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Marginal Physical Products:
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The additional output from using one more unit of labor.
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Ceteris paribus, the law of diminishing returns states the beyond some point the:
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Marginal physical product of a variable input declines as more of it is used.
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Which of the following is most likely a fixed cost?
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Property taxes
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In the long run, a company will stay in business as long as price is:
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Greater than or equal to average total costs.
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The main difference to an economist between "short run" and "long run" is that:
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In the long run all resources are variable where as in the short run at least one resource is fixed.
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In defining costs, economists recognize:
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Explicit and implicit costs while accountants recognize only explicit costs.
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Competitive firms cannot individually affect market price because:
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Their individual production is insignificant relative to the production of the industry.
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If there are only 4 companies that produce tennis balls, the market could be considered
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An oligopoly
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If price is greater than marginal cost, a perfectly competitive firm should increase output because additional units of output will:
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Add to the firms profits (or reduce losses)
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In a competitive market, in the long run, economic profits will cause:
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new firms to enter into the market.
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In a competitive market with economic profits, equilibrium:
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Price will fall as new firms enter the market.
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In the long run, a perfectly competitive market with economic losses will experience:
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An increase in equilibrium quantity as firms exit.
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Obstacles that make it difficult or impossible for additional producers to being producing or selling in a new market are known as:
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Barriers to entry.
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The NEWSWIRE article in the text titled "Flat Panels, Thin Margins", says that the prices for flat-panel TVs are falling. Which of the following is likely a reason why prices are decreasing?
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Market supply has shifted to the right because more firms have entered the market.
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Which of the following groups correctly ranks market structure from most competitive to least competitive?
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Perfect competition, monopolistic competition, oligopoly, monopoly.
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Suppose a monopoly firm produces a medical device and can sell 15 items per month at a price of $2,000 each. In order to increase sales by one item per month, the monopolist must lower the price of the medical device by $100 to $1,900. The marginal revenue of the 16th item is:
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$400
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Total profit can be calculated as:
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The difference between price and average total cost multiplied by the quantity sold.
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Which of the following is consistent with a monopoly industry?
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Barriers to entry keep potential competitors out fo the market.
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Which of the following is an argument is support of monopolies?
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They are protected from competition so they have greater ability to pursue research and development.
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A natural monopoly is a firm that:
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Can produce the entire market supply more efficiently than any number of smaller firms.
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If American Airlines engages in predatory pricing, it might:
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Lower fares when a new carrier enters the market and then raises fares once the new carrier is driven out of business.
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The labor supply curve depicts the quantity of _____ at alternative _______.
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Labor supplies; wage rates.
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The opportunity cost of working is the:
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Value of leisure time that is given up in the process
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A firm's demand for labor is referred to as a derived demand because it is derived from the:
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Demand for the product that labor produces.
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If the MPP of the last worker hired is 3 units per hour, product price is constant at $5 per unit, and the wage rate is $18 per hour, then:
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The last worker hired should not be employed because she costs more than she is worth.
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If the government decides to raise the minimum wage, ceteris paribus:
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Some workers are better off and some are worse off.
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Market failure occurs when:
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An imperfection in the market mechanism prevents an optimal outcome
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If the economy relies entirely on markets to answer the WHAT question, it tends to:
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Overproduce private goods and under produce public goods.
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Other things being equal if a perfectly competitive firm is forced to switch to a more expensive nonpolluting production process:
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Total profits will decrease.
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A firm that incurs an emissions charge for polluting will install more pollution control equipment only if the:
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Emissions charge exceeds the increased cost of installing the equipment.
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Market power is a form of market failure because:
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Competition is restricted, output is reduced, and the price is higher.
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Government intervention in the economy
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May fix market failures or make the economy worse off.