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health
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a state of complete physical, mental, and social well being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
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global health
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encompasses the behavioral and environmental risk factors of a community, which are influenced by politics, economics, and culture
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global determinants of health
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factors that affect the outcomes of health such as physical environment, social environment, health behaviors, and individual health, as well as broader factors such as access to health services and overall health policies and interventions
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-economic stability
-education
-neighborhood
-health and health care
-social and community context
-education
-neighborhood
-health and health care
-social and community context
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social determinants of health (global)
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demographic transitions
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change in a population from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates
-high fertility and high mortality, resulting in slow population growth
-improvement in hygiene and nutrition, leading to a decreased burden of infectious disease
-high fertility and high mortality, resulting in slow population growth
-improvement in hygiene and nutrition, leading to a decreased burden of infectious disease
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epidemiological transitions
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A historical perspective on the relationship between human mortality and infectious disease among populations
-high and fluctuation mortality, due to poor health, epidemics, and famine
-further decline in mortality, increasing life expectancy, and predominance of noncommunicable diseases
-high and fluctuation mortality, due to poor health, epidemics, and famine
-further decline in mortality, increasing life expectancy, and predominance of noncommunicable diseases
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-as a country becomes more developed, levels of demographic or epidemiologic transitions shift upward
-mortality rates decrease
-more attention being paid to quality of life for all citizens of the country, including elderly
-as more of the population are educated, indicators of health, such as higher life expectancy and lower mortality rates improves
-mortality rates decrease
-more attention being paid to quality of life for all citizens of the country, including elderly
-as more of the population are educated, indicators of health, such as higher life expectancy and lower mortality rates improves
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positive achievements for global health
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global burden of disease
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the importance of risks to health and their outcomes in different demographic populations and social settings
-growing disproportionately in the world and is largely affected by climate, public policy, age of the population, socioeconomic conditions and risk factors
-growing disproportionately in the world and is largely affected by climate, public policy, age of the population, socioeconomic conditions and risk factors
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1. global life expectancy increased by 5 years between 2000 and 2015, the fastest increase since the 1960s
2. globally, healthy life expectancy (HLE) at birth in 2015 was 63.1 years
3. in 2015, more than 16,000 children under 5 died every day
4. 45% of deaths among children under 5 occur during the first 4 weeks of life
5. in 2015, an estimated 2.6 million babies were stillborn
6. 1.3 million deaths in 2015 were attributed to hepatitis
7. noncommunicable diseases caused 37% of deaths in low income
8. ischemic heart disease and stroke killed 15 million people in 2015
9. diabetes is among the 10 leading causes of death and disability worldwide
10. injuries claimed nearly 5 million lives in 2015
2. globally, healthy life expectancy (HLE) at birth in 2015 was 63.1 years
3. in 2015, more than 16,000 children under 5 died every day
4. 45% of deaths among children under 5 occur during the first 4 weeks of life
5. in 2015, an estimated 2.6 million babies were stillborn
6. 1.3 million deaths in 2015 were attributed to hepatitis
7. noncommunicable diseases caused 37% of deaths in low income
8. ischemic heart disease and stroke killed 15 million people in 2015
9. diabetes is among the 10 leading causes of death and disability worldwide
10. injuries claimed nearly 5 million lives in 2015
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top 10 facts according to the global burden of disease
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life expectancy at birth
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average number of years a newborn is expected to live if the current mortality rates continue to apply
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HALE (Health Adjusted Life Expectancy)
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average number of years that a person can expect to live in "full health" by taking account years lived in less than full health due to disease and or injury
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DALYs (disability-adjusted life years)
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quantifying the burden of disease to a healthy life. The loss of years related to burden of disease. The gap in years reflects the current state of health versus an optimum state of health of a nation.
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-morbidity and mortality (HALE/DALYs)
-risk factors
-health services coverage
-health systems resources
-risk factors
-health services coverage
-health systems resources
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global health indicator categories (4 things nurses look at to assess global health)
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risk factors
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personal habits and bheaviors, environmental conditions, or inborn or inherited characteristics that are known to affect health related condition
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-childhood and maternal malnutrition
-other nutrition related risk factors
-addictive substances
-sexual and reproductive health
-environmental
-POVERTY
-lack of education
-gender (women and girls)
-lack of reproductive education
-other nutrition related risk factors
-addictive substances
-sexual and reproductive health
-environmental
-POVERTY
-lack of education
-gender (women and girls)
-lack of reproductive education
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example of risk factors
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-does the government in charge value public health?
- are there civil wars/ wars in general that are using government resoruces
- are there civil wars/ wars in general that are using government resoruces
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political factors affecting global health
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-economic stability of country?
-is the country without income that benefits its citizens?
-poor countries have the hardest time managing mortality of citizens
-is the country without income that benefits its citizens?
-poor countries have the hardest time managing mortality of citizens
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economic factors affecting global health
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-appropriate housing, food supply, and vital elements of society to maintain life for all
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sociodemographic factors affecting global health
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-stay in tune with what is going on across the globe
-ensure healthy lives and promote well being for all ages
-help people achieve optimum health
-nurses understand the link between health and other conditions that effect health and can help reduce risk and counsel on high risk behaviors
-become a leader
-advocate
-ensure healthy lives and promote well being for all ages
-help people achieve optimum health
-nurses understand the link between health and other conditions that effect health and can help reduce risk and counsel on high risk behaviors
-become a leader
-advocate
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how nurses can implement SDGs and advocate for global health
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-increased investment in education and training
-national health workforce plans
-more efficient use of existing human resources
-protection and fairer treatment of health workers
-access to HIV prevention and treatment for health workers in affected countries
-attracting women to professions and addressing retirement
-comprehensive preparedness for a workforce response to outbreaks and emergencies in every country
-career incentives to attract health workers to rural areas
-health promotion and prevention strategies to reduce demand for health services
-national health workforce plans
-more efficient use of existing human resources
-protection and fairer treatment of health workers
-access to HIV prevention and treatment for health workers in affected countries
-attracting women to professions and addressing retirement
-comprehensive preparedness for a workforce response to outbreaks and emergencies in every country
-career incentives to attract health workers to rural areas
-health promotion and prevention strategies to reduce demand for health services
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effective management of health workforce shortages
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