microbiology ch 22

Why is the production of a vaccine for the common cold so difficult?

The majority of cases of pneumonia are caused by

A pneumonia caused by Gram-positive diplococci is known as

Which of the following is an opportunistic infection?

Neutrophils are inhibited from gathering at the site of infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis by what virulence factor of the pathogen?

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding tuberculosis?

Bordetella pertussis causes whooping cough by

The DTaP vaccine protects against which of the following respiratory diseases?

Even though mycoplasmas pass through filters that normally trap bacteria, they are known to be bacteria, not viruses, because they

Which of the following factors is primarily responsible for the ability of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to survive long periods of time in dried droplets of respiratory aerosols?

A nursing student develops a positive reaction to the tuberculin skin test. A history reveals possible exposure to patients with tuberculosis. A sputum sample is acid-fast negative. When asked for vaccination records, the student reports that childhood vaccination records were lost when the family emigrated from a Southeast Asian country. What is the best explanation for the test results?

Which of the following diseases is NOT correctly matched with a diagnostic feature or test that distinguishes it?

Which of the following diseases is NOT correctly matched with a pathogen that causes it?

A nursing student has been given a tuberculin test prior to doing his clinical practicum at a nursing home. After about 36 hours, he notices a hard, red swelling at the test site. Which of the following is NOT a possible conclusion from this result?

Which of the following virulence factors is NOT correctly paired with its function?

What is most likely to occur in a patient infected with a mutant strain of Bordetella pertussis that lacks functional adhesins?

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding infection with Mycoplasma pneumoniae?

Recent outbreaks of multidrug-resistant HAI are primarily caused by members of the genus (Bordetella/ Klebsiella/Mycobacteria), Gram-negative opportunists.

A type of pneumonia in which the alveoli and bronchioles become filled with pus is (emphysema/empyema/pleurisy).

When macrophages carry Mycobacterium tuberculosis to sites such as the bone marrow and spleen it results in (disseminated/secondary/reactivated) tuberculosis.

Inflammation of the pharynx with pus-filled abscesses and swollen tonsils is known as

The designation "group A," used to help classify Streptococcus pyogenes, refers to this bacterium's

Which of the following allows group A streptococci to spread through tissues by breaking down blood clots?

Which of the following Streptococcus pyogenes virulence factors kills leukocytes and erythrocytes?

Pathogenic streptococci of the upper respiratory tract (such as Streptococcus pyogenes) are distinguished from non-pathogenic streptococci by

Diphtheria toxin kills cells by interfering with which of the following processes?

Which of the following statements is TRUE concerning diphtheria?

Which of the following is a common cause of otitis media?

Which of the following causes the characteristic arrangement of Corynebacterium diphtheriae cells when viewed on a slide?

A key diagnostic sign of diphtheria is the presence of the (pseudomembrane/pharyngitis/rash/tubercle).

Why are nearly all AIDS patients at risk of developing Pneumocystis pneumonia?

Exposure to large accumulations of bird dropping may result in which of the following mycoses?

T/F Cold viruses are prevented from infecting most areas of the body because these areas are either too warm or too acidic.

The attachment protein for almost all rhinoviruses is (BCG/ICAM-1/IgA). (Be sure your answer is in uppercase letters.)

Which of the following organisms causes primary atypical pneumonia?

The smallest free-living microbes are (mycobacteria/mycoplasmas/Chlamydophila).

Strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis designated as (BCG/MDR/XDR) strains are resistant in vitro to three or more antitubercular drugs in addition to isoniazid and rifampin. (Be sure to use uppercase letters in your answer.)

Croup is often a result of infection with which of the following?

Pathogenic streptococci in the upper respiratory tract are distinguishable from nonpathogenic streptococci because they completely lyse blood cells. This is called __________.

Which of the following is NOT associated with fever production?

Glycoprotein spikes on the exterior of some viruses, such as influenza virus, are used to __________.

Pleomorphic bacteria __________.

Some bacteria make an M protein that destabilizes complement C3b. What is the main effect of this protein on host defenses?

An infected person who is asymptomatic is called a __________.

Which of the following is known as the secretory antibody and is found in mucus of the respiratory tract?

Which of the following drugs would be most useful against a fungal infection?

The bacterium that causes diphtheria is Gram-positive and produces a toxin that is coded for by phage genes. Which is NOT a correct conclusion from this statement?

The tuberculin skin test described in this chapter depends on the activity of sensitized T cells and requires 24-72 hours to develop. This means that it is which of the following?

Which of the following is NOT a structure of the nasal cavity?

Lactoferrin __________.

The lower respiratory system normally lacks microbes because of all of the following EXCEPT __________.

Rhinosinusitis is also known as __________.

All mycoplasma organisms __________.

Viral infections do not respond to typical antibiotic treatment. Why not?

A reemerging disease __________.

An organism that attacks the alveolar membrane __________.

To quickly and accurately diagnose which strain of the influenza virus a person has, a laboratory would perform __________.

You go to the doctor's complaining of a sore throat. He prescribes a course of oral penicillin to treat the infection. Two days later, your throat feels much better. Which type of pathogen was most likely responsible for your sore throat?

T/F Any inflammation of the lungs in which the alveoli and bronchioles fill with fluid is called pleurisy.

Which of the following is NOT true of RSV infection?

T/F Vaccination is possible for some varieties of the common cold.

Glycoprotein spikes on the exterior of some viruses, such as influenzavirus, are used to __________.

All of the following can be used to treat mycoplasma infections EXCEPT __________.

Which of the following modes of transmission is LEAST likely to transmit the common cold?

Rodents are a significant means of transmission of which of the following pathogens?

T/F The tuberculosis vaccine is not routinely used in the United States because it is NOT very effective.

T/F A person can have strep throat more than once.

T/F Pneumocystis pneumonia is caused by a fungus.

Which of the following does NOT contribute to the virulence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

T/F Once mycobacteria enter the body, they can NEVER be completely killed by the immune system.

T/F Consumption was the term used to describe diphtheria in the early 1900s.

Which of the following diseases can be caused by only certain strains of Streptococcus pyogenes?

All of the following are true statements concerning Legionella (Legionnaires' disease) EXCEPT that __________.

T/F Cold viruses can infect any area of the body, although they cause symptoms only when they reproduce in the upper respiratory tract.

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