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Wireless Ship Act of 1910
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all commercial vessels with 50 or more passengers must have a telegraph. Established the SOS signal
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Radio Act of 1912
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established government control under the Secretary of Commerce to issue licenses to radio transmitters
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Hoover v. Intercity Radio (1923)
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Facts: Intercity Radio was denied license on the grounds of insufficient spectrum space by the Secretary of Commerce.
Importance: A court determined that the Secretary of Commerce had to give a broadcast license to any person who applied.
Importance: A court determined that the Secretary of Commerce had to give a broadcast license to any person who applied.
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U.S. v. Zenith Radio (1926)
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Facts: Zenith Radio was unhappy with its radio frequency. When their application was rejected, Zenith moved it away.
Importance: a federal court ruled that the Commerce Department lacked the authority to regulate frequency, or hours a station could operate.
Importance: a federal court ruled that the Commerce Department lacked the authority to regulate frequency, or hours a station could operate.
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Radio Act of 1927
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established the Federal Radio Commission as a separate agency which only oversaw the radio industry. Telephones were regulated by the commerce department. (this will change)
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Communication Act of 1934
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this legislation extablished the Federal Communication Commission which oversees the telephone, radio,TV,cable. Section 326 forbids the FCC to "censor" broadcasters.
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NBC v U.S
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Facts: The FCC adopted a rule that limits the amount of network broadcast time that any affiliate station could carry. The FCC wants stations to operate in the public's interest, connivence and necessity.
Importance: The USSC held that the FCC can regulate electronic media and the rules it makes must be obeyed.
Importance: The USSC held that the FCC can regulate electronic media and the rules it makes must be obeyed.
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Licensing Process
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Minority preference rules were set up.
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Adarand Constructors v. Pena
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any special preferences must be met by compelling government interest. In 2008 the FCC wrote new rules to create preferences for small business in the licensing process. In 1996 comparative license renewal was revoked. Minority preference is now gone in 1996 .
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Two Step Licensing Process
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1: FCC determines in licensee is entitled for renewal
2: if licensee has committed a serious offense, then the license is revoked.
2: if licensee has committed a serious offense, then the license is revoked.
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In reference to Mayflower Broadcasting (1941) (Fairness Doctrine)
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Stations could not use their stations to express opinions or editorialize
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In reference to United Broadcasting (1945) (Fairness Doctrine)
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stations could not refuse to sell time for discussion of controversial topics.
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Report on Editorializing by Broadcast Licensees (1949)
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Two