ways pathogens cause disease, Toxins

3 ways pathogens cause disease:

anything that increases the virulence

what are some virulence factors? (anything that increases the virulence)

this way that pathogens cause disease is when pathogens use virulence factors to invade the body.

what are the three main virulence factors pathogens produce, when attacking directly?

this is an enzyme that bacteria can produce. it breaks down hyaluronic acid and ground substance. by breaking this down, bacteria can spread.

this is an enzyme that bacteria can produce that clots plasma

Bacteria produce this enzyme. It's an enzyme that breaks down collagen

what is the #1 protein in the body?

what is the main bacteria that produces coagulace?

S.aureus protects itself by producing coagulace which forms a clot. inside the clot, they multiply. now they are trapped. to spread throughout the body they have to break out of the clot. to do this they produce another enzyme called..

what does fibrolysin do?

main bacteria that produce fibrolysin:

first enzymes used in human medicine; breaks up clot

Group A Strep produce a fibrolysin called __________.

two types of toxins:

Exotoxins are gram ________.

Most exotoxins are _______.

are exotoxins or endotoxins heat labile (sensitive)?

____-toxins are excreted live.

Endotoxins are gram _______.

How are endotoxins released?

What are most endotoxins?

Lipid ___ is the toxic portion of LPS.

Are exotoxins or endotoxins heat stable?

Can you destroy endotoxins by autoclaving?

Gram ______ bacteria can grow in distilled water.

An IV must be sterile and ______-free (can't have anything in it that causes fever).

__________ is the strongest fever producer known.

horse-shoe crab

Limmulus has _____ blood.

The blood cells of a limmulus are called __________.

Scientists found that limmulus blood would harden, due to gram ________ bacteria.

Limmulus amoebocyte lysate has become the main test for ___________.

this is the main test for testing IV fluids for gram negative bacteria.

Toxoid vaccines are found in _____.

tetanus and diphtheria vaccines are __________ vaccines.

the vaccines against tetanus and diphtheria are _________, which are in inactivated toxins.