberculosis build calcium walls around itself in the lungs to evade detection
tuberculosis build calcium walls around itself in the lungs to evade detection
question
M. leprae
answer
causes leprosy
really treatable
really treatable
question
MDR
answer
multi-drug resistant
tuberculosis
tuberculosis
question
Nocardia
answer
filamentous soil and water aerobes
causes pneumonia in hospitalized patients
causes pneumonia in hospitalized patients
question
Proprionbacterium
answer
P. acnes which causes acne
pleomorphic
ferments --> propioic acid
pleomorphic
ferments --> propioic acid
question
Proteobacteria
answer
phylum of gram negative bacteria
question
Alphaproteobacteria
answer
Rickettsia and Brucella
question
Rickettsia
answer
small aerobic rod PARASITE
transmitted by tics
transmitted by tics
question
Rickettsia rickettsii
answer
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
question
Bartonella quintana
answer
Trench fever, spread by lice
question
Bartonella henselae
answer
cat scratch disease
question
Brucella
answer
causes Brucellosis
intracellular parasite
survives phagocytosis
intracellular parasite
survives phagocytosis
question
Betaproteobacteria
answer
Neisseria and Bordetella
question
Neisseria gonorrhoeae and meningitis
answer
diplo cocci that inhabit mucous membranes
gonorrhea-->pelvic inflam disease
gonorrhea-->pelvic inflam disease
question
Bordatella pertussis
answer
whooping cough
Tdap vaccine
Tdap vaccine
question
Gammaproteobacteria
answer
largest most pathogenic group
question
Leigionella pneumophila
answer
legionnaires disease
live in AC units and warm water supply lines
live in AC units and warm water supply lines
question
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
answer
1/10 of nosocomial infection
opportunist, sepsis, UTI's, ear/lung infections
gram neg environmental bacteria aerobe
MDR
biofilms in cystic fibrosis
opportunist, sepsis, UTI's, ear/lung infections
gram neg environmental bacteria aerobe
MDR
biofilms in cystic fibrosis
question
Escherichia coli
answer
gastroenteritis, UTI, sepsis, renal failure
normal commensal bacteria
0157H7 strain
hemolytic uremia syndrome
normal commensal bacteria
0157H7 strain
hemolytic uremia syndrome
question
HUS
answer
hemolytic uremic syndrome
when E coli gets in the blood and lyses RBC's
when E coli gets in the blood and lyses RBC's
question
Klebsialla pneumoniae
answer
gram neg fac anaerobe
major cause of HAI's since has moved out into communities
major cause of HAI's since has moved out into communities
question
Shigella dysenteriae
answer
causes dysentery (prolonged diarrhea)
e coli can produce shigella toxins
e coli can produce shigella toxins
question
Salmonella typhi
answer
typhoid fever and salmonellosis
gram neg rod
gram neg rod
question
Yersinia pestis
answer
bubonic plague
neumonic plague if inhaled (much more deadly)
neumonic plague if inhaled (much more deadly)
question
Vibrio cholerae
answer
cholera
alkaliphile pH up to 9.5
alkaliphile pH up to 9.5
question
Haemophilus influenzae
answer
pleomorphic causes meningitis
doesn't cause flu
doesn't cause flu
question
Deltaproteobacteria
answer
not pathogenic to humans
smell like rotten eggs
smell like rotten eggs
question
Epsilonproteobacteria
answer
Campylobacter
Helicobacter
Helicobacter
question
Camplyobacter jejuni
answer
causes acute gastroeneterosis "stomach flu"
question
Helicobacter pylori
answer
stomach ulcers
produces urease
capnophile
produces urease
capnophile
question
Urease
answer
Enzyme that changes urea into ammonia and carbon dioxide
allows bacteria to live in the stomach's acidic environment
allows bacteria to live in the stomach's acidic environment
question
Capnophiles
answer
Microbes that require high CO2 conditions and low O2
question
Bacteroides
answer
gram neg ob anaerobes
normal GI tract bacteria
digest cellulose
normal GI tract bacteria
digest cellulose
question
Bacteroides fragilis
answer
can cause abdominal, pelvic, blood and other infections but only in severely immune compromised patients
question
Treponema and Borrelia
answer
pathogenic spirochetes
flagella on inside
flagella on inside
question
Treponema pallidum
answer
syphilis
question
Borrelia burgdorferi
answer
Lyme disease
vector is deer tics
vector is deer tics
question
Chlamydia
answer
small gram neg cocci
parasite
most prevalent STD
parasite
most prevalent STD
question
Chalmydia trachomatis
answer
STD can cause neonatal blindness
pelvic inflam disease and infertility
pelvic inflam disease and infertility
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