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Earth Day
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A day created in 1970 about celebrating and caring for the Earth
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National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)
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A 1970 U.S. federal act that mandates an environmental assessment of all projects involving federal money or federal permits.
Created the EIS - environmental impact statement
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Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 1970
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Oversees environmental issues involving water quality, air pollution, and solid and/or toxic
waste
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Marine Mammal Protection Act (1972)
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Seeks to protect whales, dolphins, sea lions, seals, manatees and other species of marine mammals, many of which remain threatened or endangered.
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Endangered Species Act
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(1973) identifies threatened and endangered species in the U.S., and puts their protection ahead of economic considerations
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Safe Drinking Water Act
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(SDWA, 1974) set maximum contaminant levels for pollutants in drinking water that may have negative effects on human health
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Toxic Substances Control Act
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1976 - Authorized the EPA to ban or regulate chemicals deemed a risk to health or the environment
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Clean Water Act (CWA)
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1977 - set maximum permissible amounts of water pollutants that can be discharged into waterways; aims to make surface waters swimmable and fishable
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RCRA (Resource Conservation and Recovery Act)
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a.k.a. "Cradle to Grave" - 1976 to give EPA authority over hazardous waste.
Prevents unsafe and illegal disposal of hazardous wastes on land
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CERCLA (Superfund)
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Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, & Liability Act (1980) - Established federal authority for emergency response and clean-up of hazardous substances that have been spilled, improperly disposed, or released into the environment - the EPA tracks all of the clean up sites
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Environmental Impact Statement
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aka EIS - A statement required by Federal law from all agencies for any project using Federal funds to assess the potential affect of the new construction or development on the environment.
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command-and-control approach
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a strategy for pollution control that involves a government setting rules and threats for violations of those rules/policies
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subsidy
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a sum of money granted by the government or a public body to assist an industry or business so that the price of a commodity or service may remain low or competitive
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green tax
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a tax placed on environmentally harmful activities or emissions by companies and/or whole industries
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cap and trade system
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market-based pollution control system in which the government sets an overall limit (cap) on how much of a pollutant is acceptable and issues vouchers to pollute to each company - companies can trade them amongst each other based on their needs to produce
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lobbying
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Engaging in activities aimed at influencing public officials, especially legislators, and the policies they enact. Businesses pay lobbyists (people) to convince legislators of the importance of their products. ex: manufacturing companies and pharmaceutical companies
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