question
Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)
answer
The lowest concentration of an antibiotic that inhibits visual organism growth.
question
Chocolate agar and modified Thayer-Martin
answer
What agar might be used to help isolate N. gonorrhea?
question
15 lbs of pressure for 15 minutes
answer
What does the steam autoclave method use to sanitize items?
question
1:5-1:10
answer
What blood to broth ratio is recommended to allow good conditions for the recovery of bacteria?
question
Columbia CNA agar
answer
This agar contains colistin and nalidixic acid to inhibit gram negatives?
question
Chromogenic cephalosporin test
answer
What is the most sensitive and specific test for the detection of beta lactamase?
question
Beta-lactam and an aminoglycoside
answer
What antibiotics are used to treat an enterococcus infection?
question
Cation content
answer
What must be in a steady state for the Kirby-bauer agar to prevent the over exaggeration of the zone of inhibition?
question
Excessively large
answer
When agar is too thin what happens to the zone of inhibition?
question
42 degrees and microaerophilic
answer
What environment is best used to recover Campylobacter?
question
After 30 days with no more than 3 results outside of the normal limits
answer
When can daily disk diffusion quality control be done weekly?
question
Defective gaskets or inactive catalyst pellets
answer
What are the most common causes for GasPak failures?
question
Sterile sites
answer
Materials from what sites should always be cultured anaerobically?
question
Martin-Lewis agar
answer
This agar is used to isolate N. gonorrhoea. It has vancomycin and anisomycin
question
CIN agar
answer
This media is selective and differential for Y. entercolitica?
question
Tryptophan
answer
What is necessary in the agar for an indole test?
question
ONPG
answer
This test measures the ability of the enzyme beta-galactosidase?
question
differential media
answer
This aids in the presumptive ID of organisms based on their appearance.
question
SPS
answer
What anticoagulant is used for blood cultures?
question
It inactivates neutrophils and complements
answer
Why is SPS used for blood cultures?
question
very major error
answer
This error indicates that a resistant isolate is susceptible.
question
major error
answer
This error indicates that a susceptible isolate is resistant
question
minor error
answer
This error indicates an intermediate result on a susceptible organisms or a resistant results on an intermediate organism.
question
Increases it
answer
A delay of greater than 15 minutes between plating and incubating will do what to the zone of inhibition?
question
Falsely resistant
answer
A dense inoculum may make results that are what?
question
Penicillin
answer
This antibiotic inhibits cell wall synthesis.
question
Chloramphenicol
answer
This antibiotic inhibits protein synthesis.
question
Colistin
answer
This antibiotic increases membrane permeability/
question
Sulfamethoxaizole
answer
This antibiotic inhibits folate metabolism.
question
Aminoglycosides
answer
What antibiotic is used on Pseudomonas?
question
Bone marrow fever
answer
What is the best method for confirming a typhoid fever diagnosis.
question
Thiosulfate citrate bile salts
answer
What agar is used to isolate vibrio?
question
Skirrow media
answer
This media is an enriched and selective media for Campylobacter.
question
Regan-Lowe
answer
This agar is used to isolate B. pertussis. It contains cephalexin to inhibit normal flora?
question
Cystine blood agar
answer
This agar is used to grow Francisella tularensis?
question
PCR
answer
What is the best method of detection for Francisella tularensis?
question
Aspiration with a needle and syringe
answer
What is the recommended collection media for anaerobic cultures?
question
Cyclohexamide
answer
A protein synthesis inhibitor that is used to inhibit contaminating fungi
question
Positive indicator
answer
Neutrophils are an indicator of what in a sputum specimen?
question
Schlicher tests
answer
This test can be used to asses the activity of a patient's serum when they are being treated for endocarditis and osteomyelitis?
question
Acidic
answer
In what environments will penicillins function best?
question
Moraxella osloensis
answer
This gram negative coccobacillus may appear to be similar to N. gonorrhoeae?
question
Nalidixic acid resitance/
answer
Extraintestinal isolates of Salmonella should be tested for what?
question
Clindamycin, cephalosporin and trimethoprim
answer
What antibiotic appear active against Enterococcus but are not clinically effective?
question
A negative D test (Clindamyacin sensitive erythromycin resistant)
answer
What results is this?
question
Aminoglycosides
answer
What antibiotic is inhibited by an enzyme?
question
Volume of blood
answer
What is the single most important variable involved in the recovery of organisms from a blood culture?
question
N. gonorrhea
answer
Neutrophils full of gram negative diplococci in a genital specimen might be associated with what?
question
Streptococcus
answer
Gram positive cocci in chains are suggestive of what?
question
LIM broth (Todd-Hewitt broth with antibiotics)
answer
What type of media is used to identify GBS?
question
vaginal/rectal
answer
What type of swab should be collected for a GBS screen?
question
Bacillus stearothermophilus
answer
What common organism that grows at 56 C is used to quality control incubators?
question
Too think agar, too heavy broth or low potency disks
answer
Quality control zones that are too small in a disk diffusion technique could be due to what?
question
Novobiocin resistant
answer
What is used to differentiate S. saprophyticus from other coag negative staph?
question
Bile soluble
answer
What test is used to identify S. pneumoniae?
question
Coagulase
answer
What test is used to help identify S. aureus?
question
Optochin susceptible
answer
What test is used to identify S. pneumoniae?
question
Glomerulonephritis and rheumatic fever
answer
What are some common sequalae for S. pyogenes infections?
question
Short incubation food poisoning
answer
What endotoxin do some forms of S. aureus produce?
question
Enterococcus
answer
This organism is both bile esculin positive and NaCl positive.
question
Abiotrophia and Granulicatella
answer
What are nutritionally variant strep species now called?
question
Streptococcus agalactiae
answer
What bacteria is associated with neonatal meningitidis?
question
Streptococcus epidermidis
answer
What is the most common cause of prosthetic valve endocarditits?
question
Penicillin derivative and aminoglycosides
answer
What antibiotics are used to treat entrococcus infections?
question
Streptococcus
answer
These organisms are gram positive cocci that are catalase negative.
question
S. agalactiae
answer
This bacteria is catalase and bile esculin negative and bacitracin/optochin resistant. It is also CAMP positive and hippurate positive.
question
Tube coagulase test
answer
What should be done on all slide coagulase negative organisms that resemble S. aureus?
question
S. pyogenes
answer
What is an example of a common bacteria that is universally susceptible to penicillin?
question
2-6 hours later
answer
When do the first symptoms of S. aureus food poisoning typically appear?
question
Pulse field electrophoresis
answer
What is the most commonly used technique for determining the relatedness of two or more bacterial strains?
question
Micrococcus
answer
This bacteria is oxidase positive, bacitracin susceptible and resistant to lysostaphin and is catalase positive and coagulase negative. It produces a yellow pigment.
question
E. coli
answer
What are most uncomplicated UTIs caused by?
question
non-sorbitol fermenter
answer
What is the distinguishing factor of E. coli O157:H7?
question
Enterobacteriaceae
answer
This class of bacteria is oxidase negative, ferments glucose and reduces nitrate to nitrite?
question
Shigella
answer
What is the least biochemically reactive organism in the Enterobacteria family?
question
Chlorea toxin
answer
The toxin produced by E. coli that triggers traveler's diarrhea is similar to what?
question
Capsule must be removed
answer
Why must some Shigella isolates be boiled prior to latex testing?
question
Yersinia enterocolitica
answer
An appendicitis like syndrome is often seen with what bacteria?
question
Yersinia pestis
answer
This organism appears to have a "safety pin" like appearance with Wayson stain.
question
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
answer
This organism is a gram negative rod that is nitrate and oxidase positive, produces a green pigment and has a grape like odor. This organism will also grow at 42 C.
question
Campylobacter
answer
This gram negative rod requires a microaerophilic environment and is shaped like a "gull-wing". It grows best at 42 C. It is the most common pathogen isolated from patient's with diarrhea.
question
H. pylori
answer
This bacteria is often found in gastric ulcers and is extremely urease positive.
question
Acinetobacter baumannii
answer
This bacteria is a gram negative coccobacillus that is nitrate, oxidase and ONPG negative.
question
6% O2, 15% CO2, 85% nitrogen
answer
What is a microaerophilic environment?
question
NAD
answer
What is factor V?
question
Hemin
answer
What is factor X?
question
Factor V
answer
What factor does H. parainfluenzae require for growth?
question
bone marrow
answer
What is the best specimen for the recovery of Brucella?
question
Chromobacterium violaceum
answer
This bacteria produces a violet pigment.
question
Pasteurella multocida
answer
This MAC positive organism is associated with animals bites?
question
Bordetella bronchiseptica
answer
This organism is a rapid urease positive and is often associated with animal bites.
question
Eikenella corrodens
answer
This organism is catalase negative, oxidase positive, smells like bleach and pits the agar.
question
P. aeruginosa
answer
Growth at 42 C and pyocyanin production are classic tests for what organism?
question
Capnocytophaga
answer
This organism is associated with animal bites. It requires a microaerophilic environment to grow, ferments glucose sucrose and lactose and produces spreading colonies on agar.
question
Buffered charcoal yeast extract agar
answer
What is the recommended agar for Legionella?
question
Thiosulfate citrate bile agar
answer
What is the recommended agar for the isolation of the vibrio species?
question
Vibrio vulnificus
answer
This organism is associated with injestion of improperly cooked sea food. It is oxidase positive and lactose fermenting.
question
Burkholderia cepacia
answer
This organism is often seen in cystic fibrosis patients. It is oxidase positive, lysine decarboxylase positive, and produces an alkaline/alkaline TSI slant.
question
Microaerophilic
answer
What do HACEK organisms require about the environment for growth?
question
Brucella
answer
This bacteria cases undulant fever. It is a slow growing gram negative coccobacillus that produces small raised colonies.
question
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
answer
This organism requires a microaerophilic environment and is oxidase and glucose positive. Coagglutination used to be a common test for this organism.
question
Moraxella catarrhalis
answer
This small gram negative coccobacillus is oxidase positive an biochemically inert.
question
Tetramethyl-phenylenediamine
answer
Organisms with the oxidase enzyme can oxidase what?
question
Endocervical cultures
answer
What is the best specimen for identify N. gonorrhoeae in females?
question
N. gonorrhoeae
answer
This gram negative coccobacillus is oxidase positive and ferments glucose but not maltose.
question
Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome
answer
This syndrome occurs in conjunction with severe cases of N. menigitidis.
question
Potassium tellurite agar
answer
What media is needed to recover Corynebacterium?
question
Nocardia
answer
This organism is capable of growing on Lowenstein-Jensen agar. It is a gram positive, branching bacillus that is partially acid fast. It does not hydrolyze caseiin, tyrosine or xanthine.
question
Listeria
answer
This gram positive rod has a tumbling motility, is bile esculin positive and produces beta hemolysis.
question
Erysipelothrix
answer
What is the only gram positive rod that produces hydrogen sulfide?
question
Anaerobes
answer
This general class of organisms produce a foul smell and are typically polymicrobic.
question
Bacteroides and Prevotella
answer
Kanamycin, vancomyicin laked blood agar is selective for what organisms?
question
Proprionibacterium acnes
answer
This anaerobic bacteria is a gram positive rod that may be isolated from improperly collected blood cultures. It is catalase and indole positive.
question
skin and mucous membranes
answer
What areas of the body are anaerobes considered to be normal skin flora in?
question
Clostridium perfringens
answer
This is an anaerobic gram positive rod that forms spores and is non-motile. It is positive for the reverse CAMP test, produces a double zone of hemolysis and produces lecithinase.
question
Cell culture cytotoxin assay
answer
What is the gold standard for toxin detection?
question
Peptostreptococcus
answer
What organisms is inhibited by SPS blood culture anticoagulant?
question
Clostridium septicum
answer
This is an anaerobic gram positive bacillus that has subterminal spores
question
Clostridium tetani
answer
This is an anaerobic gram positive bacillus that produces terminal spores
question
The pressence of the toxin in the patients fluids
answer
Botulism is diagnosed by what?
question
CLFA
answer
What media is selection and differential for Clostridium difficle and produces yellow, ground glass colonies?
question
Actinomyces
answer
This anaerobe produces gram positive branching rods that are yellow-tan and have a molar tooth appearance.
question
Bacteroides fragilis
answer
This gram negative non spore forming bacteria is the most common anaerobic bacteria isolated from clinical specimens. It will grow on BBE agar and produces black colonies. It is catalase positive, indole negative, and tolerant of bile.
question
Prevontella
answer
This gram negative anaerobic bacteria flouresces brick red and is resistant to vancomycin and kanamycin.
question
Fusobacterium nucleatum
answer
This is a long slender gram negative anaerobe that has tapered ends.
question
inhilation
answer
How is Histoplasma capsulatum transmitted?
question
Calcoflour white
answer
This stain binds to the cellulose and chitin found in fungal cell walls.
question
Cryptococcus neoformas
answer
This yeast has a polysaccharide capsule and produces meningitis in immunocompromised patients. It produces brown colonies on bird seed agar and appears to have gram positive inclusions. It is the only yeast that is phenol oxidase positive.
question
Candida albicans
answer
This yeast produces germ tubes.
question
Candida glabrata
answer
This yeast is urease negative and does not produce pseudo-hyphae.
question
An anti-fugnal
answer
What is cycloheximide?
question
Malassezia furfur
answer
this fungus causes catheter-related sepsis, requires lipids for growth and is a small yeast with a wide bud.
question
CHROMagar (produces the best reaction at 35-37 C)
answer
What agar is the best for detecting mixed yeast populations in clinical specimens?
question
Cryptococcal latex antigen test
answer
What is the most sensitive test for cryptococcal disease?
question
Coccidiodes immitis
answer
This extremely infectious yeast produces alternating arthrospores.
question
Histoplasma capsulatum
answer
The presence of tuberculate macroconidida is a pressumptive identification of what?
question
Sporothrix schenckii
answer
This diamorphic fungi has a flower like microscopic appearance
question
Penicillium marneffei
answer
This diamorphic fungi produces a red pigment.
question
Macrocondida and microconida
answer
How are dermatophytes typically differentiated?
question
Lactophenol cotton blue
answer
This stain is used to prepare slides of dermatophytes.
question
Epidermophyton floccosum
answer
This fungi is smooth walled with club shaped macroconidia. It causes tinea pedis.
question
Microsporum
answer
Yellow-green flouresence of hair follicales is characteristic of what?
question
Zygomycetes
answer
These fungi are rapid growers and produce a cottony growth.
question
Paecilomyces
answer
Elongated and tapered phhialides are characteristic of what?
question
Fusarium
answer
This fungi causes corneal infections, produces a rose color and has slender sickle shaped macroconidia
question
Pseudallescheria boydii
answer
What is a common cause of eumycotic mycetoma? It has moderately long hyphiae with pear shaped conidia
question
Fonsecaea pedrosoi
answer
This fungi produces cladiosporium, phialophora and fonsecae sporulation simultaneously
question
Morning sputum
answer
What is the best specimen for AFB cultures?
question
Glycerol
answer
What is the preferred carbon source for mycobacteria?
question
NaOH
answer
What is used to decoontaminated AFB specimens of normal flora prior to culture?
question
Lowenstein-Jensen agar
answer
This is an egg based media used for AFB.
question
Middlebrook 7H
answer
this is an agar based media used for AFB.
question
Lowenstein-Jensen Graft agar
answer
This is a selective egg based media used for AFB?
question
N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NALC)
answer
What is used to decontaminate AFB specimens by lysing mucous?
question
It produces formaldehyde
answer
Why can Middlebrook agar not be exposed to light?
question
Oxalic acid
answer
This is used to decontaminate AFB specimens that are contaminated with pseudomonas.
question
M. tuberculosis
answer
This AFB is niacin and nitrate positive and cannot grow in the NAP and produces a rough, non-pigmented colony. It can withstand intracellular digestion by macrophages.
question
M. bovis
answer
This AFB is used in the BCG vaccination against TB.
question
Isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazimide & ethambutol
answer
What drugs are used to treat tuberculosis?
question
M. gordonae
answer
This is a non pathogenic AFB that is often found in water. It is Tween positive, urease negative and a schrotochromogen.
question
Scotochromogens
answer
These mycobacterium produce a deep yellow-orange pigment when grown in light or darkness.
question
Photochromogens
answer
These mycobacteria produce colored colonies only after light exposure.
question
M. leprae
answer
This AFB cannot be cultured and is diagnosed by AFB biopsy specimens.
question
M. marinum
answer
This AFB is found in contaminated water and may cause infections around non-intact skin.
question
M. xenopi
answer
This organism grows best at 42-45 C, is not pigmented and is resistant to other antibiotics.
question
M. fortuitum
answer
This AFB may not stain with the fluorochrome stain.
question
M. haemophilum
answer
This AFB grows best at 30 C, needs hemin/ferric ammonium citrate for growth and causes skin nodules.
question
Intranuclear or intracytoplasmic inclusions
answer
What is indicative of a viral infection?
question
HPV
answer
This virus is associated with anogenital warts, cervical dysplasia and neoplasia.
question
Herpes Simplex Virus
answer
This virus is associated with fetal sporadic encephalitis.
question
Adenovirus
answer
What virus are cold typically associated with?
question
EBV
answer
What virus is associated with the formation of Burkitt lymphoma in immunocompromised patients.
question
Darkfield microsocpy
answer
What is used to visualize Treponema pallidum?
question
Chlaymdia trachomatis
answer
This virus leaves glycogen rich cytoplasmic inclusions that can be stained by Lugol iodine. It is known to cause urethritis and cervicitis.
question
When cell wall antibiotics are used.
answer
When are bacterial L forms seen (bacteria without cell walls).
question
Chlamydophila psittaci
answer
This is transmitted by birds.
question
Borrelia recurrentis
answer
What causes relapsing fever?
question
Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma
answer
This is a general class of bacterial organisms that lack cell walls.
question
Leptospira interrogans
answer
These spiral organisms are found in contaminated water. They may cause jaundice, icterus and acute renal failure. The grow on Fletcher's agar best and must be incubated for at least 6 weeks.
question
10% serum plus fatty acids
answer
What does Fletcher's agar have that allows for the growth of Leptospira?
question
first 7-10 days of infection (after this it can be found in the urine for a month)
answer
When can Leptospira be found in the blood?
question
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
answer
What is a common infection that is associated with Chlamydia trachomatis?
question
McCoy cells and green monkey cells
answer
What cells are used to grow chlamydia?
question
vascular endothelium
answer
Where do Ricketsial cells multiply in men?
question
Pollen grains
answer
What contaminates may appear similar to cysts in an ova and parasite examination?
question
Polyvinyl alcohol
answer
What is the adhesive in a trichrome stain?
question
Naegleria fowleri
answer
This parasite causes primary amoebic encephalitis.
question
Formalin
answer
What can formed stool be preserved in if it cannot be examined immediately?
question
Toxoplasma gondii
answer
This parasite may cause multifocal brain lesions in AIDs patients.
question
Entamoeba histolytica
answer
This parasite is 12-60 um with evenly distributed, course peripheral chromatin.
question
Entamoeba coli
answer
This parasite demonstrates a slow, undefined motility and is generally nonpathogenic. They have greater than 4 nuclei per cell and are 10-35 um in size.
question
Giardia lamblia
answer
This flagellated protozoan parasite leads to greasy, foul-smelling stool.
question
Endolimax nana
answer
This parasite has 4 nuclei with no peripheral chromatin and large karyosomes in each nucleus.
question
Strongyloides stercoralis
answer
These parasites can transform into filaform larvae in the intestines of immunocompromised patients which leads to auto-infection.
question
Enterobius vermicularis
answer
A scotch tape prep is used to help diagnose this parasite which causes intense perianal itching.
question
Onchocera volvulus (River blindness)
answer
This parasite is detected in the skin snips from patients with raised skin nodules.
question
Taenia solium
answer
This parasite causes cysticerosis when the ova are ingested and cannot complete their life cycle.
question
Paragonimus westermani
answer
This parasite is often diagnosed by examining sputum samples because the adult worms live in the cystic cavities of the lungs.
question
Loeffler's media
answer
What media is used to grow Corynebacterium?
question
O antigen
answer
What antigen is used to identify Shigella?
question
C. glabrata
answer
What yeast is the most common cause of UTIs associated with yeast?
question
M. bovis
answer
What other AFB besides M. tuberculosis is known to cause tuberculosis?
question
Plasmodium vivax
answer
What species of Plasmodium is this? (Hint: It is 2x times larger than normal with Schuffner's dots present with an early ring form roughly 1/2 the diamter of the cell. It is the most common of the plasmodium species but is not as pathogenic as others).
question
Plasmodium Malariae
answer
What species of Plasmodium is this? (Hint: It has a few small ring forms and no Schuffner's dots. It is the least pathogenic form of malaria).
question
Plasmodium falciparum (malaria)
answer
What species of Plasmodium is this? (Hint: It has small comma like dots present has a bluish tinge to the cytoplasm and has delicate small rings with small chromatin dots. It is the most pathogenic form of malaria).
question
Plasmodium Ovale
answer
What species of Plasmodium is this? (Hint: It has RBCs that are larger than normal with irregular frayed edges, and there are large Schuffner's dots).
question
N. brasiliensis
answer
This Nocardia species will hydrolyze casin and tyrosine and is commonly found is South America.
question
Avoiding incidental light
answer
Collecting light at a right angle in a fluorometer helps with what?
question
To check and see if the nitrate remains unchanged
answer
Why is zinc added to nitrate reduction tests?
question
Cystine-tellurite blood agar
answer
What agar is used to isolate Corynebacterium diphtheriae?
question
Acquisition of new targets
answer
What is the mode of resistance associated with MRSA?
question
Enzymatic
answer
What is the mode of resistance associated with ESBLs?
question
Brevibacterium
answer
This gram positive bacillus has a rod-coccus cycle and is found in milk. It is associated with the aroma/color of some cheese.
question
Acremonium
answer
This fungi produces rapid growth and has slender conidiophores with oriental lead arrangement of the conidia. It is often considered a contaminant but may be a pathogen in compromised individuals
question
Yellow
answer
What is the color of a positive result in an OF medium.
question
Red (Mannitol non fermation)
answer
What color are Staphylococcus epidermidis colonies on mannitol salt agar?
question
Yellow (manitol fermation)
answer
What color are Staphylococcus aureus colonies on mannitol salt agar?
question
Phenicols
answer
What drugs are used to treated VRE Enterococcus?
question
Hansenula anomala
answer
These fungi are uncommon and have acid fast ascospores that are flattened with a distinct upper lip.
question
Aspergillus fumigatus
answer
This species of aspergillus is associated with the cornea, respiratory secretions, skin, ear and nasal sinuses.
question
Enterobius vermicularis
answer
This parasite is ovoid in shape with one side flattened. The embryo is seperated from the shell by a clear space.
question
Trichomonas vaginalis
answer
This is a highly motile organism with a characteristic pear shape. It has multiple anterior flagella and the nucleus is often apparent.
question
Schistosoma haematobium
answer
This parasite is an important factor in the etiology of carcinoma of the bladder. The ova are elongated and are 60 x 160 microns. They are yellowish in color, slightly transparent and possess a delicate terminal spine.
question
A, B, C, H, I, K, L W135, X, Y, Z 29E
answer
What are some common serogroups of N. meningitidis?
question
Enrichment media
answer
This type of media contains specific nutrients that enhance the growth of one organism over others.
question
M antigen
answer
What substance in Group A strep produces specific immunity?
question
6.5-7.5
answer
What pH do bacteria grow best at?
question
Inhibition of cell wall synthesis
answer
What is the mechanism of action of B-lactam antibiotics (Penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenams, monbactums)
question
Inhibtion of cell wall synthesis
answer
What is the mechanism of action of glycopeptides? (Vancomycin)
question
Inhibition of protein synthesis by the 30S subunit
answer
What is the mechanism of action of Aminoglycosides (gentamycin, tobramycin, amikacin)?
question
Inhibition of protein synthesis by the 30S subunit
answer
What is the mechanism of action of tetracyclines (tetracycline and doxycycline)
question
Inhibition of protein synthesis by the 50S subunit.
answer
What is the mechanism of action of chloramphenicol?
question
Inhibition of protein synthesis by the 50S subunit
answer
What is the mechanism of action of the macrolides (Erythromycin and clindamycin)?
question
Inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis
answer
What is the mechanism of action of the Quinolones (ciprofloxacin)
question
Analogue of folic acid (PABA)
answer
What is the mechanism of action of the sulfa drugs (sulfamethoxazole)
question
PYR, LAP, Bile esculin
answer
What are three common tests that are all positive for enterococcus?
question
Glucose and Maltose
answer
What does N. menigitidis ferment?
question
Glucose, maltose and lactose
answer
What does N. lactamica ferment?
question
caffeic acid
answer
What can be used to specifically identify Cryptococcus neoformas?
question
Cefoxitin
answer
What is used as a surrogate for mecA-mediated oxacillin resistance in S. aureus?
question
yes
answer
Can urine be used to test for tuberculosis?
question
Martin-Lewis agar
answer
This agar is a chocolate base combined with vancomycin, colistin, anisomycin and trimethoprim.
question
Nalidixic acid resistance
answer
What should be tested for in extraintestinal salmonella isolates?
question
Clavulanic acid
answer
What are ESBLs inhibited by?
question
Acanthamoeba
answer
What can cause amebic keratitis and also causes granulomatous amebic encephalitis.
question
Quantitative fecal fat
answer
What test requires a 72 hour stool collection?
question
Plasmid-mediated AmpC
answer
This resistance pattern show resistance to cefoxitin and all cephalosporins. Ertapenem and Imipenem are susceptible. Aztreonam is intermediate?
question
Strobila (made up of proglottids)
answer
What is the body of a cestatode called?
question
amastigotes
answer
What does Leishmania become inside of macrophages?
question
Heteroresistant
answer
This type of S. aureus strain is methicllin (oxacillin) resistant.
question
Enterococcus, H. influenzae & Neisseria gonorrhoeae
answer
What organisms are known to continually produce beta lactamases?
question
Nitrofur
answer
What antibiotic is used exclusively to treat UTIs?
question
Clidamycin, cephalosporins and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole
answer
What antibiotics may appear effective against enterococcus but are not actually effective?
question
Serratia
answer
This organism produces a red pigment and is a GI pathogen. It is DNAse positive
question
Klebsiella
answer
This is a lactose fermenting gram negative rod that is indole negative and is non motile.
question
Plesiomonas shigelloides
answer
What is the only oxidase positive member of the enterobacteriae class?
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Acinetobacter baumannii
answer
This gram negative coccobacillus is nitrate, oxidase and ONPG negative and catalase negative.
question
liquid media
answer
What medium to AFB grow the best in?
question
28S rRNA
answer
What ribosomal subunit is used to identify fungi?
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