A yellow-pigmented, gram-negative rod on blood agar that is oxidase-positive, motile by wet mount, and has the ability to oxidize glucose, xylose, and sucrose is most likely which of the following?
a. Treponema
b .Leptospira
c. Borrelia
d. Sphingomonas
Sphingomonas
Oxidase-positive, glucose-positive (oxidatively) gram-negative bacilli that cannot grow on MacConkey agar include:
a. Pseudomonas.
b. Vibrio.
c. Stenotrophomonas.
d. Sphingomonas.
Sphingomonas.
Which of the following statements best describes the habitats of Sphingobacterium, and Sphingomonas?
a. Habitats are limited to the upper respiratory tract of various mammals.
b. Habitats are unknown.
c. Habitats are ubiquitous in the soil, water sources and other aquatic environments.
d. Habitats are limited mostly to water sources.
Although no definitive guidelines are available for the treatment of Sphingomonas paucimobilis infections, which antibiotic appears to have potential activity against this organism?
a. Penicillin
b. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole combination
c. Amoxicillin and Flagyl
d. Isoniazid and Imipenem
This bacterium is unique in that it does not possess a flagellum but is motile by gliding motility.
a. Acidovorax spp.
b. Sphingobacterium spp.
c. Spingomonas spp.
d. Pseudomonas spp.
Sphingobacterium spp
Sphingobacterium and Spingomonas spp. have been isolated from all of the following except:
a. CSF.
b. blood cultures.
c. fecal samples.
d. body fluids.
True cocci, such as most Neisseria spp. and Moraxella catarrhalis, can be differentiated from morphologically similar Moraxella species by:
a. comparing the penicillin susceptibility testing results of the bacteria.
b. subjecting the bacterium to noninhibitory concentrations of penicillin.
c. identifying the resistance of Moraxella to many b-lactam antimicrobial agents.
d. performing the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) test.
The species of Moraxella that is most commonly associated with human infections, primarily of the respiratory tract, is:
a. M. catarrhalis.
b. Moraxella lacunata.
c. Moraxella canis.
d. Moraxella atlantae.
M. catarrhalis.
In Gram-stained preparations, M. lacunata will appear as:
a. either gram-negative coccobacilli or short, broad rods that tend to resist decolorization and may appear gram-variable.
b. gram-negative cocci in pairs or short chains.
c. coccobacilli or medium-sized rods.
d. coccobacilli that may appear in chains.
Testing for differentiation of M. nonliquefaciens and M. osloensis can best be performed by:
a. the ability to utilize acetate.
b. the ability to liquefy serum.
c. glucose utilization tests.
d. growth on MacConkey agar.
Testing for differentiation of M. lacunata from other Moraxella species can best be performed by:
a. the ability to utilize acetate.
b. the ability to liquefy serum.
c. glucose utilization tests.
d. growth on MacConkey agar.
Of the asaccharolytic, oxidase-positive bacilli that do not grow on MacConkey agar, which one of the following organisms is generally associated with mixed infections resulting from bites or clenched-fist wounds?
a. Eikenella corrodens
b. Weeksella virosa
c. Pseudomonas maltophilia
d. Sphingomonas paucimobilis
Eikenella corrodens
Which of the following organisms is negative for catalase, indole, and arginine dihydrolase tests and pits the agar on a sheep blood agar plate?
a. E. corrodens
b. W. virosa
c. P. maltophilia
d. S. paucimobilis
E. corrodens
E. corrodens can be easily recognized in culture by its:
a. pink pigmentation.
b. grapelike odor.
c. large spreading colonial morphologic characteristic.
d. bleachlike odor.
Although most other clinically relevant gram-negative bacilli are intrinsically resistant to penicillin, it is the drug of choice for infections involving:
a. Sphingomonas paucimobilis.
b. Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
c. Pasteurella multocida.
d. Weeksella virosa.
Pasteurella multocida.
Which of the following bacterial species is part of both domestic and wild animal microbiota and transmitted to humans during close animal contact, including bites?
a. S. paucimobilis
b. Eikenella corrodens
c. P. multocida
d. W. virosa
P. multocida
Gram-stain morphology in this genus may appear as short, straight bacilli or coccobacilli with bipolar staining.
a. Suttonella
b. Pasturella
c. Mannheimia
d. Rodentibacter
Pasturella
Of the following organisms, which one is among the Aggregatibacter aphrophilus, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Cardiobacterium hominis, Eikenella corrodens, and Kingella spp. (HACEK) group of organisms that cause slowly progressive bacterial endocarditis?
a. Capnocytophaga gingivalis
b. Sphingomonas paucimobilis
c. E. corrodens
d. A. actinomycetemcomitans
A. actinomycetemcomitans
Kingella spp. can be distinguished from Neisseria spp. by its:
a. negative test for catalase.
b. positive test for lactose fermentation.
c. positive test for catalase.
d. negative test for oxidase.
Which organism can cause granulomatous disease in animals and has been associated with soft-tissue infection in humans after animal bites?
a. S. paucimobilis
b. Weeksella virosa
c. Pasteurella multocida
d. Actinobacillus spp.
Actinobacillus spp.
K. denitrificans, which is nonhemolytic and tends to pit the agar, also grows on selective media that support the growth of which gram-negative diplococci?
a. Capnocytophaga spp.
b. C. hominis
c. A. aphrophilus
d. N. gonorrhoeae
N. gonorrhoeae
Some of the species of the genus Haemophilus require which of the following media ingredients for in vitro growth?
a. Vitamin K and hemin
b. Hemin and nicotine adenine dinucleotide (NAD)
c. Vitamin K and NAD
d. Hemin and cysteine
Among Haemophilus influenzae strains, group designations (e.g., type b) are based on:
a. flagellar antigens.
b. capsular characteristics.
c. cell wall antigens.
d. infectious capabilities.
Chancroid is the sexually transmitted disease caused by:
a. H. influenzae.
b. Haemophilus ducreyi.
c. A. aphrophilus.
d. Haemophilus parainfluenzae.
Haemophilus ducreyi.
Which of the following media provides the factors necessary for the growth of Haemophilus spp.?
a. 5% sheep blood agar
b. Brain-heart infusion agar
c. Chocolate agar
d. Nutrient agar
In a phenomenon known as satelliting, tiny colonies of Haemophilus spp. may be observed growing on sheep blood agar close to colonies of:
a. Streptococcus pyogenes.
b. Staphylococcus aureus.
c. Micrococcus spp.
d. other Haemophilus spp.
Staphylococcus aureus.
In a phenomenon known as satelliting, tiny colonies of Haemophilus spp. may be observed growing on sheep blood agar close to colonies of bacteria that can produce:
a. hemin.
b. NAD.
c. vitamin K.
d. cystine.
The sputum of a 75-year-old man with chronic lung infections yields the following:
· Many gram-negative coccobacilli in Gram stain
· X and V factors required for growth
· Nonhemolytic on rabbit blood agar
The organism can be identified as
a. Haemophilus aegyptius.
b. H. parainfluenzae.
c. Haemophilus haemolyticus.
d. H. influenzae.
H. influenzae.
Growth of most Haemophilus species in culture is enhanced by:
a. incubation at 33°C to 35°C.
b. high humidity.
c. 5% to 10% carbon dioxide (CO2).
d. enriched special media.
Of the following media, which provides the NAD necessary for the growth of Haemophilus spp.?
a. 5% sheep blood agar
b. Brain-heart infusion agar
c. Chocolate agar
d. Nutrient agar
Isolates from CSF that are gram-negative coccobacilli, grow on chocolate agar in CO2 but not blood agar, require factor V but not X, and are nonhemolytic on rabbit or horse blood may be identified as:
a. H. parainfluenzae.
b. H. influenzae.
c. A. aphrophilus.
d. H. ducreyi.
H. parainfluenzae.
a. incubated for 18 to 24 hours before staining.
b. centrifuged before staining.
c. examined for at least 1 hour.
d. stained for an additional 5 minutes.
What chromogenic substrate can be used as a rapid test for the detection of beta-lactamase producing Haemophilus spp.?
a. PYR
b. Oxidase
c. Beta-lactam
d. Cephalosporin
Why is it that MALDI-TOF MS cannot be used successfully used to identify all clinically relevant species of Haemophilus spp.?
a. MALDI-TOF MS can successfully discriminate all Haemophilus spp.
b. Organisms that are biochemically indistinguishable will likely not be distinguishable using this method.
c. The only reason for this limitation would be based on contamination with more than one species.
d. The organisms are often normal flora and not included in the data base.
Organisms belonging to the genus Neisseria are:
a. gram-positive diplococci.
b. gram-negative diplococci.
c. gram-negative coccobacilli.
d. gram-negative bacilli.
The JEMBEC transport system for Neisseria spp. provides an atmosphere with increased _________ to keep the organism viable during transport.
a. hydrogen (H2)
b. carbon dioxide (CO2)
c. nitrogen (N2)
d. nitrate (NO3)
carbon dioxide (CO2)
An endocervical swab was collected from a 26-year-old woman with a purulent discharge. The Gram stain revealed the following:
• Many white blood cells (WBCs)
• Moderate gram-negative diplococci
• Moderate gram-negative coccobacilli
• Few yeast
Based on these findings, what would be the next course of action?
a. Report the isolation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
b. Work up the yeast.
c. Report the Gram stain, and follow up with culture.
d. Request a new specimen; this one is contaminated.
Gram-negative diplococci are isolated from a genital specimen and yield the following results:
• Glucose: positive
• Maltose: negative
• Lactose: negative
The organism can be identified as
a. N. gonorrhoeae.
b. Neisseria meningitidis.
c. Neisseria lactamica.
d. M. catarrhalis.
N. gonorrhoeae.
The bacterial species that can be described as oxidase-positive, glucose-positive, maltose-positive, sucrose-negative, lactose-negative, and a major cause of bacterial meningitis is:
a. N. meningitidis.
b. N. lactamica.
c. Neisseria flavescens.
d. N. gonorrhoeae.
N. meningitidis.
An organism isolated from a sputum sample that has a “hockey puck” consistency would have which of the following biochemical profiles? ORG - M. catarrhalis.
a. Glucose-positive, maltose-positive, and lactose-positive
b. Glucose-positive, maltose-positive, and lactose-negative
c. Glucose-positive, maltose-negative, and lactose-negative
d. Glucose-negative, maltose-negative, and lactose-negative
The differentiation of the similar M. catarrhalis and Neisseria can be best accomplished by
a. examination of Gram stain of the colony.
b. vancomycin susceptibility testing.
c. the oxidase test.
d. carbohydrate utilization testing.
MTM, Martin-Lewis (ML), and New York City (NYC) media were all developed for the selective isolation of which organism?
a. M. catarrhalis
b. Chlamydia trachomatis
c. N. gonorrhoeae
d. N. mucosa
N. gonorrhoeae
a. Arginine
b. Hypoxanthine
c. Uracil
d. IsoVitaleX
M. catarrhalis may be described as:
a. oxidase-positive.
b. a glucose utilizer.
c. a major cause of venereal disease.
d. often carrying an antiphagocytic capsule.
The gram-negative coccus that can be described as oxidase-positive, glucose-negative, maltose-negative, sucrose-negative, lactose-negative, and DNase-positive is:
a. N. meningitidis.
b. M. catarrhalis.
c. Neisseria cinerea.
d. N. gonorrhoeae.
M. catarrhalis.
M. catarrhalis can be described as a:
a. gram-positive diplococcus.
b. gram-negative diplococcus.
c. gram-negative coccobacillus.
d. gram-negative bacillus.
M. catarrhalis may be differentiated from gonococci and meningococci on the basis of its:
a. growth on blood agar at 35°C.
b. growth on nutrient agar at 22°C.
c. reduction of nitrite to nitrate.
d. production of DNase.
An advantage of all molecular assays is:
a. the ability to test for both N. gonorrhoeae and C. trachomatis from the same specimen at the same time.
b. the ability to use these tests for assessing the successfulness of treatment.
c. their role as evidence in medicolegal cases.
d. the ability to detect the capsular antigen in body fluids.
the ability to test for both N. gonorrhoeae and C. trachomatis from the same specimen at the same time.
N. gonorrhoeae is spread by:
a. person-to-person nosocomial spread by respiratory droplets.
b. person-to-person spread by sexual contact.
c. from infected mother to newborn during birth.
d. B and C only.
The second most commonly reported sexually transmitted infection in the United States, according to the CDC, is:
a. M. catarrhalis.
b. N. gonorrhoeae.
c. N. meningitidis.
d. HIV.
N. gonorrhoeae.
a. DNA.
b. RNA.
c. protein structure.
d. cell wall structure.
A newborn is suspected of having ophthalmia neonatorum. What is the treatment of choice in this situation?
a. Penicillin
b. Erythromycin ophthalmic ointment
c. Silver nitrate
d. Povidone-iodine
Erythromycin ophthalmic ointment
A patient is seen at the clinic for routine STI (sexually transmitted infection) testing after suspecting infection with N. gonorrhoeae. What other organism is commonly co-infected with N. gonorrhoeae?
a. M. catarrhalis
b. N. meningitidis
c. C. trachomatis
d. N. lactamica
C. trachomatis
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