week 11 global health

involves process by which people are becoming more connected through increased economic integration, communication, and cultural diffusion

promoted advances in technology, science, communication, and cross-national interdependencies

process may generate unbalanced and outcomes for populations both between and within countries

also increased wide disparities in access to societal resources and opportunities they afford

nations, businesses, and people become connected and interdependent via increased economic integration, resource use, communication exchange, cultural diffusion and travel
leads to health inequalities
- can creates disparities in access to resources and opportunities
- free trade does not always equal fair trade
- conditions attached to loans by World Bank and IMF

areas of healthcare that understand and address the effects of globalization on health are public health, international health, and global health

an area of study, research, and practice that places a priority on improving health and achieving equity for all people worldwide

must examine colonialism

shares common concern for preventing disease and promoting health for communities and whole populations

your country and all other countries

interventions requiring cooperation with a higher income country with a lower and middle income countries

measures within a single country usually with population health promotion

impact of health problems, or disease burden, relates to number of years lost due to disease as measured by finical cost, mortality, morbidity, or other indicators

HCP must understand the basic strategies for detecting, controlling, and preventing infectious disease and managing chronic diseases (non communicable) globally

non communicable, communicable, and injuries

ishaemic heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lower respiratory infections, alzheimer disease and other dementias, trachea, bronchus, lung cancers, diabetes mellitus, road injury, diarrheal diseases, tuberculosis

while most of the recent new and emerging infectious diseases have been viral, bacterial infections are also a threat to global health

are unpredictable and have the potential for spreading quickly with high morbidity, resulting in social consequences

most significant risk from bacteria around the world currently is antibiotic resistant strains, such as multidrug-resistant staphyloccocus aureus (MRSA

global community has a desperate need for building capacity for early detection and timely response

women and children living in South Asia and sub=Saharan Africa continue to face the highest rates of maternal, neonatal, and child deaths

despite global decline in maternal mortality rates, it is alarming that nearly 830 women die every day from complications related t pregnancy and childbirth
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important marker for overall health of society

Sustainable Development Solutions Network has established 17 thematic groups that are solution oriented rather then research oriented

goal is to stimulate governments, united nations, and public toward discovery of practical solutions to greatest challenges of sustainable development

- no poverty
- zero hunger
- good health and well being
- quality education
- gender equality
- clean water and sanitation
- renewable energy
- decent work and economic growth
- industry, innovation, and infrastructure
- reduced inequalities
- sustainable cities and communities
- responsible consumption and production
- climate action
- life below water
- life on land
- peace, justice, strong institutions
- partnerships for the goals

there is strong evidence indicating that most of the global burden of disease and more specifically, health inequalities are caused by SDOH

throughout this course we have discussed the need to be aware of power in relationships, and giving voice to vulnerable populations within context of health (globally)

- look past dominant emphasis on individual care (commonly disconnected from social, economic, political and cultural contexts)
- engage critically and reflexively with social, historical, and political issues
- develop capacity in identifying tensions between personal professional interests and global interests
- work from premise that people's experiences of health and illness are culturally and geographically located

atttributes
- equity
- human rights
- democracy
- capacity building
- just institutions
- enabling environments
- poverty reduction
- ethical practice
- advocacy
- partnerships

globally, histories of slavery, redlining, environmental racism and predatory nature of capitalism underpin the design of global and public health systems, resulting in structural, racial and ethnic inequities within BIPOC communities
- ground global health in justice, acknowledging colonialism, racism, sexism, capitalism, and other harmful -isms pose the largest threat to health equity
- leadership shift to be more representative
- remove knowledge barriers between global south and global north

- poverty and hunger
- education
- gender
- child mortality
- maternal health
- HIV/AIDS, malaria,
- environmental sustainability
- global partnership

additional challenges
- adolescent pregnancy
- mental health
- hypertension and chronic disease
- healthcare workforce and nurse migration
- climate change and peace

individual vs communal responsibility
- de-politicizes solutions
- fits with declining welfare state

neoliberalism
- minimal government interventions, market driven economy
- increases power of wealthy and decreases power of working class

critical social theory
- seeks to understand a situation and alter conditions, leading t emancipation, equality and freedom

postcolonial feminist perceptive
- draws attention to unequal relations of power rooted in colonialism that systematically disadvantage some groups

without critical lens, nurses are left facilitating adaptation to unjust social structures rather than addressing issues to poverty and disparities

CNA, ICN (international council of nurses)
NGOS

Code of ethics
- maintaining awarness of broader global health concerns such as violations of human rights, war, world hunger, gender inequities, and environmental pollution. nurses work individually and with others to bring about social change

position statement on global health and equity
- citizens of the world have the right and responsibility to remain aware of what affects others, act upon inequities to the best of their ability, and speak on behalf of those who have no voice and no resources

- humility
- introspection
- solidarity
- social justice