question
Diphtheroids
answer
Corynebacterium also called:
question
S. pyogenes, beta hemolytic strep group C/G, Arcanobacterium haemolyticum
answer
Common pathogens (upper respiratory tract)
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E. coli, S. agalactiae, L. monocytogenes, S./K. pneumoniae, S. aureus, S. pyogenes
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Common pathogens (lower respiratory tract)
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S. aureus
answer
Common pathogens (skin):
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N. gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, yeast, Trichomonas (S. agalactiae/Listeria monocytogenes through birth canal)
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Common pathogens (reproductive tract)
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E. coli, S. aureus
answer
Common pathogens (blood):
question
Micrococci
answer
Bright yellow, oxidizes but does not ferment glucose (so it doesn't produce acid on Mannitol salt agar—not yellow)
question
S. bovis
answer
-Primary isolates of the viridans strep group
-Causes endocarditis/bacteremia
-May be associated with colon cancer
-Causes endocarditis/bacteremia
-May be associated with colon cancer
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S. pneumoniae
answer
-Susceptible to optochin (>=14mm)
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S. saprophyticus
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Resistant to novobiocin (<=16mm)
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S. pyogenes
answer
Susceptible to bacitracin (>10mm)
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Bacitracin susceptibility/PYR pos.
answer
How do you identify S. pyogenes (group A)?
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Hippurate hydrolysis/CAMP pos.
answer
How do you identify S. agalactiae (group b)?
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Arcanobacterium haemolyticum
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-Hemolytic, colony resembles beta strep
-Cause of pharyngitis (sore throat) in up to 2.5% of cases
-Cause of pharyngitis (sore throat) in up to 2.5% of cases
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Enterococcus
answer
-PYR pos.
-Bile esculin pos.
-Growth in 6.5% NaCl broth
-More antibiotic resistance
-Bile esculin pos.
-Growth in 6.5% NaCl broth
-More antibiotic resistance
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Abiotrophia/Granulicatella
answer
-Nutritionally variant
-May not grow unless you supply pyridoxal (B6), which can be easily achieved by satelliting it around Staph
-May not grow unless you supply pyridoxal (B6), which can be easily achieved by satelliting it around Staph
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N. meningitidis
answer
Grows as well on blood agar as it does on CHOC!
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Veillonella
answer
Only anaerobic GNC in humans
question
Moraxella cartarrhalis
answer
-Hockey puck
-Oxidase pos/beta-lactamase pos
-Butyrate pos
-DNAse/nitrate pos
-Oxidase pos/beta-lactamase pos
-Butyrate pos
-DNAse/nitrate pos
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Acinetobacter baumanii
answer
-Tend to resist alcohol decolorization (so may be mistaken for GPC/CPB or Neisseria)
-One of the major hospital-acquired MDRO's (Multiple-Drug-Resistant Organisms)
-One of the major hospital-acquired MDRO's (Multiple-Drug-Resistant Organisms)
question
Bacillus anthracis
answer
-Gamma, non-motile
-MUST rule out as it can be used as a weapon of mass destruction (WMD)
-You can rule it out if motile/hemolytic
-MUST rule out as it can be used as a weapon of mass destruction (WMD)
-You can rule it out if motile/hemolytic
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Corynebacterium jeikium
answer
Resistant to many antibiotics, sometimes to all but Vancomycin (this makes it very difficult to treat)
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Listeria monocytogenes
answer
-Tumbling motility, "umbrella" in medium
-Esculin hydrolysis pos
-Causes neonatal meningitis/stillbirth and food poisoning
-Esculin hydrolysis pos
-Causes neonatal meningitis/stillbirth and food poisoning
question
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
answer
-Infects mostly fish handlers, farmers, slaughterhouse workers, veterinarians (animal pathogen)
-Causes erysipeloid (mild skin disease) and rarely sepsis
-Produces H2S in TSI, nonmotile GPRs
-Causes erysipeloid (mild skin disease) and rarely sepsis
-Produces H2S in TSI, nonmotile GPRs
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Klebsiella pneumoniae
answer
Indole neg, to differentiate from E. coli
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Klebsiella oxytoca
answer
Indole pos
question
ONPG
answer
Delayed lactose fermentation
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Yersinia pestis
answer
-RATS
-Grows slowly, "fried egg" appearance
-Causes plague
-safety pins
-Grows slowly, "fried egg" appearance
-Causes plague
-safety pins
question
Plesiomonas shigelloides
answer
Only oxidase positive member of Enterobacteriaceae
question
Vibrio cholerae
answer
-Yellow on TCBS (sucrose fermenter)
-Has caused pandemics
-Very high mortality rate if untreated but low if properly treated
-Has caused pandemics
-Very high mortality rate if untreated but low if properly treated
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Vibrio
answer
Tolerate high salt concentrations (all except V. cholerae require added salt in media for isolation)
question
Vibrio vulnificus/Vibrio parahaemolyticus
answer
Green on TCBS (sucrose nonfermenter)
question
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
answer
Grows at 42 degrees Celsius
question
Pseudomonas aeruginosa/Burkholderia cepacia
answer
Common in cystic fibrosis patients
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Pseudomonas fluorescens
answer
Will not grow at 42 degrees Celsius
question
Haemophilus influenzae
answer
Growth around XV disk
question
Haemophilus parainfluenzae
answer
Growth around V/XV disks
question
Bordetella pertussis
answer
-Causes whooping cough
-PCR more sensitive (don't culture for it)
-PCR more sensitive (don't culture for it)
question
Capnocytophaga
answer
-Fastidious, requires blood agar
-REQUIRES INCREASED CO2
-Animal bite wounds
-REQUIRES INCREASED CO2
-Animal bite wounds
question
Clostridium perfringens
answer
Double zone of beta-hemolysis
question
Actinomyces israelii
answer
-Actinomycosis (lumpy jaw)
-Abscesses of mouth/adjoining areas
-Abscesses of mouth/adjoining areas
question
Cutibacterium (Propionibacterium) acnes
answer
-Normal skin flora
-Frequent contaminant of blood cultures
-Can cause bacteremia/endocarditis
-Frequent contaminant of blood cultures
-Can cause bacteremia/endocarditis
question
Bacteroides fragilis
answer
-Most frequent cause of anaerobic infection
-Very resistant to antibiotics
-Black on BBE, resistant to bile
-Very resistant to antibiotics
-Black on BBE, resistant to bile
question
Prevotella melaninogenicus
answer
-Black on blood agar/LKV due to black pigment
-Sensitive to bile
-Fluorescent brick red
-Sensitive to bile
-Fluorescent brick red
question
Porphyromonas
answer
-Only anaerobic GNR sensitive to vancomycin
-Fluorescent brick red
-Fluorescent brick red
question
Fusobacterium necrophorum
answer
Most frequent cause of sore throat in adults:
question
Porphyromonas
answer
Sensitive to vancomycin and bile
question
Bacteroides fragilis
answer
Resistant to vancomycin, kanamycin, colistin, bile
question
Prevotella
answer
Sensitive to bile/variable with colistin
question
Fusobacterium
answer
Sensitive to kanamycin and colistin
question
Proteins that make up the organism
answer
Mass spectrometry relies on identification of the:
question
Time of flight
answer
The time taken for positive ions to reach the detector (depends on their mass to charge ratio)
question
Shigella/Klebsiella
answer
Non-motile Enterobacteriaceae:
question
Gas gangrene
answer
Clostridium perfringens is associated with what?
question
Coryne jeikeium
answer
Resistant to everything except Vancomycin
question
Fusobacterium nucleatum
answer
Organism is sensitive to kanamycin/colistin, indole positive, has tapered ends. What is it?
question
Hemin and Vitamin K
answer
Thioglycollate broth is supplemented with?
question
Propionibacterium acnes
answer
Organism that is anaerobic, gram pos, catalase and indole pos, nitrite. What is it?
question
Peptostreptococcus
answer
Sensitive to SPS:
question
Not on a female
answer
You have GN diplococci isolated from urethral discharge. Can you diagnose gonorrhea?
question
Reagan-Lowe and Bordet-Gengou
answer
What agar is used for B. pertussis?
question
Acinetobacter baumanii
answer
You have a non-fermentive GNR that is oxidase neg/non-motile/lysine neg. What is it?
question
Klebsiella oxytoca
answer
You have a lactose/glucose fermenting GNR that is non-motile,oxidase/H2S/ornithine neg, citrate/indole/lysine pos. What is it?
question
Spot indole
answer
You have a GNR you suspect is E. coli. What test should be done to confirm?
question
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
answer
Produces H2S in TSI:
question
Group A strep
answer
NO sensitivity testing is done on this group of strep because of penicillin:
question
Pasteurella multocida
answer
You have a GN coccobacilli rod that is catalase/indole/oxidase pos and does not grow on Maconkey. What is it?
question
Tube coagulase
answer
Performed after slide coagulase in identification of S. aureus
question
Microdase pos/glucose fermenter
answer
How do you differentiate Micrococcus from Staphylococcus?
question
Aeromonas
answer
ONPG and oxidase pos:
question
Haemophilus influenzae
answer
An unvaccinated baby has tiny colonies in their CSF. What is causing this?
question
MALDI-TOF
answer
Assists in desorption and ionization
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