Microbio exam 2 clicker questions

Drug A's toxic dose is 10 microgram/ml, and its MIC is 9 microgram/ml. Drugs B's toxic dose is also 10 microgram/ml, but its MIC is 1 microgram/ml. Which drug is more likely to cause toxic drug reactions?
(A) Drug A
(B) Drug B
(C) They are the same

The building block for Peptidoglycan is the NAG-NAM disaccharide unit. NAM is linked to a pentapeptide.
(A) True
(B) False

Both bacitracin and cycloserine inhibit bacteria cell wall synthesis.
(A) True
(B) False

Penicillin reversibly inhibits the transpeptidase
(A) True
(B) False

Penicillin inhibits the biosynthesis of the NAG-NAM disaccharide unit. NAM is linked to a pentapeptide.
(A) True
(B) False

The most frequent mechanism for penicillin resistance is due to the autolytic enzymes in cell wall not activated.
(A) True
(B) False

Which of the following can inhibit gram negative bacteria?
(A) Penicillin G
(B) Methicillin
(C) Ampicillin

Piperacillin is more active against Pseudomonas than Carbenicillin.
(A) True
(B) False

The third-generation of cephalosporins are more active against Gram-positive bacteria than the first-generation of cephalosporins
(A) True
(B) False

Vancomycin is a beta-lactam antibiotic that inhibits bacteria cell wall synthesis
(A) True
(B) False

Vancomycin binds to the D-Ala-D-Ala terminus of pentapeptide that is linked to NAM. This sterically interferes with elongation of the peptidoglycan chain.
(A) True
(B) False

Streptomycin is bactericidal
(A) True
(B) False

Streptomycin binds to the 30S ribosome. It inhibits the initiation of protein synthesis, cause the incorporation of incorrect amino acids, and cause premature termination of protein synthesis.
(A) True
(B) False

Both chloramphenicol and erythromycin bind to the 50S ribosome.
(A) True
(B) False

Same as penicillins, enzymatic inactivation of tetracycline is the most important mechanism for the occurrence of tetracycline resistance.
(A) True
(B) False

Sulfonamide inhibits PABA conversion into dihydrofolic acid in bacteria and human
(A) True
(B) False

Fluoroquinolones does not have very good selective toxicity, because it also inhibits human topoisomerase.
(A) True
(B) False

Rifampin is widely used in treating a number of gram positive and gram negative infections, because it has very good selective toxicity.
(A) True
(B) False

Which one is the Gram-positive?
(A) Plasma membrane, periplasmic space, peptidoglycan, outermembrane (lipopolysaccharide and protein)
(B) Plasma membrane, periplasmic space, peptidoglycan

Which of these expression better defines Staphylococcus aureus species?
(A) Highly specialized
(B) Very versatile and adaptable
(C) strict aerobe
(D) lethal

What is the main effect of hemolysins?
(A) Vomiting
(B) Loss of RBC
(C) Lysis of neutrophils
(D) Skin desquamation

Which test differentiates aureus from other staphylococci species?
(A) Gram Stain
(B) Catalase
(C) Oxidase
(D) Coagulase

What is one of the main uses of vancomycin?
(A) MRSA
(B) VRSA
(C) Gram-negative
(D) Catalase negative

Erysipelas is associated to
(A) spreadout subcutaneous infections on face
(B) damage to the mitral valve
(C) purulent white abscesses on oral mucosae
(D) Crusty superficial lesions on face

Which of these pathological conditions is associated to Streptococcus pyrogenes?
(A) Scarlet fever
(B) Rheumatic fever
(C) Necrotizing fasciitis
(D) All of the above

A conjugated vaccine is available to prevent infection of Streptococcus pneumoniae for young children
(A) True
(B) False

Which is NOT true?
(A) Gonorrhea can cause sterility
(B) Only Sexually active people can get it
(C) Gonorrhea is a gram negative diplococcus

What is an important discriminatory symptom of meningitis
(A) High Fever
(B) Hallucinatory state
(C) Stiff neck

Which of the following is the most problematic mode of transmission for bacillus anthracis?
(A) Inhalation
(B) Ingestion
(C) Entry through wounds
(D) Sexual Contact

Clostridium perfringens causes the appearance of?
(A) Debridement
(B) Eschar
(C) Necrotic bullae

What is more likely to lead to tetanus?
(A) deep puncture wound
(B) broad skin abrasion with rusty metal
(C) extensive antibiotic regimen

The action of the botulin toxin is on the
(A) Spinal nerves
(B) Cerebellum
(C) Neuromuscular junction
(D) Meninges

How does Listeria avoid humoral immune response?
(A) Thick capsula with fimbriae
(B) Intracellular life-cycle
(C) Hyaluronic acid outer surface

Tuberculosis is transmitted by
(A) Infected fomites
(B) Contaminated food
(C) Respiratory droplets
(D) Mosquitoes

Tubercoloid leprosy is the most severe form of leprosy
(A) True
(B) False

Lipopolisaccharide (LPS) is
(A) part of the outer membrane
(B) part of the cell wall
(C) a secreted exotoxin

Which of these conditions is characterized by whooping cough?
(A) Pertussis
(B) Rheumatic fever
(C) Tubercolosis
(D) Legionellosis

Which is the most common disease associated to coliforms?
(A) Diarrhea
(B) Pneumonia
(C) Meningitis

Which of the following is the primary mode of transmission for shighella dysenteriae?
(A) Inhalation
(B) Ingestion
(C) Entry through wounds
(D) Sexual Contact

The bubo of bubonic plague is a/an
(A) Ulcer where the flea bite occurred
(B) Tubercle in the lungs
(C) Enlarged lymph node
(D) Infected sebaceous gland

Cholera symptoms are caused by:
(A) A toxin that increases cAMP levels
(B) A toxin that hyperstimulates the immune response
(C) A toxin that blocks acetylcholine release

Lyme disease is caused by _____ and spread by ______
(A) Borrelia recurrentis, Lice
(B) Yersinia pestis, Fleas
(C) Borrelia burgdorferi, Ticks

The main symptom of a helicobacter pylori infection is
(A) Gastric ulcer
(B) Gummas
(C) Diarrhea
(D) Bull's eye rash

Epidemic thyphus is usually acquired by eating contaminated food or drinking contaminated water
(A) True
(B) False

A very high, weekly relapsing fever is one of the main aspects of the Rocky Mountain fever
(A) True
(B) False

Chlamydia trachomatis infective forms are called
(A) endospores
(B) Elementary bodies
(C) Reticulate bodies
(D) L-variants

Sample exam Q:
What is the primary treatment for tuberculosis?
(A) Hyperbaric chamber to increase oxygen flux
(B) Fluid replacement
(C) Prolonged treatment with a combination of antibiotics (ex Rifater)
(D) Surgery to remove tubercles
(E) Vancomycin

Sample exam Q:
Which of the following applies best to neisseria gonorrhoeae
(A) It is the most common STD
(B) It is a strictly human infective agent
(C) Can only be transmitted by sexual contact
(D) It is associated to recurrent high fevers
(E) It is robustly viable in soil or water

Sample exam Q:
Adhesion to the host is associated to all the following virulence factors, except
(A) Cord factor
(B) Slime biofilm
(C) Glycocalyx
(D) Hook
(E) Fimbriae

Sample exam Q:
Which of the following diseases is primarily transmitted by contaminated water?
(A) Cholera
(B) Tetanus
(C) Lyme disease
(D) Diphteria
(E) Gonorrhea

Sample exam Q:
Which of the following statements is TRUE?
(A) Yersinia pestis infections are mainly caused by sewer contamination of water sources
(B) Yersinia pestis infections are characterized by disfiguration and loss of limbs
(C) Yersinia pestis infections cannot be treated, except for supportive/palliative care
(D) Yersinia pestis infections are spread by rodents' and other pests' urine
(E) Yersinia pestis infections are effectively treated with streptomycin

Sample exam Q:
Rising oceans are not the only effect of Global Warming.
Thawing of the Permafrost in Siberian tundra is exposing carcasses of previously
frozen animals, which died decades ago. This allowed bacterial spores to germinate and
contaminate reindeers roaming the area, and in turn infect the nomadic people who care
for the herds.
Recently, at least one person died of respiratory complications, and tens of
thousands of reindeers needed to be culled.
What microorganism is most likely responsible for this epidemic?
(A) Heamophilus influenza
(B) Clostridium perfringens
(C) Mycobacterium tuberculosis
(D) Bacillus anthracis
(E) Corynebacterium diphtheriae