question
Colonization factors
answer
proteins that allow bacteria to colonize certain parts of the body
question
Helicobacter pylori
answer
survives in acidic stomach by producing urease to neutralize the acid
question
Invasion factors
answer
allow for host membrane breakdown and for the bacteria to pass into host cells
question
immune response blockers
answer
inhibit the host immune system defenses
question
Coagulases
answer
enzymes that produce fibrin from firbrinogen at the site of infection
question
DNAse
answer
lyse DNA, neutrophils spit out nets of DNA to capture invading bacteria
question
Hemolysis
answer
breakdown of red blood cells
question
Gamma hemolysis
answer
no change around or under isolated colonies
question
Alpha hemolysis
answer
change around isolated colonies, brownish or greenish circular zones around colonies
question
Beta hemolysis
answer
Change around isolated colonies, clear zones around colonies
question
What indicates a localized bacterial infection
answer
high number of neutrophils
question
What indicates a viral infection
answer
high numbers of lymphocytes
question
What indicates a parasitic infection
answer
high numbers of eosinophils
question
PCR
answer
to test for the presence/absence of a gene
question
PFGE
answer
to compare the relatedness of different isolates
question
What catalase determines staph
answer
positive
question
What catalase determines strep
answer
negative
question
Selective media
answer
distinguishes bacteria by preventing some types of bacteria from growing
question
Differential media
answer
distinguishes bacteria by using some visual marker but does not inhibit growth
question
What type of bacteria grows on a Mannitol salt agar plate
answer
Gram positive cocci
question
What type of bacteria grows on a MacConkey agar plate
answer
Gram negative
Distinguishes between lactose and non lactose
Distinguishes between lactose and non lactose
question
Antigens
answer
specific components of the pathogen which are recognized by the immune system
question
Antibodies
answer
recognize and bind to certain antigens
question
Epitope
answer
specific nucleotide sequence expressed on antigen
question
Direct ELISA
answer
detects antigens
question
Indirect ELISA
answer
Detect antibodies
question
TSA media
answer
general purpose
question
Sheep blood
answer
differential by hemolysis
question
MacConkey agar
answer
both S and D, distinguishes btwn lactose fermentor vs non
question
Hektoen-Enteric agar
answer
both s and d, distinguishes btwn lactose fermentor vs non
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