question
What magnification is the scanning objective?
answer
-4x`
question
What is the name of the disinfectant you use to wipe down your lab bench?
answer
wescodyne
question
True or false? BSL-3 organisms pose greater health hazards than BSL-4 organisms?
answer
False
question
What is the organismal trait you were able to determine with a wet-mount preparation?
answer
-if they are motile
question
True or false? Normal skin flora is deeply embedded in our skin and is difficult to remove by handwashing alone?
answer
-True
question
Which objective lens is most useful for studying bacterial cells?
answer
-100x
question
Under which type of microscope did you view the wet mount?
answer
-Bright field and dark field
question
LOOK OVER MICROSCOPE
answer
LOOK OVER THAT
question
BSL-1 organisms
answer
-organisms do not typically cause disease in healthy individuals
question
BSL-2 organisms
answer
-organisms are commonly encountered in the community and have a moderate environmental and/or health hazard
question
BSL-3 organisms
answer
-organisms are local or exotic and are associated with respiratory transmission and serious lethal diseases
question
BSL-4 organisms
answer
-organisms have great potential for lethal infection
question
Oil immersion
answer
-used to view bacteria
-decreases the amount of light refraction to improve resolution
-decreases the amount of light refraction to improve resolution
question
Bright Field
answer
-Produces an image made of light that is transmitted through the specimen
-Contrast between specimen and background obtained by utilizing stains
-Contrast between specimen and background obtained by utilizing stains
question
Dark Field
answer
-produces an image made of light that is reflected of of a specimen
-contrast between specimen and background is possible without staining
-contrast between specimen and background is possible without staining
question
Brownian movement
answer
-Visible current caused by water molecules colliding with the microorganisms
question
Normal skin flora
answer
-typically non-pathogenic organisms that exist in a stable relationship with the host
-deeply embedded in the skin and difficult to remove via normal hand washing
-deeply embedded in the skin and difficult to remove via normal hand washing
question
Transient Skin Flora
answer
-Organisms that temporarily colonize the surface of the skin and are picked up during everyday activities.
-Some of these organisms may be pathogenic but are easy to remove via normal hand washing.
-Some of these organisms may be pathogenic but are easy to remove via normal hand washing.
question
A colony is....?
answer
-a clump of identical cells
-a pure culture
-derived from one original cell
-a pure culture
-derived from one original cell
question
What is one of the two methods you used to establish pure cultures?
answer
-pour plate
question
True or False? Pour plates are made using dilute samples of bacteria.
answer
True
question
To inoculate an agar slant media tube with an agar plate culture, which tool do you use?
answer
-loop
question
When preforming the pour plate technique, you should........
answer
-pour liquefied agar into the petri plate after adding the broth cultrue
question
What is the purpose of aseptic techniques?
answer
-to prevent contamination
question
Why is the inoculation loop resterilized between streaks when creating a streak plate?
answer
-to kill any bacteria remaining on the loop
-this allows you to dilute the bacteria present on the plate with subsequent streaks.
-this allows you to dilute the bacteria present on the plate with subsequent streaks.
question
True or False. When inoculating an agar slant, you want to place your loop in the middle of the slant and do a spot inoculation.
answer
False
question
Aseptic
answer
-free from microbial contamination
question
Streak Plate method
answer
-used to produce isolated colonies on the surface of an agar plate using a concentrated bacteria sample
question
Pure Cultures
answer
-needed to study bacterial characteristics
-contains bacteria of only ONE species
-contains bacteria of only ONE species
question
Definition of a pure culture
answer
-population of clonal cells
question
Binary Fission
answer
-a sexual reproduction
question
Pour Plate Method
answer
-to achieve individual colonies of a dilute sample of bacteria on the surface and sub-surface of an agar plate
question
Which of the following are ways that cocci arrange themselves?
answer
-Chains
-Pairs
-Singles
-Pairs
-Singles
question
What is the purpose of heat fixing bacteria onto microscope slides?
answer
-to help bacteria adhere to the slide
question
Since most cells are _______________ charged, _____________ dyes must be used to stain the cell wall.
answer
-negatively, basic
question
acidic dyes will stain the ____________
answer
-background
question
what is the purpose of the bacterial capsule?
answer
-to adhere to the host
question
True or False. A negative stain always uses a basic dye.
answer
False
question
What is the names of the acidic dye used in the capsule stain?
answer
-congo red
question
What is the name of the dye used in the simple stain?
answer
-Methylene blue
question
Which of the following stains do you have to heat fix?
answer
-Simple Stain
question
What color is the bacterial capsule following the capsule stain?
answer
-Clear (unstained)
question
Turbidity
answer
-cloudy
-indication of bacterial growth
-indication of bacterial growth
question
Cocci
answer
Spheres
question
Bacilli
answer
Rods
question
Sprilla
answer
spirals
question
Virbio
answer
curved rods
question
Single Celle Arrangments
answer
-singles
-mono
-mono
question
Pairs Cell arrangements
answer
-pairs
-diplo
-diplo
question
Chains Cell arrangement
answer
-chains
-strepto
-strepto
question
Cluster cell arrangement
answer
-staphylo
question
Basic Dyes
answer
-the color is the POSITIVELY charges ion
-methylene blue
-maneval's
-methylene blue
-maneval's
question
Acidic Dye
answer
-color is NEGATIVELY charges ion
-congo red
-nitrosin
-congo red
-nitrosin
question
What does the basic dyes stain?
answer
-the cell
question
What does the acidic dyes stain?
answer
-the background
question
Simple Stain
answer
-used to determine the morphology and arrangement of bacteria that are able to withstand heat-fixing****
question
what stain is used for the simple stain?
answer
-basic dyes so you can see the cells
question
In lab, what stains did we used in our simple stain?
answer
-methlyene blue
question
Are most bacteria negatively or positively charged?
answer
-negatively
question
Heat Fixing
answer
-dehydrates the bacterial cells and helps them adhere to the glass slides
-bacteria are killed and may cause distortions in cell size/shape
-bacteria are killed and may cause distortions in cell size/shape
question
Negative Stain
answer
-used to determine cell morphology and arrangement without heat-fixing the organisms
question
what stain is used for negative stains?
answer
-acidic dye
question
In lab, what stain did we use for the negative stain?
answer
-Nigrosin stain
question
Capsule Stain
answer
-is a differential staining technique that allows for the identification of cells that are able to produce an extra-cellular capsule
question
What stain is used in the capsule stain?
answer
-both acidic and basic dyes
question
In lab, what stains die we use for the capsule stain?
answer
-congo red first
-Manveval's stain
-Manveval's stain
question
Characteristics of the capsule
answer
-comprised of polysaccarides or polypeptides
-gelatinous
-surrounds the bacteria cell
-tightly packed matrix that is difficult to stain
-gelatinous
-surrounds the bacteria cell
-tightly packed matrix that is difficult to stain
question
What is the secondary stain used during the gram stains?
answer
-Sarfarin
question
What color was the acid fast organism following the acid-fast stain?
answer
-red
question
_____________ is used as a mordant during the gram stain.
answer
-gram's iodine
question
What are characteristics of bacterial endospores?
answer
-resistance to heat, drying, radiation, and chemicals
question
What was the decolorizing agent you used during the acid-fast stain?
answer
-acid alcohol
question
True or False. Bacteria in the genus of bacillus are capable of producing endospores.
answer
True
question
Which genus of bacteria is detected by preforming the acid-fast stain?
answer
-mycobacterium
question
Microscope slides must be steamed over boiling water bath during which staining procedures?
answer
-endospore stain
-acid-fast stain
-acid-fast stain
question
Gram-Negative are colored?
answer
pink
question
Gram-Positive are colored?
answer
purple
question
Which of the following stain is used for bacterial endospores?
answer
-malachite green
question
Gram Stain
answer
-differential staining procedure that uses two basic dyes and a decolorization step to differentiate between two classes of bacteria based on the wall compostion
question
Gram positive
answer
-cell wall is thick layer of peptidoglycan
-appears purple due to crystal violet
-appears purple due to crystal violet
question
Gram Negative
answer
-cell wall is thin layer of peptidoglycan
-appears pink due to safranin
-appears pink due to safranin
question
Gram Stain Reagents
answer
-crystal violet
-gram's iodine
-95% ethanol
-sarfranin O
-gram's iodine
-95% ethanol
-sarfranin O
question
Gram Stain: Primary Stain
answer
-crystal violet
question
Gram Stain: Mordant
answer
-iodine
-a mordant is a substance that fixes the dye to the cells
-a mordant is a substance that fixes the dye to the cells
question
Gram Stain: Decolorizing agent
answer
-95% ethanol
-the gram-negative bacteria are the ones that are decolorized
-the gram-negative bacteria are the ones that are decolorized
question
Gram Stain: Counterstain/ Secondary stain
answer
-Safranin O
-soaked into the cell wall of the gram negative causing them to become pink
-soaked into the cell wall of the gram negative causing them to become pink
question
Acid-Fast Stain
answer
-a differential stain that is used to detect cells that are capable of retaining a primary stain when they are treated with alcohol
question
What are the main acid-fast organisms?
answer
-mycobacterium
question
Characteristics of mycobacterium
answer
-cell wall contains mycolic acid (a waxy lipid) that caused bacterium to resist staining
-heat drives stain into cell walls and makes it resistant to decolorization
-heat drives stain into cell walls and makes it resistant to decolorization
question
What is the purpose of using steam heat during staining?
answer
-steam drives dye into hard-to-stain structures such as endospores and the waxy walls of acid-fast bacteria
question
Endospore Stain
answer
-the spore stain is a differential staining technique that is used to detect the presence and location of spores in bacterial cells
question
Bacteria that produce endopores are
answer
-bacillus
-clostridium
-clostridium
question
What stain did we used for the endopsore stains?
answer
-malachite green
-safrainin as counterstain
-safrainin as counterstain
question
Aerobic
answer
-with oxygen
question
anaerobic
answer
-no oxygen
question
Obligate aerobes
answer
-require oxygen to survive
question
Facultative Anaerobes
answer
-do not require oxygen but can survive in its presence
question
Microaerophiles
answer
-require a specific amount of low oxygen
question
Obligate Anaerobes
answer
-can only survive in oxygen free environments
question
anerobe jar
answer
-device made to promote growth of anerobic and microaerophilic bacteria
question
Gases in the anaerobe jar
answer
-contains chemical gas generator to release H2 and CO2 into the jar
-this convert the O2 into H20
-this convert the O2 into H20
question
Phychrophiles
answer
-organisms that grow at temperatures lower than 20C
-commonly found in the ocean, arctic, antarctic habitats
-commonly found in the ocean, arctic, antarctic habitats
question
Phsychrotrophs
answer
-organisms that grow at temperatures that range from 0-30 C
-fridge-cold habitats but fluctulate
-fridge-cold habitats but fluctulate
question
Mesophiles
answer
--organisms that grow at temperatures that range from 15-45 C
-found on human body or in our climate
-found on human body or in our climate
question
Thermaphiles
answer
--organisms that grow at temperatures that range from 40-80C
-commonly found in composting material in hot springs
-commonly found in composting material in hot springs
question
Extreme Thermaphiles
answer
-organisms that grow best at temperatures above 65C
-commonly found it hot oceans floor ridges
-commonly found it hot oceans floor ridges
question
Serial Dilution
answer
-a series of controlled transfers (several small dilutions) until the sample density is reduced to 1 million or less of its original cell concentration
question
Advantages of Serial Dilution
answer
-only counts viable cells
-can be modified to detect specific organisms
-easy to do and cost effective
-can be modified to detect specific organisms
-easy to do and cost effective
question
Disadvantages of Serial Dilution
answer
-takes 1-2 days for bacteria to grow
-can only assume one cell produces one colony
-assumes all viable cells grow
-can only assume one cell produces one colony
-assumes all viable cells grow
question
Aerobic Plate/Anaerobic Plate: M. Luteus
answer
Aerobic: Growth
question
Aerobic Plate/Anaerobic Plate: E. Coli
answer
Aerobic: Growth
Anaerobic: Growth
Anaerobic: Growth
question
Aerobic Plate/Anaerobic Plate: C. Sporogenes
answer
Anaerobic: Growth
question
Temperature on Growth: Ps. Florescens
answer
-pyschotroph
-5-25
-5-25
question
Temperature on Growth: E. Coli
answer
-Mesophile
-25-35
-25-35
question
Temperature on Growth: B. Stearothermophillis
answer
-thermaphile
-55+
-55+
question
Disinfectants
answer
-used on inaminate surfaces
-strongest concentration of the two categories
-will not sterilize
-strongest concentration of the two categories
-will not sterilize
question
Antiseptics
answer
-used on living tissues
-weakest concentration of the two cetegories
-weakest concentration of the two cetegories
question
UV-A
answer
-longest wavelengths
-ranges from 315-400nm
-ranges from 315-400nm
question
UV-B
answer
-wavelenghts between 280-315nm
question
UV-C
answer
-wavelenghts ranges from 100-280nm
-these wave lengths are most detrimental to bacteria
-these wave lengths are most detrimental to bacteria
question
Kirby-Bauer Test
answer
-standarized test used to detect antimicrobial susceptibility
-antibiotic
-antibiotic
Order an Essay Now & Get These Features For Free:
Turnitin Report
Formatting
Title Page
Citation
Outline
