question
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is
A. found in soil and water.
B. an opportunist that produces many diverse enzymes.
C. highly chemical resistant.
D. motile.
E. All of these choices are correct.
A. found in soil and water.
B. an opportunist that produces many diverse enzymes.
C. highly chemical resistant.
D. motile.
E. All of these choices are correct.
answer
E
question
Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes all the following, except
A. severe nosocomial infection in burn patients.
B. skin rashes from contaminated hot tubs and bath sponges.
C. diarrheal illness.
D. external ear infection.
E. serious infection in lung tissue of cystic fibrosis patients.
A. severe nosocomial infection in burn patients.
B. skin rashes from contaminated hot tubs and bath sponges.
C. diarrheal illness.
D. external ear infection.
E. serious infection in lung tissue of cystic fibrosis patients.
answer
C
question
Which color pigment is produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa?
A. lemon yellow
B. red-orange
C. golden
D. blue-green
E. pale orange
A. lemon yellow
B. red-orange
C. golden
D. blue-green
E. pale orange
answer
D
question
Brucellosis is
A. a zoonosis.
B. seen in the patient as a fluctuating fever, with headache, muscle pain, and weakness.
C. associated with pathogen in the blood.
D. an occupational illness of people that work with animals.
E. All of these choices are correct.
A. a zoonosis.
B. seen in the patient as a fluctuating fever, with headache, muscle pain, and weakness.
C. associated with pathogen in the blood.
D. an occupational illness of people that work with animals.
E. All of these choices are correct.
answer
E
question
Which is not associated with tularemia?
A. The causative agent is a pathogen of concern on the lists of bioterrorism agents.
B. Tularemia is transmitted by arthropod vectors.
C. The reservoir can be rabbits and squirrels.
D. Symptoms include fever, swollen lymph nodes, ulcerative lesions, conjunctivitis, and pneumonia. E. In animals, tularemia infects the placenta and fetus.
A. The causative agent is a pathogen of concern on the lists of bioterrorism agents.
B. Tularemia is transmitted by arthropod vectors.
C. The reservoir can be rabbits and squirrels.
D. Symptoms include fever, swollen lymph nodes, ulcerative lesions, conjunctivitis, and pneumonia. E. In animals, tularemia infects the placenta and fetus.
answer
E
question
Pasteurization of milk helps to prevent
A. tularemia.
B. pertussis.
C. legionellosis.
D. brucellosis.
E. shigellosis.
A. tularemia.
B. pertussis.
C. legionellosis.
D. brucellosis.
E. shigellosis.
answer
D
question
Rabbits and rodents are the reservoirs of the causative agent of
A. tularemia.
B. pertussis.
C. legionellosis.
D. brucellosis.
E. shigellosis.
A. tularemia.
B. pertussis.
C. legionellosis.
D. brucellosis.
E. shigellosis.
answer
A
question
Pertussis has the following characteristics, except
A. the pathogen has virulence factors to destroy the action of respiratory cilia.
B. the catarrhal stage has persistent, hacking coughs with "whoops".
C. an early stage resembles a cold with nasal discharge and sneezing.
D. DTAP immunization will prevent it.
E. transmission is by respiratory droplets
A. the pathogen has virulence factors to destroy the action of respiratory cilia.
B. the catarrhal stage has persistent, hacking coughs with "whoops".
C. an early stage resembles a cold with nasal discharge and sneezing.
D. DTAP immunization will prevent it.
E. transmission is by respiratory droplets
answer
B
question
Legionella pneumophila
A. requires special lab growth media.
B. often lives in close associations with amoebas.
C. causes fever, cough, and diarrhea.
D. causes a severe pneumonia.
E. All of these choices are correct.
A. requires special lab growth media.
B. often lives in close associations with amoebas.
C. causes fever, cough, and diarrhea.
D. causes a severe pneumonia.
E. All of these choices are correct.
answer
E
question
Characteristics of all the members of the family Enterobacteriaceae include
A. lactose fermentation.
B. their role as normal flora of human intestines.
C. production of enterotoxins.
D. glucose fermentation.
E. All of these choices are correct.
A. lactose fermentation.
B. their role as normal flora of human intestines.
C. production of enterotoxins.
D. glucose fermentation.
E. All of these choices are correct.
answer
D
question
Which disease involves transmission by aerosolized water from whirlpool spas, air conditioners, cooling towers, and supermarket vegetable misters?
A. legionellosis
B. pertussis
C. brucellosis
D. plague
E. traveler's diarrhea
A. legionellosis
B. pertussis
C. brucellosis
D. plague
E. traveler's diarrhea
answer
A
question
Genes for which of the following may be transferred between fecal bacteria?
A. toxin production
B. capsules
C. fimbriae
D. hemolysins
E. All of these choices are correct.
A. toxin production
B. capsules
C. fimbriae
D. hemolysins
E. All of these choices are correct.
answer
E
question
Escherichia coli infections
A. are often transmitted by fecal contaminated water and food.
B. include urinary tract infections from normal flora strains.
C. involve enterotoxin in traveler's diarrhea.
D. can cause an inflammatory disease similar to Shigella dysentery.
E. All of these choices are correct.
A. are often transmitted by fecal contaminated water and food.
B. include urinary tract infections from normal flora strains.
C. involve enterotoxin in traveler's diarrhea.
D. can cause an inflammatory disease similar to Shigella dysentery.
E. All of these choices are correct.
answer
E
question
Which is mismatched?
A. H antigen - fimbriae
B. K antigen capsule
C. O antigen - cell wall, somatic
D. All of these choices are correct.
A. H antigen - fimbriae
B. K antigen capsule
C. O antigen - cell wall, somatic
D. All of these choices are correct.
answer
A
question
E. coli 0157:H7 characteristics include all the following, except
A. it only causes occupational illness in people who work with animals.
B. it is transmitted by ingestion of contaminated, undercooked food, especially hamburger.
C. it causes a bloody diarrhea.
D. its reservoir is cattle intestines.
E. some cases go on to hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) with possible kidney failure.
A. it only causes occupational illness in people who work with animals.
B. it is transmitted by ingestion of contaminated, undercooked food, especially hamburger.
C. it causes a bloody diarrhea.
D. its reservoir is cattle intestines.
E. some cases go on to hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) with possible kidney failure.
answer
A
question
Salmonella are
A. coliforms.
B. motile.
C. gram-positive rods.
D. lactose fermenters.
E. All of these choices are correct.
A. coliforms.
B. motile.
C. gram-positive rods.
D. lactose fermenters.
E. All of these choices are correct.
answer
B
question
All of the following are coliforms that cause opportunistic and nosocomial infections, except
A. Enterobacter.
B. Citrobacter.
C. Shigella.
D. Klebsiella.
E. Serratia.
A. Enterobacter.
B. Citrobacter.
C. Shigella.
D. Klebsiella.
E. Serratia.
answer
C
question
Typhoid fever has the following characteristics, except
A. it is spread by handling reptiles.
B. it is transmitted by ingesting fecally contaminated food and water.
C. chronic carriers harbor the pathogens in their gallbladder.
D. it can infect the small intestine with fever, diarrhea, and abdominal pain.
E. it can become a septicemia, spread to lymph nodes and spleen, and cause liver abscesses.
A. it is spread by handling reptiles.
B. it is transmitted by ingesting fecally contaminated food and water.
C. chronic carriers harbor the pathogens in their gallbladder.
D. it can infect the small intestine with fever, diarrhea, and abdominal pain.
E. it can become a septicemia, spread to lymph nodes and spleen, and cause liver abscesses.
answer
A
question
Salmonelloses are
A. not caused by Salmonella typhi.
B. associated with undercooked poultry and eggs, and reptile and rodent feces.
C. gastroenteritis with vomiting and diarrhea.
D. enteric fevers that often include septicemia.
E. All of these choices are correct.
A. not caused by Salmonella typhi.
B. associated with undercooked poultry and eggs, and reptile and rodent feces.
C. gastroenteritis with vomiting and diarrhea.
D. enteric fevers that often include septicemia.
E. All of these choices are correct.
answer
E
question
Which is incorrect about shigellosis?
A. Outbreaks have occurred in day-care centers.
B. It is characterized by watery diarrhea with bloody, mucoid stools, and abdominal cramps.
C. It frequently involves septicemia.
D. Human carriers cause fecal transmission.
E. It is also called bacillary dysentery.
A. Outbreaks have occurred in day-care centers.
B. It is characterized by watery diarrhea with bloody, mucoid stools, and abdominal cramps.
C. It frequently involves septicemia.
D. Human carriers cause fecal transmission.
E. It is also called bacillary dysentery.
answer
C
question
Shigella species have the following characteristics, except
A. they are non-motile.
B. they release endotoxin.
C. they belong to Enterobacteriaceae.
D. they infect the small intestine.
E. they produce enterotoxin.
A. they are non-motile.
B. they release endotoxin.
C. they belong to Enterobacteriaceae.
D. they infect the small intestine.
E. they produce enterotoxin.
answer
D
question
Salmonella typhi
A. multiplies within phagocytes.
B. is not a coliform.
C. can be treated with antimicrobics.
D. causes invasive infection of the small intestine.
E. All of these choices are correct.
A. multiplies within phagocytes.
B. is not a coliform.
C. can be treated with antimicrobics.
D. causes invasive infection of the small intestine.
E. All of these choices are correct.
answer
E
question
Yersinia pestis
A. was virulent in the Middle Ages but is no longer virulent.
B. has humans as an endemic reservoir.
C. does not respond to antimicrobic drugs.
D. is usually transmitted by a flea vector.
E. All of these choices are correct.
A. was virulent in the Middle Ages but is no longer virulent.
B. has humans as an endemic reservoir.
C. does not respond to antimicrobic drugs.
D. is usually transmitted by a flea vector.
E. All of these choices are correct.
answer
D
question
All of the following are associated with bubonic plague, except
A. it is transmitted by human feces.
B. it is caused by Yersinia pestis.
C. the patient often has enlarged inguinal lymph nodes.
D. the patient has fever, headache, nausea, weakness.
E. it can progress to a septicemia.
A. it is transmitted by human feces.
B. it is caused by Yersinia pestis.
C. the patient often has enlarged inguinal lymph nodes.
D. the patient has fever, headache, nausea, weakness.
E. it can progress to a septicemia.
answer
A
question
Which of the following are true about plague?
A. There is a septicemic form called the Black Death.
B. There is a bubonic form, during which buboes develop.
C. There is a pneumonic form, in which the sputum is highly contagious.
D. The disease can be controlled by controlling the rodent population.
E. All of these choices are correct.
A. There is a septicemic form called the Black Death.
B. There is a bubonic form, during which buboes develop.
C. There is a pneumonic form, in which the sputum is highly contagious.
D. The disease can be controlled by controlling the rodent population.
E. All of these choices are correct.
answer
E
question
The gram-negative bacillus associated with abscesses from dog and cat bites or scratches is
A. Salmonella typhimurium.
B. Yersinia enterocolitica.
C. Pasteurella multocida.
D. Brucella suis.
A. Salmonella typhimurium.
B. Yersinia enterocolitica.
C. Pasteurella multocida.
D. Brucella suis.
answer
C
question
Which is incorrect about Yersinia pestis?
A. It exhibits bipolar staining.
B. It is a gram-negative rod.
C. It produces coagulase enzyme.
D. It has a capsule.
E. It produces enterotoxin.
A. It exhibits bipolar staining.
B. It is a gram-negative rod.
C. It produces coagulase enzyme.
D. It has a capsule.
E. It produces enterotoxin.
answer
E
question
Which of the following is not caused by Haemophilus influenzae?
A. bacterial meningitis
B. influenza (flu)
C. otitis media
D. bronchitis
E. epiglottitis
A. bacterial meningitis
B. influenza (flu)
C. otitis media
D. bronchitis
E. epiglottitis
answer
B
question
Which of the following is an agent of the sexually-transmitted disease chancroid?
A. Haemophilus aegyptius
B. Haemophilus influenzae
C. Haemophilus parainfluenzae
D. Haemophilus ducreyi
E. Haemophilus aphrophilus
A. Haemophilus aegyptius
B. Haemophilus influenzae
C. Haemophilus parainfluenzae
D. Haemophilus ducreyi
E. Haemophilus aphrophilus
answer
D
question
The vaccine for immunity to Haemophilus influenzae serotype b is
A. DtaP.
B. Pneumovax.
C. MMR.
D. Hib.
A. DtaP.
B. Pneumovax.
C. MMR.
D. Hib.
answer
D
question
Although Burkholderia cepacia could be very useful in bioremediation programs, it is not feasible to use it. Why?
A. Because it can cause opportunistic infections in the respiratory tract.
B. Because it cannot be cultured in the lab to necessary numbers.
C. Because it is too expensive at this time to grow it.
D. It encourages the overgrowth of fungus in the environment, which is not desirable.
E. It produces a foul odor making it a poor choice for most situations.
A. Because it can cause opportunistic infections in the respiratory tract.
B. Because it cannot be cultured in the lab to necessary numbers.
C. Because it is too expensive at this time to grow it.
D. It encourages the overgrowth of fungus in the environment, which is not desirable.
E. It produces a foul odor making it a poor choice for most situations.
answer
A
question
Which of the following is normal oral and nasopharyngeal flora but is involved in infective endocarditis in adults who have underlying congenital or rheumatic heart disease?
A. Haemophilus influenzae
B. Haemophilus aphrophilus
C. Haemophilus aegyptius
D. Haemophilus ducreyi
E. All of these choices are correct.
A. Haemophilus influenzae
B. Haemophilus aphrophilus
C. Haemophilus aegyptius
D. Haemophilus ducreyi
E. All of these choices are correct.
answer
B
question
A cause of epiglottitis in children and young adults is
A. Haemophilus influenzae.
B. Haemophilus ducreyi.
C. Haemophilus aegyptius.
D. Haemophilus parainfluenzae.
E. Haemophilus aphrophilus.
A. Haemophilus influenzae.
B. Haemophilus ducreyi.
C. Haemophilus aegyptius.
D. Haemophilus parainfluenzae.
E. Haemophilus aphrophilus.
answer
A
question
Chancroid is characterized by
A. sexually transmission.
B. geographical distribution in the tropics and subtropics.
C. lesions which develop at the portal of entry.
D. bubo-like swelling of the lymph nodes.
E. All of these choices are correct.
A. sexually transmission.
B. geographical distribution in the tropics and subtropics.
C. lesions which develop at the portal of entry.
D. bubo-like swelling of the lymph nodes.
E. All of these choices are correct.
answer
E
question
All of the following are correct about salmonelloses except
A. non-typhoidal strains of salmonella are zoonotic in origin.
B. foods contaminated by rodent feces may cause outbreaks.
C. outbreaks have been caused by eggs.
D. drug resistance of salmonella is on the rise.
E. Strains are normal fiora in dogs & cats
A. non-typhoidal strains of salmonella are zoonotic in origin.
B. foods contaminated by rodent feces may cause outbreaks.
C. outbreaks have been caused by eggs.
D. drug resistance of salmonella is on the rise.
E. Strains are normal fiora in dogs & cats
answer
E
question
Nationwide, over 100,000 patients a year die from septic shock. This is due to
A. the presence of lipopolysaccharide in the outer membrane of bacteria.
B. lipoteichoic acid in the cell wall of bacteria.
C. a cytotoxin similar to the diphtheria toxin.
D. coagulase.
E. a neurotoxin similar to botulin.
A. the presence of lipopolysaccharide in the outer membrane of bacteria.
B. lipoteichoic acid in the cell wall of bacteria.
C. a cytotoxin similar to the diphtheria toxin.
D. coagulase.
E. a neurotoxin similar to botulin.
answer
A
question
Which of the following are symptoms of septic shock?
A. tachycardia
B. reduced blood flow to vital organs
C. respiratory failure
D. weak pulse
E. All of these choices are correct.
A. tachycardia
B. reduced blood flow to vital organs
C. respiratory failure
D. weak pulse
E. All of these choices are correct.
answer
E
question
What is incorrect about pertussis?
A. A virulence factor of B. pertussis is toxins that destroy cilia cells is produced.
B. The source of infection is direct contact with inhaled droplets.
C. The paroxysmal stage is characterized by persistent coughing.
D. The number of cases is steadily decreasing since 1976.
E. It can cause severe, life-threatening complications in babies.
A. A virulence factor of B. pertussis is toxins that destroy cilia cells is produced.
B. The source of infection is direct contact with inhaled droplets.
C. The paroxysmal stage is characterized by persistent coughing.
D. The number of cases is steadily decreasing since 1976.
E. It can cause severe, life-threatening complications in babies.
answer
D
question
The buildup of mucus and blockage of airways in pertussis is due to
A. endotoxin.
B. lipopolysaccharide.
C. toxins that destroy the ciliated cells of the respiratory tract.
D. Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
E. the presence of a capsule.
A. endotoxin.
B. lipopolysaccharide.
C. toxins that destroy the ciliated cells of the respiratory tract.
D. Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
E. the presence of a capsule.
answer
C
question
Which of the following species was once considered so benign that microbiologists used it to trace movements of air currents in hospitals and over cities?
A. Morganella
B. Providencia
C. Citrobacter
D. Serratia
E. Legionella
A. Morganella
B. Providencia
C. Citrobacter
D. Serratia
E. Legionella
answer
D
question
Up to 70% of travel-associated gastrointestinal diseases are caused by
A. enterotoxigenic strains of E. coli.
B. Salmonella.
C. Shigella dysenteriae.
D. E. coli 0157:H7.
E. enteroinvasive E. coli
A. enterotoxigenic strains of E. coli.
B. Salmonella.
C. Shigella dysenteriae.
D. E. coli 0157:H7.
E. enteroinvasive E. coli
answer
A
question
Which bacteria could be responsible for hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)?
A. eterotoxigeic strains of E. coli
B. Salmonella
C. Shigella dysenteriae
D. E. coli 0157:H7
E. eteroinvasive E. coli
A. eterotoxigeic strains of E. coli
B. Salmonella
C. Shigella dysenteriae
D. E. coli 0157:H7
E. eteroinvasive E. coli
answer
D
question
Which of the following is not correct concerning Legionnaires'disease?
A. L. pneumophila lives in close associations with free-living amoebas.
B. The disease is communicable from person to person.
C. Symptoms include cough, diarrhea, and abdominal pain.
D. It is more common in males over 50 years of age.
E. Cases have been traced to the fallout from the Mount Saint Helen's volcano.
A. L. pneumophila lives in close associations with free-living amoebas.
B. The disease is communicable from person to person.
C. Symptoms include cough, diarrhea, and abdominal pain.
D. It is more common in males over 50 years of age.
E. Cases have been traced to the fallout from the Mount Saint Helen's volcano.
answer
B
question
Which of the following is not correct concerning the plague?
A. Mice, voles, and other rodents are primary long-term reservoirs.
B. It is transmitted by flea vectors.
C. Less than 10 cases per year occur in the U.S.
D. The etiological agent is Yersinia pestis.
E. Strains of the plague bacillus are less virulent today compared to strains prevalent in the Middle Ages.
A. Mice, voles, and other rodents are primary long-term reservoirs.
B. It is transmitted by flea vectors.
C. Less than 10 cases per year occur in the U.S.
D. The etiological agent is Yersinia pestis.
E. Strains of the plague bacillus are less virulent today compared to strains prevalent in the Middle Ages.
answer
E
question
Although this bacteria is typically found in soil and water, burn wound patients are susceptible to infection,
A. Yersinia pestis
B. Bordetella pertussis
C. Pseudomonas
D. E. coli 0157:H7
E. Shigella
A. Yersinia pestis
B. Bordetella pertussis
C. Pseudomonas
D. E. coli 0157:H7
E. Shigella
answer
C
question
Whooping cough is transmitted via respiratory droplets. The ______ stage lasts 1-2 weeks, while the _____ stage is characterized by severe coughing.
A. primary; secondary
B. catarrhal; paroxysmal
C. incubation; convalescent
D. low T-cell; high macrophage
E. incubation; invasion
A. primary; secondary
B. catarrhal; paroxysmal
C. incubation; convalescent
D. low T-cell; high macrophage
E. incubation; invasion
answer
B
question
Whooping cough is transmitted via respiratory droplets. The ? stage lasts 1-2 weeks, while the ? stage is characterized by severe coughing.
A. primary; secondary
B. catarrhal; paroxysmal
C. incubation; convalescent
D. low T-cell; high macrophage
E. incubation; invasion
A. primary; secondary
B. catarrhal; paroxysmal
C. incubation; convalescent
D. low T-cell; high macrophage
E. incubation; invasion
answer
B
question
E. coli 0157:H7 and E. coli O111:H7 differ in their
A. Gram reaction.
B. capsular antigen.
C. flagellar antigen.
D. cell wall antigen.
A. Gram reaction.
B. capsular antigen.
C. flagellar antigen.
D. cell wall antigen.
answer
D
question
The designation CRE refers to
A. a group of bacteria that are resistant to many classes of antibiotics.
B. an antibiotic that is effective against most gram-negative organisms.
C. a number of gram-negative bacteria which frequently cause infections in childhood.
D. a common methodology used in hospital inspections to enumerate and destroy bacteria on surfaces- count, record, eliminate.
A. a group of bacteria that are resistant to many classes of antibiotics.
B. an antibiotic that is effective against most gram-negative organisms.
C. a number of gram-negative bacteria which frequently cause infections in childhood.
D. a common methodology used in hospital inspections to enumerate and destroy bacteria on surfaces- count, record, eliminate.
answer
A
question
Occasionally when doing serologic testing to identify strains of Salmonella isolates, the test for different O antigens is negative. What is the most likely explanation?
A. The H antigens are masking the O antigens.
B. The K antigens are masking the O antigens.
C. The K antigens are maskng the H antigens.
D. There is no O antigen present.
A. The H antigens are masking the O antigens.
B. The K antigens are masking the O antigens.
C. The K antigens are maskng the H antigens.
D. There is no O antigen present.
answer
B
question
Species of Shigella are characteristically non-motile. Based on this information you can predict that members of the Shigella genus
A. have K antigens.
B. do not have H antigens.
C. will not grow on MacConkey agar.
D. will not have O antigens.
A. have K antigens.
B. do not have H antigens.
C. will not grow on MacConkey agar.
D. will not have O antigens.
answer
B
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