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scientific method
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the dispassionate development and testing of theories about how the world works.
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model
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a highly simplified representation of a more complicated reality.
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circular-flow diagram
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visual model of the economy, shows how dollars flow through markets among households and firms.
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factors of production
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the resources the economy uses to produce goods and services.
labor, land, and capital.
this is what firms do
labor, land, and capital.
this is what firms do
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Households
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own the factors of production and consume all the G + S that the firms produce
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production possibilities frontier
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a graph that shows the combinations of two goods the economy can possibly produce given the available resources and technology.
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slope of the PPF.
rise/run
rise/run
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how to find the opportunity cost of an item using PPF
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microeconomics
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the study of how households and firms make decisions and how they interact in markets
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macroeconomics
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the study of economy-wide phenomena, including inflation, unemployment, and economic growth.
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positive statements
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attempt to describe the world as it is
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normative statements
(opinion, can not be refuted)
(opinion, can not be refuted)
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attempt to describe how the world should be.
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Firms
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...
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market for G + S
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households are buyers, and firms are sellers. Households buy the output of G + S that firms produce
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markets for the factors of production
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household are sellers and firms are buyers. Households provide the inputs that firms use to produce goods and services