quiz 1: chapters 1-3

World Health Organization (WHO) regions and income groups by World Bank

Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. They bring together member countries that collaborate on key global issues

to understand:
-the progress that has already been made
-the challenges that still remain
-that diseases are not limited by national boundaries
-that there are disparities among groups
-the health-development link
-the need for different actors to work together

a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting physical health and mental health and efficiency through organized community efforts toward a sanitary environment

an area for study, research, and practice that places a priority on improving health and achieving equity in health for all people worldwide

-environmental health
-nutrition
-womens health and reproductive health
-child and adolescent health
-communicable diseases
-noncommunicable diseases
-injuries

Formulated in 2015, they played out 17 goals related to health. Countries that signed pledged to meet goals by 2030.

public hygiene, better water and sanitation, and better education

The interconnected factors that determine an individual's health status

-personal and inborn features
-socioeconomic status
-culture
-environment
-education
-health behaviors
-childhood development
-access to care
-government policy

sickness or any departure, subjective or objective, from a psychological or physiological state of well being

death

temporary or long-term reduction in a person's capacity to function

number of people suffering from a certain health condition over a specified period

the rate at which new cases of a disease occur in a population

-determining the causes of morbidity, disability, and death
-carrying out disease surveillance
-making comparisons about health within and across countries

The number of deaths of infants under age 1 per 1,000 live births in a given year

the average number of years a newborn baby could expect to live if current mortality trends were to continue for the rest of the newborn's life

the number of mothers who die as a result of pregnancy or childbirth complications per 100,000 live births in a given year

the number of deaths of infants under 28 days of age in a given year per 1,000 live births in that year

the probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age 5, expressed as a number per 1,000 live births

infectious diseases which are transmitted from the environment; including through air, water, food and other infected organisms (including other humans)

illnesses not spread by an infectious agent

vital registration systems record births, deaths, and causes of deaths
-key to having quality data on a population
-many low and middle income countries lack this
-often have cultural barriers

-measure health status
-carry out disease surveillance
-make decisions about health investments
-assess health program performance

1- Sub-saharan africa
2-south Asia

a combination morbidity, mortality, and disability, usually measured DALY and HALE to compare health status across genders, ages, and regions

number of years a person of a given age can expect to live in good health, taking account of mortality and disability.
-calculated by weighting the number of years of ill health according to severity, subtracted form the overall life expectancy

the sum of years lost due to premature death and years lived with disability (YLD)
-calculated by subtracting the age at which one dies anyone's life expectancy at that age

women, by 5 years

communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional causes of death

noncommunicable in all regions except SSA

urban

ratio between the number of people aged 15 to 64 years, compared to the number of people over 65

highest-income countries

lowest-income countries

shift in patter of high fertility and high mortality to low fertility and low mortality, with population growth in between

1. high and fluctuating mortality, related to poor health conditions, epidemics, and famine
2. progressive decline in mortality as epidemics become less frequent
3. further declines in mortality, increases in life expectancy, and the predominance of noncommunicable diseases
(movement of pattern from communicable to noncommunicable)

-nutrition
-education
-political stability
-scientific improvements

ischemic heart disease

population growth, population aging, and urbanization