question
What is Health?
answer
- positive
- comprehensive
- attentive to the mental health dimension
- inclusive of quality of life and spirituality
- comprehensive
- attentive to the mental health dimension
- inclusive of quality of life and spirituality
question
Evolution of Health
answer
- a concept that has evolved over time
- the word health is derived from an Old English word "hoelth" meaning whole of body
- no simple definition -- many factors contribute and influence health
- country of origin/ culture
- economics/ social class
- gender
- involves personal meaning
- is not constant
- the word health is derived from an Old English word "hoelth" meaning whole of body
- no simple definition -- many factors contribute and influence health
- country of origin/ culture
- economics/ social class
- gender
- involves personal meaning
- is not constant
question
WHO 1947 Post world war 2 ( definition of health)
answer
- a state of complete physical, mental, social and not merely the absence of disease
Health- a political concept of WWII
Criticized as : very broad, unattainable, costly
Health- a political concept of WWII
Criticized as : very broad, unattainable, costly
question
WHO 1986
answer
state of physical , emotional, intellectual, social, developmental and spiritual well-being not possible without peace, shelter , social, justice, education, food and equality.... a resource for everyday living
question
Defining Health
answer
No simple definition-- many factors contribute to and influence health
( i.e. country of origin, culture, economics, social class, gender)
( i.e. country of origin, culture, economics, social class, gender)
question
3 predominant perspectives or approaches to looking at health broadly
answer
1. biomedical
2. behavioural
3. socio- environmental
2. behavioural
3. socio- environmental
question
Medical or Physiological Model
answer
- absence of disease
- physiological status
- focus on disease, treatment, and acute care
- the absence of disease and infirmity
- focus on the cause of disease
- economical for governments to fund
- long history
- physiological status
- focus on disease, treatment, and acute care
- the absence of disease and infirmity
- focus on the cause of disease
- economical for governments to fund
- long history
question
Behavioural Model
answer
- lifestyle approach
- moves beyond disease prevention
- identifies behavioural risk factors
- increased complexity
- The Lalonde Report ( 1974)
- moves beyond disease prevention
- identifies behavioural risk factors
- increased complexity
- The Lalonde Report ( 1974)
question
Identified factors or determinants that influence health
( factors contributing to poor health)
( factors contributing to poor health)
answer
- environmental pollution
- city living
- alcohol, tobacco and drug use/ abuse
- inactivity
- eating patterns
- city living
- alcohol, tobacco and drug use/ abuse
- inactivity
- eating patterns
question
4 key determinants influencing individual/ population health
answer
- heredity
- environment
- health care system
- lifestyle - identified as contributing to 5 leading causes of Canadian deaths ( heart disease, cancer, CVA, COPD, accidents)
- environment
- health care system
- lifestyle - identified as contributing to 5 leading causes of Canadian deaths ( heart disease, cancer, CVA, COPD, accidents)
question
Socio- environmental Approach
answer
- broad social and environmental factors influence societal and individual health
question
Includes such influences as
answer
- income
- education
- air and water quality
- work hazards
- life stresses
- education
- air and water quality
- work hazards
- life stresses
question
Socio - environmental approach mid 1980s
answer
- determinants of health
- challenged the narrow biomedical and lifestyle approaches
- health promotion
- social justice and a sustainable environment
- challenged the narrow biomedical and lifestyle approaches
- health promotion
- social justice and a sustainable environment
question
Other influences on the Meaning of Health
answer
- Ottawa Charter ( 1986)
- Achieving Health for All ( 1986)
- Achieving Health for All ( 1986)
question
Ottawa Charter (1986)
answer
- shift from biomedical and behavioural ideas
- empowerment
- empowerment
question
Achieving Health for All (1986)
answer
Reflects a socio-environmental approach -- 3 challenges
- reduce inequities
- increase prevention effort
- enhance people's capacity to cope
- reduce inequities
- increase prevention effort
- enhance people's capacity to cope
question
Canadian Health Promotion
answer
...
question
Ron Labonte (1993)
answer
- a Canadian Health Promotion Scholar
- Defined health as including overlapping domains of illness, health, and disease
- Defined health as including overlapping domains of illness, health, and disease
question
Population and Health Model
answer
- Health Promotion + population health
- society is responsible
- Health practices + social and physical environments
- Social justice, equity, and mutual trust and caring, rather than power and status
- Health care, health protection and disease prevention complement health promotion
- Active participation is essential
- society is responsible
- Health practices + social and physical environments
- Social justice, equity, and mutual trust and caring, rather than power and status
- Health care, health protection and disease prevention complement health promotion
- Active participation is essential
question
UPEI School of Nursing- Definition of Health
answer
- a dynamic process incorporating both wellness and illness and influenced by political , economics, social and biological factors. In the PEI model these factors are the determinants of health
- wellness and Illness are unique, sometimes co- existing facets of health
- Wellness/ illness determines Level of wellness
- wellness and Illness are unique, sometimes co- existing facets of health
- Wellness/ illness determines Level of wellness
question
Determinants of Health
answer
- Income & Social Status
- Social Support Networks
- Education & Literacy
- Employment & Working Conditions
- Physical Environment ( Geography, housing, food security, community planning, climate change)
- Social Support Networks
- Education & Literacy
- Employment & Working Conditions
- Physical Environment ( Geography, housing, food security, community planning, climate change)
question
Determinants of Health
answer
- Biological and Genetic Endowment ( genetics, epigenetic)
- Personal Health Practices and Coping Skills
- Healthy Child Development ( from pregnancy to early life)
- Health Services
- Personal Health Practices and Coping Skills
- Healthy Child Development ( from pregnancy to early life)
- Health Services
question
Determinants of Health ( more)
answer
- Gender ( socially constructed roles/norms)
- social environment ( norms around healthy living)
- culture ( immigrant/refugee status, racial/ ethnic discrimination, indigenous ancestry )
- social environment ( norms around healthy living)
- culture ( immigrant/refugee status, racial/ ethnic discrimination, indigenous ancestry )
question
Wellness Promotion with Older Adults
answer
...
question
Leading causes of death in older adults
answer
- cancer
- heart disease
- stroke
older adults are highly receptive to wellness promotion programs
- heart disease
- stroke
older adults are highly receptive to wellness promotion programs
question
Barriers to Wellness Promotion with Older Adults
answer
- societal and health care professionals' attitudes and perceptions
- limited research and funding
- limited research and funding
question
Potential Areas of Wellness Promotion with older Adults
answer
- physical activity/ regular exercise
- management of hypertension
- smoking cessation
- immunizations
- medications
- leisure
- nutrition
- sleep hygiene
- others
- management of hypertension
- smoking cessation
- immunizations
- medications
- leisure
- nutrition
- sleep hygiene
- others
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