Module 3 Essentials

differences in health outcomes across subgroups of a population and can be due to either controllable or uncontrollable factors.

the conditions in which people are born, grow, work, live, and age, and the wider set of forces and systems shaping the conditions of daily life. These forces and systems include economic policies and systems, development agendas, social norms, social policies and political systems.

Man-made structures including the design of cities, and buildings we live, work, and play in.

Ensuring all people have access to equal OPPORTUNITIES to be healthy
implies a need for a fairness in the distribution of benefits and burdens and that everyone has the access to the resources, opportunities, power, and responsibility they need to reach their full, healthy potential.

Refers to a stepwise difference in how health outcomes improve with higher levels of social and economic status.

Promotes fairness in the way resources and opportunities are distributed in society.

This leads to high cortisol production which poorly affects health and leads to increased disease and lowers life expectancy.

Example would be a low-income neighborhood with many fast-food options, but no sources of fresh, nutritious food.

factors are factors affecting behavior that result from the relationship of an individual with a larger group or population, such as peer pressure to smoke or the level of taxation on cigarettes

factors are factors affecting behavior that are grounded in social structures and policies, such as government-sponsored programs that encourage tobacco production

factors are factors affecting behavior that directly involve an individual and can potentially be altered by individual interventions, such as an addiction to nicotine

A social construct that has no biological basis but does have social consequences

Maybe due to systematic institutional discrimination, intentional or unconscious bias that lead to serious health consequences and disparities

An analogy that dramatizes the conflicts which can exist between people's short term and long term interests when there is a shared resource available.

The natural environment that is not changed by humans. For example, sunlight.

Parts of the natural environment that are somehow affected by humans. E.g. air polluted by coal ash.

personal actions one takes that affect their health and well-being in the shortor long term

one of the most widely used theories in health behavior change. It was developed to understand why people were not participating in preventive health campaign for TB screening.

able to analyze systematically why people do or do not accept public health campaign, allows planning of educational campaign around model constructs, and indicated how we might intervene based on results

caused by the increased levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide produced by the use of fossil fuels

The study of how the human population affects the environment and how the environment affects the health of the population

Ocean acidification
Rising sea levels
Increased extreme weather seasons
Increased natural disasters