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Production Efficient
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Producing a combination of goods at the lowest cost
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Complements
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Goods used together
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price elasticity of demand
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% change in quantity demanded / % change in price
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comparative advantage
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One person can produce something at a lower cost than another, given the same resources
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Opportunity Cost
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The Net Value of the next best alternative
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Technology
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A method of production
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Endogenous Variable
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a variable that is determined within the model
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marginal rate of substitution
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The rate at which the consumer is willing to substitute between two goods to remain indifferent
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Income Elasticity of Demand
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% Change in quantity demanded/ % change in M
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Short Run
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At least one input is fixed
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Total Fixed Cost
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Cost that does not change with output
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Oligopoly
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Industry structure characterized by a few firms
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Minimum Efficient Scale
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Smallest quantity at which the long run average cost curve is minimized
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Homogeneous Product
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All firms produce exactly the same product
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Marginal Product of Labor
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Change in Quantity/ Change in Labor
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Implicit Cost
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The opportunity cost of using a resource owned by the firm
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Equilibrium
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No economic agent has an incentive to change their behavior
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market equilibrium
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quantity demanded equals quantity supplied
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Price Discrimination 1st Degree
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Firm changes max willingness to pay
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Price Discrimination 2nd Degree
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Different Prices for different amounts
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Price Discrimination 3rd Degree
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Different Prices for different groups of people
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Consumer Surplus
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Difference between maximum willingness to pay and the price
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Producer Surplus
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Actual Price youre willing to sell it for minus the price you actually sell it for
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Allocative Efficiency
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Maximizing consumer and producer surplus
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Marginal Revenue equals?
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Marginal Cost