question
Types of samples - Sterile areas
answer
- CSF
- Blood
- Body fluids
- Urine
- Blood
- Body fluids
- Urine
question
Types of samples - Normal flora (NF) areas
answer
- Throat
- GI tract
· Stool
- Genital
- Skin
· Superficial wound swabs
- GI tract
· Stool
- Genital
- Skin
· Superficial wound swabs
question
Supportive media
answer
- Allows most bacteria to grow
· Ex. Blood agar
o Sheep blood agar
§ Often used in medical lab as the basic agar
- TSA (trypticase soy agar)
· Ex. Blood agar
o Sheep blood agar
§ Often used in medical lab as the basic agar
- TSA (trypticase soy agar)
question
Enrichment media
answer
- Enhance growth of some hard to grow bacteria
· Fastidious bacteria
Ex. Chocolate agar
· Sheep's blood that has been lysed
- Helps grow Neisseria & Haemophilus
· Fastidious bacteria
Ex. Chocolate agar
· Sheep's blood that has been lysed
- Helps grow Neisseria & Haemophilus
question
Selective media
answer
- Inhibits the growth of some bacteria & allows others to grow
· Helps to isolate bacteria
Ex. CNA
PEA
Inhibit gram negative & allow growth of gram positive
Ex. MacConkey
EMB
Inhibit gram positive & allow growth of gram negative
· Helps to isolate bacteria
Ex. CNA
PEA
Inhibit gram negative & allow growth of gram positive
Ex. MacConkey
EMB
Inhibit gram positive & allow growth of gram negative
question
Differential media
answer
1) * Differential
- Differentiates bacteria that grow based on bacterial characteristics
· Often a color change
Ex. TSI
- Shows biochemical reactions
· Fermentation
· H2S production
· Gas production
- Media can be both selective and differential
Ex. MacConkey & Hektoen
· Select gram negative
· Differential
o Lactose + = pink (MacConkey) / yellow (Hektoen)
o Lactose = = no color change
§ Hektoen also shows H2S production = black centers
- Differentiates bacteria that grow based on bacterial characteristics
· Often a color change
Ex. TSI
- Shows biochemical reactions
· Fermentation
· H2S production
· Gas production
- Media can be both selective and differential
Ex. MacConkey & Hektoen
· Select gram negative
· Differential
o Lactose + = pink (MacConkey) / yellow (Hektoen)
o Lactose = = no color change
§ Hektoen also shows H2S production = black centers
question
GPC (gram positive cocci)
answer
* Morphology best seen from broth culture
· May not show from solid media
· May not show from solid media
question
Staph & Strep testing - Catalase test - positive
answer
1) GPC (gram positive cocci)
Positive = Staph / micrococcus (NF)
Positive = Staph / micrococcus (NF)
question
Staph & Strep testing - Catalase test - negative
answer
Negative = Streptococcus / Enterococcus
Hemolysis on blood agar
Hemolysis on blood agar
question
Staph & Strep testing - Coagulase test - positive
answer
+ = Clumping
* Stapylococcus aureus
(our main pathogen)
* Stapylococcus aureus
(our main pathogen)
question
Staph & Strep testing - Coagulase test - negative
answer
= No clumps
ex. Staph epidermidus
ex. Staph epidermidus
question
Beta (β) hemolysis
answer
- Complete hemolysis
· Clear zone
· Clear zone
question
Alpha (α) hemolysis
answer
- Partial hemolysis
· Greenish
· Greenish
question
Gamma (γ) hemolysis
answer
- No hemolysis
question
Beta (β) hemolysis pathogen
answer
- * Strep. pyogenes
· Strep throat
· Strep throat
question
Alpha (α) hemolysis pathogen
answer
Strep. pneumoniae
question
Gamma (γ) hemolysis pathogen
answer
Enterococcus
question
Group A staph - scientific name & location
answer
- Primary pathogen
· Streptococcus pyogenes
o Throat
· Streptococcus pyogenes
o Throat
question
Skin (surface wounds)
answer
- Staph aureus
- MRSA
· Methicillin resistant staph aureus
- MRSA
· Methicillin resistant staph aureus
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