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The Social-Ecological Model
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Acknowledges that the individual is influenced by a collection of larger, inter-related, and cumulative contexts such as organizations, communities, and governments
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Epidemiology
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The study of changing patterns of health and disease across populations and geographic regions
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The Index Case
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the first identified instance of a medical problem
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Social Determinants of Health
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factors such as housing, employment, socioeconomic status, and availability of food that affect the health of populations
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The healthy immigrant effect
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The tendency for recent non-European immigrants to report their health as being above average upon arrival to Canada, but to report deterioration of their health over time
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culture
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the values, behaviours, and assumptions learned from our membership in groups that share them
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culturally competent care
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care that enables individuals to work effectively in cross-cultural situations
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historical trauma
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negative health effects of mass trauma that can last for generations
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harm reduction strategies
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attempts to reduce harmful effects of behaviour when faced with the reality that health-compromising behaviours cannot be entirely eliminated
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vaccines
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introduces a safe dosage of a pathogen so the body can develop memory for the pathogen and be ready to proliferate specific immune cells if encountered again
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a built environment
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the roads, parks, and buildings in our lived worlds
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obesogenic neighbourhood
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neighbourhood designed in a way that it increases the likelihood of its inhabitants becoming obese
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Factors of the healthiness of a built environment
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proximity, density, connectivity, and land use mix
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