question
Health
answer
-"good function"
-"balance"
-"absence of disease"
-"absence of biological sickness"
-"feeling a sense of connection with oneself"
-"is living one's full life expectancy"
-"health is the pursuit of joy and happiness"
-"disease under control"
-"adaptability"
-"fluidity"
-"movement"
-"interrelation of physical, mental, emotional and spiritual components"
-"balance"
-"absence of disease"
-"absence of biological sickness"
-"feeling a sense of connection with oneself"
-"is living one's full life expectancy"
-"health is the pursuit of joy and happiness"
-"disease under control"
-"adaptability"
-"fluidity"
-"movement"
-"interrelation of physical, mental, emotional and spiritual components"
question
Health Discourse
answer
-Medical system view of health (bio-medical)
-health care system view
-lay perspectives
-global health perspective
-health care system view
-lay perspectives
-global health perspective
question
Health Promotion is About...
answer
-enabling people to have control over their lives
-it is combined with elements that maintain "well-being": psychological, physical, the environment , societal, policy, experiential
-access to services (Canadian aspect)
-it is combined with elements that maintain "well-being": psychological, physical, the environment , societal, policy, experiential
-access to services (Canadian aspect)
question
Health is Political...
answer
"Health is political because like any other resource or commodity under a Neo-liberal economic system, some social groups have more of it than others" (Bambra)
"Health is political because its social determinants are amenable to political action or inaction" (Bambra)
Health is a right of social citizenship (Bambra)
"Health is political because its social determinants are amenable to political action or inaction" (Bambra)
Health is a right of social citizenship (Bambra)
question
Global Health
answer
"Is the optimal well-being of all humans from the individual and collective perspective" (CNA)
"It is determined by problems, issues, and concerns that transcend national boundaries and it emphasizes transnational health issues, determinants and solutions" (Holtz)
"It is determined by problems, issues, and concerns that transcend national boundaries and it emphasizes transnational health issues, determinants and solutions" (Holtz)
question
History of Global Health
answer
-Not a new phenomenon
-Increased presence because of the globalization of communications, transportation
-began with the Industrial revolution
-UN and the WHO were established after WW II
-The Marshall Plan to reconstruct Europe after WW II
-Establishment of the World Bank
-Declaration of Alma-Ata (former USSR) in 1978
-The principles of Primary Health Care (WHO, 1978)
-Increased presence because of the globalization of communications, transportation
-began with the Industrial revolution
-UN and the WHO were established after WW II
-The Marshall Plan to reconstruct Europe after WW II
-Establishment of the World Bank
-Declaration of Alma-Ata (former USSR) in 1978
-The principles of Primary Health Care (WHO, 1978)
question
Alma-Ata Declaration
answer
-1978 International Conference on Primary Health Care
-Goal: an acceptable level of health for all by year 2000
-"To ensure political commitment at all levels of governments"
-"To accelerate actions towards universal access to primary health care"
-"To put people at the centre of health care by adopting, as appropriate, delivery models focused on the local and district levels"
-Goal: an acceptable level of health for all by year 2000
-"To ensure political commitment at all levels of governments"
-"To accelerate actions towards universal access to primary health care"
-"To put people at the centre of health care by adopting, as appropriate, delivery models focused on the local and district levels"
question
40th Anniversary Declaration of Astana 2018
answer
What was learned over the last 40 years: health for some, not health for all
4 key areas:
-make bold political choices for health across all sectors
-build sustainable primary health care
empower individual and communities
-align stakeholder support to the national policy, strategies, and plans (WHO)
4 key areas:
-make bold political choices for health across all sectors
-build sustainable primary health care
empower individual and communities
-align stakeholder support to the national policy, strategies, and plans (WHO)
question
Basic Prerequisites of Health
answer
-Food
-Education
-Shelter
-Stable Ecosystems
-Sustainable Resources (e.g. water)
-Peace
-Adequate income
-Social justice, equity, gender
(Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion, CNA)
-Education
-Shelter
-Stable Ecosystems
-Sustainable Resources (e.g. water)
-Peace
-Adequate income
-Social justice, equity, gender
(Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion, CNA)
question
Criteria for Adequate Health Care System
answer
-Equitable access to quality care (prevention and treatment services) for rural and urban populations
-affordability
-sustainability (long term political and financial support)
-affordability
-sustainability (long term political and financial support)
question
Major Global Health Issues
answer
-life expectancy at birth
-demographic aging in some countries
-maternal and child health
-environmental and ecological threats
-war and militarization
-gender equality
-lack of prerequisites for health (eg. water, food, sanitation)
-mental health
-demographic aging in some countries
-maternal and child health
-environmental and ecological threats
-war and militarization
-gender equality
-lack of prerequisites for health (eg. water, food, sanitation)
-mental health
question
Equity vs Equality
answer
-Equality relates to "just" and "fair". Relates to distributive justice. Everyone has access to the same resources, it is equal.
-Equity is a prerequisite to health as presented in the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion
Equality doesn't mean Equity
-Equity is a prerequisite to health as presented in the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion
Equality doesn't mean Equity
question
Inequity in Health
answer
-"refers to differences that are unnecessary, unfair, and avoidable"
-there are widespread inequities in relation to health within and between nations
-achieving health equity requires that health professionals, politicians, the civil society and other organizations work toward decreasing or eliminating 'disparities'
-there are widespread inequities in relation to health within and between nations
-achieving health equity requires that health professionals, politicians, the civil society and other organizations work toward decreasing or eliminating 'disparities'
question
UN Millennium Development Goals
answer
1. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
2. Achieve universal primary education
3. Promote gender equity and empower women
4. Reduce child mortality
5. Improve maternal health
6. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, TB, and other diseases
7. Ensure environmental sustainability
8. Develop a global partnership for development
2. Achieve universal primary education
3. Promote gender equity and empower women
4. Reduce child mortality
5. Improve maternal health
6. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, TB, and other diseases
7. Ensure environmental sustainability
8. Develop a global partnership for development
question
Infectious Diseases of Global Concern
answer
-TB
-Hep B & C, HIV
-Tropical Diseases: cholera, Nipah virus
-Sars
-Covid-19
-Influenza
-West Nile
-Ebola
-Hep B & C, HIV
-Tropical Diseases: cholera, Nipah virus
-Sars
-Covid-19
-Influenza
-West Nile
-Ebola
question
Non-communicable Diseases of Global Concern
answer
-71% of noncommunicable disease caused by CVD, Cancer, Chronic Respiratory Disease, Diabetes
-Road Traffic Accidents
-Malnutrition and Obesity
-Environmental Risks: pollution, unsafe water
-Poisoning
-Mental Health
-Opioid epidemic
-violence
-Road Traffic Accidents
-Malnutrition and Obesity
-Environmental Risks: pollution, unsafe water
-Poisoning
-Mental Health
-Opioid epidemic
-violence
question
World Population Challenges
answer
-Migration from rural to urban areas (SK)
-Stress on global environment (global warming, deforestation in Haiti)
-Increased demand for family planning in some countries
-Pregnancy and childbirth complications
-Lack of prenatal care and skilled birth attendants
-HIV/AIDS
-Stress on global environment (global warming, deforestation in Haiti)
-Increased demand for family planning in some countries
-Pregnancy and childbirth complications
-Lack of prenatal care and skilled birth attendants
-HIV/AIDS
question
Health Disparities
answer
-"A health disparity is a statistically significant difference in health indicators that persists over time" (Holtz)
-Health disparities inform us about the burden of disease among different groups in society
-Health disparities arise from unequal power relations and social inequities
-social inequities (income, housing, education) are among the root causes of health inequities (Holtz)
-Health disparities inform us about the burden of disease among different groups in society
-Health disparities arise from unequal power relations and social inequities
-social inequities (income, housing, education) are among the root causes of health inequities (Holtz)
question
Indices of Health Disparities
answer
-burden of disease
-mortality rate
-infant mortality rate
-morbidity
-life expectancy
-birth rate
-total fertility rate
-disability
-nutritional status
-mortality rate
-infant mortality rate
-morbidity
-life expectancy
-birth rate
-total fertility rate
-disability
-nutritional status
question
Health is Political
answer
"no policy connections are ever made with the macro-political causes of the major economic, social, and health inequities, such as macroeconomic policy, trade policy, defense policy, foreign policy, and International development" (Bambra)
Addressing health inequities is a question of political willingness and a nurse's role
Addressing health inequities is a question of political willingness and a nurse's role
question
Multiple Layers
answer
Local and global health issues can be present in developed and developing countries
They often intersect with issues of marginalization, poverty, gender, culture, and economic system
They often intersect with issues of marginalization, poverty, gender, culture, and economic system
question
Global Citizen and Nursing
answer
"As global citizens nurses identify and act on health inequities in the population they work with at the:
-local
-national
-internaitonal levels" (Potter and Perry)
-local
-national
-internaitonal levels" (Potter and Perry)
question
USASK Learning Charter Goals
answer
Citizenship Goals for Graduates of the U of S
-Value diversity and the positive contributions this brings to society
-share their knowledge and exercise leadership
-contribute to society, locally, nationally, or globally
-Value diversity and the positive contributions this brings to society
-share their knowledge and exercise leadership
-contribute to society, locally, nationally, or globally
question
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 1-10
answer
1. end poverty in all its forms everywhere
2. end hunger, achieve food security and improved neutron and promote sustainable agriculture
3. Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages
4. ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all
5. achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls
6. ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all
7. ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all
8. promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all
9. build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation
10. reduce inequality within and among countries
2. end hunger, achieve food security and improved neutron and promote sustainable agriculture
3. Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages
4. ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all
5. achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls
6. ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all
7. ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all
8. promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all
9. build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation
10. reduce inequality within and among countries
question
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 11-17
answer
11. Make cities and human and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable
12. ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns
13. take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts
14. conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development
15. protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss
16.promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and include institutions at all levels
17. strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the global partnership for sustainable development
12. ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns
13. take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts
14. conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development
15. protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss
16.promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and include institutions at all levels
17. strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the global partnership for sustainable development
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