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Fermentation
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anaerobic pathway for breakdown of glucose
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Lactic acid Fermentation, Alcohol, Acetic acid, Butyric
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Types of Fermentation
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...
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Important product of fermentation of ethanol
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...
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Important product of fermentation of glycerol
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Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB)
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Organisms responsible for fermentation
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Coagulase Positive Organisms:
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Staphylococcus aureus, S. pseudintermedius, S. intermedius, S. schleiferi, S. delphini, S. hyicus, S. lutrae, S. hyicus
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Coagulase Negative Organisms
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Staphylococcus epidermidis S. saprophyticus S. warneri S. hominis S. caprae
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Oxidase Positive Organisms
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Pseudomonas, Neisseria, Alcaligens, Aeromonas, Campylobacte, Vibrio, Brucella, Pasteurella, Moraxella, Helicobacter pylori, Legionella pneumophila
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Oxidase Negative Organisms
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Enterobacteriaceae (Salmonella, E. coli, Y. pestis, Klebsiella, Shigella, Proteus, Enterobacter, Serratia, and Citrobacter) and Haemophilus.
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Gordon and Mcleod's reagents
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1% dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride, in water
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Stock Culture
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a culture stored for use as an inoculum in later procedures
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Fragmentation, Budding, Producing Spores
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Asexual means of fungal reproduction
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Karyogamy, Plasmogamy, Meiosis, Homothallic, Heterothallic mycelia
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Sexual means of fungal reproduction
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Primary nd Opportunistic
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Classifications of Mycoses based on virulence
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Exogenous and Endogenous
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Classifications of Mycoses based on acquisition
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Candida and Sporothrix
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Gram - staining which fungal detection
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Penicillins and cephalosporins
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antimicrobial agents that inhibits the cell wall
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Polymyxin B
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Antimicrobial agents acts by the permeability of cell membrane
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Antimicrobial agents that inhibits protein synthesis
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Aminoglycosides, Tetracycline, Chloramphenicol-bacteriostatic, Grm + and -, Macrolides-Erythromycin, Azithromycin, Clarithromycin, Lincinoids-Clindamycin, Gentamycin, Kanamycin
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Efflux Pump, Inactivation of Enzymes, Blocked Penetration, Target Modification
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Mechanisms that involves inhibiting the accumulation of antimicrobial drug which inhibits the drug reading its cellular target
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Characteristic of good antimicrobial agent
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Kill or inhibit microbial agent Broad Spectrum No Adverse Effect Stable Remain to specific body tissues long enough Kill or inhibit microbial agent before it mutates Selective toxicity
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Transformation
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Methods of gene exchange transfer of liquid and naked DNA or free DNA
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Nalidixic acid, oxolinic acid
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Antimicrobial agents acts on nucleic acid
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Candida albicans
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An AIDS patient complains about his loss of taste through his ...di ko naintindihan... white patches were also seen in his buccal mucosa, harder soft palate and tongue. The common classification observed white lesion is
question
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
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Produces alcohol in wine and beer
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Alfatoxins
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This Toxic and carcinogenic found in peanuts. Peanut butter is monitored for this toxin
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Fermentation
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Beer production undergo the process of ________
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If oxygen required yeast is
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...
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pseudohypha, Germ tube or chlamydospores
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Rapid Test for Candida Albicans
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Filobasidiella neoformans
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The teleomorph of cryptococcus
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Cryptococcus
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Anamorph of Filobasidiella neoformans
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tinea capitis
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ringworm of the scalp
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Tinea cruris
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ringworm of the groin
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tinea corporis
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ringworm of the body
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tinea pedis
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athlete's foot
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Mycetoma
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Chronic subcutaneous infection induced by traumatic inoculation of saprophytic fungi from soil.
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Hyphae
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Aspergillus niger has....
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Superficial, cutaneous, subcutaneous, systemic,
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how do you Classify mycoses based on the site of infection
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...
answer
Dimorphism occurs in the true pathogenic from humans. What are the classical forms can be observed?
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...
answer
Smear from oral swab was seen under microscope expect that structure form:
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Anamorph
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molds is commonly encountered with patients with opportunistic fungi. This type of form is also frequently seen on plants pathogens, causing extinction to crops.
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Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB)
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Microorganisms responsible for streptococcus, lactobacillus, etc
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Kovacs oxidase reagent
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1% tetra-methyl-p-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride, in water
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Facultative anaerobes
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Yeasts are....
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Ketoconazole
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sold under the brand name Nizoral among others, is an antiandrogen and antifungal medication used to treat a number of fungal infections.
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Itraconazale, mebendazole, metronidazole, fluconazole, ketoconazole
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Ketoconazole
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Sulfonamides
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are metabolic analogs of PABA and block folic acid synthesis
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Nalidixic acid
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a 4-quinolone antibacterial. It interferes with the replication of bacterial DNA by inhibiting DNA gyrase activity. It acts against gram-negative bacteria including E. coli, Proteus, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Salmonella and Shigella spp. A first-generation quinolones.
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Clotrimazole
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used to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm, and other fungal skin infections
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Chloramphenicol
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An antifungal drug that is azoles-ergosterol. It is an antibiotic useful for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections.
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Nystatin
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An antifungal drug drug that is a polyene. .sold under the brandname Mycostatin among others, is an antifungal medication. It is used to treat Candida infections of the skin including diaper rash, thrush, esophageal candidiasis, and vaginal yeast infections. It may also be used to prevent candidiasis in those who are at high risk. It may be used by mouth, in the vagina, or applied to the skin.
question
...
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Mechanisms commonly effective against a wide range of antimicrobial symbotical processes.
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Histoplasma Capsulatum
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anamorph of ajellomyces
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Ernesto F. Mania, Diana D. Verano, Rex S. Jardeleza, Maricel C. Chua
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4 MicroPara professors
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Positive
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Rapid Urease test result for H. pylori
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Positive
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Urease test result for c. neoformans
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Negative
answer
Urease test result for candida
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Negative
answer
Oxidase test result for Enterobacter
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positive
answer
oxidase test result for pseudomonas
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negative
answer
catalase test result for streptococcus
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positive
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catalase test result for staphylococcus
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Slant or solid medium
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Superior if 3 months mo lang need yung bacteria
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petri dish
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Not good for selective medium
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Rhizopus stolonifer
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black bread mold
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Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB)
answer
A catalase negative that is a facultative anaerobe. Can be seen in yakult
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Acetone
answer
Product of fermentation that is produced by clostridium
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Glycerol
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Used for dynamites and explosives
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Sulfonamides and Trimethoprim
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competes with p-Aminobenzoic acid (PABA) to form non-functional folic acid.
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Histoplasma
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It is not good for gram staining
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p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA)
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competes with Sulfonamides to create folic acid.
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dihydrofolic acid
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competes with Trimethoprim to create folic acid
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Arthroderma
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anamorph of trichophyton
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Trichophyton
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teleomorph of arthroderma
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temperature
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dimorphism in pathogenic fungi typically relies on...
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Lysol or other phenolic compound, Formaldehyde Aqueous glutaraldehyde, Quaternary ammonium compounds
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Disinfection of the inanimate environment (Tabletops, instruments)
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Sodium hypochlorite, Lysol or other phenolic compound
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Disinfection of the inanimate environment (Excreta, bandages, bedpans)
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Propylene glycol mist or aerosol, Formaldehyde vapor
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Disinfection of the inanimate environment (Air)
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Ethylene oxide gas
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Disinfection of the inanimate environment (Heat-sensitive instruments)
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Washing with soap and water Soaps or detergents containing hexachlorophene or trichlocarbanilide or chlorhexidine Ethyl alcohol; isopropyl alcohol Providone-iodine (water soluble) Nitrofurazone jelly or solution
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disinfection of skin or wound
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Nystatin cream, Candicidin ointment, Miconazole creams
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Topical drugs to skin or mucous membrane (candidiasis)
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Mafenide acetate cream Silver sulfadiazine
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Topical drugs to skin or mucous membrane (burns)
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Undecylenic acid powder or cream, Tolnaftate cream, Azole cream
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Topical drugs to skin or mucous membrane (dermatophytosis)
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Bacitracin-neomycin-polymyxin ointment, Potassium permanganate
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Topical drugs to skin or mucous membrane (pyoderma)
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Malathion or permethrin lotion
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Topical drugs to skin or mucous membrane (pediculosis)
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Erythromycin or tetracycline ointment
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Topical application of drugs to eyes (gonorrhea prophylaxis)
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Sulfacetamide ointment Gentamicin or tobramycin ointments
answer
Topical application of drugs to eyes (bacterial conjunctivitis)
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