Gagne’s 9 Events of Instruction – Center for Instructional Technology and Training – University of Florida (ufl.edu)
Principles for multimedia learning with Richard E. Mayer | Harvard Initiative for Learning and Teaching
Glossary of Instructional Strategies (beesburg.com)
–PLEASE USE THE TEMPLATE PROVIDED BELOW–
Prior to this assignment, be sure to read Chapters 7 and 8 in Brown and Green (2020), University of Florida Center for Instructional Technology and Training (n.d.), Harvard Initiative for Learning and Teaching (2014),
Elberly Center (n.d.)Links to an external site.
, and Rowan (1996). For this assignment, develop an instructional design plan for the training you would design to address the problem or need you identified in previous weeks. There should be a clear connection between the objectives, learner characteristics, and instructional strategies. Prior to beginning work on this final paper, read the Week 5 Instructor Guidance page and review the Grading Rubric. This final paper should be added to your portfolio. Use the
Planning an Instructional Design Project Template
Download Planning an Instructional Design Project Template
to complete this assignment.
In the final paper,
· State the problem or need being addressed (Refer to Week 3.).
· Explain why the problem or need should be addressed (Refer to Week 3.).
· Describe how instruction will be delivered (e.g., place based, blended, facilitated online, self-paced elearning, etc.).
· Explain why the learning environment is the best choice for supporting your learners (Refer to your Week 3 Conducting a Learner Analysis assignment.).
· List the types of instructional activities that will be used in the instruction. For each activity,
· Explain which learning theory or theories support the activity’s use (Refer to your Week 2 Learning Theories discussion.).
· Explain which learning objectives align to the activity (Refer to your Week 4 Sequencing and Developing Instruction assignment.).
· Explain which tasks are supported by completing the activity (Refer to your Week 4 Sequencing and Developing Instruction assignment.).
· Explain how the activity either supports or is influenced by the learners’ characteristics you identified (Refer to your Week 3 Conducting a Learner Analysis assignment.).
· List the stages of the ADDIE model and explain what activities will occur within each stage (Refer to the ADDIE Model assignment in Week 1.).
· Describe how each of Gagné’s nine events of instruction will be addressed within the training you will design (Refer to the Gagné’s 9 Events of Instructional assignment in Week 2).
The Planning an Instructional Design Project final paper
· Must be seven to 10 double-spaced pages in length (not including title and references pages) and formatted according to APA Style as outlined in the Writing Center’s
APA Style
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· Must include a separate title page with the following:
· Title of paper
· Student’s name
· Course name and number
· Instructor’s name
· Date submitted
· For further assistance with the formatting and the title page, refer to
APA Formatting for Microsoft Word
Links to an external site.
.
· Must use at least three scholarly sources in addition to the course text.
· The
Scholarly, Peer Reviewed, and Other Credible Sources
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table offers additional guidance on appropriate source types. If you have questions about whether a specific source is appropriate for this assignment, please contact your instructor. Your instructor has the final say about the appropriateness of a specific source for a particular Assignment.
· Must document any information used from sources in APA style as outlined in the Writing Center’s
APA: Citing Within Your Paper
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guide.
· Must include a separate references page that is formatted according to APA Style as outlined in the Writing Center. See the
APA: Formatting Your References List
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resource in the Writing Center for specifications.
Week 5: Planning an Instructional Design Project
Submitted By
Student’s Name
On
Date
To
Instructor’s Name
Problems Statement
Explain the problem or need your project will address. Be sure to explain why the problem or needs should be addressed.
Instructional Delivery and Environment
Describe how instruction will be delivered (e.g., place-based, blended, facilitated online, self-paced eLearning, etc.). In addition, explain why the learning environment is the best choice for supporting your learners (refer to your Week 3 Conducting a Learner Analysis assignment).
Instructional Activities
Provide a brief introduction to this section.
Activities
List the types of instructional activities that will be used in the instruction.
Alignment to Learning Theories
Explain which learning theory or theories support the activity’s use (refer to your Week 2 Learning Theories assignment). Use the following table to complete this:
Activity |
Learning Theory |
|||||||||||||
State the Learning Activity |
Explain which learning theory or theories support the activity’s use. |
|||||||||||||
Etc. |
Note: Add additional rows as needed.
Alignment to Learning Objectives
Explain which learning objectives align to the activity (refer to your Week 4 Sequencing and Developing Instruction assignment). Use the following table to complete this:
Learning Objectives |
||
Explain which learning objective(s) is met by completed the activity. |
Note: Add additional rows as needed.
Alignment to Tasks
Explain which tasks support learners in completing the activities (refer to your Week 4 Sequencing and Developing Instruction assignment). Use the following table to complete this:
Tasks |
||
Explain which task best aligns to the activity. |
Note: Add additional rows as needed.
Alignment to Learning Characteristics
Explain how the activity either supports or is influenced by the learners’ characteristics you identified (refer to your Week 3 Conducting a Learner Analysis assignment). Use the following table to complete this:
Learner Characteristics |
|
Explain how the activity either supports or is influenced by the learners’ characteristics. |
|
Explain how the activity either supports or is influenced by the learners’ characteristics. |
Note: Add additional rows as needed.
ADDIE Model
Provide a brief introduction to this section.
Analysis
Briefly explain what activities, tasks, or deliverables will take place during the analysis stage of your project.
Design
Briefly explain what activities, tasks, or deliverables will take place during the design stage of your project.
Development
Briefly explain what activities, tasks, or deliverables will take place during the development stage of your project.
Implementation
Briefly explain what activities, tasks, or deliverables will take place during the Implementation stage of your project.
Evaluation
Briefly explain what activities, tasks, or deliverables will take place during the Evaluation stage of your project.
Gagne’s 9 Events of Instruction
Provide a brief introduction to this section.
Gain Learners Attention
Explain what will be done to gain the learners attention in your training.
Inform Learners of the Objectives
Explain how the learner will be informed of the learning objectives in your training.
Stimulate Recall of Prior Learning
Describe what will be done to stimulate the recall of prior learning in your training.
Present the Content
Describe how the training content will be presented in your training.
Provide Learning Guidance
Describe how you will provide the learner with guidance as they go through the training in your training.
Elicit Performance (Practice)
Describe how you will provide practice for the learners to reinforce what they are learning in your training.
Provide Feedback
Explain where and how feedback will be provided in your training.
Assess Performance
Explain how you will assess whether the learners have met the learning objectives in your training.
Enhance Retention and Transfer
Explain what will be done to help learners enhance retention and transfer information in your training.
References
List reference using APA format.
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7. Organizing Instruction
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Chapter 7
Organizing Instruction
Steve is preparing an afterschool Fun with Science program for his elementary school. The program is intended to provide a variety of science-oriented experiences for students in the first through fifth grades. The school’s principal and the school PTA have expressed a need for the program, and Steve has developed the program’s instructional goals and objectives. Steve knows his learners well and is excited at the prospect of putting together a series of activities that are both educational and fun. However, he is having trouble deciding how to sort and arrange the lessons so that children engage in a variety of appropriate activities as they progress from first to fifth grade.
Erin is an instructional designer for an international package delivery service. She has been given the task of creating a program that helps to ensure employee safety and wellness. She knows the instructional goals and objectives, and she has conducted a thorough task analysis to better understand the safety protocols and procedures employees need to learn. Erin now needs to decide what kinds of instruction will be offered.
Guiding Questions
How does organizing content and learning activities help an instructional designer?
What is a curriculum?
What are the events of instruction?
What is the continuum of learning experiences?
What are the various methods of instructional delivery?
Key Terms
curriculum (page 120)
Dale’s cone of experience (page 123)
distance education (page 120)
enactive experiences (page 124)
events of instruction (page 122)
generative (instructional event) (page 123)
iconic experiences (page 124)
job aids (page 130)
learning management system (LMS) (page 127)
lesson plans (page 120)
program of study (page 120)
programmed instruction (page 126
)
scope and sequence (page 120)
supplantive (instructional event) (page 123)
syllabus (page 120)
symbolic experiences (page 124)
units (of instruction) (page 120)
Chapter Overview
Designing the best instruction possible involves organizing instructional activities to create a satisfying and effective learning experience. This is particularly important when the content to be covered is sizable (e.g., yearlong training; multiple years of study for a degree; an entire K-12 curriculum). The activities of any one lesson often have to fit appropriately into a larger educational scheme. Understanding how these larger schemes work and how to develop such a scheme allows one to deliver better instruction.
Organizing content allows one to see the depth and breadth of the content to be covered, while organizing instructional activities allows one to see the range of methods used to communicate that content to the learner. A course of study organized by the content to be covered and the activities employed to cover them is called a curriculum. A curriculum for any course of study is described by its scope and sequence, the instructional events and learning experiences it encompasses, and the methods in which these events and experiences are delivered.
Scope and Sequence
There is a wide range of possibility when it comes to determining scope and sequence of instruction. Instruction can be designed to incorporate many activities over a long period of time (e.g., a program of study leading to a graduate degree), a single activity in a brief period of time (e.g., the instructions on the back of a packet of instant soup), or anything in between. The scope and sequence of the activities are determined by the instructional designer, based on the goals and objectives he or she has developed through needs, task, and learner analyses.
In K-12 settings, people most often think in terms of curriculums, units, and lesson plans. The curriculum is the entire scope of what is to be learned from beginning (pre-K) to end (twelfth grade); therefore, a curriculum is most often measured in years. Units are measured in months or weeks; they are large sets of activities that relate to a specific theme (e.g., oceanography or Greek myths). Lesson plans contain the specific, day-to-day activities that comprise a unit. The activities articulated in lesson plans are measured in hours or minutes.
The word “curriculum” is Latin in origin. Its original meaning is related to racing and racecourses. Literally translated, a curriculum is a race, a lap in a race, or a racetrack. Today, the word curriculum is used to refer to the organization of a course of study. A curriculum can be thought of as the set of markers necessary to define a course. (Translation source: “Words” by William Whitaker (2006).)
In college and university settings, people think in terms of programs of study, syllabi, and classes. A program of study is the entire set of courses that, once completed, leads to the conferring of a degree (e.g., Bachelor of Arts; Master of Science). A syllabus is the scope and sequence description for a single course (which is usually one semester in length), and classes are the individual meetings held regularly throughout the semester (classes are sometimes referred to as lessons in postsecondary education, particularly in the case of nonsynchronous distance education, when students and the instructor do not meet at a specific time on a specific day but instead complete assignments that include presentations as well as reading and responding within a given period of time, usually a week or a few days).
Nonacademic settings, such as business or government, may approach instruction in terms of competencies and certifications. These organizations may organize instructional activities in terms of courses or study guides that support individuals in improving work-related skills or achieving passing scores on professional certification examinations.
According to Orlich, Harder, Trevisan, Brown, and Miller (2018), sequencing instruction serves two essential purposes: either to isolate a piece of knowledge (a concept or principle) to help students comprehend its unique characteristics or to relate that concept or principle to a larger organized body of knowledge. Determining the scope of instruction serves the essential purpose of placing some restriction on just how much of any topic is covered as part of the instruction.
For any instructional event, one must determine both the scope (the amount of information) and the sequence (the order in which the information will be presented). Regardless of how one organizes and divides up the instruction, some scope and sequence must be developed at the outset in order to determine what is to be taught and the order in which it will be presented.
Levels of Organization: Macro, Micro, Vertical, and Horizontal
Curriculum expert George Posner (2003) describes organizing instruction by “macro and micro levels” and by “vertical and horizontal dimensions.” Macro and micro levels are relative terms when used in connection with instructional organization. According to Posner, the broadest macro level is that which refers to educational levels (e.g., the difference between elementary and secondary education). The micro level at its most specific refers to the relationships between concepts, facts, or skills within lessons. Posner’s descriptions of horizontal and vertical dimensions of instruction help to clarify the difference between scope and sequence. If one thinks of a program of study laid out sequentially (like a timeline), the sequence of study is the vertical dimension (for example, first grade, second grade, third grade, etc.). The horizontal dimension describes the scope—that is, all the various concurrent and integrated activities. Posner refers to organizing curriculum content that is taught concurrently as the “horizontal organization.” He refers to sequencing of content and activities (that is, deciding when content will be presented) as “vertical organization” (Posner, 2003).
Organizational Structures: Content and Media
Posner (2003) states there are only two basic methods of organizing a curriculum or program of study. Instruction can be organized by using either a content or a media structure. A content structure organizes the instruction by the concepts, skills, or attitudes students are to acquire (as described by the instructional objectives). A media structure organizes the instruction by the activities, methods, and materials used to teach the concepts, skills, or attitudes described by the instructional objectives.
The Events of Instruction
Associated with Posner’s micro level organization of instruction is determining the order of the activities within a given lesson, known commonly as the events of instruction. These events are discrete activities that work best in a specific order. The most elemental series of instructional events consists of an introduction, a body (a variety of activities related to the content), a conclusion, and an assessment (Smith & Ragan, 2005). As an example, consider a typical K-12 teacher’s lesson plan (see Figure 7.1). The activities and evaluation sections have been labeled by using the four elemental events of instruction.
Figure 7.1 An Example of a K-12 Teacher’s Lesson Plan
Source: Author
The eminent instructional designer and scholar Robert Gagne (1916–2002) theorized that there are nine events of instruction (1985).
Gain learners’ attention.
Inform learners of the objective.
Stimulate recall of prior learning.
Present the stimulus.
Provide guidance for the learners.
Elicit learner performance.
Provide feedback.
Assess learner performance.
Enhance retention and transfer (varied practice and reviews).
To put this theory into practice, each of the events described requires at least one instructional activity. The order of the activities makes a difference in the effectiveness of the instruction. The careful consideration of instructional events is analogous to the consideration that goes into a well-planned meal: the order of dishes served affects the overall experience.
Although the events of instruction are most often described in terms that make it seem as if the teacher is the active participant while the learners passively receive instruction, this should not be the case. Both directed and open-ended learning environments have carefully planned instructional events. In both environments, students may take an active role in each of the instructional events. Smith and Ragan (2005) observe that each instructional event can be viewed as having two aspects: the supplantive—those supplied by the instruction itself—and the generative—those generated by the student. For example, during an introduction event, the instructor may present activities intended to gain the learner’s attention, but the learner must activate his or her attention in order to participate effectively. During the body of a lesson, the instructor may present the activities, but the learner must actively participate by doing such things as focusing his/her attention, employing learning strategies, and offering and responding to feedback. The events of instruction should be considered a reciprocal process, with instructors and students making contributions that lead to an effective learning experience.
The Continuum of Learning Experiences
All learning experiences can be placed within a continuum. At one end of this continuum are the experiences in which the learner picks up skills, concepts, and attitudes by participating in a concrete, real-world activity. As an example of an extreme version of this, a person may learn to swim by being thrown into deep water, where the only option available short of drowning is to figure out how to stay afloat and propel oneself. At the other end of this continuum are the experiences in which the learner is exposed to skills, concepts, and attitudes through completely contrived or abstract activity. An example of an extreme version of this would be learning to swim by having someone describe it without actually getting near water.
The vast majority of instructional activities fall somewhere between the two extremes of this concrete-abstract continuum. One of the most popular methods of categorizing learning activities within this continuum is Edgar Dale’s cone of experience (Dale, 1969; Smaldino, Lowther, & Russell, 2008). At the base of Dale’s cone are direct, purposeful experiences (real-world activities), simulations, and dramatizations. In the middle of Dale’s cone are film or video presentations, pictures and photographs, and audio recordings. At the top of the cone are visual and verbal symbols (text and speech).
The psychologist Jerome Bruner describes learning experiences as being one of three types: enactive, iconic, or symbolic (Bruner, 1966). Enactive experiences are those at the base of Dale’s cone. As Bruner puts it:
We know many things for which we have no imagery and no words, and they are very hard to teach to anybody by the use of either words or diagrams or pictures. If you have tried to coach somebody at tennis or skiing or to teach a child to ride a bike, you will have been struck by the wordlessness and the diagrammatic impotence of the teaching process.
(1969, p. 10)
Iconic experiences are those that are placed within the middle of Dale’s cone. The iconic experience, “… depends upon visual or other sensory organization and upon the use of summarizing images” (Bruner, 1966, p. 10) Iconic experiences offer explanations through symbols or representations.
Symbolic experiences are those that are placed at the top of Dale’s cone. A symbolic experience is one in which the entire communication is conducted by using sounds and signs that have no direct association with the actual event. For example, languages are symbolic communication systems; the words we speak or read may arbitrarily represent concepts and real things, but they do so by completely artificial means. Bruner points out that symbolic systems are capable of conveying a tremendous amount of information in a compact and efficient manner. For example, scientists and poets convey vast amounts of information through symbols and words. Consider Einstein’s “E = mc2” or Frost’s “nature’s first gold is green.” Each are brief expressions that carry a tremendous amount of information to individuals who know how to interpret the symbols in the case of Einstein’s theorem and symbolism in the case of Frost’s words. It would take quite a long time to enact the content of either expression.
Dale’s cone of experience (see Figure 7.2) and Bruner’s descriptions are used by instructional designers to analyze the characteristics of various activities in order to make informed decisions about their use within an instructional plan. It is generally considered a good idea to make use of a wide range of enactive, iconic, and symbolic activities in order to provide students with a variety of learning opportunities.
Figure 7.2 Dale’s Cone of Experience
Source: Adapted from Dale, E. (1969). Audio-visual methods in teaching (3rd edn). New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
Enactive, iconic, and symbolic activities each have their own instructional strengths. For example, enactive activities generally give students greater opportunity to synthesize and apply what they are learning; however, these activities can be expensive to produce and time-consuming to participate in. Symbolic activities can be easily controlled to focus on the most important aspects of the instructional content and often make the best use of time when time is limited, but they often do not offer students an opportunity to explore the content details in a deeply meaningful manner.Understanding where learning experiences fall within the continuum between concrete and abstract helps answer questions such as the following.
How does this activity help students apply the content to situations outside the learning environment?
How quickly can students learn important content features from this experience?
Professionals in Practice
For a few years, I taught a judo class at the Bank Street School for Children. I had taught judo in a number of settings before that. There is a traditional method of teaching judo and an established curriculum for the sport. However, at Bank Street, I had to organize things a little differently to suit a special group of students. Judo is normally a highly physical activity and is generally taught in an enactive manner; students observe the instructor in action and then try out the movements by practicing with peers. My students at Bank Street were particularly verbal in their approach to learning, and it became obvious after the very first meeting that some portion of class time had to be devoted to more symbolic experience (in this case, discussion) in order to make the enactive experiences meaningful for this particular group.
Abbie Brown former teacher at the Bank Street School for Children New York City
Steve is going to use Posner’s idea of vertical and horizontal curriculum organization to help him arrange his program’s science activities by grade. He is going to consider each grade level as a step in the program’s sequence, and he will gather together age-appropriate activities that support the program’s instructional goals. Steve also wants the activities to be fun, and he knows his students like to do the experiments instead of watch them conducted by others or read about them. Steve will therefore be careful to provide as many appropriate enactive experiences as he can.
Erin’s instructional design is going to focus on producing a number of iconic and symbolic media for employees to serve as visual reminders about safety procedures with which everyone is already familiar. Because Erin plans to use a variety of activities, methods, and materials to provide instruction on both safety and wellness, she is going to use a media structure to organize her instruction.
Methods of Delivery
Instructional events and learning experiences can be organized for a variety of delivery methods. The most popular of these include the traditional in-person approach (classroom teaching), distance education, programmed instruction, and instructional media.
Classroom Teaching
Most people are familiar with classroom teaching through personal experience. In the United States, the traditional approach to organized instruction consists of one teacher working with a group of students who are similar in age and/or experience with the subject matter to be taught. This is the basis of the K-12 system; the assumption is that most students in a given grade are similar in age and have similar experiences with school subjects (e.g., one assumes someone in third grade has satisfactorily completed the first and second grades). This approach extends to postsecondary settings, where groups of students take a class with one or a few instructors; students in that class must meet the prerequisites (i.e., completion of specific courses or status as an undergraduate or graduate student) for the class in order to participate. Other groups that employ classroom teaching, such as businesses and military organizations, also follow this approach, grouping students by experience and ability to work with one or a few instructors.
Current classroom teaching practice traces its roots to Joseph Lancaster (1778–1838), an English educator who created a unique set of manuals that detailed the organization and management of group instruction (Saettler, 1990). Although instructional methods have changed considerably, Lancaster’s physical models for organization continue to heavily influence the classrooms of today.
The setup of a traditional classroom is a number of desks and chairs for students, generally organized to face a chalkboard, whiteboard, or projection screen. A teacher directs the instructional activities, offering and receiving feedback from students as the lesson progresses.
Programmed Instruction
Programmed instruction is the arrangement of content materials that allows a student working independently to form responses and receive feedback on those responses (with positive reinforcement for correct responses). The feedback and reinforcement come from the instructional media, not from a live instructor or facilitator. Although forms of programmed instruction have been part of teaching since the days of ancient Greece (Saettler, 1990), it became particularly popular in the 1960s based in large part on the work of the noted behavioral psychologist B.F. Skinner. Skinner described a need for the refinement of “teaching machines,” which are automated methods of providing instruction that would allow a multitude of learners to work through content at each learner’s own pace. With the advent of affordable computing systems and software that allows nonprogrammers to create software with relative ease (e.g., Adobe’s Captivate), programmed instruction has increased. A number of programmed instruction software titles, often referred to as “skill and drill” programs teaching everything from basic reading to preparation for the Graduate Record Examination, are currently available.
It is important to recognize that it is the instruction, not the technology used to deliver it, that is the focus of programmed instruction. Highly effective programmed instruction can be designed and delivered without the use of computing tools. The book Bobby Fischer Teaches Chess (Fischer, Margulies, & Mosenfelder, 1972) is an example of excellent programmed instruction that makes sole use of the printed page.
Distance Education
At present, the most common perception of distance education is that of a traditional classroom experience (one teacher, many students) translated into a communications environment that allows students to participate without having to congregate in a specific geographic location. Distance education may be synchronous (everyone involved participating within a specified time period; using videoconferencing or online chat) or asynchronous (everyone involved participating at a time of his or her own choosing; sharing messages using an online discussion board, postal letters, or email). Asynchronous distance education may also be delivered in the form of programmed instruction, allowing the student to review the material at an individualized pace without the need (or support) of a teacher or peer group.
With the ubiquity of inexpensive computing tools and telecommunications and the extensive networking of colleges and universities, Internet-based distance education, also known as online learning, has become a particularly popular topic among educators (Brown & Green, 2017, 2018).
In a distance education setting, all instructional activities are delivered through some communications medium that links geographically remote participants. One example is the use of a web-based learning management system (LMS), such as Blackboard or Moodle. A learning management system essentially provides a computer-based empty classroom that an instructor may fill with assignments and presentations; online message boards and chat areas are also a part of the courseware, facilitating communication among participants.
Distance education has a number of appealing features for education and training. Students do not have to travel to a classroom and in asynchronous situations they may participate at a time that works best for them. However, there is an interesting opposition of forces at work with distance education. At the same time that more students demand distance education options, most students say they do not really want to learn at a distance—that a live instructor and the presence of learning group peers is important to them (Simonson, Smaldino, Albright, & Zvacek, 2011).
Professionals in Practice
After the initial course consultation and the learning goals are identified, it is time to start chunking out the material by topics. Typically this is done in modules or weeks. Each of those chunks contains all of the learning content/lectures, readings, activities, assessments, and detailed instructions.
Most of my lectures are built with a custom Flash template that uses streaming video and then delivered through a learning management system. I also utilize several rapid development tools. Regardless of the tool(s) that I use to create the media, everything must be [US law] 508-compliant and accessible. It is important to remember that not all instructional media components need to be the same. Video is not always necessary or the best medium to deliver the content. Much of the time, voiceover PowerPoint or audio alone is just as effective and requires much less development time. In the end, you need to take into account the different platforms the learner may be using (i.e., PC, Mac, and mobile) and provide multiple formats of your media.
Kara Andrew Manager, Training and Instructional Design Solera Autopoint
Two Categories of Instructional Delivery
The methods of delivery can be thought of as belonging to two categories: those that involve immediate feedback to both the student and the instructor or those that offer immediate feedback to the student alone.
Providing immediate feedback to both students and the instructor(s). In instructional settings such as a traditional classroom or distance education, the students and instructors communicate with each other in a way that allows them to adjust their activities according to feedback received. For example, the teacher in a traditional classroom may notice his or her students are looking drowsy and decide it is time for a short break or the instructor of an online course may receive a number of messages asking for clarification of a particular concept and decide that he or she needs to offer a mini-lesson covering that concept in greater detail.
Providing immediate feedback to the student alone. Education conducted through programmed instruction does not have an instructor making adjustments to the experience based on learner feedback. The instruction may be programmed to respond to a student’s responses, but all possible responses are determined in advance of the student’s participation.
There are strengths and weakness associated with all methods of delivery. One strength of methods that provide feedback to both the instructor and students is that it can make the experience a more personal one for each learner; however, this method requires a great deal of work on the part of the instructor and requires students to follow a specific schedule for participating in and completing activities. Methods that offer feedback to the student but not the instructor are less personalized but can be offered to a much larger number of learners, all of whom may participate at a time of their own choosing and for however long they would like. Therefore, choosing the delivery method is a critically important instructional design decision, and the method used affects the selection of activities for purposes of effectiveness and efficiency.
Professionals in Practice
Most of my process for developing the instructional content/instructional media takes place during the design phase. This phase consists of interviewing subject matter experts, reviewing existing content, and evaluating proper learning methodologies for the type of content and the target audience (e.g., you would not want a surgeon only learning about a surgical procedure by hearing a podcast).
Once I have collected the subject matter and organized in a fashion applicable to the content, I write a draft of the instruction. I find the draft phase helps me derive the appropriate media type for conveying the knowledge, skill or behavior (or any combination of the three). By focusing on the writing first, I maintain the instructional integrity of the content keeping me from trying to “fit” the narrative into a specific media type. Once I have written the script and identified the formats for each module or learning activity, I select the development tools. These tools can be as simple as MS Word or as complex as a full video production rig or a simulation program.
Kenneth R. Hubbell SVP, Senior Manager, Instructional Design Strategy & Innovation, Wells Fargo Bank NA
The Hidden Curriculum
Although the content for a course of study can be described in terms of a curriculum, it is important to realize that there is often a hidden curriculum that accompanies the one described. The content and activities used to teach it combine to create a set of experiences for the learner that causes a change in how he or she relates to the world, or at least that part of his or her world upon which the content focuses. For example, young people do not just learn facts and figures while in school; they learn how to deal with others outside their home environment. This is referred to as “socialization” and is an important aspect of the school experience. People preparing to enter a profession also learn from the hidden curriculum. Participating in instructional activities with peers and other members of that professional community reveals the methods, expectations, and actual practices of that community.
Instructional Activities in Non-Educational Situations
There are times when instructional activities can be used to improve performance without specifically striving to teach people new information, skills, or attitudes. The field of human performance technology (HPT) directly addresses these issues. According to the International Society for Performance Improvement (ISPI) (2013), human performance technology “… has been described as the systematic and systemic identification and removal of barriers to individual and organizational performance” (ISPI, 2013).
HPT makes use of a wide range of interventions drawn from many other disciplines, including behavioral psychology, instructional systems design, organizational development, and human resources management. HPT stresses the analysis of present and desired levels of performance, looks for causes of performance gaps, guides the process of eliminating or minimizing those gaps, and evaluates the results (ISPI, 2013).
If analysis of a human performance problem indicates the need for an instructional activity, the goal of that activity is to provide support that fills the performance gap. One type of activity that supports performance is commonly referred to as a job aid.
Job Aids
Job aids are devices that relieve an individual of the need to memorize a set of steps or procedures. Often presented in paper or electronic format, job aids do not teach; instead, they support performance. One typically finds job aids wherever esoteric procedures are necessary to complete a task. The task itself is understood by the individual, but the steps involved in completing the task may be difficult to remember. Examples of job aids can be found in public transportation settings where ticketing machines provide instructions for their use and in most business offices where the steps involved in using the copy or fax machines are posted.
Using Organization to Improve Instruction
Understanding the organization, scope and sequence, instructional events, types of learning experiences, and methods of delivery gives one greater understanding of how to organize instructional activities and present them in the most effective way for a particular group of students. This facilitates creating an instructional situation that accommodates a range of learners, keeping in mind the ideas of universal design for education introduced in Chapter 5. Understanding the organization of instruction helps an instructional designer with the following tasks.
Choosing activities that support remediation and extension by using scope and sequence organization to identify appropriate content for students who need either extra support or an extra challenge.
Choosing activities that support the needs of a variety of learning styles, selecting a variety of different types of enactive, iconic, and symbolic experiences, and using Dale’s cone of experience as an organizer.
Selecting activities most appropriate to each instructional event in order to create an effective series of activities for a given lesson or instructional intervention.
Making available job aids that support the student and allow him or her to focus on the concepts to be learned instead of the steps involved in completing a specific task.
Choosing activities that are best suited to the delivery method or choosing the best delivery method to meet an individual’s or an organization’s needs.
The goal of every instructional designer is to create effective, efficient, and satisfying learning experiences for every student. Understanding the organization of instruction and making considerate use of a variety of instructional activities can help instructional designers meet this goal.
Steve has decided that the Fun with Science program will present a series of hands-on experiments that increase in complexity from first to fifth grade. The content will be unique for each grade level (for example, first grade will focus on biology and second grade will focus on physical science). The experiments will be presented in a traditional classroom by using Gagne’s nine events as the lesson structure.
Erin has decided to produce a series of computer-based tutorials and presentations, printed brochures, and job aids that help employees follow the company’s safety protocols and procedures. The materials are not sequential and can be used in any order.
Organizing Instruction and the Instructional Design Process
Organizing content and activities is an important part of the instructional design process. No matter which approach you take, organizing instruction should help you answer the following questions.
How much content will the instruction have?
When will different parts of the content be introduced within the instructional design?
What kind of enactive, iconic, and symbolic activities will be presented to the learners?
What kind of support activities will be offered for students who need extra help?
What kinds of activities will be offered for students who seek a greater challenge?
Summary
The content to be covered and the instructional activities used to convey that content can be organized into a curriculum. A curriculum defines and describes the content to be covered in terms of its scope (the amount of information) and sequence (the order in which the information is presented). Instructional content can be further organized at the macro level (for example, “elementary” versus “advanced” levels) or the micro level (the relationships between concepts, facts, and skills within any given lesson). Instructional content can also be described as having horizontal and vertical dimensions. The horizontal dimension is the range of content taught concurrently at any one time; the vertical dimension describes the sequence of the content taught over time. The organization of a curriculum can be based on either a content structure (the concepts, skills, or attitudes students are to acquire) or a media structure (the activities, methods, and materials used to teach the content).
The order in which activities are presented in a lesson is referred to as the events of instruction. Although instructional events may be described in much greater detail, the four basic events are introduction, body, conclusion, and assessment. Each instructional event has two aspects: the supplantive (that which is provided by the activity) and generative (that which is created by the student).
Learning experiences can be said to exist within a continuum that ranges from the concrete (real-world situations) to the abstract (symbolic representation). Jerome Bruner describes three types of learning experiences: enactive, iconic, and symbolic. These experiences are divided into more specific instances by using Edgar Dale’s cone of experience.
The methods of delivering instructional experiences include traditional classroom teaching, programmed instruction (the arrangement of content that allows students to work independently while receiving feedback from the instructional presentation), and distance education (students and teachers working in geographically diverse locations). These methods can be described as providing either feedback to both instructor and students or providing feedback to the student alone.
Non-educational instructional events are a part of the discipline of human performance technology (HPT). A common example of an instructional design that is not intended to teach is the job aid. A job aid supports performance by relieving an individual of the need to memorize a set of steps or procedures.
Understanding the organization, scope, sequence, events, experiences, and delivery methods helps the instructional designer understand what is necessary to create instruction that is effective for a variety of learners—from the average student to those who require either more support or greater challenges.
Chapter Comprehension Questions
A course of study organized by its content and activities is called a ________.
Sequence.
Scope.
Lesson.
Curriculum.
The scope of an instructional event is ________.
The amount of information to be covered.
The order in which the information will be presented.
The sequence of instructional events.
The skills learners possess before instruction begins.
The sequence of an instructional event is like a ________.
Microscope.
Horizon.
Timeline.
Deadline.
According to Posner, curriculum can be organized using a content or a media structure.
True.
False.
The order of activities within a given lesson is referred to as _______.
The scope of instruction.
The list of instruction.
The horizontal organization of instruction.
The events of instruction.
A generative instructional event is one that is ________.
Created by the student.
Supplied by the instructor.
The result of careful planning.
The result of careful analysis.
According to Bruner, an iconic learning experience ________.
Offers explanations through sounds and signs that are directly associated with the situation.
Offers an actual experience of the situation.
Offers explanations through symbols or representations associated with the situation.
Offers no participation or explanation of the situation.
Dale’s cone of experience has abstractions (text, pictograms, etc.) at its base and immersive, “real” experience at its top point.
True.
False.
The arrangement of content materials that allows a student working independently to form responses and receive feedback on those responses is known as ________.
Programmed instruction.
Just-in-time teaching.
Reflective teaching.
Distance education.
A device used to relieve an individual of the need to memorize a procedure is referred to as ________.
Programmed instruction.
A job aid.
Online learning.
An instructional event.
Connecting Process to Practice Activities
Could Steve have taken a different approach to organizing the Fun with Science program? Explain at least one other possibility for organizing and presenting the program.
What are some possible hidden curriculum issues that may be associated with Steve’s and Erin’s instructions?
If Erin’s superiors had requested that the safety and wellness program include a certificate of completion, what would she have to do to alter the organization of her instruction?
A multinational corporation has hired you as a consultant. The corporation is considering ways to offer business management courses to its employees worldwide. Explain the options for course delivery methods to the organization’s CEO.
You have been asked to develop a unit on ancient Egypt for fifth-grade students. What enactive, iconic, and symbolic experiences might you include in this unit?
You are the instructional designer for a nonprofit organization with a number of volunteer workers. The volunteers are often unfamiliar with the organization’s phone system, making it difficult for them to transfer calls. What might you do to address this problem?
You are the instructional designer for a university. The vice president of the university has asked to meet with you to discuss the possibility of offering a distance-education program leading to a bachelor’s degree in liberal arts. In order to make well-considered recommendations, what questions will you ask the vice president?
Examine the Common Core State Standards Initiative (see www.corestandards.org), and determine how the standards for English-Language Arts or Mathematics are organized at the macro and micro levels.
Recommended Reading
Dale, E. (1969). Audio-visual methods in teaching (3rd edn). New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
Posner, G.J. (2003). Analyzing the curriculum (3rd edn). New York: McGraw Hill.
References
Brown, A. & Green, T. (2017). Increased use of mobile technologies and digital content to provide un-tethered access to training and learning opportunities. In A. Brown & T. Green (eds), Educational multimedia and technology yearbook (Vol. 40, pp. 15–26). New York: Springer.
Brown, A. & Green, T. (2018). Issues and trends in instructional technology: Consistent growth in online learning, digital content and the use of mobile technologies. In A. Brown & T. Green (eds), Educational multimedia and technology yearbook (Vol. 41, pp. 61–71). New York: Springer.
Bruner, J.S. (1966). Toward a theory of instruction. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Dale, E. (1969). Audio-visual methods in teaching (3rd edn). New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
Fischer, B., Margulies, S., & Mosenfelder, D. (1972). Bobby Fischer teaches chess. New York: Bantam Books.
Gagne, R.M. (1985). The conditions of learning and theory of instruction. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
International Society for Performance Improvement (ISPI). (2013). What is HPT? Retrieved from www.hrispi.org/what-is-hpt-hampton-roads-ispi.
Orlich, D.C., Harder, R.J., Trevisan, M.S., Brown, A.H., & Miller, D.E. (2018). Teaching strategies: A guide to effective instruction (11th edn). Boston, MA: Wadsworth/Cengage Learning.
Posner, G.J. (2003). Analyzing the curriculum (3rd edn). New York: McGraw Hill.
Saettler, P. (1990). The evolution of American educational technology. Englewood, CO: Libraries Unlimited.
Simonson, M., Smaldino, S., Albright, M., & Zvacek, S. (2011). Teaching and learning at a distance: Foundations of distance education (5th edn). Boston, MA: Pearson.
Smaldino, S., Lowther, D.L., & Russell, J.D. (2008). Instructional technology and media for learning (9th edn). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill/Prentice Hall.
Smith, P.L. & Ragan, T.J. (2005). Instructional design (3rd edn). New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Whitaker, W. (2006). Words. Retrieved from http://lysy2.archives.nd.edu/cgi-bin/words.exe.
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@charset “utf-8”;
.fa.fa-pull-left, .fa.pull-left { margin-right: 0.3em; }
.fa, .fa-stack { display: inline-block; }
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.fa { font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 1; font-family: FontAwesome; font-size: inherit; text-rendering: auto; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; }
.fr-modal, .fr-popup, .fr-toolbar, .fr-tooltip { -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; }
.fa-lg { font-size: 1.33333em; line-height: 0.75em; vertical-align: -15%; }
.fa-2x { font-size: 2em; }
.fa-3x { font-size: 3em; }
.fa-4x { font-size: 4em; }
.fa-5x { font-size: 5em; }
.fa-fw { width: 1.28571em; text-align: center; }
.fa-ul { padding-left: 0px; margin-left: 2.14286em; list-style-type: none; }
.fa.fa-pull-right, .fa.pull-right { margin-left: 0.3em; }
.fa-ul > li { position: relative; }
.fa-li { position: absolute; left: -2.14286em; width: 2.14286em; top: 0.142857em; text-align: center; }
.fa-li.fa-lg { left: -1.85714em; }
.fa-border { padding: 0.2em 0.25em 0.15em; border: 0.08em solid rgb(238, 238, 238); border-radius: 0.1em; }
.fa-pull-left { float: left; }
.fa-pull-right, .pull-right { float: right; }
.pull-left { float: left; }
.fa-spin { animation: 2s linear 0s infinite normal none running fa-spin; }
.fa-pulse { animation: 1s steps(8) 0s infinite normal none running fa-spin; }
@keyframes fa-spin {
0% { transform: rotate(0deg); }
100% { transform: rotate(359deg); }
}
.fa-rotate-90 { transform: rotate(90deg); }
.fa-rotate-180 { transform: rotate(180deg); }
.fa-rotate-270 { transform: rotate(270deg); }
.fa-flip-horizontal { transform: scale(-1, 1); }
.fa-flip-vertical { transform: scale(1, -1); }
:root .fa-flip-horizontal, :root .fa-flip-vertical, :root .fa-rotate-180, :root .fa-rotate-270, :root .fa-rotate-90 { filter: none; }
.fr-command.fr-btn + .fr-dropdown-menu .fr-dropdown-wrapper .fr-dropdown-content ul.fr-dropdown-list li a .fr-shortcut, .fr-overlay, .fr-popup.fr-hidden, .fr-tooltip, .fr-tooltip.fr-visible { }
.fa-stack { position: relative; width: 2em; height: 2em; line-height: 2em; vertical-align: middle; }
.fa-stack-1x, .fa-stack-2x { position: absolute; left: 0px; width: 100%; text-align: center; }
.fa-stack-1x { line-height: inherit; }
.fa-stack-2x { font-size: 2em; }
.fa-inverse { color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.fa-glass::before { content: “”; }
.fa-music::before { content: “”; }
.fa-search::before { content: “”; }
.fa-envelope-o::before { content: “”; }
.fa-heart::before { content: “”; }
.fa-star::before { content: “”; }
.fa-star-o::before { content: “”; }
.fa-user::before { content: “”; }
.fa-film::before { content: “”; }
.fa-th-large::before { content: “”; }
.fa-th::before { content: “”; }
.fa-th-list::before { content: “”; }
.fa-check::before { content: “”; }
.fa-close::before, .fa-remove::before, .fa-times::before { content: “”; }
.fa-search-plus::before { content: “”; }
.fa-search-minus::before { content: “”; }
.fa-power-off::before { content: “”; }
.fa-signal::before { content: “”; }
.fa-cog::before, .fa-gear::before { content: “”; }
.fa-trash-o::before { content: “”; }
.fa-home::before { content: “”; }
.fa-file-o::before { content: “”; }
.fa-clock-o::before { content: “”; }
.fa-road::before { content: “”; }
.fa-download::before { content: “”; }
.fa-arrow-circle-o-down::before { content: “”; }
.fa-arrow-circle-o-up::before { content: “”; }
.fa-inbox::before { content: “”; }
.fa-play-circle-o::before { content: “”; }
.fa-repeat::before, .fa-rotate-right::before { content: “”; }
.fa-refresh::before { content: “”; }
.fa-list-alt::before { content: “”; }
.fa-lock::before { content: “”; }
.fa-flag::before { content: “”; }
.fa-headphones::before { content: “”; }
.fa-volume-off::before { content: “”; }
.fa-volume-down::before { content: “”; }
.fa-volume-up::before { content: “”; }
.fa-qrcode::before { content: “”; }
.fa-barcode::before { content: “”; }
.fa-tag::before { content: “”; }
.fa-tags::before { content: “”; }
.fa-book::before { content: “”; }
.fa-bookmark::before { content: “”; }
.fa-print::before { content: “”; }
.fa-camera::before { content: “”; }
.fa-font::before { content: “”; }
.fa-bold::before { content: “”; }
.fa-italic::before { content: “”; }
.fa-text-height::before { content: “”; }
.fa-text-width::before { content: “”; }
.fa-align-left::before { content: “”; }
.fa-align-center::before { content: “”; }
.fa-align-right::before { content: “”; }
.fa-align-justify::before { content: “”; }
.fa-list::before { content: “”; }
.fa-dedent::before, .fa-outdent::before { content: “”; }
.fa-indent::before { content: “”; }
.fa-video-camera::before { content: “”; }
.fa-image::before, .fa-photo::before, .fa-picture-o::before { content: “”; }
.fa-pencil::before { content: “”; }
.fa-map-marker::before { content: “”; }
.fa-adjust::before { content: “”; }
.fa-tint::before { content: “”; }
.fa-edit::before, .fa-pencil-square-o::before { content: “”; }
.fa-share-square-o::before { content: “”; }
.fa-check-square-o::before { content: “”; }
.fa-arrows::before { content: “”; }
.fa-step-backward::before { content: “”; }
.fa-fast-backward::before { content: “”; }
.fa-backward::before { content: “”; }
.fa-play::before { content: “”; }
.fa-pause::before { content: “”; }
.fa-stop::before { content: “”; }
.fa-forward::before { content: “”; }
.fa-fast-forward::before { content: “”; }
.fa-step-forward::before { content: “”; }
.fa-eject::before { content: “”; }
.fa-chevron-left::before { content: “”; }
.fa-chevron-right::before { content: “”; }
.fa-plus-circle::before { content: “”; }
.fa-minus-circle::before { content: “”; }
.fa-times-circle::before { content: “”; }
.fa-check-circle::before { content: “”; }
.fa-question-circle::before { content: “”; }
.fa-info-circle::before { content: “”; }
.fa-crosshairs::before { content: “”; }
.fa-times-circle-o::before { content: “”; }
.fa-check-circle-o::before { content: “”; }
.fa-ban::before { content: “”; }
.fa-arrow-left::before { content: “”; }
.fa-arrow-right::before { content: “”; }
.fa-arrow-up::before { content: “”; }
.fa-arrow-down::before { content: “”; }
.fa-mail-forward::before, .fa-share::before { content: “”; }
.fa-expand::before { content: “”; }
.fa-compress::before { content: “”; }
.fa-plus::before { content: “”; }
.fa-minus::before { content: “”; }
.fa-asterisk::before { content: “”; }
.fa-exclamation-circle::before { content: “”; }
.fa-gift::before { content: “”; }
.fa-leaf::before { content: “”; }
.fa-fire::before { content: “”; }
.fa-eye::before { content: “”; }
.fa-eye-slash::before { content: “”; }
.fa-exclamation-triangle::before, .fa-warning::before { content: “”; }
.fa-plane::before { content: “”; }
.fa-calendar::before { content: “”; }
.fa-random::before { content: “”; }
.fa-comment::before { content: “”; }
.fa-magnet::before { content: “”; }
.fa-chevron-up::before { content: “”; }
.fa-chevron-down::before { content: “”; }
.fa-retweet::before { content: “”; }
.fa-shopping-cart::before { content: “”; }
.fa-folder::before { content: “”; }
.fa-folder-open::before { content: “”; }
.fa-arrows-v::before { content: “”; }
.fa-arrows-h::before { content: “”; }
.fa-bar-chart-o::before, .fa-bar-chart::before { content: “”; }
.fa-twitter-square::before { content: “”; }
.fa-facebook-square::before { content: “”; }
.fa-camera-retro::before { content: “”; }
.fa-key::before { content: “”; }
.fa-cogs::before, .fa-gears::before { content: “”; }
.fa-comments::before { content: “”; }
.fa-thumbs-o-up::before { content: “”; }
.fa-thumbs-o-down::before { content: “”; }
.fa-star-half::before { content: “”; }
.fa-heart-o::before { content: “”; }
.fa-sign-out::before { content: “”; }
.fa-linkedin-square::before { content: “”; }
.fa-thumb-tack::before { content: “”; }
.fa-external-link::before { content: “”; }
.fa-sign-in::before { content: “”; }
.fa-trophy::before { content: “”; }
.fa-github-square::before { content: “”; }
.fa-upload::before { content: “”; }
.fa-lemon-o::before { content: “”; }
.fa-phone::before { content: “”; }
.fa-square-o::before { content: “”; }
.fa-bookmark-o::before { content: “”; }
.fa-phone-square::before { content: “”; }
.fa-twitter::before { content: “”; }
.fa-facebook-f::before, .fa-facebook::before { content: “”; }
.fa-github::before { content: “”; }
.fa-unlock::before { content: “”; }
.fa-credit-card::before { content: “”; }
.fa-feed::before, .fa-rss::before { content: “”; }
.fa-hdd-o::before { content: “”; }
.fa-bullhorn::before { content: “”; }
.fa-bell::before { content: “”; }
.fa-certificate::before { content: “”; }
.fa-hand-o-right::before { content: “”; }
.fa-hand-o-left::before { content: “”; }
.fa-hand-o-up::before { content: “”; }
.fa-hand-o-down::before { content: “”; }
.fa-arrow-circle-left::before { content: “”; }
.fa-arrow-circle-right::before { content: “”; }
.fa-arrow-circle-up::before { content: “”; }
.fa-arrow-circle-down::before { content: “”; }
.fa-globe::before { content: “”; }
.fa-wrench::before { content: “”; }
.fa-tasks::before { content: “”; }
.fa-filter::before { content: “”; }
.fa-briefcase::before { content: “”; }
.fa-arrows-alt::before { content: “”; }
.fa-group::before, .fa-users::before { content: “”; }
.fa-chain::before, .fa-link::before { content: “”; }
.fa-cloud::before { content: “”; }
.fa-flask::before { content: “”; }
.fa-cut::before, .fa-scissors::before { content: “”; }
.fa-copy::before, .fa-files-o::before { content: “”; }
.fa-paperclip::before { content: “”; }
.fa-floppy-o::before, .fa-save::before { content: “”; }
.fa-square::before { content: “”; }
.fa-bars::before, .fa-navicon::before, .fa-reorder::before { content: “”; }
.fa-list-ul::before { content: “”; }
.fa-list-ol::before { content: “”; }
.fa-strikethrough::before { content: “”; }
.fa-underline::before { content: “”; }
.fa-table::before { content: “”; }
.fa-magic::before { content: “”; }
.fa-truck::before { content: “”; }
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.fa-drivers-license-o::before, .fa-id-card-o::before { content: “”; }
.fa-quora::before { content: “”; }
.fa-free-code-camp::before { content: “”; }
.fa-telegram::before { content: “”; }
.fa-thermometer-4::before, .fa-thermometer-full::before, .fa-thermometer::before { content: “”; }
.fa-thermometer-3::before, .fa-thermometer-three-quarters::before { content: “”; }
.fa-thermometer-2::before, .fa-thermometer-half::before { content: “”; }
.fa-thermometer-1::before, .fa-thermometer-quarter::before { content: “”; }
.fa-thermometer-0::before, .fa-thermometer-empty::before { content: “”; }
.fa-shower::before { content: “”; }
.fa-bath::before, .fa-bathtub::before, .fa-s15::before { content: “”; }
.fa-podcast::before { content: “”; }
.fa-window-maximize::before { content: “”; }
.fa-window-minimize::before { content: “”; }
.fa-window-restore::before { content: “”; }
.fa-times-rectangle::before, .fa-window-close::before { content: “”; }
.fa-times-rectangle-o::before, .fa-window-close-o::before { content: “”; }
.fa-bandcamp::before { content: “”; }
.fa-grav::before { content: “”; }
.fa-etsy::before { content: “”; }
.fa-imdb::before { content: “”; }
.fa-ravelry::before { content: “”; }
.fa-eercast::before { content: “”; }
.fa-microchip::before { content: “”; }
.fa-snowflake-o::before { content: “”; }
.fa-superpowers::before { content: “”; }
.fa-wpexplorer::before { content: “”; }
.fa-meetup::before { content: “”; }
.sr-only { position: absolute; width: 1px; height: 1px; padding: 0px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; clip: rect(0px, 0px, 0px, 0px); border: 0px; }
.sr-only-focusable:active, .sr-only-focusable:focus { position: static; width: auto; height: auto; margin: 0px; overflow: visible; clip: auto; }
.fr-box a.fr-floating-btn.fr-btn + .fr-btn, .fr-image-size-layer .fr-image-group .fr-input-line + .fr-input-line, .fr-popup .fr-video-size-layer .fr-video-group .fr-input-line + .fr-input-line { margin-left: 10px; }
.fr-element, .fr-element:focus { outline: transparent solid 0px; }
.fr-box.fr-basic .fr-element { color: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 16px; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-x: auto; min-height: 52px; }
.fr-box.fr-basic.fr-rtl .fr-element { text-align: right; }
.fr-element { background: 0px 0px; position: relative; z-index: 2; user-select: auto; }
.fr-box a.fr-floating-btn, .fr-box.fr-basic.fr-top .fr-wrapper { box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12) 0px 1px 3px, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.16) 0px 1px 1px 1px; }
.fr-element a { user-select: auto; }
.fr-element.fr-disabled, .fr-popup, .fr-popup .fr-command.fr-btn, .fr-toolbar .fr-command.fr-btn, .fr-tooltip { user-select: none; }
.fr-element.fr-disabled { user-select: none; }
.fr-element [contenteditable=”true”] { outline: transparent solid 0px; }
.fr-box a.fr-floating-btn { box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12) 0px 1px 3px, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.16) 0px 1px 1px 1px; border-radius: 100%; height: 32px; width: 32px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(30, 136, 229); transition: background 0.2s ease 0s, color 0.2s ease 0s, transform 0.2s ease 0s; outline: 0px; left: 0px; top: 0px; line-height: 32px; transform: scale(0); text-align: center; display: block; box-sizing: border-box; border: none; }
.fr-box a.fr-floating-btn svg { transition: transform 0.2s ease 0s; fill: rgb(30, 136, 229); }
.fr-box a.fr-floating-btn i, .fr-box a.fr-floating-btn svg { font-size: 14px; line-height: 32px; }
.fr-box a.fr-floating-btn:hover { background: rgb(235, 235, 235); cursor: pointer; }
.fr-box a.fr-floating-btn:hover svg { fill: rgb(30, 136, 229); }
.fr-box .fr-visible a.fr-floating-btn { transform: scale(1); }
iframe.fr-iframe { width: 100%; border: none; position: relative; display: block; z-index: 2; box-sizing: border-box; }
.fr-wrapper { position: relative; z-index: 1; }
.fr-wrapper::after { clear: both; display: block; content: “”; height: 0px; }
.fr-wrapper .fr-placeholder { position: absolute; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(170, 170, 170); z-index: 1; display: none; top: 0px; left: 0px; right: 0px; overflow: hidden; pointer-events: none; }
.fr-wrapper.show-placeholder .fr-placeholder { display: block; position: relative; }
.fr-wrapper ::selection { background: rgb(181, 214, 253); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); }
.fr-box.fr-basic .fr-wrapper { background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; top: 0px; left: 0px; }
.fr-box.fr-basic.fr-top .fr-wrapper { border-top: 0px; border-radius: 0px 0px 2px 2px; background-clip: padding-box; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12) 0px 1px 3px, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.16) 0px 1px 1px 1px; }
.fr-box.fr-basic.fr-bottom .fr-wrapper { border-bottom: 0px; border-radius: 2px 2px 0px 0px; background-clip: padding-box; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12) 0px -1px 3px, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.16) 0px -1px 1px 1px; }
@media (min-width: 992px) {
.fr-box.fr-document { min-width: calc(853.701px); }
.fr-box.fr-document .fr-wrapper { text-align: left; padding: 30px; min-width: 21cm; background: rgb(239, 239, 239); }
.fr-box.fr-document .fr-wrapper .fr-element { text-align: left; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); width: 21cm; margin: auto; padding: 1cm 2cm; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12) 0px 1px 3px, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.16) 0px 1px 1px 1px; z-index: auto; min-height: 26cm !important; }
.fr-box.fr-document .fr-wrapper .fr-element hr { margin-left: -2cm; margin-right: -2cm; background: rgb(239, 239, 239); height: 1cm; outline: 0px; border: none; }
.fr-box.fr-document .fr-wrapper .fr-element img { z-index: 1; }
}
.fr-command.fr-btn.fr-active + .fr-dropdown-menu, .fr-tooltip { box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.16) 0px 3px 6px, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.14) 0px 2px 2px 1px; }
.fr-tooltip { position: absolute; top: 0px; padding: 0px 8px; border-radius: 2px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.16) 0px 3px 6px, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.14) 0px 2px 2px 1px; background: rgb(34, 34, 34); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 11px; line-height: 22px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; transition: opacity 0.2s ease 0s; opacity: 0; left: -3000px; user-select: none; z-index: 2147483647; text-rendering: optimizelegibility; }
.fr-tooltip.fr-visible { opacity: 1; }
.fr-popup .fr-btn-wrap, .fr-toolbar .fr-btn-wrap { float: left; white-space: nowrap; position: relative; }
.fr-popup .fr-btn-wrap.fr-hidden, .fr-toolbar .fr-btn-wrap.fr-hidden { display: none; }
.fr-popup .fr-command.fr-btn, .fr-toolbar .fr-command.fr-btn { background: 0px 0px padding-box; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); outline: 0px; border: 0px; line-height: 1; cursor: pointer; text-align: left; margin: 0px 2px; transition: background 0.2s ease 0s; border-radius: 0px; z-index: 2; position: relative; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: none; user-select: none; float: left; padding: 0px; width: 38px; height: 38px; }
.fr-popup .fr-command.fr-btn.fr-btn-text, .fr-toolbar .fr-command.fr-btn.fr-btn-text { width: auto; }
.fr-popup .fr-command.fr-btn i, .fr-popup .fr-command.fr-btn svg, .fr-toolbar .fr-command.fr-btn i, .fr-toolbar .fr-command.fr-btn svg { display: block; font-size: 14px; width: 14px; margin: 12px; text-align: center; float: none; }
.fr-popup .fr-command.fr-btn span.fr-sr-only, .fr-toolbar .fr-command.fr-btn span.fr-sr-only { position: absolute; width: 1px; height: 1px; padding: 0px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; clip: rect(0px, 0px, 0px, 0px); border: 0px; }
.fr-popup .fr-command.fr-btn span, .fr-toolbar .fr-command.fr-btn span { font-size: 14px; display: block; line-height: 17px; min-width: 34px; float: left; text-overflow: ellipsis; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; height: 17px; font-weight: 700; padding: 0px 2px; }
.fr-popup, .fr-popup .fr-command.fr-btn.fr-hidden, .fr-toolbar .fr-command.fr-btn.fr-hidden { display: none; }
.fr-popup .fr-command.fr-btn img, .fr-toolbar .fr-command.fr-btn img { margin: 12px; width: 14px; }
.fr-popup .fr-command.fr-btn.fr-active, .fr-toolbar .fr-command.fr-btn.fr-active { color: rgb(30, 136, 229); background: 0px 0px; }
.fr-popup .fr-command.fr-btn.fr-dropdown.fr-selection, .fr-toolbar .fr-command.fr-btn.fr-dropdown.fr-selection { width: auto; }
.fr-popup .fr-command.fr-btn.fr-dropdown.fr-selection span, .fr-toolbar .fr-command.fr-btn.fr-dropdown.fr-selection span { font-weight: 400; }
.fr-popup .fr-command.fr-btn.fr-dropdown i, .fr-popup .fr-command.fr-btn.fr-dropdown img, .fr-popup .fr-command.fr-btn.fr-dropdown span, .fr-popup .fr-command.fr-btn.fr-dropdown svg, .fr-toolbar .fr-command.fr-btn.fr-dropdown i, .fr-toolbar .fr-command.fr-btn.fr-dropdown img, .fr-toolbar .fr-command.fr-btn.fr-dropdown span, .fr-toolbar .fr-command.fr-btn.fr-dropdown svg { margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 16px; }
.fr-popup .fr-command.fr-btn.fr-dropdown.fr-active, .fr-toolbar .fr-command.fr-btn.fr-dropdown.fr-active { color: rgb(34, 34, 34); background: rgb(214, 214, 214); }
.fr-popup .fr-command.fr-btn.fr-dropdown.fr-active:focus, .fr-popup .fr-command.fr-btn.fr-dropdown.fr-active:hover, .fr-toolbar .fr-command.fr-btn.fr-dropdown.fr-active:focus, .fr-toolbar .fr-command.fr-btn.fr-dropdown.fr-active:hover { background: rgb(214, 214, 214) !important; color: rgb(34, 34, 34) !important; }
.fr-popup .fr-command.fr-btn.fr-dropdown.fr-active:focus::after, .fr-popup .fr-command.fr-btn.fr-dropdown.fr-active:hover::after, .fr-toolbar .fr-command.fr-btn.fr-dropdown.fr-active:focus::after, .fr-toolbar .fr-command.fr-btn.fr-dropdown.fr-active:hover::after { border-top-color: rgb(34, 34, 34) !important; }
.fr-popup .fr-command.fr-btn.fr-dropdown::after, .fr-toolbar .fr-command.fr-btn.fr-dropdown::after { position: absolute; width: 0px; height: 0px; border-left: 4px solid transparent; border-right: 4px solid transparent; border-top: 4px solid rgb(34, 34, 34); right: 4px; top: 17px; content: “”; }
.fr-popup .fr-command.fr-btn.fr-disabled, .fr-toolbar .fr-command.fr-btn.fr-disabled { color: rgb(189, 189, 189); cursor: default; }
.fr-popup .fr-command.fr-btn.fr-disabled::after, .fr-toolbar .fr-command.fr-btn.fr-disabled::after { border-top-color: rgb(189, 189, 189) !important; }
.fr-popup.fr-disabled .fr-btn, .fr-popup.fr-disabled .fr-btn.fr-active, .fr-toolbar.fr-disabled .fr-btn, .fr-toolbar.fr-disabled .fr-btn.fr-active { color: rgb(189, 189, 189); }
.fr-popup.fr-disabled .fr-btn.fr-active.fr-dropdown::after, .fr-popup.fr-disabled .fr-btn.fr-dropdown::after, .fr-toolbar.fr-disabled .fr-btn.fr-active.fr-dropdown::after, .fr-toolbar.fr-disabled .fr-btn.fr-dropdown::after { border-top-color: rgb(189, 189, 189); }
.fr-popup.fr-rtl .fr-btn-wrap, .fr-popup.fr-rtl .fr-command.fr-btn, .fr-toolbar.fr-rtl .fr-btn-wrap, .fr-toolbar.fr-rtl .fr-command.fr-btn { float: right; }
.fr-toolbar.fr-inline > .fr-btn-wrap:not(.fr-hidden), .fr-toolbar.fr-inline > .fr-command.fr-btn:not(.fr-hidden) { display: inline-flex; float: none; }
.fr-desktop .fr-command.fr-btn-hover, .fr-desktop .fr-command.fr-expanded, .fr-desktop .fr-command:focus, .fr-desktop .fr-command:hover { outline: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); background: rgb(235, 235, 235); }
.fr-desktop .fr-command.fr-btn-hover::after, .fr-desktop .fr-command.fr-expanded::after, .fr-desktop .fr-command:focus::after, .fr-desktop .fr-command:hover::after { border-top-color: rgb(34, 34, 34) !important; }
.fr-desktop .fr-command.fr-selected { color: rgb(34, 34, 34); background: rgb(214, 214, 214); }
.fr-desktop .fr-command.fr-active.fr-btn-hover, .fr-desktop .fr-command.fr-active.fr-expanded, .fr-desktop .fr-command.fr-active:focus, .fr-desktop .fr-command.fr-active:hover { color: rgb(30, 136, 229); background: rgb(235, 235, 235); }
.fr-desktop .fr-command.fr-active.fr-selected { color: rgb(30, 136, 229); background: rgb(214, 214, 214); }
.fr-desktop .fr-command.fr-disabled.fr-selected, .fr-desktop .fr-command.fr-disabled:focus, .fr-desktop .fr-command.fr-disabled:hover, .fr-desktop.fr-disabled .fr-command.fr-selected, .fr-desktop.fr-disabled .fr-command:focus, .fr-desktop.fr-disabled .fr-command:hover, .fr-popup.fr-mobile .fr-command.fr-blink, .fr-toolbar.fr-mobile .fr-command.fr-blink { background: 0px 0px; }
.fr-command.fr-btn.fr-options { width: 16px; margin-left: -5px; }
.fr-command.fr-btn.fr-options.fr-btn-hover, .fr-command.fr-btn.fr-options:focus, .fr-command.fr-btn.fr-options:hover { border-left: 1px solid rgb(250, 250, 250); }
.fr-command.fr-btn + .fr-dropdown-menu { display: inline-block; position: absolute; right: auto; bottom: auto; height: auto; z-index: 4; overflow: hidden; zoom: 1; border-radius: 0px 0px 2px 2px; background-clip: padding-box; }
.fr-modal, .fr-overlay { bottom: 0px; position: fixed; }
.fr-command.fr-btn + .fr-dropdown-menu.test-height .fr-dropdown-wrapper { transition: none 0s ease 0s; height: auto; max-height: 275px; }
.fr-command.fr-btn + .fr-dropdown-menu .fr-dropdown-wrapper { background: rgb(255, 255, 255); padding: 0px; margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: auto; margin-left: auto; display: inline-block; text-align: left; position: relative; box-sizing: border-box; transition: max-height 0.2s ease 0s; float: left; max-height: 0px; height: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; }
.fr-popup .fr-checkbox, img.fr-bordered { box-sizing: content-box; }
.fr-command.fr-btn + .fr-dropdown-menu .fr-dropdown-wrapper .fr-dropdown-content { overflow: auto; position: relative; max-height: 275px; }
.fr-command.fr-btn + .fr-dropdown-menu .fr-dropdown-wrapper .fr-dropdown-content ul.fr-dropdown-list { list-style-type: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; }
.fr-command.fr-btn + .fr-dropdown-menu .fr-dropdown-wrapper .fr-dropdown-content ul.fr-dropdown-list li { padding: 0px; margin: 0px; font-size: 15px; }
.fr-command.fr-btn + .fr-dropdown-menu .fr-dropdown-wrapper .fr-dropdown-content ul.fr-dropdown-list li a { padding: 0px 24px; line-height: 200%; display: block; cursor: pointer; white-space: nowrap; color: inherit; text-decoration: none; }
.fr-command.fr-btn + .fr-dropdown-menu .fr-dropdown-wrapper .fr-dropdown-content ul.fr-dropdown-list li a.fr-active { background: rgb(214, 214, 214); }
.fr-command.fr-btn + .fr-dropdown-menu .fr-dropdown-wrapper .fr-dropdown-content ul.fr-dropdown-list li a.fr-disabled { color: rgb(189, 189, 189); cursor: default; }
.fr-command.fr-btn + .fr-dropdown-menu .fr-dropdown-wrapper .fr-dropdown-content ul.fr-dropdown-list li a .fr-shortcut { float: right; margin-left: 32px; font-weight: 700; opacity: 0.75; }
.fr-command.fr-btn:not(.fr-active) + .fr-dropdown-menu { left: -3000px !important; }
.fr-command.fr-btn.fr-active + .fr-dropdown-menu { display: inline-block; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.16) 0px 3px 6px, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.14) 0px 2px 2px 1px; }
.fr-command.fr-btn.fr-active + .fr-dropdown-menu .fr-dropdown-wrapper { height: auto; max-height: 275px; }
.fr-bottom > .fr-command.fr-btn + .fr-dropdown-menu { border-radius: 2px 2px 0px 0px; background-clip: padding-box; }
.fr-popup.fr-rtl .fr-dropdown-wrapper, .fr-toolbar.fr-rtl .fr-dropdown-wrapper { text-align: right !important; }
body.prevent-scroll { overflow: hidden; }
body.prevent-scroll.fr-mobile { position: fixed; }
.fr-modal { color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; overflow: auto scroll; top: 0px; left: 0px; right: 0px; width: 100%; z-index: 2147483640; text-rendering: optimizelegibility; text-align: center; line-height: 1.2; }
.fr-modal.fr-middle .fr-modal-wrapper { top: 50%; left: 50%; transform: translate(-50%, -50%); position: absolute; margin: 0px auto; }
.fr-modal .fr-modal-wrapper { border-radius: 2px; margin: 20px auto; display: inline-block; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-width: 300px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.19) 0px 5px 8px, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.14) 0px 4px 3px 1px; border-width: 5px 0px 0px; border-right-style: initial; border-bottom-style: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(34, 34, 34); overflow: hidden; width: 90%; position: relative; }
@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 991px) {
.fr-modal .fr-modal-wrapper { margin: 30px auto; width: 70%; }
}
@media (min-width: 992px) {
.fr-modal .fr-modal-wrapper { margin: 50px auto; width: 960px; }
}
.fr-modal .fr-modal-wrapper .fr-modal-head { background: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.16) 0px 3px 6px, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.14) 0px 2px 2px 1px; border-bottom: 0px; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; width: 100%; min-height: 42px; z-index: 3; transition: height 0.2s ease 0s; }
.fr-modal .fr-modal-wrapper .fr-modal-head .fr-modal-close { padding: 12px; width: 20px; font-size: 30px; cursor: pointer; line-height: 18px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); box-sizing: content-box; position: absolute; top: 0px; right: 0px; transition: color 0.2s ease 0s; }
.fr-modal .fr-modal-wrapper .fr-modal-head h4 { font-size: 18px; padding: 12px 10px; margin: 0px; font-weight: 400; line-height: 18px; display: inline-block; float: left; }
.fr-modal .fr-modal-wrapper div.fr-modal-body { height: 100%; min-height: 150px; overflow-y: auto; padding-bottom: 10px; }
.fr-modal .fr-modal-wrapper div.fr-modal-body:focus { outline: 0px; }
.fr-modal .fr-modal-wrapper div.fr-modal-body button.fr-command { height: 36px; line-height: 1; color: rgb(30, 136, 229); padding: 10px; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; border: none; background: 0px 0px padding-box; font-size: 16px; outline: 0px; transition: background 0.2s ease 0s; border-radius: 2px; }
.fr-modal .fr-modal-wrapper div.fr-modal-body button.fr-command + button { margin-left: 24px; }
.fr-modal .fr-modal-wrapper div.fr-modal-body button.fr-command:focus, .fr-modal .fr-modal-wrapper div.fr-modal-body button.fr-command:hover { background: rgb(235, 235, 235); color: rgb(30, 136, 229); }
.fr-modal .fr-modal-wrapper div.fr-modal-body button.fr-command:active { background: rgb(214, 214, 214); color: rgb(30, 136, 229); }
.fr-desktop .fr-modal-wrapper .fr-modal-head i:hover { background: rgb(235, 235, 235); }
.fr-overlay { top: 0px; left: 0px; right: 0px; background: rgb(0, 0, 0); opacity: 0.5; z-index: 2147483639; }
.fr-popup { position: absolute; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); background: padding-box rgb(255, 255, 255); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12) 0px 1px 3px, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.16) 0px 1px 1px 1px; border-radius: 2px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: none; margin-top: 10px; z-index: 2147483635; text-align: left; border-width: 5px 0px 0px; border-right-style: initial; border-bottom-style: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-rendering: optimizelegibility; line-height: 1.2; }
.fr-popup .fr-input-focus { background: rgb(245, 245, 245); }
.fr-popup.fr-above { margin-top: -10px; border-top: 0px; border-bottom: 5px solid rgb(34, 34, 34); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12) 0px -1px 3px, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.16) 0px -1px 1px 1px; }
.fr-popup.fr-active { display: block; }
.fr-popup.fr-hidden { opacity: 0; }
.fr-popup.fr-empty { display: none !important; }
.fr-popup .fr-hs { display: block !important; }
.fr-popup .fr-hs.fr-hidden { display: none !important; }
.fr-popup .fr-input-line { position: relative; padding: 8px 0px; }
.fr-popup .fr-input-line input[type=”text”], .fr-popup .fr-input-line textarea { width: 100%; margin: 0px 0px 1px; border-top: none; border-right: none; border-left: none; border-image: initial; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(189, 189, 189); color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 14px; padding: 6px 0px 2px; background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); position: relative; z-index: 2; box-sizing: border-box; }
.fr-popup .fr-input-line input[type=”text”]:focus, .fr-popup .fr-input-line textarea:focus { border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(30, 136, 229); margin-bottom: 0px; }
.fr-popup .fr-input-line input + label, .fr-popup .fr-input-line textarea + label { position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; font-size: 12px; color: transparent; transition: color 0.2s ease 0s; z-index: 3; width: 100%; display: block; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.fr-popup .fr-input-line input.fr-not-empty:focus + label, .fr-popup .fr-input-line textarea.fr-not-empty:focus + label { color: rgb(30, 136, 229); }
.fr-popup .fr-input-line input.fr-not-empty + label, .fr-popup .fr-input-line textarea.fr-not-empty + label { color: grey; }
.fr-popup input, .fr-popup textarea { user-select: text; border-radius: 0px; background-clip: padding-box; outline: 0px; }
.fr-box .fr-video-resizer, .fr-element .fr-video, .fr-image-resizer, .fr-toolbar, .fr-view hr { }
.fr-popup textarea { resize: none; }
.fr-popup .fr-buttons { box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12) 0px 1px 3px, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.16) 0px 1px 1px 1px; padding: 0px 2px; white-space: nowrap; line-height: 0; border-bottom: 0px; }
.fr-popup .fr-buttons::after { clear: both; display: block; content: “”; height: 0px; }
.fr-popup .fr-buttons .fr-btn { display: inline-block; float: none; }
.fr-popup .fr-buttons .fr-btn i { float: left; }
.fr-popup .fr-buttons .fr-separator { display: inline-block; float: none; }
.fr-popup .fr-layer { width: 225px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 10px; display: none; }
@media (min-width: 768px) {
.fr-popup .fr-layer { width: 300px; }
}
.fr-popup .fr-layer.fr-active { display: inline-block; }
.fr-popup .fr-action-buttons { z-index: 7; height: 36px; text-align: right; }
.fr-popup .fr-action-buttons button.fr-command { height: 36px; line-height: 1; color: rgb(30, 136, 229); padding: 10px; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; border: none; background: 0px 0px padding-box; font-size: 16px; outline: 0px; transition: background 0.2s ease 0s; border-radius: 2px; }
.fr-popup .fr-action-buttons button.fr-command + button { margin-left: 24px; }
.fr-popup .fr-action-buttons button.fr-command:focus, .fr-popup .fr-action-buttons button.fr-command:hover { background: rgb(235, 235, 235); color: rgb(30, 136, 229); }
.fr-popup .fr-action-buttons button.fr-command:active { background: rgb(214, 214, 214); color: rgb(30, 136, 229); }
.fr-popup .fr-checkbox { position: relative; display: inline-block; width: 16px; height: 16px; line-height: 1; box-sizing: content-box; vertical-align: middle; }
.fr-popup .fr-checkbox span, .fr-text-edit-layer { box-sizing: border-box; }
.fr-popup .fr-checkbox svg { margin-left: 2px; margin-top: 2px; display: none; width: 10px; height: 10px; }
.fr-popup .fr-checkbox span { border: 1px solid rgb(34, 34, 34); border-radius: 2px; background-clip: padding-box; width: 16px; height: 16px; display: inline-block; position: relative; z-index: 1; box-sizing: border-box; transition: background 0.2s ease 0s, border-color 0.2s ease 0s; }
.fr-popup .fr-checkbox input { position: absolute; z-index: 2; opacity: 0; border: 0px; cursor: pointer; height: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 16px; top: 1px; left: 1px; }
.fr-opacity-0, .fr-popup .fr-image-upload-layer .fr-form, .fr-popup .fr-video-upload-layer .fr-form { opacity: 0; }
.fr-popup .fr-checkbox input:checked + span { background: rgb(30, 136, 229); border-color: rgb(30, 136, 229); }
.fr-popup .fr-checkbox input:checked + span svg { display: block; }
.fr-popup .fr-checkbox input:focus + span { border-color: rgb(30, 136, 229); }
.fr-popup .fr-checkbox-line { font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.4px; margin-top: 10px; }
.fr-popup .fr-checkbox-line label { cursor: pointer; margin: 0px 5px; vertical-align: middle; }
.fr-popup.fr-rtl { direction: rtl; text-align: right; }
.fr-popup.fr-rtl .fr-action-buttons, .fr-toolbar { text-align: left; }
.fr-popup.fr-rtl .fr-input-line input + label, .fr-popup.fr-rtl .fr-input-line textarea + label { left: auto; right: 0px; }
.fr-popup.fr-rtl .fr-buttons .fr-separator.fr-vs { float: right; }
.fr-popup .fr-arrow { width: 0px; height: 0px; border-left: 5px solid transparent; border-right: 5px solid transparent; border-bottom: 5px solid rgb(34, 34, 34); position: absolute; top: -9px; left: 50%; margin-left: -5px; display: inline-block; }
.fr-popup.fr-above .fr-arrow { top: auto; bottom: -9px; border-bottom: 0px; border-top: 5px solid rgb(34, 34, 34); }
.fr-text-edit-layer { width: 250px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block !important; }
.fr-toolbar { color: rgb(34, 34, 34); background: padding-box rgb(255, 255, 255); position: relative; z-index: 4; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: none; padding: 0px 2px; border-radius: 2px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12) 0px 1px 3px, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.16) 0px 1px 1px 1px; border-width: 5px 0px 0px; border-right-style: initial; border-bottom-style: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-rendering: optimizelegibility; line-height: 1.2; }
.fr-toolbar::after { clear: both; display: block; content: “”; height: 0px; }
.fr-toolbar.fr-rtl { text-align: right; }
.fr-toolbar.fr-inline { display: none; white-space: nowrap; position: absolute; margin-top: 10px; }
.fr-toolbar.fr-inline .fr-arrow { width: 0px; height: 0px; border-left: 5px solid transparent; border-right: 5px solid transparent; border-bottom: 5px solid rgb(34, 34, 34); position: absolute; top: -9px; left: 50%; margin-left: -5px; display: inline-block; }
.fr-toolbar.fr-inline.fr-above { margin-top: -10px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12) 0px -1px 3px, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.16) 0px -1px 1px 1px; border-bottom: 5px solid rgb(34, 34, 34); border-top: 0px; }
.fr-toolbar.fr-bottom, .fr-toolbar.fr-top { background-clip: padding-box; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12) 0px 1px 3px, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.16) 0px 1px 1px 1px; }
.fr-toolbar.fr-inline.fr-above .fr-arrow { top: auto; bottom: -9px; border-bottom: 0px; border-top-color: inherit; border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 5px; }
.fr-toolbar.fr-top { top: 0px; border-radius: 2px 2px 0px 0px; background-clip: padding-box; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12) 0px 1px 3px, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.16) 0px 1px 1px 1px; }
.fr-toolbar.fr-bottom { bottom: 0px; border-radius: 0px 0px 2px 2px; background-clip: padding-box; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12) 0px 1px 3px, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.16) 0px 1px 1px 1px; }
.fr-separator { background: rgb(235, 235, 235); display: block; vertical-align: top; float: left; }
.fr-separator + .fr-separator { display: none; }
.fr-separator.fr-vs { height: 34px; width: 1px; margin: 2px; }
.fr-separator.fr-hs { clear: both; height: 1px; width: calc(100% – 4px); margin: 0px 2px; }
.fr-separator.fr-hidden { display: none !important; }
.fr-rtl .fr-separator { float: right; }
.fr-toolbar.fr-inline .fr-separator.fr-hs { float: none; }
.fr-toolbar.fr-inline .fr-separator.fr-vs { float: none; display: inline-block; }
.fr-visibility-helper { display: none; margin-left: 0px !important; }
@media (min-width: 768px) {
.fr-visibility-helper { margin-left: 1px !important; }
}
@media (min-width: 992px) {
.fr-visibility-helper { margin-left: 2px !important; }
}
@media (min-width: 1200px) {
.fr-visibility-helper { margin-left: 3px !important; }
}
.fr-opacity-0 { opacity: 0; }
.fr-box { position: relative; }
.fr-sticky { position: sticky; }
.fr-sticky-off { position: relative; }
.fr-sticky-on { position: fixed; }
.fr-sticky-on.fr-sticky-ios { position: absolute; left: 0px; right: 0px; width: auto !important; }
.fr-sticky-dummy { display: none; }
.fr-sticky-box > .fr-sticky-dummy, .fr-sticky-on + .fr-sticky-dummy { display: block; }
span.fr-sr-only { position: absolute; width: 1px; height: 1px; padding: 0px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; clip: rect(0px, 0px, 0px, 0px); border: 0px; }
.fr-img-caption.fr-rounded img, img.fr-rounded { border-radius: 10px; background-clip: padding-box; }
.fr-img-caption.fr-bordered img, img.fr-bordered { border: 5px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); }
img.fr-bordered { box-sizing: content-box; }
.fr-img-caption.fr-bordered img { box-sizing: border-box; }
.fr-image-resizer, .fr-view .fr-video > * { box-sizing: content-box; }
.fr-img-caption.fr-shadow img, img.fr-shadow { box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12) 0px 1px 3px, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.16) 0px 1px 1px 1px; }
.fr-view { overflow-wrap: break-word; }
.fr-view span[style~=”color:”] a { color: inherit; }
.fr-view strong { font-weight: 700; }
.fr-view table { border: none; border-collapse: collapse; empty-cells: show; max-width: 100%; }
.fr-view table td { min-width: 5px; }
.fr-view table.fr-dashed-borders td, .fr-view table.fr-dashed-borders th { border-style: dashed; }
.fr-view table.fr-alternate-rows tbody tr:nth-child(2n) { background: rgb(245, 245, 245); }
.fr-view table td, .fr-view table th { border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); }
.fr-view table td:empty, .fr-view table th:empty { height: 20px; }
.fr-view table td.fr-highlighted, .fr-view table th.fr-highlighted { border: 1px double red; }
.fr-view table td.fr-thick, .fr-view table th.fr-thick { border-width: 2px; }
.fr-view table th { background: rgb(230, 230, 230); }
.fr-view hr { clear: both; user-select: none; break-after: page; }
.fr-view .fr-file { position: relative; }
.fr-view .fr-file::after { position: relative; content: “📎”; font-weight: 400; }
.fr-view pre { white-space: pre-wrap; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: visible; }
.fr-view[dir=”rtl”] blockquote { border-left: none; border-right: 2px solid rgb(94, 53, 177); margin-right: 0px; padding-right: 5px; padding-left: 0px; }
.fr-view[dir=”rtl”] blockquote blockquote { border-color: rgb(0, 188, 212); }
.fr-view[dir=”rtl”] blockquote blockquote blockquote { border-color: rgb(67, 160, 71); }
.fr-view blockquote { border-left: 2px solid rgb(94, 53, 177); margin-left: 0px; padding-left: 5px; color: rgb(94, 53, 177); }
.fr-view blockquote blockquote { border-color: rgb(0, 188, 212); color: rgb(0, 188, 212); }
.fr-view blockquote blockquote blockquote { border-color: rgb(67, 160, 71); color: rgb(67, 160, 71); }
.fr-view span.fr-emoticon { font-weight: 400; font-family: “Apple Color Emoji”, “Segoe UI Emoji”, NotoColorEmoji, “Segoe UI Symbol”, “Android Emoji”, EmojiSymbols; display: inline; line-height: 0; }
.fr-view span.fr-emoticon.fr-emoticon-img { font-size: inherit; height: 1em; width: 1em; min-height: 20px; min-width: 20px; display: inline-block; margin: -0.1em 0.1em 0.1em; line-height: 1; vertical-align: middle; background-repeat: no-repeat !important; }
.fr-view .fr-text-gray { color: rgb(170, 170, 170) !important; }
.fr-view a.fr-green, a.fr-view.fr-green { color: green; }
.fr-view .fr-text-bordered { border-top: 1px solid rgb(34, 34, 34); border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(34, 34, 34); padding: 10px 0px; }
.fr-view .fr-text-spaced { letter-spacing: 1px; }
.fr-view .fr-text-uppercase { text-transform: uppercase; }
.fr-view .fr-class-highlighted { background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0); }
.fr-view .fr-class-code { border-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-radius: 2px; background: rgb(245, 245, 245); padding: 10px; font-family: “Courier New”, Courier, monospace; }
.fr-view .fr-class-transparency { opacity: 0.5; }
.fr-view img { position: relative; max-width: 100%; }
.fr-view img.fr-dib { margin: 5px auto; display: block; float: none; vertical-align: top; }
.fr-view img.fr-dib.fr-fil { margin-left: 0px; text-align: left; }
.fr-view img.fr-dib.fr-fir { margin-right: 0px; text-align: right; }
.fr-view img.fr-dii { display: inline-block; float: none; vertical-align: bottom; margin-left: 5px; margin-right: 5px; max-width: calc(100% – 10px); }
.fr-view img.fr-dii.fr-fil { float: left; margin: 5px 25px 5px 0px; max-width: calc(100% – 5px); }
.fr-view img.fr-dii.fr-fir { float: right; margin: 5px 0px 5px 5px; max-width: calc(100% – 5px); }
.fr-view span.fr-img-caption { position: relative; max-width: 100%; }
.fr-view span.fr-img-caption.fr-dib { margin: 5px auto; display: block; float: none; vertical-align: top; }
.fr-view span.fr-img-caption.fr-dib.fr-fil { margin-left: 0px; text-align: left; }
.fr-view span.fr-img-caption.fr-dib.fr-fir { margin-right: 0px; text-align: right; }
.fr-view span.fr-img-caption.fr-dii { display: inline-block; float: none; vertical-align: bottom; margin-left: 5px; margin-right: 5px; max-width: calc(100% – 10px); }
.fr-view span.fr-img-caption.fr-dii.fr-fil { float: left; margin: 5px 25px 5px 0px; max-width: calc(100% – 5px); }
.fr-view span.fr-img-caption.fr-dii.fr-fir { float: right; margin: 5px 0px 5px 5px; max-width: calc(100% – 5px); }
.fr-view .fr-video { text-align: center; position: relative; }
.fr-view .fr-video.fr-rv { padding-bottom: 56.25%; padding-top: 30px; height: 0px; overflow: hidden; }
.fr-view .fr-video.fr-rv embed, .fr-view .fr-video.fr-rv object, .fr-view .fr-video.fr-rv > iframe { top: 0px; left: 0px; width: 100%; height: 100%; position: absolute !important; }
.fr-view .fr-video > * { box-sizing: content-box; max-width: 100%; border: none; }
.fr-view .fr-video.fr-dvb { display: block; clear: both; }
.fr-view .fr-video.fr-dvb.fr-fvl { text-align: left; }
.fr-view .fr-video.fr-dvb.fr-fvr { text-align: right; }
.fr-view .fr-video.fr-dvi { display: inline-block; }
.fr-view .fr-video.fr-dvi.fr-fvl { float: left; }
.fr-view .fr-video.fr-dvi.fr-fvr { float: right; }
.fr-view a.fr-strong { font-weight: 700; }
.fr-view .fr-img-caption { text-align: center; }
.fr-view .fr-img-caption .fr-img-wrap { padding: 0px; display: inline-block; margin: auto; text-align: center; width: 100%; }
.fr-view .fr-img-caption .fr-img-wrap img { display: block; margin: auto; width: 100%; }
.fr-view .fr-img-caption .fr-img-wrap > span { margin: auto; display: block; padding: 5px 5px 10px; font-size: 14px; font-weight: initial; box-sizing: border-box; opacity: 0.9; width: 100%; text-align: center; }
.fr-view button.fr-rounded, .fr-view input.fr-rounded, .fr-view textarea.fr-rounded { border-radius: 10px; background-clip: padding-box; }
.fr-view button.fr-large, .fr-view input.fr-large, .fr-view textarea.fr-large { font-size: 24px; }
.fr-view ol, .fr-view ul { list-style-position: inside; }
a.fr-view.fr-strong { font-weight: 700; }
img.fr-view { position: relative; max-width: 100%; }
img.fr-view.fr-dib { margin: 5px auto; display: block; float: none; vertical-align: top; }
img.fr-view.fr-dib.fr-fil { margin-left: 0px; text-align: left; }
img.fr-view.fr-dib.fr-fir { margin-right: 0px; text-align: right; }
img.fr-view.fr-dii { display: inline-block; float: none; vertical-align: bottom; margin-left: 5px; margin-right: 5px; max-width: calc(100% – 10px); }
img.fr-view.fr-dii.fr-fil { float: left; margin: 5px 25px 5px 0px; max-width: calc(100% – 5px); }
img.fr-view.fr-dii.fr-fir { float: right; margin: 5px 0px 5px 5px; max-width: calc(100% – 5px); }
span.fr-img-caption.fr-view { position: relative; max-width: 100%; }
span.fr-img-caption.fr-view.fr-dib { margin: 5px auto; display: block; float: none; vertical-align: top; }
span.fr-img-caption.fr-view.fr-dib.fr-fil { margin-left: 0px; text-align: left; }
span.fr-img-caption.fr-view.fr-dib.fr-fir { margin-right: 0px; text-align: right; }
span.fr-img-caption.fr-view.fr-dii { display: inline-block; float: none; vertical-align: bottom; margin-left: 5px; margin-right: 5px; max-width: calc(100% – 10px); }
span.fr-img-caption.fr-view.fr-dii.fr-fil { float: left; margin: 5px 25px 5px 0px; max-width: calc(100% – 5px); }
span.fr-img-caption.fr-view.fr-dii.fr-fir { float: right; margin: 5px 0px 5px 5px; max-width: calc(100% – 5px); }
.fr-element img { cursor: pointer; padding: 0px 1px; }
.fr-popup .fr-image-upload-layer, .fr-popup .fr-video-upload-layer { padding: 25px 0px; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1px; line-height: 140%; text-align: center; }
.fr-image-resizer { position: absolute; border: 1px solid rgb(30, 136, 229); display: none; user-select: none; box-sizing: content-box; }
.fr-image-resizer.fr-active { display: block; }
.fr-image-resizer .fr-handler { display: block; position: absolute; background: rgb(30, 136, 229); border: 1px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); z-index: 4; box-sizing: border-box; width: 12px; height: 12px; }
.fr-image-resizer .fr-handler.fr-hnw { cursor: nw-resize; left: -6px; top: -6px; }
.fr-image-resizer .fr-handler.fr-hne { cursor: ne-resize; right: -6px; top: -6px; }
.fr-image-resizer .fr-handler.fr-hsw { cursor: sw-resize; left: -6px; bottom: -6px; }
.fr-image-resizer .fr-handler.fr-hse { cursor: se-resize; right: -6px; bottom: -6px; }
@media (min-width: 1200px) {
.fr-image-resizer .fr-handler { width: 10px; height: 10px; }
.fr-image-resizer .fr-handler.fr-hnw { left: -5px; top: -5px; }
.fr-image-resizer .fr-handler.fr-hne { right: -5px; top: -5px; }
.fr-image-resizer .fr-handler.fr-hsw { left: -5px; bottom: -5px; }
.fr-image-resizer .fr-handler.fr-hse { right: -5px; bottom: -5px; }
}
.fr-image-overlay { position: fixed; inset: 0px; z-index: 2147483640; display: none; }
.fr-popup .fr-image-upload-layer { border: 2px dashed rgb(189, 189, 189); position: relative; }
.fr-popup .fr-image-upload-layer:hover { background: rgb(235, 235, 235); }
.fr-popup .fr-image-upload-layer.fr-drop { background: rgb(235, 235, 235); border-color: rgb(30, 136, 229); }
.fr-popup .fr-image-upload-layer .fr-form { opacity: 0; position: absolute; inset: 0px; z-index: 2147483640; overflow: hidden; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; width: 100% !important; }
.fr-popup .fr-image-upload-layer .fr-form input { cursor: pointer; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 0px; bottom: 0px; width: 500%; height: 100%; margin: 0px; font-size: 400px; }
.fr-popup .fr-image-progress-bar-layer > h3 { font-size: 16px; margin: 10px 0px; font-weight: 400; }
.fr-popup .fr-image-progress-bar-layer > div.fr-action-buttons { display: none; }
.fr-popup .fr-image-progress-bar-layer > div.fr-loader { background: rgb(188, 219, 247); height: 10px; width: 100%; margin-top: 20px; overflow: hidden; position: relative; }
.fr-popup .fr-image-progress-bar-layer > div.fr-loader span { display: block; height: 100%; width: 0%; background: rgb(30, 136, 229); transition: width 0.2s ease 0s; }
.fr-popup .fr-image-progress-bar-layer > div.fr-loader.fr-indeterminate span { position: absolute; top: 0px; animation: 2s linear 0s infinite normal none running loading; width: 30% !important; }
.fr-popup .fr-image-progress-bar-layer.fr-error > div.fr-loader { display: none; }
.fr-popup .fr-image-progress-bar-layer.fr-error > div.fr-action-buttons { display: block; }
.fr-image-size-layer .fr-image-group .fr-input-line { width: calc(50% – 5px); display: inline-block; }
.fr-uploading { opacity: 0.4; }
@keyframes loading {
0% { left: -25%; }
100% { left: 100%; }
}
.clearfix::after { clear: both; display: block; content: “”; height: 0px; }
.hide-by-clipping { position: absolute; width: 1px; height: 1px; padding: 0px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; clip: rect(0px, 0px, 0px, 0px); border: 0px; }
.fr-element .fr-video { user-select: none; }
.fr-element .fr-video::after { position: absolute; content: “”; z-index: 1; inset: 0px; cursor: pointer; display: block; background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); }
.fr-element .fr-video.fr-active > * { z-index: 2; position: relative; }
.fr-element .fr-video > * { box-sizing: content-box; max-width: 100%; border: none; }
.fr-box .fr-video-resizer { position: absolute; border: 1px solid rgb(30, 136, 229); display: none; user-select: none; }
.fr-box .fr-video-resizer.fr-active { display: block; }
.fr-box .fr-video-resizer .fr-handler { display: block; position: absolute; background: rgb(30, 136, 229); border: 1px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); z-index: 4; box-sizing: border-box; width: 12px; height: 12px; }
.fr-box .fr-video-resizer .fr-handler.fr-hnw { cursor: nw-resize; left: -6px; top: -6px; }
.fr-box .fr-video-resizer .fr-handler.fr-hne { cursor: ne-resize; right: -6px; top: -6px; }
.fr-box .fr-video-resizer .fr-handler.fr-hsw { cursor: sw-resize; left: -6px; bottom: -6px; }
.fr-box .fr-video-resizer .fr-handler.fr-hse { cursor: se-resize; right: -6px; bottom: -6px; }
@media (min-width: 1200px) {
.fr-box .fr-video-resizer .fr-handler { width: 10px; height: 10px; }
.fr-box .fr-video-resizer .fr-handler.fr-hnw { left: -5px; top: -5px; }
.fr-box .fr-video-resizer .fr-handler.fr-hne { right: -5px; top: -5px; }
.fr-box .fr-video-resizer .fr-handler.fr-hsw { left: -5px; bottom: -5px; }
.fr-box .fr-video-resizer .fr-handler.fr-hse { right: -5px; bottom: -5px; }
}
.fr-popup .fr-video-size-layer .fr-video-group .fr-input-line { width: calc(50% – 5px); display: inline-block; }
.fr-popup .fr-video-upload-layer { border: 2px dashed rgb(189, 189, 189); position: relative; }
.fr-popup .fr-video-upload-layer:hover { background: rgb(235, 235, 235); }
.fr-popup .fr-video-upload-layer.fr-drop { background: rgb(235, 235, 235); border-color: rgb(30, 136, 229); }
.fr-popup .fr-video-upload-layer .fr-form { opacity: 0; position: absolute; inset: 0px; z-index: 2147483640; overflow: hidden; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; width: 100% !important; }
.fr-popup .fr-video-upload-layer .fr-form input { cursor: pointer; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 0px; bottom: 0px; width: 500%; height: 100%; margin: 0px; font-size: 400px; }
.fr-popup .fr-video-progress-bar-layer > h3 { font-size: 16px; margin: 10px 0px; font-weight: 400; }
.introjs-arrow.bottom-middle, .introjs-arrow.top-middle { margin-left: -5px; left: 50%; }
.fr-popup .fr-video-progress-bar-layer > div.fr-action-buttons { display: none; }
.fr-popup .fr-video-progress-bar-layer > div.fr-loader { background: rgb(188, 219, 247); height: 10px; width: 100%; margin-top: 20px; overflow: hidden; position: relative; }
.fr-popup .fr-video-progress-bar-layer > div.fr-loader span { display: block; height: 100%; width: 0%; background: rgb(30, 136, 229); transition: width 0.2s ease 0s; }
.introjs-helperLayer, .introjs-overlay { transition: all 0.3s ease-out 0s; box-sizing: content-box; }
.fr-popup .fr-video-progress-bar-layer > div.fr-loader.fr-indeterminate span { position: absolute; top: 0px; animation: 2s linear 0s infinite normal none running loading; width: 30% !important; }
.fr-popup .fr-video-progress-bar-layer.fr-error > div.fr-loader { display: none; }
.fr-popup .fr-video-progress-bar-layer.fr-error > div.fr-action-buttons { display: block; }
.fr-video-overlay { position: fixed; inset: 0px; z-index: 2147483640; display: none; }
.introjs-overlay { position: absolute; z-index: 999999; background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); opacity: 0; transition: all 0.3s ease-out 0s; }
.introjs-fixParent { z-index: auto !important; opacity: 1 !important; transform: none !important; }
.introjs-showElement, tr.introjs-showElement > td, tr.introjs-showElement > th { z-index: 9999999 !important; }
.introjs-disableInteraction { position: absolute; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); opacity: 0; z-index: 99999999 !important; }
.introjs-relativePosition, tr.introjs-showElement > td, tr.introjs-showElement > th { position: relative; }
.introjs-helperLayer { position: absolute; z-index: 9999998; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9); border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5); border-radius: 4px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4) 0px 2px 15px; transition: all 0.3s ease-out 0s; }
.introjs-tooltipReferenceLayer { box-sizing: content-box; position: absolute; visibility: hidden; z-index: 100000000; background-color: transparent; transition: all 0.3s ease-out 0s; }
.introjs-helperLayer *, .introjs-helperLayer ::after, .introjs-helperLayer ::before { box-sizing: content-box; }
.introjs-helperNumberLayer { box-sizing: content-box; position: absolute; visibility: visible; top: -16px; left: -16px; padding: 2px; font-family: Arial, verdana, tahoma; font-size: 13px; font-weight: 700; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 1px 1px 1px; background: linear-gradient(rgb(255, 48, 25) 0px, rgb(207, 4, 4) 100%); width: 20px; height: 20px; line-height: 20px; border: 3px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 50%; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4) 0px 2px 5px; z-index: 2147483647 !important; }
.introjs-arrow { border: 5px solid transparent; content: “”; position: absolute; }
.introjs-arrow.top, .introjs-arrow.top-middle, .introjs-arrow.top-right { top: -10px; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.introjs-arrow.top-right { right: 10px; }
.introjs-arrow.right { right: -10px; top: 10px; border-left-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.introjs-arrow.right-bottom { bottom: 10px; right: -10px; border-left-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.introjs-arrow.bottom, .introjs-arrow.bottom-middle, .introjs-arrow.bottom-right { bottom: -10px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.introjs-arrow.bottom-right { right: 10px; }
.introjs-arrow.left { left: -10px; top: 10px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.introjs-arrow.left-bottom { left: -10px; bottom: 10px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.introjs-tooltip { box-sizing: content-box; position: absolute; visibility: visible; padding: 10px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-width: 200px; max-width: 300px; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4) 0px 1px 10px; transition: opacity 0.1s ease-out 0s; }
.introjs-tooltipbuttons { text-align: right; white-space: nowrap; }
.introjs-button { box-sizing: content-box; position: relative; overflow: visible; display: inline-block; padding: 0.3em 0.8em; border: 1px solid rgb(212, 212, 212); margin: 10px 0px 0px; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 1px 1px 0px; font: 11px sans-serif; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); white-space: nowrap; cursor: pointer; outline: 0px; background-color: rgb(236, 236, 236); background-image: linear-gradient(rgb(244, 244, 244), rgb(236, 236, 236)); background-clip: padding; border-radius: 0.2em; zoom: 1; }
.introjs-button:hover { border-color: rgb(188, 188, 188); text-decoration: none; box-shadow: rgb(227, 227, 227) 0px 1px 1px; }
.introjs-button:active, .introjs-button:focus { background-image: linear-gradient(rgb(236, 236, 236), rgb(244, 244, 244)); }
.introjs-skipbutton { box-sizing: content-box; margin-right: 5px; color: rgb(122, 122, 122); }
.introjs-prevbutton { border-radius: 0.2em 0px 0px 0.2em; border-right: none; }
.introjs-prevbutton.introjs-fullbutton { border: 1px solid rgb(212, 212, 212); border-radius: 0.2em; }
.introjs-nextbutton { border-radius: 0px 0.2em 0.2em 0px; }
.introjs-nextbutton.introjs-fullbutton { border-radius: 0.2em; }
.introjs-disabled, .introjs-disabled:focus, .introjs-disabled:hover { color: rgb(154, 154, 154); border-color: rgb(212, 212, 212); box-shadow: none; cursor: default; background-color: rgb(244, 244, 244); background-image: none; text-decoration: none; }
.introjs-hidden { display: none; }
.introjs-bullets { text-align: center; }
.introjs-bullets ul { box-sizing: content-box; clear: both; margin: 15px auto 0px; padding: 0px; display: inline-block; }
.introjs-bullets ul li { box-sizing: content-box; list-style: none; float: left; margin: 0px 2px; }
.introjs-bullets ul li a { box-sizing: content-box; display: block; width: 6px; height: 6px; background: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-radius: 10px; text-decoration: none; cursor: pointer; }
.introjs-bullets ul li a.active, .introjs-bullets ul li a:hover { background: rgb(153, 153, 153); }
.introjs-progress { box-sizing: content-box; overflow: hidden; height: 10px; margin: 10px 0px 5px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: rgb(236, 240, 241); }
.introjs-progressbar { box-sizing: content-box; float: left; width: 0%; height: 100%; font-size: 10px; line-height: 10px; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(0, 136, 204); }
.introjsFloatingElement { position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 0px; left: 50%; top: 50%; }
.introjs-fixedTooltip { position: fixed; }
.introjs-hint, .introjs-hint-dot, .introjs-hint-pulse { box-sizing: content-box; position: absolute; }
.introjs-hint { background: 0px 0px; width: 20px; height: 15px; cursor: pointer; }
.introjs-hint:focus { border: 0px; outline: 0px; }
.introjs-hidehint { display: none; }
.introjs-fixedhint { position: fixed; }
.introjs-hint:hover > .introjs-hint-pulse { border: 5px solid rgba(60, 60, 60, 0.57); }
.introjs-hint-pulse { width: 10px; height: 10px; border: 5px solid rgba(60, 60, 60, 0.27); border-radius: 30px; background-color: rgba(136, 136, 136, 0.24); z-index: 10; transition: all 0.2s ease-out 0s; }
.introjs-hint-no-anim .introjs-hint-dot { animation: 0s ease 0s 1 normal none running none; }
.introjs-hint-dot { border: 10px solid rgba(146, 146, 146, 0.36); background: 0px 0px; border-radius: 60px; height: 50px; width: 50px; animation: 3s ease-out 0s infinite normal none running introjspulse; top: -25px; left: -25px; z-index: 1; opacity: 0; }
@keyframes introjspulse {
0% { transform: scale(0); opacity: 0; }
25% { transform: scale(0); opacity: 0.1; }
50% { transform: scale(0.1); opacity: 0.3; }
75% { transform: scale(0.5); opacity: 0.5; }
100% { transform: scale(1); opacity: 0; }
}
.liquid-container { position: relative; overflow: hidden; transform: translateY(0px); }
.liquid-child { overflow: hidden; }
.file-upload input[hidden] { display: none !important; }
button { cursor: pointer; border: none; background: 0px 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; }
a, abbr, acronym, address, applet, article, aside, audio, b, big, blockquote, body, canvas, caption, center, cite, code, dd, del, details, dfn, div, dl, dt, em, embed, fieldset, figcaption, figure, footer, form, h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, header, hgroup, html, i, iframe, img, ins, kbd, label, legend, li, mark, menu, nav, object, ol, output, p, pre, q, ruby, s, samp, section, small, span, strike, strong, sub, summary, sup, table, tbody, td, tfoot, th, thead, time, tr, tt, u, ul, var, video { margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; }
.rs-box-link, .rs-button, .rs-card-link-text { line-height: 1.2rem; font-family: “Source Sans Pro”, Arial, sans-serif; }
article, aside, details, figcaption, figure, footer, header, hgroup, menu, nav, section { display: block; }
ol, ul { list-style: none; }
blockquote, q { quotes: none; }
blockquote::after, blockquote::before, q::after, q::before { content: none; }
table { border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; }
*, ::after, ::before, html { box-sizing: border-box; }
svg .a { fill: none; stroke: currentcolor; stroke-linecap: round; stroke-linejoin: round; stroke-width: 1.5px; stroke-miterlimit: 10; }
svg .b, svg .c { stroke: currentcolor; fill: none; }
svg .b { stroke-linecap: round; stroke-width: 1.5px; stroke-miterlimit: 10; stroke-linejoin: round; }
svg .c { stroke-width: 1.5px; stroke-miterlimit: 10; }
svg .cls-1 { fill: none; stroke: currentcolor; stroke-linecap: round; stroke-linejoin: round; stroke-width: 1.5px; fill-rule: evenodd; }
@keyframes show-tooltip {
0% { opacity: 0; }
100% { opacity: 1; }
}
.rs-box-link, .rs-button { font-size: 1rem; font-weight: 700; overflow: hidden; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(59, 59, 59); border: 1px solid rgb(59, 59, 59); padding: 0.75rem; margin-right: 1.75rem; }
@media (max-width: 480px) {
.rs-box-link, .rs-button { flex-grow: 1; }
}
.rs-box-link svg, .rs-button svg { height: 1rem; width: 1rem; margin-right: 0.25rem; vertical-align: -0.2rem; }
.rs-box-link svg path, .rs-button svg path { fill: rgb(59, 59, 59); }
.rs-box-link:focus svg path, .rs-box-link:hover svg path, .rs-button:focus svg path, .rs-button:hover svg path, .rs-text-link:hover svg path { fill: rgb(2, 89, 204); }
.rs-box-link:focus, .rs-box-link:hover, .rs-button:focus, .rs-button:hover { color: rgb(2, 89, 204); border-color: rgb(2, 89, 204); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 1px 2px; }
.flat.rs-box-link:focus, .flat.rs-box-link:hover, .icon.rs-box-link:hover, .rs-box-link:disabled:hover, .rs-button.flat:focus, .rs-button.flat:hover, .rs-button.icon:hover, .rs-button:disabled:hover { box-shadow: none; }
.rs-box-link:active, .rs-button:active { color: rgb(0, 0, 0); }
.rs-box-link:active svg path, .rs-button:active svg path { fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); }
.rs-box-link:disabled, .rs-button:disabled { border: 1px solid rgb(178, 178, 178); color: rgb(118, 118, 118); cursor: not-allowed; }
.rs-box-link:disabled svg path, .rs-button:disabled svg path { fill: rgb(118, 118, 118); }
.primary-accept.rs-box-link svg path, .primary-destroy.rs-box-link svg path, .primary.rs-box-link svg path, .rs-button.primary svg path, .rs-button.primary-accept svg path, .rs-button.primary-destroy svg path, .rs-step-progress-bar-item-complete > svg circle { fill: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.primary.rs-box-link, .rs-button.primary { color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(2, 89, 204); border-color: rgb(2, 89, 204); }
.primary.rs-box-link:focus, .primary.rs-box-link:hover, .rs-button.primary:focus, .rs-button.primary:hover { background-color: rgb(37, 112, 211); border-color: rgb(37, 112, 211); }
.primary.rs-box-link:active, .rs-button.primary:active { background-color: rgb(1, 69, 159); }
.primary.rs-box-link:disabled, .rs-button.primary:disabled { background-color: rgb(118, 118, 118); border: 1px solid rgb(118, 118, 118); }
.primary-accept.rs-box-link, .rs-button.primary-accept { color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(5, 117, 32); border-color: rgb(5, 117, 32); }
.primary-accept.rs-box-link:focus, .primary-accept.rs-box-link:hover, .rs-button.primary-accept:focus, .rs-button.primary-accept:hover { background-color: rgb(40, 136, 63); border-color: rgb(40, 136, 63); }
.primary-accept.rs-box-link:active, .rs-button.primary-accept:active { background-color: rgb(3, 91, 24); }
.primary-accept.rs-box-link:disabled, .rs-button.primary-accept:disabled { background-color: rgb(118, 118, 118); border: 1px solid rgb(118, 118, 118); }
.primary-destroy.rs-box-link, .rs-button.primary-destroy { color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(168, 11, 9); border-color: rgb(168, 11, 9); }
.primary-destroy.rs-box-link:focus, .primary-destroy.rs-box-link:hover, .rs-button.primary-destroy:focus, .rs-button.primary-destroy:hover { background-color: rgb(180, 45, 43); border-color: rgb(180, 45, 43); }
.primary-destroy.rs-box-link:active, .rs-button.primary-destroy:active { background-color: rgb(131, 8, 7); }
.primary-destroy.rs-box-link:disabled, .rs-button.primary-destroy:disabled { background-color: rgb(118, 118, 118); border: 1px solid rgb(118, 118, 118); }
.flat.rs-box-link, .rs-button.flat { border-color: transparent; }
.flat.rs-box-link:disabled, .rs-button.flat:disabled { background-color: transparent; color: rgb(118, 118, 118); }
.flat.rs-box-link:disabled svg path, .rs-button.flat:disabled svg path { fill: rgb(118, 118, 118); }
.icon.rs-box-link, .rs-button.icon { border-color: transparent; background: 0px 0px; padding: 0px; margin-right: 1rem; overflow: inherit; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; flex-direction: column; white-space: nowrap; font-family: “Source Sans Pro”, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.8rem; line-height: 1.25rem; font-weight: 400; }
@media (max-width: 480px) {
.icon.rs-box-link, .rs-button.icon { flex-grow: unset; }
}
.icon.rs-box-link svg, .rs-button.icon svg { height: 2rem; width: 2rem; margin-right: 0px; vertical-align: 0px; pointer-events: none; }
.rs-box-link:last-child, .rs-button:last-child { margin-right: 0px; }
.rs-card { padding: 0.875rem; border: 1px solid rgb(118, 118, 118); border-radius: 1px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 1px 2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.rs-card > .rs-card-title { padding-bottom: 0.875rem; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; }
.rs-card > .rs-card-title .rs-card-title-content { flex: 1 1 0%; }
.rs-card > .rs-card-title .rs-card-title-content-main { font-family: “Source Sans Pro”, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1.5625rem; line-height: 1.75rem; font-weight: 400; }
.rs-card > .rs-card-title .rs-card-title-content-subtitle { font-family: “Source Sans Pro”, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.8rem; line-height: 1.25rem; font-weight: 400; color: rgb(59, 59, 59); }
.rs-card > .rs-card-title .rs-card-title-memo { margin-left: 1rem; }
.rs-card > .rs-card-title .rs-card-title-icon { margin-right: 0.5rem; display: flex; align-items: center; }
.rs-card > .rs-card-title .rs-card-title-icon svg { height: 1.5rem; width: auto; }
.rs-card > .rs-card-title.divider { border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(118, 118, 118); margin-bottom: 0.875rem; }
.rs-card.blue { border-color: rgb(2, 55, 125); padding: 0px; }
.rs-card.blue > .rs-card-title { background-color: rgb(2, 55, 125); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); padding: 0.5rem; }
.rs-card.blue > .rs-card-title .rs-card-title-content-subtitle { color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.rs-card.blue > .rs-card-title.divider { border-bottom-color: rgb(2, 55, 125); padding: 0.5rem; margin-bottom: 0px; }
.rs-card.blue > .rs-card-actions { padding: 0.875rem; }
.rs-card.blue-color { padding: 0px; border-color: rgb(2, 55, 125); }
.rs-card.blue-color > .rs-card-title { padding: 0.5rem; background-color: rgb(2, 55, 125); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.rs-card.blue-color > .rs-card-title.divider { padding: 0.5rem; margin-bottom: 0px; border-bottom-color: rgb(2, 55, 125); }
.rs-card.blue-color > .rs-card-title .rs-card-title-content-subtitle { color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.rs-card.blue-color > .rs-card-content { padding: 0.875rem; }
.rs-card.blue-color > .rs-card-actions { padding: 0px 0.875rem 0.875rem; }
.rs-card.red { border-color: rgb(168, 11, 9); padding: 0px; }
.rs-card.red > .rs-card-title { background-color: rgb(168, 11, 9); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); padding: 0.5rem; }
.rs-card.red > .rs-card-title .rs-card-title-content-subtitle { color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.rs-card.red > .rs-card-title.divider { border-bottom-color: rgb(168, 11, 9); padding: 0.5rem; margin-bottom: 0px; }
.rs-card.red > .rs-card-actions { padding: 0.875rem; }
.rs-card.red-color { padding: 0px; border-color: rgb(168, 11, 9); }
.rs-card.red-color > .rs-card-title { padding: 0.5rem; background-color: rgb(168, 11, 9); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.rs-card.red-color > .rs-card-title.divider { padding: 0.5rem; margin-bottom: 0px; border-bottom-color: rgb(168, 11, 9); }
.rs-card.red-color > .rs-card-title .rs-card-title-content-subtitle { color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.rs-card.red-color > .rs-card-content { padding: 0.875rem; }
.rs-card.red-color > .rs-card-actions { padding: 0px 0.875rem 0.875rem; }
.rs-card.green { border-color: rgb(5, 117, 32); padding: 0px; }
.rs-card.green > .rs-card-title { background-color: rgb(5, 117, 32); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); padding: 0.5rem; }
.rs-card.green > .rs-card-title .rs-card-title-content-subtitle { color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.rs-card.green > .rs-card-title.divider { border-bottom-color: rgb(5, 117, 32); padding: 0.5rem; margin-bottom: 0px; }
.rs-card.green > .rs-card-actions { padding: 0.875rem; }
.rs-card.green-color { padding: 0px; border-color: rgb(5, 117, 32); }
.rs-card.green-color > .rs-card-title { padding: 0.5rem; background-color: rgb(5, 117, 32); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.rs-card.green-color > .rs-card-title.divider { padding: 0.5rem; margin-bottom: 0px; border-bottom-color: rgb(5, 117, 32); }
.rs-card.green-color > .rs-card-title .rs-card-title-content-subtitle { color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.rs-card.green-color > .rs-card-content { padding: 0.875rem; }
.rs-card.green-color > .rs-card-actions { padding: 0px 0.875rem 0.875rem; }
.rs-card.grey-color { padding: 0px; border-color: rgb(178, 178, 178); }
.rs-card.grey-color > .rs-card-title { padding: 0.5rem; background-color: rgb(244, 244, 244); color: rgb(59, 59, 59); }
.rs-card.grey-color > .rs-card-title.divider { padding: 0.5rem; margin-bottom: 0px; border-bottom-color: rgb(178, 178, 178); }
.rs-card.grey-color > .rs-card-title .rs-card-title-content-subtitle { color: rgb(59, 59, 59); }
.rs-card.grey-color > .rs-card-content { padding: 0.875rem; }
.rs-card.grey-color > .rs-card-actions { padding: 0px 0.875rem 0.875rem; }
.rs-card-link, .rs-collapsible-item { padding: 0.875rem; }
.rs-card.small-size > .rs-card-title .rs-card-title-content-main { font-family: “Source Sans Pro”, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.25rem; font-weight: 400; }
.rs-card.small-size > .rs-card-title .rs-card-title-content-subtitle { font-family: “Source Sans Pro”, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.75rem; line-height: 1.125rem; font-weight: 400; }
.rs-card > .rs-card-actions { padding-top: 0.875rem; display: flex; justify-content: flex-end; }
.rs-card-link { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; flex-direction: column; border: 1px solid rgb(237, 237, 237); box-shadow: rgb(244, 244, 244) 0px 2px 2px; width: 10rem; height: 10rem; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(59, 59, 59); transition: all 0.1s ease 0s; text-align: center; }
.rs-card-link:focus, .rs-card-link:hover { border-color: rgb(178, 178, 178); box-shadow: rgb(237, 237, 237) 0px 2px 2px; }
.rs-collapsible-item-bordered, .rs-list-box { border: 1px solid rgb(59, 59, 59); }
.rs-card-link-graphic svg { height: 5em; width: 5em; }
.rs-card-link-text { font-size: 1rem; font-weight: 700; }
.rs-checkbox { font-size: 1rem; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.75rem; }
.rs-checkbox-input { margin-right: 0.5rem; height: 1rem; cursor: pointer; }
.rs-checkbox-label { cursor: pointer; }
.rs-collapsible-item-title { display: flex; }
.rs-collapsible-item-title-content { flex: 1 1 0%; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; font-family: “Source Sans Pro”, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1.5625rem; line-height: 1.75rem; font-weight: 400; }
.rs-collapsible-item-title-expanded { padding-bottom: 0.875rem; }
.rs-collapsible-item-title-bordered.rs-collapsible-item-title-expanded { border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(59, 59, 59); }
.rs-collapsible-item-content-collapsed { display: none; }
.rs-combobox { position: relative; max-width: 32rem; }
.rs-combobox .rs-input input { padding-right: 3rem; }
.rs-combobox .rs-input input[disabled] { -webkit-text-fill-color: rgb(118, 118, 118); color: rgb(118, 118, 118); }
.rs-combobox > .rs-box-link, .rs-combobox > .rs-button { position: absolute; right: 0.175rem; bottom: 0.175rem; margin-right: 0px; }
.rs-combobox .rs-list-box { position: absolute; width: 100%; z-index: 500; display: none; }
.rs-combobox.has-search-term .rs-list-box { display: initial; }
.rs-list-box { padding: 0.175rem; max-height: 50vh; overflow-y: auto; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.rs-list-box li { width: 100%; padding: 0.875rem; text-align: left; overflow: hidden; cursor: pointer; margin: 0px; }
.rs-course-list-item, .rs-course-section-list-item { margin-bottom: 0.875rem; }
.rs-list-box li[role=”option”]:hover { color: rgb(2, 89, 204); background: rgb(244, 244, 244); }
.rs-list-box li[role=”option”][aria-selected] { background: rgb(2, 89, 204); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.rs-combobox__loading-spinner { position: absolute; right: 0.5em; top: 2.3em; width: 25px; height: 25px; animation-name: rs-combobox__spin; animation-duration: 3s; animation-iteration-count: infinite; animation-timing-function: linear; }
@keyframes rs-combobox__spin {
0% { transform: rotate(360deg); }
100% { transform: rotate(0deg); }
}
.rs-dropdown { display: flex; flex-direction: column; }
.rs-dropdown-label { font-size: 1rem; font-weight: 600; line-height: 2rem; }
.rs-dropdown-select { font-family: “Source Sans Pro”, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: 600; color: rgb(59, 59, 59); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 1px solid rgb(118, 118, 118); height: 1.75rem; width: auto; }
.rs-course-id, .rs-course-name { font-family: “Source Sans Pro”, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.125rem; }
.rs-dropdown-select[disabled] { cursor: not-allowed; background: rgb(244, 244, 244); }
.rs-course { background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 1px solid rgb(59, 59, 59); padding: 0.875rem; }
.rs-course-list-item.active .rs-course { border-left: 0.5rem solid rgb(2, 89, 204); padding-left: 0.425rem; background-color: rgb(251, 252, 254); }
.rs-course-header { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; }
.rs-course-button { display: inline-block; text-align: left; width: 100%; }
.rs-course-button:active { color: rgb(59, 59, 59); }
.rs-course-status-icon { height: 1.125rem; }
.rs-course-id { font-weight: 700; }
.rs-course-section-count, .rs-course-sections-toggle { font-size: 0.8rem; line-height: 1.25rem; font-weight: 400; font-family: “Source Sans Pro”, Arial, sans-serif; }
.rs-course-buttons { display: flex; justify-content: flex-end; }
.rs-course-buttons > button { background: 0px 0px; }
.rs-course-sections { display: none; }
.rs-course-sections-toggle { font-weight: 700; }
.rs-course-sections-toggle:active { color: rgb(59, 59, 59); }
.rs-course-sections-toggle > svg { margin-left: 0.2rem; vertical-align: -0.2rem; }
.rs-course-sections.rs-course-sections-visible { display: block; }
.rs-course-section { background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 1px solid rgb(59, 59, 59); padding: 0.875rem; flex-grow: 1; text-align: left; }
.rs-course-section-header { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; }
.rs-course-section-list-item.active .rs-course-section { border-left: 0.5rem solid rgb(2, 89, 204); padding-left: 0.425rem; background-color: rgb(251, 252, 254); }
.rs-course-section-courseid { font-family: “Source Sans Pro”, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: 700; line-height: 1.125rem; }
.rs-course-section-name { font-family: “Source Sans Pro”, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.125rem; }
.rs-course-sections { margin-left: 1.625em; }
.rs-course-sections li { border-left: 0.2rem solid rgb(118, 118, 118); padding: 0.4375rem 0px; margin: 0px; display: flex; }
.rs-course-sections li:first-child { padding-top: 0.875rem; }
.rs-course-sections li:last-child { border-left: none; }
.rs-course-sections li:last-child::before { border-left: 0.2rem solid rgb(118, 118, 118); width: 1.9rem; }
.rs-course-sections li::before { position: relative; top: -0.9rem; height: 3rem; width: 1.75rem; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom: 0.2rem solid rgb(118, 118, 118); content: “”; display: inline-block; left: 0px; }
.rs-file-upload-label { font-size: 1rem; font-weight: 600; line-height: 2rem; }
.rs-file-upload-controls { width: 16rem; }
.rs-file-upload-drag-area { border-radius: 0.25rem; border: 2px dashed rgb(59, 59, 59); background: rgb(251, 251, 251); color: rgb(59, 59, 59); display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center; flex-direction: column; height: 16rem; padding-bottom: 0.875rem; }
.rs-file-upload-drag-area-icon { padding: 2.625rem 4.5rem 1.75rem; }
.rs-file-upload-drag-area-icon svg { height: 7em; width: 7em; fill: rgb(59, 59, 59); }
.rs-file-upload-drag-area label.file-upload input { clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); height: 1px; width: 1px; overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; display: inline !important; }
.rs-file-upload-drag-area label.file-upload input:focus + .rs-file-upload-drag-area-manual { outline: rgb(37, 112, 211) solid 2px; border-radius: 2px; }
.rs-file-upload-drag-area-manual { color: rgb(2, 89, 204); text-decoration: underline; cursor: pointer; }
.rs-file-upload-drag-area-supported-files { font-family: “Source Sans Pro”, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.75rem; line-height: 1.125rem; color: rgb(59, 59, 59); }
.rs-file-upload-selected-list-item { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; }
.rs-icon-with-label { display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: center; justify-content: center; font-weight: 600; color: rgb(59, 59, 59); line-height: 1.375rem; }
.rs-icon-with-label-icon { height: 6.25rem; width: auto; fill: rgb(178, 178, 178); margin-bottom: 1.375rem; }
.rs-input { width: 100%; position: relative; }
.rs-input > .rs-input-label { color: rgb(59, 59, 59); text-indent: 0.125rem; display: block; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: 600; line-height: 2rem; }
.rs-input > .rs-input-label.rs-invalid:not(.rs-disabled) { color: rgb(168, 11, 9); }
.rs-input > .rs-input-input { width: 100%; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 1px solid rgb(59, 59, 59); color: rgb(59, 59, 59); display: inline-block; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: 400; height: 2.5rem; line-height: 1.5rem; padding: 0.5rem 0.625rem; }
.rs-input > .rs-input-input::placeholder { color: rgb(124, 124, 124); opacity: 1; font-weight: 400; }
.rs-input > .rs-input-input::-webkit-input-placeholder { color: rgb(124, 124, 124); opacity: 1; font-weight: 400; }
.rs-input > .rs-input-input.rs-disabled { color: rgb(111, 111, 111); background: rgb(251, 251, 251); border: 1px solid rgb(111, 111, 111); }
.rs-input > .rs-input-input.rs-disabled::placeholder { color: rgb(124, 124, 124); }
.rs-input > .rs-input-input.rs-disabled::-webkit-input-placeholder { color: rgb(124, 124, 124); }
.rs-input .help-text, .rs-navbar-nav-item svg, .rs-navbar-nav-item svg:hover { color: rgb(59, 59, 59); }
.rs-input > .rs-input-input.rs-invalid:not(.rs-disabled) { border: 2px solid rgb(168, 11, 9); padding: calc(0.25rem – 1px) calc(0.5rem – 1px); }
.rs-input > .rs-input-input[type=”search”] { appearance: searchfield; }
.rs-input > .rs-input-icon { position: absolute; display: inline-block; right: 0.75rem; bottom: 0.75rem; width: 1rem; height: 1rem; vertical-align: bottom; background: rgb(118, 118, 118); }
.rs-input .detail-text { margin: 0.25rem 0px; font-family: “Source Sans Pro”, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.8rem; line-height: 1.25rem; font-weight: 400; }
.rs-input .invalid-text { color: rgb(168, 11, 9); }
.rs-input-range-caps { height: 0px; overflow: visible; position: relative; }
.rs-input-range-caps::after { display: block; content: “”; border-radius: 1rem; height: 0.25rem; background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(left, rgb(37, 83, 143) 0.25rem, rgb(178, 178, 178) 0.25rem); position: relative; top: 0.375rem; }
.rs-input-range > input { appearance: none; width: 100%; font-size: 0px; height: 1rem; position: relative; margin: 0px; background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(left, rgb(37, 83, 143) 50%, rgb(37, 83, 143) 50%); background-position: 0.25rem center; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-color: transparent; }
.rs-input-range > input::-webkit-slider-runnable-track { appearance: none; background: 0px 0px; }
.rs-input-range > input::-webkit-slider-thumb { background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 100%; border: 0.5px solid rgb(37, 83, 143); cursor: pointer; height: 1rem; width: 1rem; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.18) 0px 1px 3px; appearance: none; }
.rs-input-range-label { font-size: 1rem; font-weight: 600; line-height: 2rem; }
.rs-loading-content { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; }
.rs-loading-content-circle { width: 1.5em; height: 1.5em; margin: 0.25em; border-radius: 50%; background: rgb(2, 55, 125); animation-name: bounce_color; animation-duration: 4s; animation-iteration-count: infinite; }
.rs-loading-content-circle-1 { animation-delay: 0s; }
.rs-loading-content-circle-2 { animation-delay: 1s; }
.rs-loading-content-circle-3 { animation-delay: 2s; }
.rs-loading-content-circle-4 { animation-delay: 3s; }
.rs-nav-menu-item { display: flex; flex-direction: row; align-items: center; padding: 0px 0.5em; height: 3.5rem; max-width: 24.5rem; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.125rem; font-weight: 700; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); }
.rs-nav-menu-item-graphic { max-width: 1.375rem; margin: 0.875rem 1.375rem; }
.rs-nav-menu-item-graphic svg { height: 2rem; width: 2rem; }
.rs-nav-menu-item-text { margin-left: 0.5rem; text-decoration: none; }
.rs-nav-menu-item:hover { background: rgb(251, 251, 251); text-decoration: underline; }
.rs-nav-menu-item.active { padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 0px; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 0.5rem; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(2, 89, 204); border-image: initial; background-color: rgb(251, 252, 254); }
.rs-modal { position: fixed; inset: 0px; z-index: 500; touch-action: none; overflow-y: auto; display: block; background: rgba(59, 59, 59, 0.7); }
.assignment-editor-before-transition-modal, .rs-navbar { z-index: 1000; }
.rs-modal-dialog, .rs-navbar { align-items: center; display: flex; }
.rs-modal-dialog { margin: 1.75rem auto; min-height: calc(100% – 3.5rem); justify-content: center; }
.rs-modal-background-click-target { inset: 0px; position: absolute; }
.rs-modal-content { max-width: 35rem; position: relative; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
@media only screen and (max-width: 600px) {
.rs-modal-content { width: calc(100% – 1rem); }
}
body.dimmed { overflow: hidden; }
body.dimmed::after, body.dimmed::before { content: “Body content is dimmed”; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); height: 1px; width: 1px; overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; }
.rs-modal-scrollbar-measure { position: absolute; top: -9999px; width: 50px; height: 50px; overflow: scroll; }
.rs-navbar { background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) 0px 0px 0.125rem 0.125rem; box-sizing: border-box; flex-flow: row nowrap; font-family: “Source Sans Pro”, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; height: 3.5rem; justify-content: space-between; padding: 0px 0.9375rem; position: relative; }
.rs-navbar-logo { font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; }
.rs-navbar-logo a { display: block; }
.rs-navbar-logo img, .rs-navbar-logo svg { height: 2.5rem; vertical-align: -0.375rem; }
.rs-navbar-nav { flex-grow: 1; white-space: nowrap; }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.rs-navbar-nav { flex-flow: column nowrap; text-align: right; }
}
.rs-navbar-nav-container { align-items: center; display: flex; flex-flow: row nowrap; justify-content: flex-end; margin: 0px; width: 100%; }
.rs-navbar-nav-item { display: inline-block; line-height: 3.55rem; margin: 0px 0.3125rem; padding: 0px; position: relative; }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.rs-navbar-nav-container { flex-direction: column; }
.rs-navbar-nav-item { border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(151, 151, 151); border-radius: 0px; margin: 0px; text-align: left; width: 100%; }
}
.rs-navbar-nav-item-label { display: inline-block; margin-left: 0.25rem; max-width: 7.5rem; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; vertical-align: top; white-space: nowrap; }
@media (min-width: 769px) and (max-width: 1024px) {
.rs-navbar-nav-item-label { clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); height: 1px; width: 1px; overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; }
}
.rs-navbar-nav-item svg { height: 1.25rem; vertical-align: -0.25rem; width: 1.25rem; }
.rs-navbar-nav-item > a { box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(33, 33, 33); display: inline-block; font-weight: 400; height: 3.55rem; line-height: 3.55rem; min-width: 2.5rem; padding: 0px 0.625rem; position: relative; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; }
.rs-navbar-nav-item > a:focus, .rs-navbar-nav-item > a:hover { color: rgb(33, 33, 33); text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0.125rem solid rgb(2, 89, 204); }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.rs-navbar-nav-item-label { max-width: none; }
.rs-navbar-nav-item > a:focus, .rs-navbar-nav-item > a:hover { border: none; background-color: rgb(244, 244, 244); }
.rs-navbar-nav-item > a { border: none; display: block; height: 2.625rem; line-height: 2.625rem; margin: 0px; text-align: left; }
}
.rs-navbar-nav-burger-button.icon.rs-box-link, .rs-navbar-nav-burger-button.icon.rs-box-link:hover, .rs-navbar-nav-burger-button.rs-button.icon, .rs-navbar-nav-burger-button.rs-button.icon:hover { background: 0px 0px; border: none; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(59, 59, 59); cursor: pointer; display: none; height: 2.5rem; line-height: initial; margin: 0px; min-height: 2.5rem; min-width: 2.5rem; padding: 0.375rem; text-decoration: none; width: 2.5rem; }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.rs-navbar-nav-burger-button.icon.rs-box-link, .rs-navbar-nav-burger-button.icon.rs-box-link:hover, .rs-navbar-nav-burger-button.rs-button.icon, .rs-navbar-nav-burger-button.rs-button.icon:hover { display: inline-block; height: 2.625rem; }
}
.rs-navbar-nav-items-container { align-items: center; display: flex; flex-flow: row nowrap; justify-content: flex-end; margin: 0px; }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.rs-navbar-nav-items-container { align-items: flex-start; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top: 1px solid rgb(151, 151, 151); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) 0px 0.25rem 0.125rem -0.125rem; flex-direction: column; left: 0px; opacity: 0; position: absolute; top: 3.5rem; visibility: hidden; width: 100%; z-index: -1; }
.active-show .rs-navbar-nav-items-container { opacity: 1; visibility: visible; z-index: 1; }
}
input { font-family: “Source Sans Pro”, Arial, sans-serif; }
.rs-navbar-dropdown { display: inline-block; line-height: 3.55rem; margin: 0px 0.3125rem; padding: 0px; position: relative; }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.rs-navbar-dropdown { border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(151, 151, 151); border-radius: 0px; margin: 0px; text-align: left; width: 100%; display: block; }
.rs-navbar-dropdown.active .rs-navbar-dropdown-trigger { background-color: rgb(244, 244, 244); }
}
.rs-navbar-dropdown-trigger { font-family: “Source Sans Pro”, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.2rem; background-color: transparent; border: none; color: rgb(59, 59, 59); font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px 0.625rem; }
.rs-navbar-dropdown-trigger-label { display: inline-block; margin-left: 0.25rem; max-width: 7.5rem; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; vertical-align: top; white-space: nowrap; }
@media (min-width: 769px) and (max-width: 1024px) {
.rs-navbar-dropdown-trigger-label { clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); height: 1px; width: 1px; overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; }
}
.rs-navbar-dropdown-trigger:focus, .rs-navbar-dropdown-trigger:hover { color: rgb(33, 33, 33); text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0.125rem solid rgb(2, 89, 204); }
.rs-navbar-dropdown-trigger:focus > svg > path, .rs-navbar-dropdown-trigger:hover > svg > path { fill: none; }
.rs-navbar-dropdown-trigger > svg, .rs-navbar-dropdown-trigger > svg:hover { color: rgb(59, 59, 59); height: 1.25rem; margin: 0px; vertical-align: -0.25rem; width: 1.25rem; }
.rs-navbar-dropdown-trigger > svg:hover > path, .rs-navbar-dropdown-trigger > svg > path { fill: none; }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.rs-navbar-dropdown-trigger-label { max-width: none; }
.rs-navbar-dropdown-trigger:focus, .rs-navbar-dropdown-trigger:hover { border: none; }
.rs-navbar-dropdown-trigger { height: 2.625rem; line-height: 2.625rem; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left; width: 100%; }
.rs-navbar-dropdown-trigger:focus, .rs-navbar-dropdown-trigger:hover, .rs-navbar-dropdown-trigger[aria-expanded=”true”] { background-color: rgb(244, 244, 244); }
}
.rs-navbar-dropdown-container { background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 151, 151); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) -0.0625rem 0.125rem 0.25rem 0px; margin: 0px; min-width: 10rem; position: absolute; right: 0px; text-align: left; top: 2.625rem; transition: all 250ms ease-in-out 0s; width: 10rem; z-index: 1; }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.rs-navbar-dropdown-container { border: none; box-shadow: none; display: block; margin: 0.625rem 0px; padding: 0px; position: static; transition: none 0s ease 0s; width: 100%; }
}
.rs-navbar-dropdown-group { border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(151, 151, 151); margin: 0px; padding: 0.625rem 0px; }
.rs-navbar-dropdown-group:last-of-type, .rs-navbar-dropdown-group:only-of-type { border-bottom: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; }
.rs-navbar-dropdown-group-item { box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1rem; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.rs-navbar-dropdown-group { border-bottom: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; }
.rs-navbar-dropdown-group-item ul { margin: 0px; }
}
.rs-navbar-dropdown-group-item > a { color: rgb(59, 59, 59); display: block; font-family: “Source Sans Pro”, Arial, sans-serif; padding: 0.625rem 1.25rem; text-decoration: none; }
.rs-navbar-dropdown-group-item > a:hover { background-color: rgb(237, 237, 237); color: rgb(33, 33, 33); text-decoration: none; }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.rs-navbar-dropdown-group-item > a { display: block; line-height: 2.625rem; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; }
}
@keyframes shrink-width {
0% { width: 100%; }
100% { width: 0%; }
}
.rs-notification { padding: 0.875rem; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); display: flex; align-items: center; width: 18rem; border: 1px solid rgb(118, 118, 118); box-shadow: rgb(118, 118, 118) 0px 0px 3px; position: relative; }
.rs-notification-content { flex: 1 1 0%; margin-right: 0.5rem; }
.rs-notification-actions { display: flex; }
.rs-notification-autodismiss-bar { position: absolute; z-index: 500; height: 0.25rem; left: 0px; bottom: 0px; background-color: rgb(2, 55, 125); animation-name: shrink-width; animation-duration: 5s; overflow: hidden; animation-timing-function: linear; }
.rs-notifications { position: fixed; right: 1rem; bottom: 1rem; z-index: 499; overflow-y: auto; max-height: 100%; }
.rs-notifications ul li:not(:last-of-type) { margin-bottom: 0.875rem; }
.rs-prefix-label { font-family: “Source Sans Pro”, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75rem; font-weight: 400; }
.rs-prefix-label > .rs-prefix-label-label { display: inline-block; }
.rs-prefix-label > .rs-prefix-label-label > .label-text { display: inline-block; font-family: “Source Sans Pro”, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.2rem; font-weight: 700; }
.rs-progress-bar.rs-pb-large, .rs-progress-bar.rs-pb-medium, .rs-progress-bar.rs-pb-small { font-family: “Source Sans Pro”, Arial, sans-serif; font-weight: 400; }
.rs-prefix-label > .rs-prefix-label-value { display: inline-block; }
.rs-progress-bar.blue-color { stroke: rgb(2, 89, 204); }
.rs-progress-bar.green-color { stroke: rgb(5, 117, 32); }
.rs-progress-bar.red-color { stroke: rgb(168, 11, 9); }
.rs-progress-bar.rs-pb-circle svg path:first-of-type, .rs-progress-bar.rs-pb-line svg path:first-of-type { stroke: rgb(178, 178, 178); }
.rs-progress-bar.rs-pb-circle svg path:last-of-type, .rs-progress-bar.rs-pb-line svg path:last-of-type { stroke: inherit; }
.rs-progress-bar.rs-pb-circle.high-fill svg path:last-of-type, .rs-progress-bar.rs-pb-line.high-fill svg path:last-of-type { stroke: rgb(5, 117, 32); }
.rs-progress-bar.rs-pb-circle.medium-fill svg path:last-of-type, .rs-progress-bar.rs-pb-line.medium-fill svg path:last-of-type { stroke: rgb(214, 125, 0); }
.rs-progress-bar.rs-pb-circle.low-fill svg path:last-of-type, .rs-progress-bar.rs-pb-line.low-fill svg path:last-of-type { stroke: rgb(168, 11, 9); }
.rs-progress-bar.rs-pb-small { font-size: 0.75rem; line-height: 1.125rem; }
.rs-progress-bar.rs-pb-small svg { height: 3.25rem; margin-bottom: 0.5rem; }
.rs-progress-bar.rs-pb-small .progressbar-text { font-size: 1rem; }
.rs-progress-bar.rs-pb-medium { font-size: 0.8rem; line-height: 1.25rem; }
.rs-progress-bar.rs-pb-medium svg { height: 6rem; margin-bottom: 0.5rem; }
.rs-progress-bar.rs-pb-medium .progressbar-text { font-size: 2rem; }
.rs-progress-bar.rs-pb-large { font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75rem; }
.rs-progress-bar.rs-pb-large svg { height: 10rem; margin-bottom: 0.5rem; }
.rs-progress-bar.rs-pb-large .progressbar-text { font-size: 2.75rem; }
.rs-progress-bar-description { text-align: center; font-weight: 600; }
.rs-radio-control { line-height: 1.75rem; }
.rs-radio-control-label { margin-left: 0.25rem; }
.rs-radio-group { display: flex; flex-direction: column; }
.rs-radio-group-label { font-weight: 700; }
.rs-rating { padding-bottom: 2rem; }
.rs-rating .rs-radio-group .rs-radio-group-label { font-weight: 400; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 0.5rem; }
.rs-rating .rs-radio-group .rs-radio-group { flex-direction: row; justify-content: center; padding: 0px 1rem; }
.rs-rating .rs-radio-group .rs-radio-group .rs-radio-control { margin: 0px 0.5rem; }
.rs-rating .rs-radio-group .rs-radio-group .rs-radio-control:last-child { margin-right: 0px; }
.rs-rating .rs-radio-group .rs-radio-group .rs-radio-control:first-child { margin-left: 0px; }
.rs-rating .rs-radio-group .rs-radio-group .rs-radio-control input { clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); height: 1px; width: 1px; overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; }
.rs-rating .rs-radio-group .rs-radio-group .rs-radio-control input:focus + label { outline: -webkit-focus-ring-color auto 5px; }
.rs-rating .rs-radio-group .rs-radio-group .rs-radio-control-label { display: block; text-align: center; border-radius: 0.875rem; width: 1.75rem; height: 1.75rem; background: rgb(118, 118, 118); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0px; cursor: pointer; font-weight: 700; }
.rs-rating .rs-radio-group .rs-radio-group .rs-radio-selected .rs-radio-control-label { background: rgb(2, 89, 204); }
.rs-rating .rs-radio-group .rs-radio-group .rs-rating-minmax-label-container { position: relative; width: 100%; display: block; }
.rs-rating .rs-radio-group .rs-radio-group .rs-rating-minmax-label-container .rs-rating-minmax-label { position: absolute; left: 50%; transform: translateX(-50%); }
.rs-segmented-control.black-color .rs-radio-group { display: flex; flex-direction: row; }
.rs-segmented-control.black-color .rs-radio-group-label { clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); height: 1px; width: 1px; overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; }
.rs-segmented-control.black-color .rs-radio-group .rs-radio-control:first-of-type .rs-radio-control-label { border-left-width: 1px; border-radius: 3px 0px 0px 3px; }
.rs-segmented-control.black-color .rs-radio-group .rs-radio-control:last-of-type .rs-radio-control-label { border-radius: 0px 3px 3px 0px; }
.rs-segmented-control.black-color .rs-radio-group .rs-radio-control:not(:first-of-type) .rs-radio-control-label { border-left-width: 0px; }
.rs-segmented-control.black-color .rs-radio-group .rs-radio-control .rs-radio-control-label { text-align: center; color: rgb(59, 59, 59); border: 1px solid rgb(59, 59, 59); cursor: pointer; margin: 0px; padding: 0.25rem 0.5rem; width: 100%; display: block; line-height: 1.25rem; }
.rs-segmented-control.black-color .rs-radio-group .rs-radio-control-input { clip: rect(0px, 0px, 0px, 0px); opacity: 0; position: absolute; }
.rs-segmented-control.black-color .rs-radio-group .rs-radio-control-input:checked + label { background: rgb(59, 59, 59); border-color: rgb(59, 59, 59); color: rgb(244, 244, 244); }
.rs-segmented-control.black-color .rs-radio-group .rs-radio-control-input:focus + label { z-index: 1; outline: -webkit-focus-ring-color auto 5px; }
.rs-segmented-control.black-color .rs-radio-group .rs-radio-control-input:active:not(:checked) + label { background: rgb(251, 251, 251); text-decoration: underline; }
.rs-segmented-control.blue-color .rs-radio-group { display: flex; flex-direction: row; }
.rs-segmented-control.blue-color .rs-radio-group-label { clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); height: 1px; width: 1px; overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; }
.rs-segmented-control.blue-color .rs-radio-group .rs-radio-control:first-of-type .rs-radio-control-label { border-left-width: 1px; border-radius: 3px 0px 0px 3px; }
.rs-segmented-control.blue-color .rs-radio-group .rs-radio-control:last-of-type .rs-radio-control-label { border-radius: 0px 3px 3px 0px; }
.rs-segmented-control.blue-color .rs-radio-group .rs-radio-control:not(:first-of-type) .rs-radio-control-label { border-left-width: 0px; }
.rs-segmented-control.blue-color .rs-radio-group .rs-radio-control .rs-radio-control-label { text-align: center; color: rgb(2, 55, 125); border: 1px solid rgb(2, 55, 125); cursor: pointer; margin: 0px; padding: 0.25rem 0.5rem; width: 100%; display: block; line-height: 1.25rem; }
.rs-segmented-control.blue-color .rs-radio-group .rs-radio-control-input { clip: rect(0px, 0px, 0px, 0px); opacity: 0; position: absolute; }
.rs-segmented-control.blue-color .rs-radio-group .rs-radio-control-input:checked + label { background: rgb(2, 55, 125); border-color: rgb(2, 55, 125); color: rgb(244, 244, 244); }
.rs-segmented-control.blue-color .rs-radio-group .rs-radio-control-input:focus + label { z-index: 1; outline: -webkit-focus-ring-color auto 5px; }
.rs-segmented-control.blue-color .rs-radio-group .rs-radio-control-input:active:not(:checked) + label { background: rgb(251, 251, 251); text-decoration: underline; }
.rs-segmented-control.red-color .rs-radio-group { display: flex; flex-direction: row; }
.rs-segmented-control.red-color .rs-radio-group-label { clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); height: 1px; width: 1px; overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; }
.rs-segmented-control.red-color .rs-radio-group .rs-radio-control:first-of-type .rs-radio-control-label { border-left-width: 1px; border-radius: 3px 0px 0px 3px; }
.rs-segmented-control.red-color .rs-radio-group .rs-radio-control:last-of-type .rs-radio-control-label { border-radius: 0px 3px 3px 0px; }
.rs-segmented-control.red-color .rs-radio-group .rs-radio-control:not(:first-of-type) .rs-radio-control-label { border-left-width: 0px; }
.rs-segmented-control.red-color .rs-radio-group .rs-radio-control .rs-radio-control-label { text-align: center; color: rgb(168, 11, 9); border: 1px solid rgb(168, 11, 9); cursor: pointer; margin: 0px; padding: 0.25rem 0.5rem; width: 100%; display: block; line-height: 1.25rem; }
.rs-segmented-control.red-color .rs-radio-group .rs-radio-control-input { clip: rect(0px, 0px, 0px, 0px); opacity: 0; position: absolute; }
.rs-segmented-control.red-color .rs-radio-group .rs-radio-control-input:checked + label { background: rgb(168, 11, 9); border-color: rgb(168, 11, 9); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.rs-segmented-control.red-color .rs-radio-group .rs-radio-control-input:focus + label { z-index: 1; outline: -webkit-focus-ring-color auto 5px; }
.rs-segmented-control.red-color .rs-radio-group .rs-radio-control-input:active:not(:checked) + label { background: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration: underline; }
.rs-segmented-control.green-color .rs-radio-group { display: flex; flex-direction: row; }
.rs-segmented-control.green-color .rs-radio-group-label { clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); height: 1px; width: 1px; overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; }
.rs-segmented-control.green-color .rs-radio-group .rs-radio-control:first-of-type .rs-radio-control-label { border-left-width: 1px; border-radius: 3px 0px 0px 3px; }
.rs-segmented-control.green-color .rs-radio-group .rs-radio-control:last-of-type .rs-radio-control-label { border-radius: 0px 3px 3px 0px; }
.rs-segmented-control.green-color .rs-radio-group .rs-radio-control:not(:first-of-type) .rs-radio-control-label { border-left-width: 0px; }
.rs-segmented-control.green-color .rs-radio-group .rs-radio-control .rs-radio-control-label { text-align: center; color: rgb(5, 117, 32); border: 1px solid rgb(5, 117, 32); cursor: pointer; margin: 0px; padding: 0.25rem 0.5rem; width: 100%; display: block; line-height: 1.25rem; }
.rs-segmented-control.green-color .rs-radio-group .rs-radio-control-input { clip: rect(0px, 0px, 0px, 0px); opacity: 0; position: absolute; }
.rs-segmented-control.green-color .rs-radio-group .rs-radio-control-input:checked + label { background: rgb(5, 117, 32); border-color: rgb(5, 117, 32); color: rgb(244, 244, 244); }
.rs-segmented-control.green-color .rs-radio-group .rs-radio-control-input:focus + label { z-index: 1; outline: -webkit-focus-ring-color auto 5px; }
.rs-segmented-control.green-color .rs-radio-group .rs-radio-control-input:active:not(:checked) + label { background: rgb(251, 251, 251); text-decoration: underline; }
.rs-step-progress-bar { display: flex; justify-content: space-around; counter-reset: progress 0; list-style: none; }
.rs-step-progress-bar-item { counter-increment: progress 1; white-space: nowrap; align-items: center; position: relative; display: flex; flex-grow: 1; flex-basis: 0px; flex-direction: column; overflow: visible; }
.rs-step-progress-bar-item-title { text-decoration: none; color: rgb(59, 59, 59); line-height: 1.75rem; font-size: 1rem; padding-top: 3rem; position: relative; }
.rs-step-progress-bar-item > svg { display: none; }
.rs-step-progress-bar-item::after { position: absolute; content: counter(progress); display: block; text-align: center; border-radius: 2rem; width: 2rem; min-width: 2rem; height: 2rem; line-height: calc(2rem – 4px); border: 2px solid rgb(59, 59, 59); background: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: 600; margin: 0.4375rem auto; }
.rs-step-progress-bar-item::before { content: “”; height: 0.25rem; width: 100%; position: absolute; top: 1.3125rem; background: rgb(178, 178, 178); clip: unset; }
.rs-step-progress-bar-item:first-child::before { background: linear-gradient(90deg, transparent 50%, rgb(178, 178, 178) 50%); }
.rs-step-progress-bar-item:last-child::before { background: linear-gradient(90deg, rgb(178, 178, 178) 50%, transparent 50%); }
.rs-step-progress-bar-item-complete > .rs-step-progress-bar-item-title { color: rgb(2, 89, 204); cursor: pointer; }
.rs-step-progress-bar-item-complete > svg { display: block; color: rgb(2, 89, 204); position: absolute; width: 2rem; height: 2rem; border: none; top: 7px; }
.rs-step-progress-bar-item-complete::after { content: “”; background: 0px 0px; border: none; }
.rs-step-progress-bar-item-complete::before { background: rgb(2, 89, 204); }
.rs-step-progress-bar-item-complete:first-child::before { background: linear-gradient(90deg, transparent 50%, rgb(2, 89, 204) 50%); }
.rs-step-progress-bar-item-complete:last-child::before { background: linear-gradient(90deg, rgb(2, 89, 204) 50%, transparent 50%); }
.rs-step-progress-bar-item-active > .rs-step-progress-bar-item-title { font-weight: 600; }
.rs-step-progress-bar-item-active::after { font-size: 1.5625rem; width: 2.625rem; min-width: 2.625rem; height: 2.625rem; line-height: 2.625rem; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background: rgb(2, 89, 204); border: none; margin: 0.1875rem auto; }
.rs-step-progress-bar-item-active::before { background: linear-gradient(90deg, rgb(2, 89, 204) 50%, rgb(178, 178, 178) 50%); }
.rs-step-progress-bar-item-active:first-child::before { background: linear-gradient(90deg, transparent 50%, rgb(178, 178, 178) 50%); }
.rs-step-progress-bar-item-active:last-child::before { background: linear-gradient(90deg, rgb(2, 89, 204) 50%, transparent 50%); }
.rs-tabbed-nav-links { display: flex; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(1, 69, 159); }
.rs-tabbed-nav-links-item { transition: margin 0.2s ease 0s; padding: 1rem 2rem; background: rgb(251, 251, 251); border-width: 2px 2px 0px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(178, 178, 178); border-right-color: rgb(178, 178, 178); border-left-color: rgb(178, 178, 178); border-image: initial; border-bottom-style: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; margin: 2px 0px 0px; color: rgb(59, 59, 59); font-weight: 600; text-decoration: none; }
.rs-tabbed-nav-links-item:first-of-type { border-top-left-radius: 3px; }
.rs-tabbed-nav-links-item:last-of-type { border-top-right-radius: 3px; }
.rs-tabbed-nav-links-item:hover { color: rgb(0, 0, 0); }
.rs-tabbed-nav-links-item:not(:last-of-type) { border-right: none; }
.rs-tabbed-nav-links-item.active { border-right: 2px solid rgb(1, 69, 159); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: -2px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(1, 69, 159); box-shadow: none; border-top-color: rgb(1, 69, 159); border-bottom-color: rgb(1, 69, 159); border-left-color: rgb(1, 69, 159); }
.rs-tabbed-nav-links-item.active + .rs-tabbed-nav-links-item { border-left: none; }
.rs-tabbed-nav-content { background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right: 2px solid rgb(1, 69, 159); border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(1, 69, 159); border-left: 2px solid rgb(1, 69, 159); border-image: initial; border-top: none; border-bottom-left-radius: 3px; border-bottom-right-radius: 3px; padding: 1rem; box-shadow: rgb(178, 178, 178) 0px 0px 3px; }
.rs-table { overflow-x: auto; }
.rs-table-content { white-space: nowrap; min-width: 100%; display: table; }
.rs-table-content-empty { display: block; }
.rs-table-content-empty-message { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; line-height: 1.75rem; padding: 1.25rem 1.25rem 0px; color: rgb(118, 118, 118); white-space: normal; text-align: center; }
.rs-table-header { display: table-header-group; }
.rs-table-body { display: table-row-group; }
.rs-table-body-cell-icon > button { vertical-align: top; cursor: pointer; }
.rs-table-body-cell-icon > button > svg { height: 100%; padding: 0.125rem 0px; vertical-align: top; }
.rs-table-body-cell-link > button { display: inline-block; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: underline; }
.rs-table-body-cell-link > button, .rs-table-body-cell-link > button:active { color: rgb(2, 89, 204); }
.rs-table-body-cell-icon > button, .rs-table-body-cell-icon > button:active, .rs-table-body-cell-icon > button:focus, .rs-table-body-cell-icon > button:hover, .rs-table-body-cell-link > button, .rs-table-body-cell-link > button:active, .rs-table-body-cell-link > button:focus, .rs-table-body-cell-link > button:hover { line-height: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; background: 0px 0px; font-weight: inherit; font-family: inherit; border: none; }
.instructor-nav, .publisher-nav, .rs-table-footer-cell > div, .student-nav { border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(178, 178, 178); }
.rs-table-footer { display: table-footer-group; }
.rs-table-row { display: table-row; }
.rs-table-cell { display: table-cell; padding-top: 0.5rem; padding-right: 2.5rem; padding-bottom: 0.5rem; color: rgb(59, 59, 59); }
.rs-table-footer-cell, .rs-table-header-cell { display: table-cell; }
.rs-table-header-cell { padding-top: 0px; border-top: 0px; }
.rs-table-footer-cell { padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; vertical-align: top; }
.rs-table-footer-cell > div { border-top: 1px solid rgb(178, 178, 178); padding: 0.375rem 2.5rem 0.375rem 0.333rem; text-align: left; }
.rs-table-footer-cell > div::before { content: “”; display: inline-block; width: 0px; }
.rs-table-footer-cell > div.center-align { text-align: center; padding-left: 2.5rem; padding-right: 2.5rem; }
.rs-table-footer-cell > div.right-align { text-align: right; }
.rs-table-footer-cell:first-child > div { border-left: 1px solid rgb(178, 178, 178); }
.rs-table-footer-cell:last-child > div { border-right: 1px solid rgb(178, 178, 178); }
.classic.rs-table .rs-table-content { border-bottom: 1.25rem solid transparent; }
.classic.rs-table .rs-table-body-row:nth-child(2n+1) > .rs-table-cell { background: rgb(237, 237, 237); }
.classic.rs-table .rs-table-cell { line-height: 1.5rem; font-size: 0.875rem; vertical-align: middle; }
.classic.rs-table .rs-table-body-row:not(:first-child) > .rs-table-body-cell { border-top: 1px solid rgb(118, 118, 118); }
.classic.rs-table .rs-table-header-cell { border-bottom: 4px solid rgb(2, 89, 204); padding-bottom: 0.25rem; }
.classic.rs-table .rs-table-body-cell, .classic.rs-table .rs-table-header-cell { padding-left: 0.777rem; }
.classic.rs-table .rs-table-body-cell:not(:first-child), .classic.rs-table .rs-table-header-cell:not(:first-child) { border-left: 1px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.classic.rs-table .rs-table-body-cell > button { height: 1.5rem; }
.classic.rs-table .rs-table-footer-cell, .classic.rs-table .rs-table-header-cell { font-weight: 700; font-size: 1rem; }
.modern.rs-table { border: 1px solid rgb(178, 178, 178); }
.modern.rs-table .rs-table-content { border: 1.25rem solid transparent; }
.modern.rs-table .rs-table-body-row:nth-child(2n) > .rs-table-cell { background: rgb(251, 252, 254); }
.modern.rs-table .rs-table-cell { line-height: 1.75rem; vertical-align: middle; }
.modern.rs-table .rs-table-body-cell, .modern.rs-table .rs-table-header-cell { padding-left: 0.333rem; }
.modern.rs-table .rs-table-body-row > .rs-table-body-cell { border-top: 1px solid rgb(118, 118, 118); }
.modern.rs-table .rs-table-body-cell > button { height: 1.75rem; }
.modern.rs-table .rs-table-footer-cell, .modern.rs-table .rs-table-header-cell { font-weight: 600; font-size: 1.125rem; }
.rs-text-editor > .editor-label, .rs-text-editor > .preview-area > .preview-label { font-size: 1rem; font-weight: 600; line-height: 2rem; display: block; margin-bottom: 0.5rem; }
.rs-text-editor-output-title, .rs-text-editor > .available-tags .rs-collapsible-item-title-content { line-height: 1.75rem; font-weight: 400; font-family: “Source Sans Pro”, Arial, sans-serif; }
.rs-text-editor-output { margin-top: 2rem; border: 1px solid rgb(178, 178, 178); padding: 1rem; }
.rs-text-editor-output-title { font-size: 1.5625rem; }
.rs-text-editor ol, .rs-text-editor ul { display: block; list-style: disc; margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 40px; }
.rs-text-editor ol { list-style-type: decimal; }
.rs-text-editor li { display: list-item; }
.rs-text-editor ol ul, .rs-text-editor ul ul { list-style-type: circle; margin-left: 15px; }
.rs-text-editor ol ol, .rs-text-editor ul ol { list-style-type: lower-latin; margin-left: 15px; }
.rs-text-editor .fr-toolbar .fr-btn span.rs-fr-icon, .rs-text-editor .fr-toolbar .fr-command span.rs-fr-icon { margin: 0px; padding: 0px; }
.rs-text-editor .fr-toolbar .fr-btn span.rs-fr-icon svg, .rs-text-editor .fr-toolbar .fr-command span.rs-fr-icon svg { height: 1rem; width: auto; margin: 0px auto; padding: 0px; }
.rs-text-editor .fr-toolbar .fr-btn.fr-dropdown, .rs-text-editor .fr-toolbar .fr-btn.fr-dropdown-menu, .rs-text-editor .fr-toolbar .fr-command.fr-dropdown, .rs-text-editor .fr-toolbar .fr-command.fr-dropdown-menu { width: auto; }
.rs-text-editor .fr-toolbar .fr-btn.fr-dropdown span.rs-fr-icon, .rs-text-editor .fr-toolbar .fr-btn.fr-dropdown-menu span.rs-fr-icon, .rs-text-editor .fr-toolbar .fr-command.fr-dropdown span.rs-fr-icon, .rs-text-editor .fr-toolbar .fr-command.fr-dropdown-menu span.rs-fr-icon { margin: 0px 0.5rem 0px auto; }
.rs-text-editor .fr-toolbar .fr-btn.fr-dropdown span.rs-fr-icon svg, .rs-text-editor .fr-toolbar .fr-btn.fr-dropdown-menu span.rs-fr-icon svg, .rs-text-editor .fr-toolbar .fr-command.fr-dropdown span.rs-fr-icon svg, .rs-text-editor .fr-toolbar .fr-command.fr-dropdown-menu span.rs-fr-icon svg { margin: 0px auto; }
.rs-text-editor > .available-tags { margin-bottom: 1.5rem; }
.rs-text-editor > .available-tags .rs-collapsible-item-title-content { font-size: 1rem; }
.rs-text-editor > .available-tags .available-tags-title { padding: 0.5rem 0px; font-weight: 600; }
.rs-text-editor .fr-box.fr-basic.fr-top .fr-wrapper strong, .rs-text-editor > .preview-area > .preview-output strong { font-weight: 700; }
.rs-text-editor > .available-tags .available-tags-description { margin-bottom: 0.75rem; }
.rs-text-editor > .available-tags .available-tags-list .available-tag { margin-right: 1rem; }
.rs-text-editor > .available-tags .available-tags-list .available-tag:last-child { margin-right: 0px; }
.rs-text-editor .fr-box.fr-basic.fr-top .fr-wrapper { box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 1px 2px; }
.rs-text-editor .fr-box.fr-basic.fr-top .fr-wrapper em { font-style: italic; }
.rs-text-editor .fr-box.fr-basic.fr-top .fr-wrapper .fr-placeholder { color: rgb(59, 59, 59); }
.rs-text-editor > .rs-text-editor-froala.with-notice .fr-box.fr-basic.fr-top .fr-wrapper { border-radius: 0px; }
.rs-text-editor > .variable-substitution-notice { padding: 0.5rem; border-bottom-left-radius: 2px; border-bottom-right-radius: 2px; border-top: 1px solid rgb(237, 237, 237); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 1px 2px; position: relative; z-index: 1; display: flex; }
.rs-text-editor > .variable-substitution-notice > svg { margin-right: 0.5rem; border: 1px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 50%; height: 1.2rem; }
.rs-text-editor > .variable-substitution-notice.variable-substitution-correct { background: rgb(225, 237, 227); }
.rs-text-editor > .variable-substitution-notice.variable-substitution-correct > svg { color: rgb(40, 136, 63); }
.rs-text-editor > .variable-substitution-notice.variable-substitution-incorrect { background: rgb(243, 226, 225); }
.rs-text-editor > .variable-substitution-notice.variable-substitution-incorrect ul { padding-left: 0px; list-style-position: inside; }
.rs-text-editor > .variable-substitution-notice.variable-substitution-incorrect ul li { white-space: nowrap; }
.rs-text-editor > .variable-substitution-notice.variable-substitution-incorrect > svg { color: rgb(180, 45, 43); }
.rs-text-editor > .preview-area { padding-top: 1rem; }
.rs-text-editor > .preview-area > .preview-output { border-top: 1px solid rgb(237, 237, 237); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 1px 2px; border-radius: 2px; padding: 1rem; }
.rs-text-editor > .preview-area > .preview-output em { font-style: italic; }
.fr-popup > .fr-buttons > button.fr-btn.fr-command > span.rs-fr-icon { height: auto; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; }
.fr-popup > .fr-buttons > .fr-dropdown-menu > .fr-dropdown-wrapper > .fr-dropdown-content > .fr-dropdown-list > li > a.fr-command > span.rs-fr-icon > svg { height: 1rem; }
.rs-toggle-input { clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); height: 1px; width: 1px; overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; }
.rs-toggle-input:checked + label { border-color: rgb(59, 59, 59); }
.rs-toggle-input:checked + label .rs-toggle-label-switch-inner { margin-left: 0px; }
.rs-toggle-input:checked + label .rs-toggle-label-switch-bubble { background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); right: 0.1rem; left: initial; }
.rs-toggle-label { display: flex; align-items: center; cursor: pointer; font-size: 0.875rem; }
.rs-toggle-label-switch { border: 2px solid rgb(59, 59, 59); border-radius: 30px; transition-delay: 0.3s; margin: 0px 0.25rem; position: relative; width: 3.5rem; overflow: hidden; background: rgb(178, 178, 178); }
.rs-toggle-label-switch-inner { display: block; width: 200%; margin-left: -100%; transition: margin 0.2s ease-in 0s; }
.rs-toggle-label-switch-inner::after, .rs-toggle-label-switch-inner::before { display: block; float: left; width: 50%; height: 25px; padding: 0px; line-height: 25px; font-size: 1em; box-sizing: border-box; }
.rs-toggle-label-switch-inner::before { content: “”; padding-left: 1em; background-color: rgb(2, 89, 204); color: rgb(251, 251, 251); }
.rs-toggle-label-switch-inner::after { content: “”; padding-right: 1em; color: rgb(59, 59, 59); text-align: right; }
.rs-toggle-label-switch-bubble { display: block; position: absolute; top: 2px; width: 21px; height: 21px; right: calc(100% – 23px); border: 2px solid rgb(59, 59, 59); border-radius: 50%; transition: all 0.2s ease-in 0s; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.rs-tooltip-south::before, .rs-tooltip::before { height: 0px; text-decoration: none; width: 0px; font-size: 0.75rem; }
.rs-tooltip { align-items: center; display: inline-flex; justify-content: center; position: relative; }
.rs-tooltip-south::after, .rs-tooltip-south::before, .rs-tooltip::after, .rs-tooltip::before { pointer-events: none; position: absolute; }
.rs-tooltip::before { border: 6px solid transparent; content: “”; opacity: 0; z-index: 501; }
.rs-tooltip::after { background-color: rgb(33, 33, 33); border-radius: 3px; color: rgb(244, 244, 244); content: attr(aria-label); font-size: 0.8125rem; font-weight: 400; opacity: 0; outline: 0px; padding: 0.25rem 0.5rem; white-space: pre; z-index: 501; bottom: -2.2rem; }
.rs-tooltip-north, .rs-tooltip-south { display: inline-flex; position: relative; }
.rs-tooltip:focus::after, .rs-tooltip:focus::before, .rs-tooltip:hover::after, .rs-tooltip:hover::before { animation-delay: 0.2s; animation-duration: 0.1s; animation-fill-mode: forwards; animation-name: show-tooltip; animation-timing-function: ease-in; }
.rs-tooltip::before { border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 33, 33); border-top-color: transparent; bottom: -0.85rem; }
.rs-tooltip-south { align-items: center; justify-content: center; }
.rs-tooltip-south:focus { box-shadow: rgba(3, 102, 180, 0.7) 0px 0px 0.15rem 0.15rem; outline: 0px; }
.rs-tooltip-south::before { border: 6px solid transparent; content: “”; opacity: 0; z-index: 501; }
.rs-tooltip-north::after, .rs-tooltip-south::after { border-radius: 3px; font-weight: 400; background-color: rgb(33, 33, 33); color: rgb(244, 244, 244); outline: 0px; padding: 0.25rem 0.5rem; white-space: pre; z-index: 501; }
.rs-tooltip-south::after { content: attr(aria-label); font-size: 0.8125rem; opacity: 0; bottom: -2.2rem; }
.rs-tooltip-south:focus::after, .rs-tooltip-south:focus::before, .rs-tooltip-south:hover::after, .rs-tooltip-south:hover::before { animation-delay: 0.2s; animation-duration: 0.1s; animation-fill-mode: forwards; animation-name: show-tooltip; animation-timing-function: ease-in; }
.rs-tooltip-south::before { border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 33, 33); border-top-color: transparent; bottom: -0.85rem; }
.rs-tooltip-north::before, .rs-tooltip-nw::before, .rs-tooltip-se::before, .rs-tooltip-sw::before { border: 6px solid transparent; height: 0px; width: 0px; text-decoration: none; }
.rs-tooltip-north { align-items: center; justify-content: center; }
.rs-tooltip-nw, .rs-tooltip-se, .rs-tooltip-sw { align-items: center; display: inline-flex; }
.rs-tooltip-north::after, .rs-tooltip-north::before, .rs-tooltip-sw::after, .rs-tooltip-sw::before { position: absolute; opacity: 0; pointer-events: none; }
.rs-tooltip-north:focus { box-shadow: rgba(3, 102, 180, 0.7) 0px 0px 0.15rem 0.15rem; outline: 0px; }
.rs-tooltip-north::before { content: “”; font-size: 0.75rem; z-index: 501; }
.rs-tooltip-north::after { content: attr(aria-label); font-size: 0.8125rem; top: -2.2rem; }
.rs-tooltip-north:focus::after, .rs-tooltip-north:focus::before, .rs-tooltip-north:hover::after, .rs-tooltip-north:hover::before { animation-delay: 0.2s; animation-duration: 0.1s; animation-fill-mode: forwards; animation-name: show-tooltip; animation-timing-function: ease-in; }
.rs-tooltip-north::before { border-bottom-color: transparent; border-top-color: rgb(33, 33, 33); top: -0.85rem; }
.rs-tooltip-sw { justify-content: center; position: relative; }
.rs-tooltip-sw::before { content: “”; font-size: 0.75rem; z-index: 501; }
.rs-tooltip-nw::after, .rs-tooltip-se::after, .rs-tooltip-sw::after { border-radius: 3px; font-weight: 400; }
.rs-tooltip-sw::after { background-color: rgb(33, 33, 33); color: rgb(244, 244, 244); content: attr(aria-label); font-size: 0.8125rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0.25rem 0.5rem; white-space: pre; z-index: 501; bottom: -2.2rem; right: 0px; }
.rs-tooltip-sw:focus::after, .rs-tooltip-sw:focus::before, .rs-tooltip-sw:hover::after, .rs-tooltip-sw:hover::before { animation-delay: 0.2s; animation-duration: 0.1s; animation-fill-mode: forwards; animation-name: show-tooltip; animation-timing-function: ease-in; }
.rs-tooltip-sw::before { border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 33, 33); border-top-color: transparent; bottom: -0.85rem; right: 0.5rem; }
.rs-tooltip-nw { justify-content: center; position: relative; }
.rs-tooltip-nw:focus { box-shadow: rgba(3, 102, 180, 0.7) 0px 0px 0.15rem 0.15rem; outline: 0px; }
.rs-tooltip-nw::before { content: “”; font-size: 0.75rem; opacity: 0; pointer-events: none; position: absolute; z-index: 501; }
.rs-tooltip-nw::after { background-color: rgb(33, 33, 33); color: rgb(244, 244, 244); content: attr(aria-label); font-size: 0.8125rem; opacity: 0; outline: 0px; padding: 0.25rem 0.5rem; pointer-events: none; position: absolute; white-space: pre; z-index: 501; right: 0px; top: -2.2rem; }
.rs-tooltip-nw:focus::after, .rs-tooltip-nw:focus::before, .rs-tooltip-nw:hover::after, .rs-tooltip-nw:hover::before { animation-delay: 0.2s; animation-duration: 0.1s; animation-fill-mode: forwards; animation-name: show-tooltip; animation-timing-function: ease-in; }
.rs-tooltip-nw::before { border-bottom-color: transparent; border-top-color: rgb(33, 33, 33); right: 0.5rem; top: -0.85rem; }
.rs-tooltip-se { justify-content: center; position: relative; }
.rs-text-link, .rs-tooltip-ne { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; }
.rs-tooltip-se::before { content: “”; font-size: 0.75rem; opacity: 0; pointer-events: none; position: absolute; z-index: 501; }
.rs-tooltip-ne::after, .rs-tooltip-se::after { background-color: rgb(33, 33, 33); color: rgb(244, 244, 244); content: attr(aria-label); opacity: 0; outline: 0px; padding: 0.25rem 0.5rem; pointer-events: none; white-space: pre; z-index: 501; }
.rs-tooltip-se::after { font-size: 0.8125rem; position: absolute; bottom: -2.2rem; left: 0px; }
.rs-tooltip-se:focus::after, .rs-tooltip-se:focus::before, .rs-tooltip-se:hover::after, .rs-tooltip-se:hover::before { animation-delay: 0.2s; animation-duration: 0.1s; animation-fill-mode: forwards; animation-name: show-tooltip; animation-timing-function: ease-in; }
.rs-tooltip-se::before { border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 33, 33); border-top-color: transparent; bottom: -0.85rem; left: 0.5rem; }
.rs-tooltip-ne { justify-content: center; position: relative; }
.rs-tooltip-ne:focus { box-shadow: rgba(3, 102, 180, 0.7) 0px 0px 0.15rem 0.15rem; outline: 0px; }
.rs-tooltip-ne::before { border: 6px solid transparent; content: “”; font-size: 0.75rem; height: 0px; opacity: 0; pointer-events: none; position: absolute; text-decoration: none; width: 0px; z-index: 501; }
.rs-tooltip-ne::after { border-radius: 3px; font-size: 0.8125rem; font-weight: 400; position: absolute; left: 0px; top: -2.2rem; }
.rs-tooltip-ne:focus::after, .rs-tooltip-ne:focus::before, .rs-tooltip-ne:hover::after, .rs-tooltip-ne:hover::before { animation-delay: 0.2s; animation-duration: 0.1s; animation-fill-mode: forwards; animation-name: show-tooltip; animation-timing-function: ease-in; }
.rs-tooltip-ne::before { border-bottom-color: transparent; border-top-color: rgb(33, 33, 33); left: 0.5rem; top: -0.85rem; }
h1.rs-page-heading { font-family: “Source Sans Pro”, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 2.5rem; line-height: 3.25rem; font-weight: 300; margin-bottom: 1rem; }
h2.rs-section-heading { font-family: “Source Sans Pro”, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 2rem; line-height: 2.5rem; font-weight: 400; margin-bottom: 1rem; }
h3.rs-subsection-heading, h4.rs-category-heading { margin-bottom: 0.5rem; font-family: “Source Sans Pro”, Arial, sans-serif; }
h3.rs-subsection-heading { font-size: 1.5rem; line-height: 2.25rem; font-weight: 400; }
h4.rs-category-heading { font-size: 1.2rem; line-height: 1.75rem; font-weight: 600; }
.rs-text-link { font-weight: 600; color: rgb(59, 59, 59); text-decoration: none; padding: 0.5rem; }
.rs-text-link:hover { color: rgb(2, 89, 204); }
.rs-action-link svg path, .rs-text-link svg path { fill: rgb(59, 59, 59); }
.rs-text-link svg { height: 1rem; width: 1rem; margin-right: 0.25rem; }
.rs-action-link { font-family: “Source Sans Pro”, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.2rem; font-weight: 700; overflow: hidden; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(59, 59, 59); border: 1px solid rgb(59, 59, 59); padding: 0.75rem; margin-right: 1.75rem; text-decoration: none; }
.answer-option, .single-question-detail { overflow-wrap: break-word; }
@media (max-width: 480px) {
.rs-action-link { flex-grow: 1; }
}
.rs-action-link svg { height: 1rem; width: 1rem; margin-right: 0.25rem; vertical-align: -0.2rem; }
.rs-action-link:focus, .rs-action-link:hover { color: rgb(2, 89, 204); border-color: rgb(2, 89, 204); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 1px 2px; }
.rs-action-link:focus svg path, .rs-action-link:hover svg path { fill: rgb(2, 89, 204); }
.rs-action-link:active { color: rgb(0, 0, 0); }
.rs-action-link:active svg path { fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); }
.rs-action-link:disabled { border: 1px solid rgb(178, 178, 178); color: rgb(118, 118, 118); cursor: not-allowed; }
.rs-action-link:disabled svg path { fill: rgb(118, 118, 118); }
.rs-action-link:disabled:hover { box-shadow: none; }
.rs-action-link.primary { color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(2, 89, 204); border-color: rgb(2, 89, 204); }
.rs-action-link.primary svg path { fill: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.rs-action-link.primary:focus, .rs-action-link.primary:hover { background-color: rgb(37, 112, 211); border-color: rgb(37, 112, 211); }
.rs-action-link.primary:active { background-color: rgb(1, 69, 159); }
.rs-action-link.primary:disabled { background-color: rgb(118, 118, 118); border: 1px solid rgb(118, 118, 118); }
.rs-box-link { text-decoration: none; text-align: center; }
.answer-option { border-radius: 0.375rem; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 1px solid rgb(59, 59, 59); }
.answer-option input { position: absolute; left: -10000px; top: auto; width: 1px; height: 1px; overflow: hidden; }
.answer-option input:focus + label { outline: -webkit-focus-ring-color auto 5px; }
.answer-option-label { line-height: 1.5rem; display: flex; align-items: center; padding: 0.5rem 1.125rem; }
.answer-option-label-marker { width: 1.25rem; min-width: 1.25rem; height: 1.25rem; line-height: 1.25rem; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.24) 0px 0.125rem 0.125rem 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 1px solid rgb(59, 59, 59); color: rgb(59, 59, 59); border-radius: 2rem; font-size: 0.83rem; font-weight: 500; display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center; }
.answer-option-label-content { margin-left: 0.9375rem; flex: 1 1 0%; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.25rem; min-width: 1%; color: rgb(59, 59, 59); }
.answer-option.is-correct .answer-option-label-marker, .answer-option.is-incorrect .answer-option-label-marker { border: none; box-shadow: none; }
.answer-option:not(.is-correct):not(.is-incorrect):not(.disabled), .answer-option:not(.is-correct):not(.is-incorrect):not(.disabled) label { cursor: pointer; }
.answer-option:not(.is-correct):not(.is-incorrect):not(.disabled).is-selected { border-color: rgb(37, 112, 211); }
.answer-option:not(.is-correct):not(.is-incorrect):not(.disabled).is-selected .answer-option-label-marker { background: rgb(37, 112, 211); border-color: rgb(37, 112, 211); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: 700; }
.answer-option.is-correct { border-color: rgb(5, 117, 32); }
.answer-option.is-correct .answer-option-label-marker svg { fill: rgb(5, 117, 32); }
.answer-option.is-incorrect { border-color: rgb(168, 11, 9); }
.answer-option.is-incorrect .answer-option-label-marker svg { fill: rgb(168, 11, 9); }
.answer-option .answer-option-label-marker > svg { width: 1.25rem; height: 1.25rem; min-width: 1.25rem; }
.answer-options-with-summary-label { margin: 0.625em 0px; font-weight: 700; }
.answer-options-with-summary-radiogroup { display: flex; flex-direction: column; margin: auto; }
.answer-options-with-summary-radiogroup > .answer-option:not(:last-child), .answer-options-with-summary-radiogroup > .answer-response-status { margin: 0px 0px 0.625em; }
.answer-response-status { display: flex; flex-direction: row; align-items: center; border: 1px solid rgb(59, 59, 59); }
.answer-response-status-graphic { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; height: 1.5rem; width: 3rem; }
.answer-response-status-graphic .svg-icon { padding: 0.2rem; height: 1.5rem; width: 1.5rem; }
.answer-response-status-text { padding: 1rem 0.625rem; border-left: 1px solid rgb(59, 59, 59); }
.answer-response-status.is-correct { background: rgb(225, 237, 227); border: 1px solid rgb(5, 117, 32); }
.answer-response-status.is-correct .svg-icon { fill: rgb(5, 117, 32); }
.answer-response-status.is-correct .answer-response-status-text { border-left: 1px solid rgb(5, 117, 32); }
.answer-response-status.is-incorrect { background: rgb(243, 226, 225); border: 1px solid rgb(168, 11, 9); }
.answer-response-status.is-incorrect .svg-icon { fill: rgb(168, 11, 9); }
.answer-response-status.is-incorrect .answer-response-status-text { border-left: 1px solid rgb(168, 11, 9); }
.answer-response-status.submitted-without-answer { background: rgb(244, 244, 244); border: 1px solid rgb(59, 59, 59); }
.answer-response-status.submitted-without-answer .svg-icon { fill: rgb(118, 118, 118); }
.assignment-page-range-selector { display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-content: center; }
.assignment-page-range-selector-options { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; margin-bottom: 2rem; width: 100%; }
.assignment-page-range-selector-options-start { flex: 1 1 0%; margin-right: 1rem; }
.assignment-page-range-selector-options-end { flex: 1 1 0%; margin-left: 1rem; }
.assignment-page-range-selector-button { display: flex; justify-content: center; }
.assignment-page-range-selector-button-add { width: 16rem; }
.assignment-page-range-selector .assignment-page-range { padding-bottom: 0.75rem; font-size: 1.25rem; text-align: center; }
.assignment-page-range-selector .assignment-page-range strong { font-weight: 700; font-size: 1.5rem; }
.assignment-page-range-selector .error { text-align: center; padding-bottom: 0.75rem; }
.assignment-page-range-selector .error strong { font-weight: 700; }
.assignment-submission { display: flex; flex-direction: column; }
.assignment-submission .detail-row { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; }
.assignment-submission .rs-segmented-control { margin: 0px auto; padding: 0.625rem 0px; }
.assignment-submission-questions-list { display: flex; flex-direction: column; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.completed-assignments-chart, .delta-value { align-items: center; display: flex; }
.assignment-submission-questions-list-item:not(:last-of-type) { border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(118, 118, 118); }
.assignment-submission-questions-list-item-link { text-decoration: none; }
.assignment-submission-questions-list-no-content { padding: 2rem; text-align: center; }
.completed-assignments-chart { background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); padding: 2rem; color: rgb(59, 59, 59); border: 1px solid rgb(237, 237, 237); justify-content: center; width: 100%; }
.completed-assignments-chart > .highcharts-wrapper { width: 100%; height: 100%; }
.classroom-header-card .rs-card-title { text-align: center; }
.classroom-header-card .rs-card-content { display: flex; }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.classroom-header-card .rs-card-content { flex-direction: column; }
}
.classroom-header-card-item { text-align: center; padding: 0.6875rem; flex: 1 1 0%; display: flex; flex-direction: column; justify-content: center; }
.classroom-header-card-item-value { font-family: “Source Sans Pro”, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1.5625rem; line-height: 1.75rem; font-weight: 800; }
.classroom-header-card-item:not(:last-of-type) { border-right: 1px solid rgb(178, 178, 178); }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.classroom-header-card-item:not(:last-of-type) { border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(178, 178, 178); border-right: none; }
}
.delta-value svg { margin-right: 0.5rem; height: 1rem; width: 1rem; }
.delta-value.positive svg { fill: rgb(3, 91, 24); }
.delta-value.negative svg { fill: rgb(131, 8, 7); }
.delta-value.neutral svg { color: rgb(118, 118, 118); }
.answer-option-editor { position: relative; display: flex; align-items: center; border-radius: 0.375rem; border: 1px solid rgb(59, 59, 59); }
.answer-option-editor-label-marker { width: 1.25rem; height: 1.25rem; margin: 0px 1rem; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.24) 0px 0.125rem 0.125rem 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 1px solid rgb(59, 59, 59); color: rgb(59, 59, 59); border-radius: 2rem; font-size: 0.83rem; font-weight: 500; display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center; }
.answer-option-editor-content { flex: 1 1 0%; display: flex; flex-direction: column; border-left: 1px solid rgb(59, 59, 59); }
.answer-option-editor-content-actions { flex: 1 1 0%; text-align: right; padding-top: 1rem; }
.answer-option-editor-content-actions .rs-box-link svg, .answer-option-editor-content-actions .rs-button svg { height: 1.5rem; width: 1.5rem; }
.answer-option-editor-content-actions .rs-box-link svg path, .answer-option-editor-content-actions .rs-button svg path { fill: none; }
.answer-option-editor-content-editor-controls { padding: 0px 1rem 1rem; flex: 1 1 0%; }
.answer-option-editor-content-editor-controls .rs-text-editor { padding-bottom: 0.5rem; }
.modern.rs-table .rs-table-content { white-space: inherit; }
.no-data { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 2fr 3fr; grid-template-areas: “logo message”; max-width: 60%; margin-left: 20%; margin-right: 20%; }
.no-data__message { grid-area: message / message / message / message; justify-content: center; padding: 1em; }
.no-data__message__text { font-size: 1.5em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; }
.no-data__logo { grid-area: logo / logo / logo / logo; display: block; margin: auto; }
.no-data__logo svg { width: 10.25em; height: 10.25em; }
.page-range-preview { border: 1px solid rgb(0, 88, 123); padding: 0.625em; display: flex; border-radius: 4px; align-items: center; max-width: 28em; }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.page-range-preview { font-size: 0.9em; padding: 0.3125em; }
.page-range-preview .page-range-preview-details-pages { font-size: 1em; }
}
.page-range-preview-images { flex-basis: 50%; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; }
.page-range-preview-image { width: 50%; padding: 0.25em; }
.page-range-preview-image img { max-width: 6em; border-radius: 0.25em; border: 1px solid rgb(247, 247, 247); }
.page-range-preview-info { display: flex; flex-basis: 50%; color: rgb(0, 106, 148); align-items: center; }
.page-range-preview-details { flex: 1 1 0%; padding-left: 0.5em; font-size: 1.2em; font-weight: 600; }
.page-range-preview-details-remove button { appearance: none; font-size: 2em; border: none; background: 0px 0px; color: rgb(0, 106, 148); }
.page-range-preview-details-remove button:hover { color: rgb(0, 143, 199); }
.page-range-preview-details-question-count { font-size: 0.9em; font-weight: 400; }
.pretty-score.high-score { border-color: rgb(5, 117, 32); }
.pretty-score.medium-score { border-color: rgb(214, 125, 0); }
.pretty-score.low-score { border-color: rgb(168, 11, 9); }
.pretty-score.no-score { border-color: rgb(118, 118, 118); }
.pretty-score-value { display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center; border-radius: 50%; border-style: solid; color: rgb(59, 59, 59); font-weight: 900; border-color: inherit; border-width: 0.15em; height: 2.25em; width: 2.25em; }
.pretty-score-label { padding-top: 0.5rem; }
.question-edit__answer-option { margin: 2em 0px; }
.question-edit__input-line { align-items: flex-end; display: flex; }
.question-edit__wysiwyg-input__hide { flex: 1 1 0%; margin-right: 0.5em; min-width: 1%; }
.question-edit__wysiwyg-input__hide .fr-toolbar { display: none; }
.question-edit__wysiwyg-input__hide .fr-element { border-top: 5px solid; border-radius: 2px; min-height: 2em !important; }
.question-edit__wysiwyg-input__show { flex: 1 1 0%; margin-right: 0.5em; min-width: 1%; }
.question-edit__wysiwyg-input__show .fr-element { min-height: 2em !important; }
.question-edit__validation-label { align-self: center; color: red; flex-grow: 1; }
.question-edit-form .rs-tooltip::after { overflow: hidden; width: 0px; }
.question-edit-form .rs-tooltip:focus::after, .question-edit-form .rs-tooltip:hover::after { overflow: unset; width: unset; }
.fr-popup { z-index: 100 !important; }
.fr-placeholder::after { content: ” “; }
.question-formatting-toggle.rs-box-link svg path, .rs-box-link:active.question-formatting-toggle svg path, .rs-box-link:focus.question-formatting-toggle svg path, .rs-box-link:hover.question-formatting-toggle svg path, .rs-button.question-formatting-toggle svg path, .rs-button:active.question-formatting-toggle svg path, .rs-button:focus.question-formatting-toggle svg path, .rs-button:hover.question-formatting-toggle svg path { fill: none; }
.question-notification { background: rgb(255, 243, 224); border-radius: 0.375rem; border: 1px solid rgb(246, 178, 66); padding: 0.75rem; }
.question-notification-main { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; }
.question-notification-main-note { font-weight: 600; margin-right: 1rem; cursor: pointer; }
.question-notification-main-icon { padding: 0px; }
.question-notification-content-text { padding: 0.5rem 0px; }
.question-notification-action { margin-top: 1ch; }
.question-preview { display: flex; align-items: center; margin: 0.25rem 0px; }
.question-preview-icon { margin-right: 0.625rem; }
.question-preview-icon > .response-status-icon { width: 1.375rem; height: 1.375rem; }
.question-preview-text { color: rgb(59, 59, 59); flex: 1 1 0%; min-width: 0px; }
.question-text { font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75rem; color: rgb(59, 59, 59); }
.question-text i { font-style: italic; }
.question-text b { font-weight: 700; }
.questions-by-ncx { margin-bottom: 0.875rem; }
.questions-by-ncx-questions-count { font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-weight: 700; }
.citation-text i, .definition-details-header-part-of-speech, .membership-info-options-inactive, .rs-text-editor-froala em, .search-results-item-link .rs-es-h, .section-document-title, .sidebar-links-version-number, .toc-page-range-preview-details, .user-authored-html em { font-style: italic; }
.questions-by-ncx .course-material-main-create-button-wrapper { margin-bottom: 0px; }
.questions-by-ncx .rs-collapsible-item-content { margin-top: 0.875rem; }
.questions-by-ncx-wrapper { display: grid; gap: 1.2rem; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(42ch, 1fr)); }
.questions-by-ncx-wrapper + .questions-by-ncx { margin-top: 1.75rem; }
.questions-by-ncx-question-card { position: relative; }
.questions-by-ncx-question-card .rs-card-title-memo > .rs-box-link, .questions-by-ncx-question-card .rs-card-title-memo > .rs-button { margin-right: 0px; }
.questions-by-ncx-question-card .rs-card-content { max-height: 360px; overflow: auto; }
.question-newly-added { color: rgb(214, 125, 0); fill: rgb(214, 125, 0); }
.question-newly-added .bell-icon { position: relative; top: 0.2em; }
.questions-by-ncx__question-stats-modal .rs-modal-content > .rs-card > .rs-card-title { padding-bottom: 0px; }
.questions-by-ncx__question-stats-modal .rs-modal-content > .rs-card > .rs-card-title.divider { border: none; margin-bottom: 0px; }
.questions-by-ncx__question-stats-modal .rs-modal-content { max-width: inherit; width: 1017px; }
.rail-question, .rail-question-editor { transition: top 0.3s ease 0s, right 0.3s ease 0s, height 0.3s ease 0s, width 0.3s ease 0s, background 0.3s ease 0s, border-radius 0.3s ease 0s; pointer-events: initial; display: block; z-index: initial; }
.rail-question-button, .rail-question-editor-button { border: none; }
.rail-question-button, .rail-question-button > svg, .rail-question-editor-button, .rail-question-editor-button > svg { width: 100%; min-width: 100%; height: 100%; line-height: 100%; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 100px; }
.rail-question-button-publisher, .rail-question-editor-button-publisher { fill: rgba(89, 89, 89, 0.86); }
.rail-question-button-professor, .rail-question-editor-button-professor { fill: rgb(5, 117, 32); }
.rail-question-button:focus, .rail-question-editor-button:focus { outline: -webkit-focus-ring-color auto 5px; }
.rail-question-button > .response-status-icon, .rail-question-editor-button > .response-status-icon { height: 100%; width: 100%; }
.rail-question-button:hover > .response-status-icon.correct > svg, .rail-question-editor-button:hover > .response-status-icon.correct > svg { fill: rgb(40, 136, 63); }
.rail-question-button:hover > .response-status-icon.incorrect > svg, .rail-question-editor-button:hover > .response-status-icon.incorrect > svg { fill: rgb(180, 45, 43); }
.rail-question-button:hover > .response-status-icon.unsubmitted > svg, .rail-question-editor-button:hover > .response-status-icon.unsubmitted > svg { fill: rgb(246, 178, 66); }
.rail-question-button:hover > .response-status-icon.submitted-without-answer > svg, .rail-question-editor-button:hover > .response-status-icon.submitted-without-answer > svg { fill: rgb(178, 178, 178); }
.rail-question-editor-modal-dismiss, .rail-question-modal-dismiss { display: flex; justify-content: flex-end; }
.rail-question-editor-modal .modal-content, .rail-question-modal .modal-content { overflow-y: auto; }
.rail-question-modal .rs-modal-content { max-width: 90vw; width: 100ch; }
.reading-assignment-creation-summary-card-content { display: flex; flex-grow: 1; padding: 1.25rem; align-items: center; }
.reading-assignment-creation-summary-card-content-image > img { border-radius: 50%; height: 4rem; width: 4rem; }
.reading-assignment-creation-summary-card-content-info { display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; padding-left: 1.25rem; }
.reading-assignment-creation-summary-card-content-info-book-title { font-weight: 700; line-height: 1.75rem; }
.reading-assignment-creation-summary-card-content-info .date-row { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; }
.reading-assignment-list-entry:not(:last-child) { border-bottom: 0px; }
.reading-assignment-list-entry-link { color: initial; text-decoration: none; width: 100%; }
.reading-assignment-list-entry-error { border: none; padding-top: 0.25rem; font-size: 0.9rem; line-height: 1rem; }
.reading-assignment-page-ranges-summary .rs-table-body-cell { white-space: normal; }
.reading-assignment-page-ranges-summary .rs-table-cell svg { width: 1.5rem; height: 1.5rem; }
.reading-assignment-page-ranges-summary .rs-table-cell .rs-icon-link { display: inline-flex; margin-right: 1rem; line-height: 1rem; }
.reading-assignment-preview-card { display: flex; flex-direction: column; line-height: 1.75rem; }
.reading-assignment-preview-card-intro { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; }
.reading-assignment-preview-card-intro-deadline { flex-shrink: 0; min-width: 15ch; text-align: right; }
.reading-assignment-preview-card-details { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; }
.reading-assignment-preview-card-details-time-left { flex-shrink: 0; font-weight: 700; }
.reading-assignment-preview-card-details-completed-label { color: rgb(59, 59, 59); position: relative; top: -1em; }
.reading-assignment-preview-card-details-completed-label::before { content: “•”; color: rgb(40, 136, 63); margin-right: 0.3ch; font-size: 1.5em; vertical-align: -0.1ex; }
.response-detail { display: block; }
.response-detail-heading { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; margin-bottom: 0.875rem; }
.response-detail-heading-icon, .response-detail-heading-icon > svg { width: 1.25rem; min-width: 1.25rem; height: 1.25rem; line-height: 1.75rem; }
.response-detail-heading-icon.rs-unsubmitted-icon svg { fill: rgb(214, 125, 0); }
.response-detail-heading-icon.rs-submitted-without-answer-icon svg { fill: rgb(118, 118, 118); }
.response-detail-heading-icon.rs-correct-icon svg { fill: rgb(5, 117, 32); }
.response-detail-heading-icon.rs-incorrect-icon svg { fill: rgb(168, 11, 9); }
.response-detail-heading-text { font-size: 1.5625rem; font-weight: 600; color: rgb(59, 59, 59); text-indent: 0.5625rem; line-height: 1.75rem; }
.response-detail-page-number { text-align: center; font-size: 1.3rem; font-weight: 600; color: rgb(59, 59, 59); margin-bottom: 0.875rem; }
.response-detail-location { font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75rem; }
.response-detail-answer-and-response, .response-detail-submission { margin-top: 1.5rem; }
.response-detail-submission-warning { font-size: 0.9rem; line-height: 1.75rem; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0.4rem; white-space: nowrap; }
.response-detail-submission-buttons { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; text-align: right; flex-flow: row-reverse; margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.response-detail-submission-buttons > button { width: 100%; margin: 0px; }
.response-detail-answer-feedback-heading, .response-detail-question__label { font-weight: 700; }
.response-detail-loading { display: block; min-height: 10rem; }
.response-detail-loading > .loading-content { margin-top: 0px; }
.response-status-icon > svg { width: 100%; height: 100%; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); }
.response-status-icon.correct > svg, .response-status-icon.created-by-professor > svg { fill: rgb(5, 117, 32); }
.response-status-icon.correct.interactive:hover > svg, .response-status-icon.created-by-professor.interactive:hover > svg { fill: rgb(40, 136, 63); }
.response-status-icon.incorrect > svg { fill: rgb(168, 11, 9); }
.response-status-icon.incorrect.interactive:hover > svg { fill: rgb(180, 45, 43); }
.response-status-icon.unsubmitted > svg { fill: rgb(214, 125, 0); }
.response-status-icon.unsubmitted.interactive:hover > svg { fill: rgb(246, 178, 66); }
.response-status-icon.created-by-publisher > svg, .response-status-icon.submitted-without-answer > svg { fill: rgb(118, 118, 118); }
.response-status-icon.created-by-publisher.interactive:hover > svg, .response-status-icon.submitted-without-answer.interactive:hover > svg { fill: rgb(178, 178, 178); }
.rs-table-body-cell-progress-bar-content { display: flex; }
.rs-table-body-cell-progress-bar-content .rs-progress-bar { padding-left: 0.5rem; display: flex; align-items: center; width: 4.75rem; }
.rs-table-body-cell-response-status .response-status-icon { width: 1rem; }
.section-document { display: flex; flex-direction: row; align-items: center; transition: box-shadow 0.2s ease 0s; text-decoration: none; padding: 1em; border: 1px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.section-document-link { display: block; text-decoration: none; }
.section-document-link:focus, .section-document-link:hover { border-radius: 5px; box-shadow: rgb(204, 204, 204) 0px 0px 8px 0px; }
.section-document-thumbnail { flex: 0 0 5.5em; height: 5.5em; width: 5.5em; border-radius: 50%; background-position: center center; background-size: cover; border: 1px solid rgb(118, 118, 118); margin-right: 1em; }
.section-document-title { font-size: 1.1em; line-height: 0.8em; font-weight: 600; color: rgb(78, 70, 68); padding-left: 0.1em; }
.section-document-relation { text-transform: uppercase; color: rgb(119, 107, 104); }
.section-header { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; height: 3em; background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0px; padding: 0px 4vw; }
@media (min-width: 1441px) {
.section-header { margin: 0px auto; width: 1440px; }
}
.section-header-title { margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 1.4em; }
.question-stats .question-info > p, .select-section-material { margin-bottom: 1em; }
.section-header-link { text-decoration: none; color: inherit; }
.section-header-menu-toggle { font-size: 1.8em; }
.sections-table.rs-table .rs-table-header-row .rs-table-header-cell { white-space: nowrap; }
.sections-table.rs-table .rs-table-header-row .rs-table-header-cell svg { max-width: 0.8rem; display: inline-block; visibility: hidden; }
.sections-table.rs-table .rs-table-header-row .rs-table-cell.active svg { visibility: visible; }
.sections-table.rs-table .rs-table-header-cell:hover { cursor: pointer; }
.select-section-material-header { font-weight: 700; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border-width: 1px 1px 0px; background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252); padding: 0.75em 1.25em; }
.select-section-material-docs { border: 1px solid rgb(234, 234, 234); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); padding: 2em; display: flex; flex-direction: column; justify-content: space-between; }
.single-question-detail-owner-label { background: gray; clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 100% 0px, calc(100% – 1.5em) 100%, 1.5em 100%); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); height: 1.5em; left: 50%; line-height: 1.3em; padding: 0px 2em; position: absolute; top: 0px; transform: translateX(-50%); }
.single-question-detail-owner-label[data-author-type=”publisher”] { background: rgba(89, 89, 89, 0.86); }
.single-question-detail-owner-label[data-author-type=”instructor”] { background: rgb(5, 117, 32); }
.single-question-detail-header { margin-bottom: 0.25rem; }
.single-question-detail-answer-options { display: flex; flex-direction: column; }
.single-question-detail-answer-options-item { display: flex; align-items: center; padding-right: 1.5rem; }
.single-question-detail-answer-options-item .answer-option { margin-bottom: 0.25rem; min-width: 1%; flex: 1 1 0%; }
.single-question-detail-answer-options-item-decorator { width: 1.5rem; text-align: center; flex-shrink: 0; }
.single-question-detail-answer-options-item-decorator svg { width: 1rem; height: 1rem; fill: rgb(5, 117, 32); }
.single-question-detail .answer-feedback { margin: 1.5rem 0px; }
.single-question-detail .answer-feedback__content { border: 1px solid rgb(59, 59, 59); border-radius: 0.375rem; margin: 1rem 1.5rem; padding: 0.5rem 1.125rem; }
.student-reading-assignments-header { font-family: “Source Sans Pro”, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1.5625rem; line-height: 1.75rem; font-weight: 400; margin-bottom: 0.25rem; }
.submission-summary-card-details-average-subheading, .submission-summary-card-intro-score-subheading { font-weight: 700; }
.student-reading-assignments-list { list-style: none; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; }
.student-reading-assignments-list:not(:last-of-type) { margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.student-reading-assignments-list .reading-assignment-list-entry:not(:last-of-type) { margin-bottom: 0.5rem; }
.student-reading-assignments-no-content-message { display: flex; text-align: center; align-items: center; justify-content: center; width: 100%; padding: 3rem 1rem; margin-bottom: 0.5rem; border: 1px solid rgb(118, 118, 118); }
.submission-summary-card { display: flex; flex-direction: column; line-height: 1.75rem; }
.submission-summary-card-intro { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; }
.submission-summary-card-intro-score { flex-shrink: 0; }
.submission-summary-card-details { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; }
.submission-summary-card-details-average { flex-shrink: 0; }
ul.section-list { list-style: disc; padding: 1rem 0px 1rem 2rem; }
.ta-table { overflow-x: visible; }
.ta-table .rs-table-body .rs-table-cell:last-child { padding-right: 0.5rem; text-align: right; }
.classroom-action-menu__icon .rs-navbar-dropdown-trigger:focus, .classroom-action-menu__icon .rs-navbar-dropdown-trigger:hover { border-bottom: none; outline: 0px; }
.classroom-action-menu__icon .rs-navbar-dropdown-container .rs-box-link, .classroom-action-menu__icon .rs-navbar-dropdown-container .rs-button { width: 100%; border: none; text-align: left; }
.classroom-action-menu__icon .rs-navbar-dropdown-group-item > .rs-box-link:focus, .classroom-action-menu__icon .rs-navbar-dropdown-group-item > .rs-box-link:hover, .classroom-action-menu__icon .rs-navbar-dropdown-group-item > .rs-button:focus, .classroom-action-menu__icon .rs-navbar-dropdown-group-item > .rs-button:hover { background-color: rgb(237, 237, 237); color: rgb(33, 33, 33); text-decoration: none; outline: 0px; box-shadow: none; }
.rs-table-row.rs-table-body-row:last-child .rs-navbar-dropdown-container, .rs-table-row.rs-table-body-row:nth-last-child(2) .rs-navbar-dropdown-container { top: unset; bottom: 2.625rem; }
.rs-table-row.rs-table-body-row:first-child .rs-navbar-dropdown-container { top: 2.625rem; bottom: unset; }
.toc-page-range-preview { padding: 0.25em 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(37, 33, 32); }
.toc-page-range-preview-details { font-size: 0.8em; color: rgb(78, 70, 68); }
.toc-questions-selection { font-size: 1rem; border: 1px solid rgb(118, 118, 118); }
.toc-questions-selection > .selectable-chapter { padding: 0.875rem 1rem; }
.toc-questions-selection > .selectable-chapter > .selectable-chapter { padding: 0.875rem 0px 0px; }
.toc-questions-selection > .selectable-chapter:not(:last-of-type) { border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(118, 118, 118); }
.toc-questions-selection .selectable-chapter-wrapper { display: flex; align-items: center; }
.toc-questions-selection .selectable-chapter-details { display: flex; align-items: center; width: 100%; justify-content: space-between; }
.toc-questions-selection .selectable-chapter-details-question-count { padding: 0px 1rem; width: 12em; text-align: right; font-weight: 600; }
.toc-questions-selection .selectable-chapter-details-toggle-children { width: 2rem; }
.toc-questions-selection .selectable-chapter-details-toggle-children button { display: flex; text-align: center; background: 0px 0px; border: none; }
.toc-questions-selection .selectable-chapter-details-toggle-children button.is-expanded { transform: rotate(90deg); }
.toc-questions-selection-no-content { padding: 1rem; }
.question-stats { display: grid; grid-template: “heading heading” auto “summary answers” auto “info answers” 1fr / 13em 1fr; gap: 1em; color: rgb(57, 69, 81); background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249); padding: 0px 0.5em 1em; }
.question-stats .question-heading { grid-area: heading / heading / heading / heading; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); padding: 0px 1.5em; margin: 0px -0.5em; }
.question-stats .question-info, .question-stats .question-summary { border: 1px solid rgb(237, 237, 237); padding: 1.5em 0.5em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.question-stats .question-answers { grid-area: answers / answers / answers / answers; }
.question-stats .question-summary { grid-area: summary / summary / summary / summary; border-radius: 0.25em; display: flex; flex-direction: column; justify-content: flex-start; align-items: center; }
.question-stats .question-info { grid-area: info / info / info / info; }
.question-stats.question-stats–no-responses { grid-template: “heading heading” auto “logo message” 20em / 2fr 3fr; }
.question-stats .empty-message { grid-area: message / message / message / message; }
.question-stats .question-heading .question-heading__context { font-weight: 500; font-size: 0.875em; text-transform: uppercase; }
.question-stats .question-heading .question-heading__prompt { font-weight: 500; font-size: 2.375em; line-height: 1.25; }
.question-stats .question-summary .response-status-icon { width: 1.75em; height: 1.75em; }
.question-stats .question-summary .question-summary__pct { font-size: 3.75em; line-height: 1.25; font-weight: 700; color: rgb(78, 95, 111); }
.question-stats .question-summary .question-summary__pct-text { text-transform: uppercase; font-size: 0.875em; line-height: 1.5; font-weight: 500; color: rgb(57, 69, 81); }
.question-stats .question-summary .question-summary__total { text-transform: lowercase; font-size: 0.875em; line-height: 1.5; color: rgb(99, 121, 141); }
.question-stats .question-info { border-radius: 0.25em; font-size: 1em; }
.question-stats .question-info > p strong { font-weight: 700; }
.question-stats .question-answers { border: 1px solid rgb(237, 237, 237); border-radius: 0.25em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); padding: 0.5em; }
.question-stats .question-answers .question-answers__heading { font-size: 1.5em; line-height: 2; font-weight: 500; color: rgb(77, 92, 106); }
.question-stats .question-answers .answer-breakdown { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1.5em 1fr 3.5em 2fr; grid-auto-rows: 3.5em; gap: 1.5em 0.5em; }
.question-stats .question-answers .answer-breakdown > * { min-height: 3.5em; }
.question-stats .question-answers .answer-breakdown__text { overflow-y: hidden; }
.question-stats .question-answers .answer-breakdown__label { text-align: center; font-weight: 700; }
.question-stats .question-answers .answer-breakdown__chart .answer-breakdown__chart__bar { width: 100%; height: 3.5em; background-color: rgb(235, 245, 255); border-radius: 0.25em; }
.question-stats .question-answers .answer-breakdown__chart .answer-breakdown__chart__bar .answer-breakdown__chart__bar__filler { border-top-left-radius: 0.25em; border-bottom-left-radius: 0.25em; height: 100%; background-color: rgb(78, 95, 111); }
.question-stats .question-answers .answer-breakdown__chart .answer-breakdown__chart__bar–correct .answer-breakdown__chart__bar__filler { background-color: rgb(66, 164, 255); }
.question-stats .question-answers .answer-breakdown__pct .answer-breakdown__pct__tick { width: 100%; height: 3.5em; border: 1px solid rgb(237, 237, 237); border-radius: 0.25em; display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: center; justify-content: space-around; }
.question-stats .question-answers .answer-breakdown__pct .answer-breakdown__pct__tick > .response-status-icon { width: 1.25em; height: 1.25em; }
.question-stats .empty-logo { grid-area: logo / logo / logo / logo; display: block; margin: auto; }
.question-stats .empty-logo svg { width: 10.25em; height: 10.25em; }
.question-stats .empty-message { display: flex; flex-direction: column; justify-content: center; padding: 1em 3em 1em 1em; }
.question-stats .empty-message .empty-message__text { font-weight: 100; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.25; padding-bottom: 0.5em; }
.question-stats .empty-message .empty-message__note { line-height: 1.25; font-size: 1em; }
.question-stats .empty-message .empty-message__note strong { font-weight: 700; }
@keyframes spin-icon-animation {
0% { transform: rotate(359deg); }
100% { transform: rotate(0deg); }
}
.activity-log ol.activity-log__list > li { display: flex; flex-direction: row; align-items: center; padding: 0.25em 0px; }
.activity-log ol.activity-log__list > li .activity-log__icon > svg { width: 1.2em; fill: rgb(118, 118, 118); }
.activity-log ol.activity-log__list > li .activity-log__icon–working > svg { animation: 1.5s linear 0s infinite normal none running spin-icon-animation; }
.activity-log ol.activity-log__list > li .activity-log__icon–success > svg { fill: rgb(5, 117, 32); }
.activity-log ol.activity-log__list > li .activity-log__message { padding-left: 1em; }
.question-importer { padding: 0px; }
.question-importer .question-importer-workspace { min-height: 19rem; }
.question-importer .question-importer-button-bar { margin-top: 1rem; border-top: 1px solid rgb(178, 178, 178); display: flex; flex-direction: row; justify-content: flex-end; padding: 1rem 0px; }
.question-importer .question-importer-file-info { border-radius: 0.25rem; border: 2px solid rgb(178, 178, 178); background: rgb(251, 251, 251); color: rgb(59, 59, 59); display: flex; justify-content: space-between; padding: 1rem; font-weight: 700; margin-top: 2rem; }
.ember-burger-menu.bm–open-door > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu::after, .ember-burger-menu.bm–open-door > .bm-outlet > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu::after, .ember-burger-menu.bm–push-rotate > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu::after, .ember-burger-menu.bm–push-rotate > .bm-outlet > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu::after, .ember-burger-menu.bm–reveal > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu::after, .ember-burger-menu.bm–reveal > .bm-outlet > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu::after, .ember-burger-menu.bm–rotate-out > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu::after, .ember-burger-menu.bm–rotate-out > .bm-outlet > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu::after, .ember-burger-menu.bm–scale-rotate > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu::after, .ember-burger-menu.bm–scale-rotate > .bm-outlet > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu::after, .ember-burger-menu.is-open::after, .question-importer .rs-file-upload .rs-file-upload-nothing-selected { display: none; }
.question-importer .question-importer-info-message { border-radius: 0.25rem; border: 2px solid rgb(178, 178, 178); background: rgb(251, 251, 251); color: rgb(59, 59, 59); padding: 0.25rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; }
.question-importer .question-importer-error-table { max-height: 15rem; }
.question-importer .rs-file-upload .rs-file-upload-controls { width: 100%; }
.question-importer .rs-file-upload .rs-file-upload-drag-area { border-color: rgb(178, 178, 178); }
.question-importer .rs-file-upload .rs-file-upload-drag-area-icon svg { fill: rgb(118, 118, 118); }
.question-importer .rs-file-upload .rs-file-upload-label { visibility: hidden; }
.create-assignment-content { width: 100%; margin: 0px auto; padding: 0px 3.75rem 3.75rem; }
.create-assignment-steps { padding: 2rem; margin: 0px auto; }
.reading-assignment-creation-summary { padding-bottom: 2.5rem; margin: 0px auto; }
@media (min-width: 1024px) {
.reading-assignment-creation-summary { width: 80%; }
}
.assignment-editor-before-transition-modal__warning { padding-bottom: 10px; }
.create-assignment-start-doc { display: flex; flex-flow: row wrap; padding-bottom: 2rem; }
.create-assignment-start-doc-item { flex: 1 1 0%; }
.create-assignment-start-doc-item input { position: absolute; }
.create-assignment-start-doc-item label { display: inline-block; margin: 0px; }
.create-assignment-start-card h2 { font-family: “Source Sans Pro”, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1.5625rem; line-height: 1.75rem; font-weight: 400; padding-bottom: 2rem; }
.create-assignment-start-card-row { display: flex; padding-bottom: 2rem; }
.create-assignment-start-card-row-item { flex: 1 1 0%; padding: 0px 1rem; }
.create-assignment-start-card-row-item-subtext { font-family: “Source Sans Pro”, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.8rem; line-height: 1.25rem; font-weight: 400; }
.create-assignment-questions-card-content-details-title, .create-assignment-reading .create-assignment-label, .create-assignment-review-card h2 { font-size: 1.5625rem; line-height: 1.75rem; font-weight: 400; font-family: “Source Sans Pro”, Arial, sans-serif; }
.create-assignment-start-card-row-item:first-child { padding-left: 0px; }
.create-assignment-start-card-row-item:last-child { padding-right: 0px; }
.create-assignment-start-date-time-pair { display: flex; }
.create-assignment-start-date-time-pair > :first-child { padding-right: 0.5rem; }
.create-assignment-reading .rs-segmented-control .rs-radio-group { margin: 0px auto; }
.create-assignment-reading .assignment-page-range-selector-wrapper { max-width: 30rem; margin: 0px auto; padding-bottom: 1.5em; }
.create-assignment-reading .create-assignment-reading-chapter-selector { margin: 0px 3em 3em; max-height: 40vh; overflow: auto; }
.create-assignment-reading .create-assignment-label { margin: 0px 0px 1.5rem; padding-top: 2rem; text-align: center; }
.create-assignment-reading-modal .rs-modal-content { padding: 0px; }
.create-assignment-reading-summary { margin-top: 3em; }
.create-assignment-questions-navigation { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: flex-end; }
.create-assignment-questions-card { margin-bottom: 1.5rem; }
.create-assignment-questions-card-content { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; }
.create-assignment-questions-card-content-details-title { margin-bottom: 0.75rem; }
.create-assignment-questions-card-content-details-options { width: 15rem; }
.create-assignment-questions-card-content-details-toggle { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; padding-bottom: 0.25rem; }
.create-assignment-questions-list { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; margin: 0px auto; justify-content: space-between; }
.create-assignment-questions-list::after { content: “”; width: 32%; }
.create-assignment-questions-list-no-results { width: 100%; padding: 2rem; text-align: center; }
.create-assignment-questions-list .rs-card { margin-bottom: 1rem; width: 32%; max-width: 24rem; }
@media (max-width: 1024px) {
.create-assignment-questions-list .rs-card { width: 48%; }
}
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.create-assignment-questions-list { justify-content: space-around; }
.create-assignment-questions-list .rs-card { width: 80%; }
}
@media (max-width: 480px) {
.create-assignment-questions-list .rs-card { width: 100%; }
}
.create-assignment-questions-list .rs-card-content { max-height: 360px; overflow-y: auto; }
.create-assignment-questions-list-question-card { position: relative; }
.create-assignment-questions-list-question-card.unchecked, .create-assignment-questions-list-question-card.unchecked .answer-option, .create-assignment-questions-list-question-card.unchecked .answer-option-label-marker, .create-assignment-questions-list-question-card.unchecked .answer-option-label-text, .create-assignment-questions-list-question-card.unchecked .question-text, .create-assignment-questions-list-question-card.unchecked svg { fill: rgb(118, 118, 118); color: rgb(118, 118, 118); border-color: rgb(118, 118, 118); }
.create-assignment-review-card .reading-assignment-creation-summary, .create-assignment-review-card h2 { padding-bottom: 2rem; }
.create-assignment-review-modal .rs-modal-content { padding: 0px; }
.create-assignment-review-modal__warning, .create-assignment-review-modal__warning > p { padding-bottom: 0.3125rem; }
.create-assignment-review-modal__warning > p strong { font-weight: 700; }
.create-assignment-review-modal__error { padding-top: 0.3125rem; padding-bottom: 0.3125rem; color: rgb(169, 68, 66); }
.ta-modal-info__normal { font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5rem; font-weight: 400; }
.ta-modal-info__small { font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.2rem; font-weight: 400; }
.error { color: rgb(194, 1, 20); }
.classroom-bulk-question-upload-modal .rs-modal-content { max-width: 50rem; width: 50rem; }
ul li::before { content: “”; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); height: 1px; width: 1px; overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; }
.svg-icon { fill: rgb(59, 59, 59); stroke-width: 0; }
.svg-icon:hover { fill: rgb(33, 33, 33); }
.ember-burger-menu { position: relative; height: 100%; overflow: hidden; }
.ember-burger-menu > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu, .ember-burger-menu > .bm-outlet > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu { position: absolute; top: 0px; z-index: 100; visibility: hidden; height: 100%; transition: all 0.4s ease 0s; }
.ember-burger-menu[class*=”bm-item-“] > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu .bm-menu-item, .ember-burger-menu[class*=”bm-item-“] > .bm-outlet > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu .bm-menu-item { transition: all 0s ease 0.4s; }
.ember-burger-menu > .bm-outlet { position: relative; z-index: 99; height: 100%; perspective: 1000px; transition: transform 0.4s ease 0s, margin 0.4s ease 0s; }
.ember-burger-menu > .bm-outlet > .bm-content { position: relative; height: 100%; width: 100%; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow: auto; }
.ember-burger-menu.translucent-overlay > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu::after, .ember-burger-menu.translucent-overlay > .bm-outlet > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu::after { position: absolute; top: 0px; right: 0px; width: 100%; height: 100%; background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2); content: “”; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 0.4s ease 0s; }
.ember-burger-menu.translucent-overlay > .bm-outlet::after { position: absolute; top: 0px; right: 0px; width: 0px; height: 0px; background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2); content: “”; opacity: 0; z-index: 100; transition: opacity 0.4s ease 0s, width 0.1s ease 0.4s, height 0.1s ease 0.4s; }
.ember-burger-menu.translucent-overlay.is-open > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu::after, .ember-burger-menu.translucent-overlay.is-open > .bm-outlet > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu::after { width: 0px; height: 0px; opacity: 0; transition: opacity 0.4s ease 0s, width 0.1s ease 0.4s, height 0.1s ease 0.4s; }
.ember-burger-menu.translucent-overlay.is-open > .bm-outlet::after { width: 100%; height: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 0.4s ease 0s; }
.ember-burger-menu.is-open > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu, .ember-burger-menu.is-open > .bm-outlet > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu { visibility: visible; transition: transform 0.4s ease 0s; }
.ember-burger-menu.is-open > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu .bm-menu-item, .ember-burger-menu.is-open > .bm-outlet > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu .bm-menu-item { transition-delay: 0s; }
.ember-burger-menu.left > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu, .ember-burger-menu.left > .bm-outlet, .ember-burger-menu.left > .bm-outlet > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu { left: 0px; right: initial; }
.ember-burger-menu.right > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu, .ember-burger-menu.right > .bm-outlet, .ember-burger-menu.right > .bm-outlet > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu { right: 0px; left: initial; }
.ember-burger-menu.bm–rotate-out { perspective: 1500px; perspective-origin: 0px 50%; }
.ember-burger-menu.bm–rotate-out > .bm-outlet { transform-style: preserve-3d; }
.ember-burger-menu.bm–rotate-out > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu, .ember-burger-menu.bm–rotate-out > .bm-outlet > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu { transform: translate3d(-100%, 0px, 0px) rotateY(90deg); transform-origin: 100% 50%; transform-style: preserve-3d; }
.ember-burger-menu.bm–rotate-out.right > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu, .ember-burger-menu.bm–rotate-out.right > .bm-outlet > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu { transform: translate3d(100%, 0px, 0px) rotateY(-120deg); transform-origin: 0px 50%; }
.ember-burger-menu.bm–rotate-out.is-open > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu, .ember-burger-menu.bm–rotate-out.is-open > .bm-outlet > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu { transform: translate3d(-100%, 0px, 0px) rotateY(0deg); }
.ember-burger-menu.bm–rotate-out.is-open.right > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu, .ember-burger-menu.bm–rotate-out.is-open.right > .bm-outlet > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu { transform: translate3d(100%, 0px, 0px) rotateY(0deg); }
.ember-burger-menu.bm–fall-down { perspective: 1500px; perspective-origin: 0px 50%; }
.ember-burger-menu.bm–fall-down > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu, .ember-burger-menu.bm–fall-down > .bm-outlet > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu { z-index: 1; opacity: 1; transform: translate3d(0px, -100%, 0px); }
.ember-burger-menu.bm–fall-down.is-open > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu, .ember-burger-menu.bm–fall-down.is-open > .bm-outlet > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu { transition: transform 0.4s ease-in-out 0s; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); }
.ember-burger-menu.bm–open-door { perspective: 1500px; }
.ember-burger-menu.bm–open-door > .bm-outlet { transform-origin: 100% 50%; transform-style: preserve-3d; }
.ember-burger-menu.bm–open-door > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu, .ember-burger-menu.bm–open-door > .bm-outlet > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu { opacity: 1; transform: translate3d(-100%, 0px, 0px); }
.ember-burger-menu.bm–open-door.right > .bm-outlet { transform-origin: 0px 50%; }
.ember-burger-menu.bm–open-door.right > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu, .ember-burger-menu.bm–open-door.right > .bm-outlet > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu { transform: translate3d(100%, 0px, 0px); }
.ember-burger-menu.bm–open-door.is-open > .bm-outlet { transform: rotateY(-10deg); }
.ember-burger-menu.bm–open-door.is-open > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu, .ember-burger-menu.bm–open-door.is-open > .bm-outlet > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu { transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); }
.ember-burger-menu.bm–open-door.is-open.right > .bm-outlet { transform: rotateY(10deg); }
.ember-burger-menu.bm–push > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu, .ember-burger-menu.bm–push > .bm-outlet > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu { transform: translate3d(-100%, 0px, 0px); }
.ember-burger-menu.bm–push.right > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu, .ember-burger-menu.bm–push.right > .bm-outlet > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu { transform: translate3d(100%, 0px, 0px); }
.ember-burger-menu.bm–push-rotate { perspective: 1500px; }
.ember-burger-menu.bm–push-rotate > .bm-outlet { transform-origin: 0px 50%; transform-style: preserve-3d; }
.ember-burger-menu.bm–push-rotate > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu, .ember-burger-menu.bm–push-rotate > .bm-outlet > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu { transform: translate3d(-100%, 0px, 0px); }
.ember-burger-menu.bm–push-rotate.right > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu, .ember-burger-menu.bm–push-rotate.right > .bm-outlet > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu { transform: translate3d(100%, 0px, 0px); }
.ember-burger-menu.bm–push-rotate.is-open > .bm-outlet { pointer-events: none; }
.ember-burger-menu.bm–push-rotate.is-open > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu, .ember-burger-menu.bm–push-rotate.is-open > .bm-outlet > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu { transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); }
.ember-burger-menu.bm–reveal > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu, .ember-burger-menu.bm–reveal > .bm-outlet > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu { z-index: 1; }
.ember-burger-menu.bm–scale-down { perspective: 1500px; }
.ember-burger-menu.bm–scale-down > .bm-outlet { transform-style: preserve-3d; }
.ember-burger-menu.bm–scale-down > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu, .ember-burger-menu.bm–scale-down > .bm-outlet > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu { opacity: 1; transform: translate3d(-100%, 0px, 0px); }
.ember-burger-menu.bm–scale-down.right > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu, .ember-burger-menu.bm–scale-down.right > .bm-outlet > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu { transform: translate3d(100%, 0px, 0px); }
.ember-burger-menu.bm–scale-down.is-open > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu, .ember-burger-menu.bm–scale-down.is-open > .bm-outlet > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu { transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); }
.ember-burger-menu.bm–scale-rotate { perspective: 1500px; }
.ember-burger-menu.bm–scale-rotate > .bm-outlet { transform-style: preserve-3d; }
.ember-burger-menu.bm–scale-rotate > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu, .ember-burger-menu.bm–scale-rotate > .bm-outlet > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu { opacity: 1; transform: translate3d(-100%, 0px, 0px); }
.ember-burger-menu.bm–scale-rotate.right > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu, .ember-burger-menu.bm–scale-rotate.right > .bm-outlet > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu { transform: translate3d(100%, 0px, 0px); }
.ember-burger-menu.bm–scale-rotate.is-open > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu, .ember-burger-menu.bm–scale-rotate.is-open > .bm-outlet > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu { transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); }
.ember-burger-menu.bm–scale-up { perspective: 1500px; perspective-origin: 0px 50%; }
.ember-burger-menu.bm–scale-up > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu, .ember-burger-menu.bm–scale-up > .bm-outlet > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu { z-index: 1; opacity: 1; }
.ember-burger-menu.bm–scale-up.is-open > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu, .ember-burger-menu.bm–scale-up.is-open > .bm-outlet > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu { transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); }
.ember-burger-menu.bm–slide-reverse > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu, .ember-burger-menu.bm–slide-reverse > .bm-outlet > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu { z-index: 1; transform: translate3d(50%, 0px, 0px); }
.ember-burger-menu.bm–slide-reverse.right > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu, .ember-burger-menu.bm–slide-reverse.right > .bm-outlet > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu { transform: translate3d(-50%, 0px, 0px); }
.ember-burger-menu.bm–slide-reverse.is-open > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu, .ember-burger-menu.bm–slide-reverse.is-open > .bm-outlet > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu { transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); }
.ember-burger-menu.bm–slide > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu, .ember-burger-menu.bm–slide > .bm-outlet > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu { transform: translate3d(-100%, 0px, 0px); }
.ember-burger-menu.bm–slide.right > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu, .ember-burger-menu.bm–slide.right > .bm-outlet > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu { transform: translate3d(100%, 0px, 0px); }
.ember-burger-menu.bm–slide.is-open > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu, .ember-burger-menu.bm–slide.is-open > .bm-outlet > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu { transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); }
.ember-burger-menu.bm–squeeze > .bm-outlet { margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; width: auto; box-sizing: border-box; }
.ember-burger-menu.bm–squeeze > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu, .ember-burger-menu.bm–squeeze > .bm-outlet > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu { transform: translate3d(-100%, 0px, 0px); }
.ember-burger-menu.bm–squeeze.right > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu, .ember-burger-menu.bm–squeeze.right > .bm-outlet > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu { transform: translate3d(100%, 0px, 0px); }
.ember-burger-menu.bm-item–push.is-open > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu .bm-menu-item, .ember-burger-menu.bm-item–push.is-open > .bm-outlet > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu .bm-menu-item, .ember-burger-menu.bm-item–stack.is-open > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu .bm-menu-item, .ember-burger-menu.bm-item–stack.is-open > .bm-outlet > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu .bm-menu-item { transition: transform 0.54s cubic-bezier(0.7, 0, 0.3, 1) 0s; }
.ember-basic-dropdown { position: relative; }
.ember-basic-dropdown, .ember-basic-dropdown-content, .ember-basic-dropdown-content * { box-sizing: border-box; }
.ember-basic-dropdown-content { position: absolute; width: auto; z-index: 1000; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.ember-basic-dropdown-content–left { left: 0px; }
.ember-basic-dropdown-content–right { right: 0px; }
.ember-basic-dropdown-overlay { position: fixed; background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5); width: 100%; height: 100%; z-index: 10; top: 0px; left: 0px; pointer-events: none; }
.ember-basic-dropdown-content-wormhole-origin { display: inline; }
.ember-power-select-dropdown * { box-sizing: border-box; }
.ember-power-select-trigger { position: relative; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-radius: 4px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.75; overflow-x: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; min-height: 1.75em; user-select: none; color: inherit; }
.ember-power-select-trigger::after { content: “”; display: table; clear: both; }
.ember-power-select-trigger–active, .ember-power-select-trigger:focus { border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); box-shadow: none; }
.ember-basic-dropdown-trigger–below.ember-power-select-trigger[aria-expanded=”true”], .ember-basic-dropdown-trigger–in-place.ember-power-select-trigger[aria-expanded=”true”] { border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; }
.ember-basic-dropdown-trigger–above.ember-power-select-trigger[aria-expanded=”true”] { border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; }
.ember-power-select-placeholder { color: rgb(153, 153, 153); display: block; overflow-x: hidden; white-space: nowrap; text-overflow: ellipsis; }
.ember-power-select-status-icon { position: absolute; display: inline-block; width: 0px; height: 0px; top: 0px; bottom: 0px; margin: auto; border-style: solid; border-width: 7px 4px 0px; border-color: rgb(170, 170, 170) transparent transparent; right: 5px; }
.ember-basic-dropdown-trigger[aria-expanded=”true”] .ember-power-select-status-icon { transform: rotate(180deg); }
.ember-power-select-clear-btn { position: absolute; cursor: pointer; right: 25px; }
.ember-power-select-trigger-multiple-input { font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; border: none; display: inline-block; line-height: inherit; appearance: none; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; float: left; background-color: transparent; text-indent: 2px; }
.ember-power-select-trigger-multiple-input:disabled { background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); }
.ember-power-select-trigger-multiple-input::placeholder { opacity: 1; color: rgb(153, 153, 153); }
.ember-power-select-trigger-multiple-input::-webkit-input-placeholder { opacity: 1; color: rgb(153, 153, 153); }
.ember-power-select-multiple-options { padding: 0px; margin: 0px; }
.ember-power-select-multiple-option { border: 1px solid gray; border-radius: 4px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgb(228, 228, 228); padding: 0px 4px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.45; float: left; margin: 2px 0px 2px 3px; }
.ember-power-select-multiple-remove-btn { cursor: pointer; }
.ember-power-select-multiple-remove-btn:not(:hover) { opacity: 0.5; }
.ember-power-select-search { padding: 4px; }
.ember-power-select-search-input { border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-radius: 0px; width: 100%; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; padding: 0px 5px; }
.ember-power-select-search-input:focus { border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); box-shadow: none; }
.ember-power-select-dropdown { border-left: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.75; border-radius: 4px; box-shadow: none; overflow: hidden; color: inherit; }
.ember-power-select-dropdown.ember-basic-dropdown-content–above { border-top: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom: none; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; }
.ember-power-select-dropdown.ember-basic-dropdown-content–below, .ember-power-select-dropdown.ember-basic-dropdown-content–in-place { border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; }
.ember-power-select-dropdown.ember-basic-dropdown-content–in-place { width: 100%; }
.ember-power-select-options { list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: none; }
.ember-power-select-options[role=”listbox”] { overflow-y: auto; max-height: 12.25em; }
.ember-power-select-option { cursor: pointer; padding: 0px 8px; }
.ember-power-select-group[aria-disabled=”true”] { color: rgb(153, 153, 153); cursor: not-allowed; }
.ember-power-select-group[aria-disabled=”true”] .ember-power-select-option, .ember-power-select-option[aria-disabled=”true”] { color: rgb(153, 153, 153); pointer-events: none; cursor: not-allowed; }
.ember-power-select-option[aria-selected=”true”] { background-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); }
.ember-power-select-option[aria-current=”true”] { background-color: rgb(88, 151, 251); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.ember-power-select-group-name { cursor: default; font-weight: 700; }
.ember-power-select-trigger[aria-disabled=”true”] { background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); }
.ember-power-select-trigger { padding: 0px 16px 0px 0px; }
.ember-power-select-placeholder, .ember-power-select-selected-item { margin-left: 8px; }
.ember-power-select-group .ember-power-select-group .ember-power-select-group-name { padding-left: 24px; }
.ember-power-select-group .ember-power-select-group .ember-power-select-option { padding-left: 40px; }
.ember-power-select-group .ember-power-select-option { padding-left: 24px; }
.ember-power-select-group .ember-power-select-group-name { padding-left: 8px; }
.ember-power-select-trigger[dir=”rtl”] { padding: 0px 0px 0px 16px; }
.ember-power-select-trigger[dir=”rtl”] .ember-power-select-placeholder, .ember-power-select-trigger[dir=”rtl”] .ember-power-select-selected-item { margin-right: 8px; }
.ember-power-select-trigger[dir=”rtl”] .ember-power-select-multiple-option, .ember-power-select-trigger[dir=”rtl”] .ember-power-select-trigger-multiple-input { float: right; }
.ember-power-select-trigger[dir=”rtl”] .ember-power-select-status-icon { left: 5px; right: initial; }
.ember-power-select-trigger[dir=”rtl”] .ember-power-select-clear-btn { left: 25px; right: initial; }
.ember-power-select-dropdown[dir=”rtl”] .ember-power-select-group .ember-power-select-group .ember-power-select-group-name { padding-right: 24px; }
.ember-power-select-dropdown[dir=”rtl”] .ember-power-select-group .ember-power-select-group .ember-power-select-option { padding-right: 40px; }
.ember-power-select-dropdown[dir=”rtl”] .ember-power-select-group .ember-power-select-option { padding-right: 24px; }
.ember-power-select-dropdown[dir=”rtl”] .ember-power-select-group .ember-power-select-group-name { padding-right: 8px; }
.bm-menu .sidebar-menu-back:focus { box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 0px 0px 0.175rem 0.175rem; outline: 0px; }
.bm-menu .sidebar-menu-header { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; padding: 0.875rem; background: rgb(2, 55, 125); font-size: 1.375rem; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-shadow: rgb(92, 82, 80) 0px 0px 3px; z-index: 100; font-weight: 300; }
.bm-menu .sidebar-menu-header svg { display: flex; height: 1rem; width: 1rem; }
.bm-menu .sidebar-menu-header svg * { stroke: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.bm-menu .sidebar-menu-header-button { appearance: none; display: flex; }
.bm-menu .sidebar-menu-header-button-close { appearance: none; background: 0px 0px; border: none; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; display: flex; }
.bm-menu .sidebar-menu-header-button-close:focus { box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 0px 0px 0.175rem 0.175rem; outline: 0px; }
.bm-menu .sidebar-menu-header-button a.active { visibility: hidden; }
.bm-menu .sidebar-menu-header-button .svg-icon { fill: rgb(255, 255, 255); stroke-width: 0; }
.bm-menu .sidebar-menu-header-button .svg-icon:hover { fill: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.bm-menu .sidebar-menu-header-title:focus { box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 0px 0px 0.175rem 0.175rem; outline: 0px; }
.bm-menu .sidebar-lost-connection { background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); height: auto; font-size: 1.1em; margin: 1em 1em 0px; padding: 0.75em; border: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); border-radius: 3px; }
.bm-menu .sidebar-live-wrap { width: 100%; height: 100%; display: flex; flex-direction: column; }
.rs-bm-menu { height: 100%; display: flex; flex-direction: column; overflow: auto; }
#ember-testing, body, html { height: 100%; width: 100%; font-family: “Source Sans Pro”, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background: rgb(211, 211, 211); line-height: initial; }
#ember-testing > .ember-view, body > .ember-view, html > .ember-view { height: 100%; width: 100%; display: flex; flex-direction: column; }
#ember-testing > .ember-view .ember-burger-menu > .bm-outlet, body > .ember-view .ember-burger-menu > .bm-outlet, html > .ember-view .ember-burger-menu > .bm-outlet { perspective: initial; }
#ember-testing > .ember-view .ember-burger-menu > .bm-outlet .bm-content, body > .ember-view .ember-burger-menu > .bm-outlet .bm-content, html > .ember-view .ember-burger-menu > .bm-outlet .bm-content { display: flex; }
#ember-testing > .ember-view .ember-burger-menu > .bm-outlet .bm-menu, body > .ember-view .ember-burger-menu > .bm-outlet .bm-menu, html > .ember-view .ember-burger-menu > .bm-outlet .bm-menu { display: flex; flex-direction: column; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-shadow: rgb(156, 156, 156) 0px 0px 3px; z-index: 400; }
#ember-testing > .ember-view .ember-burger-menu > .bm-outlet .bm-menu .left-sidebar-content, body > .ember-view .ember-burger-menu > .bm-outlet .bm-menu .left-sidebar-content, html > .ember-view .ember-burger-menu > .bm-outlet .bm-menu .left-sidebar-content { flex: 1 1 0%; overflow-y: auto; }
#ember-testing > .ember-view .ember-burger-menu > .bm-outlet .bm-menu .left-sidebar-content:focus, body > .ember-view .ember-burger-menu > .bm-outlet .bm-menu .left-sidebar-content:focus, html > .ember-view .ember-burger-menu > .bm-outlet .bm-menu .left-sidebar-content:focus { outline: 0px; }
#ember-testing > .ember-view .ember-burger-menu > .bm-outlet .bm-menu .left-sidebar-content .description-submenu, body > .ember-view .ember-burger-menu > .bm-outlet .bm-menu .left-sidebar-content .description-submenu, html > .ember-view .ember-burger-menu > .bm-outlet .bm-menu .left-sidebar-content .description-submenu { padding: 0.75em 1.2em; background: rgb(250, 250, 250); border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(196, 196, 196); border-top: 1px solid rgb(196, 196, 196); display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; margin-bottom: 0.5rem; }
.sidebar-view > :first-child { height: 100%; }
button, td, th { font-family: “Source Sans Pro”, Arial, sans-serif; }
.study-outlet-content { background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); height: 100%; width: 100%; z-index: 300; position: absolute; }
.study-outlet-content ~ * { visibility: hidden; }
@media print {
body:not(.is-printing)::after { content: “Printing via the main menu is disabled.” !important; position: fixed !important; z-index: 501 !important; background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; top: 0px !important; left: 0px !important; width: 100% !important; height: 100% !important; font-size: 2em !important; text-align: center !important; padding-top: 2em !important; }
}
body .buorg { font-size: 12px; font-family: “Source Sans Pro”, Arial, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(196, 196, 196); }
#buorgul { color: rgb(234, 234, 234); background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148) !important; }
#buorgig { color: rgb(0, 106, 148); background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234) !important; }
.activity-monitor { display: flex; flex-direction: column; }
.activity-monitor-header { background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); font-size: 2.5em; font-weight: 200; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); padding: 0.75em 0.5em; }
.activity-monitor-text { overflow-y: auto; text-align: center; padding: 0.5em; }
.activity-monitor-label { font-weight: 600; }
.activity-monitor-options-button { box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.2rem; border: none; padding: 0.5em; background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 3px; text-decoration: none; text-align: center; margin-top: 2em; width: 100%; }
.activity-monitor-options-button:focus, .activity-monitor-options-button:hover { background: rgb(0, 143, 199); cursor: pointer; }
.activity-monitor-options-button::after, .activity-monitor-options-button::before { box-sizing: border-box; }
.activity-monitor-options-button[disabled] { background: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(196, 196, 196); color: rgb(78, 70, 68); cursor: not-allowed; }
.citation { display: flex; flex-direction: column; width: 20em; border: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); }
.citation-heading { background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); padding: 0.75em; text-align: center; }
.citation-text, .flashcard-list-no-content-text { background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); height: auto; border: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); }
.citation-body { padding: 0.5em; }
.citation-body .rs-radio-control { width: 100%; }
.citation-label { display: flex; font-size: 0.9em; padding: 0.25em; }
.citation-text { user-select: text; max-height: 6em; font-size: 1em; padding: 0.25em; border-radius: 3px; overflow: auto; word-break: break-word; }
.citation-text > span { display: inline; }
.citation-disclaimer { display: flex; font-size: 0.9em; padding: 0.25em; }
.citation-buttons-cancel, .citation-buttons-copy { padding: 0.5em; font-size: 1rem; text-align: center; line-height: 1.2rem; text-decoration: none; box-sizing: border-box; }
.citation-buttons { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; margin-top: 1em; }
.citation-buttons-copy { border: none; background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 3px; }
.citation-buttons-copy:focus, .citation-buttons-copy:hover { background: rgb(0, 143, 199); cursor: pointer; }
.citation-buttons-copy::after, .citation-buttons-copy::before { box-sizing: border-box; }
.citation-buttons-copy[disabled] { background: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(196, 196, 196); color: rgb(78, 70, 68); cursor: not-allowed; }
.citation-buttons-cancel { transition: color 0.1s ease 0s, background 0.1s ease 0s, border-color 0.1s ease 0s; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 106, 148); background-color: transparent; color: rgb(0, 106, 148); display: block; border-radius: 3px; }
.flashcard .flipper .back, .flashcard .flipper .front { backface-visibility: hidden; transition: transform 0.4s ease-in-out 0s; top: 0px; left: 0px; }
.citation-buttons-cancel:focus, .citation-buttons-cancel:hover { background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); cursor: pointer; }
.preview-content-unavailable { display: flex; flex-direction: column; }
.preview-content-unavailable-header { background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); font-size: 2.5em; font-weight: 200; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); padding: 0.75em 0.5em; }
.preview-content-unavailable-text { overflow-y: auto; text-align: center; padding: 0.5em; }
.preview-content-unavailable-label { font-weight: 600; }
.preview-content-unavailable-options-button { box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.2rem; border: none; padding: 0.5em; background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 3px; text-decoration: none; text-align: center; margin-top: 2em; width: 100%; }
.preview-content-unavailable-options-button:focus, .preview-content-unavailable-options-button:hover { background: rgb(0, 143, 199); cursor: pointer; }
.preview-content-unavailable-options-button::after, .preview-content-unavailable-options-button::before { box-sizing: border-box; }
.preview-content-unavailable-options-button[disabled] { background: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(196, 196, 196); color: rgb(78, 70, 68); cursor: not-allowed; }
.flashcard-list-no-content-heading { color: rgb(64, 58, 56); padding: 1.5em 1em; font-size: 1.2em; font-weight: 600; }
.flashcard-list-no-content-text { font-size: 1.1em; margin: 0px 1em; padding: 0.75em; border-radius: 3px; }
.flashcard { position: relative; width: 100%; height: 12em; margin: 1em auto; list-style: none; padding: 0px 1em; }
@media (min-width: 1601px) {
.flashcard { height: 16em; }
}
@media (min-width: 769px) and (max-width: 1023px) {
.flashcard { height: 8em; }
}
.flashcard.is-editing-flashcard { height: auto; }
.flashcard:focus { outline: 0px; }
.flashcard:focus .back, .flashcard:focus .front { outline: rgb(94, 158, 214) solid 3px; }
.flashcard .flipper { width: 100%; height: 100%; position: relative; perspective: 1000px; }
.flashcard .flipper .back, .flashcard .flipper .front { display: flex; flex-direction: row-reverse; width: 100%; height: 100%; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 1px solid rgb(234, 234, 234); box-shadow: rgb(234, 234, 234) 0px 0px 1em; }
.flashcard .flipper .back { cursor: pointer; float: none; position: absolute; z-index: 800; transform-style: preserve-3d; transform: rotateX(-180deg); }
.flashcard .flipper .back .flashcard-menu { visibility: hidden; }
.flashcard .flipper .front { user-select: none; float: none; position: absolute; z-index: 900; transform-style: preserve-3d; cursor: pointer; transform: rotateX(0deg); }
.flashcard .flipper.is-flipped .front { z-index: 900; transform: rotateX(180deg); }
.flashcard .flipper.is-flipped .front .flashcard-menu, .flashcard .flipper.is-flipped .front .flashcard-menu-more { visibility: hidden; }
.flashcard .flipper.is-flipped .back { z-index: 1000; transform: rotateX(0deg); }
.flashcard .flipper.is-flipped .back .flashcard-menu { visibility: visible; }
.flashcard-menu { display: flex; flex-direction: column; justify-content: space-between; border-right: 1px solid rgb(180, 172, 170); padding: 10px 6px; width: 40px; }
.flashcard-menu .svg-icon > * { stroke: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.flashcard-menu-more { display: flex; flex-direction: row; justify-content: space-between; position: absolute; bottom: 0px; left: 40px; height: 40px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); z-index: 1; }
.flashcard-menu-more .flashcard-button { margin: 0px 10px; }
.flashcard-button { display: flex; justify-content: center; font-size: 24px; margin-bottom: 5px; color: rgb(78, 70, 68); padding: 0px; border: none; background: 0px 0px; }
.flashcard-button.flip { font-size: 1em; width: 10px; height: 0px; overflow: hidden; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); margin: 0px; }
.flashcard-button.flip:focus, .flashcard-button.flip:hover { width: auto; height: auto; margin: 0px auto; }
.flashcard-button.in-book { display: none; }
.flashcard-button:last-child { margin-bottom: 0px; }
.flashcard-button .svg-icon { height: 1.75rem; }
.flashcard-body { overflow: auto; padding: 10px; width: 100%; height: 100%; color: rgb(78, 70, 68); font-weight: 400; }
.flashcard-body.short-description, .flashcard-body.short-term { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; }
.confidence { display: flex; flex-direction: column; }
.confidence-button { display: flex; width: 24px; height: 24px; border-radius: 50%; margin: 0px auto 5px; padding: 0px; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); }
.confidence-button > svg { height: 0.75em; stroke-width: 4; }
.confidence-button.low { border: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); background-color: rgb(194, 1, 20); }
.confidence-button.medium { border: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); background-color: rgb(226, 132, 19); }
.confidence-button.high { border: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); background-color: rgb(93, 129, 77); }
.flashcard-dashboard { display: flex; flex-direction: column; }
.flashcard-dashboard-options { padding: 0.5rem; border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); }
.flashcard-dashboard-options-inner { display: flex; }
.flashcard-dashboard-options-inner > * { flex: 1 1 0%; }
.flashcard-dashboard-options input[type=”radio”] { clip: rect(0px, 0px, 0px, 0px); opacity: 0; position: absolute; }
.flashcard-dashboard-options input[type=”radio”]:checked + label { background: rgb(37, 33, 32); border-color: rgb(37, 33, 32); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.flashcard-dashboard-options input[type=”radio”]:focus + label { z-index: 1; outline: rgb(94, 158, 214) solid 3px; }
.flashcard-dashboard-options input[type=”radio”]:active:not(:checked) + label { background: rgb(250, 250, 250); text-decoration: underline; }
.flashcard-dashboard-options-label { text-align: center; color: rgb(37, 33, 32); border-color: rgb(37, 33, 32); border-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; cursor: pointer; padding: 0.25em 0px; }
.annotation-search, .header-deck-only, .study-dashboard-options { border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(196, 196, 196); }
.flashcard-dashboard-options-label:first-of-type { border-left-width: 1px; border-radius: 3px 0px 0px 3px; }
.flashcard-dashboard-options-label:last-of-type { border-radius: 0px 3px 3px 0px; }
.flashcard-dashboard-options-label:focus { outline: rgba(3, 102, 180, 0.7) solid 3px; }
.header-deck-only { padding: 0.75em 1.2em; background: rgb(247, 247, 247); border-top: 1px solid rgb(196, 196, 196); display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; }
.dashboard-selections { width: 90%; margin: 1em auto; }
.dashboard-selections .selection-group-label { padding-left: 0.5em; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); margin-bottom: 0.25em; display: block; }
.dashboard-group-selections { height: auto; max-height: calc(100% – 17em); margin: 0px auto; overflow-y: auto; position: relative; border: 1px solid rgb(234, 236, 239); }
.dashboard-group-selections .flashcard-dashboard-multiselect { height: 100%; }
.dashboard-group-selections .flashcard-dashboard-multiselect .dashboard-btn-group.rs-select-all-group { position: absolute; width: 100%; z-index: 1; top: 0px; }
.dashboard-group-selections .flashcard-dashboard-multiselect .dashboard-btn-group.rs-multiselect-options { height: 100%; overflow-y: auto; margin-top: 3em; border: none; }
.dashboard-btn-group { width: 100%; font-size: 80%; margin: 0px auto; border: 1px solid rgb(234, 236, 239); }
.dashboard-btn-group.inline-btn-group { display: table; border-top: none; border-bottom: none; }
.dashboard-btn-group.inline-btn-group .dashboard-btn { width: 80%; text-align: center; display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle; line-height: 1; background: 0px 0px; }
.dashboard-btn-group.inline-btn-group .dashboard-btn.show-more { width: 15%; margin-left: 5%; font-size: 1.5em; line-height: 1; padding: 0.15em; }
.dashboard-btn-group.inline-btn-group#back-btn { border-top: none; border-right: none; border-left: none; border-image: initial; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(234, 239, 236); background: rgb(68, 68, 68); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 20px; }
.dashboard-btn-group.inline-btn-group#back-btn .dashboard-btn { padding: 4px 0px; display: table; text-align: center; width: 100%; }
.dashboard-btn-group.inline-btn-group#back-btn .dashboard-btn .study-back-btn { width: 50%; display: table-cell; }
.dashboard-btn-group.inline-btn-group#back-btn .dashboard-btn:hover { background: rgb(153, 153, 153); }
.dashboard-btn-group#start-btn .dashboard-btn { text-align: center; font-size: 1.2em; border-bottom: none; padding: 1em 0px; }
.dashboard-btn-group#start-btn .dashboard-btn:hover { background: rgb(250, 252, 254); }
.dashboard-btn-group#start-btn .dashboard-btn:hover .item-text { text-decoration: underline; }
.dashboard-btn-group#start-btn .dashboard-btn #selected-item-count { display: table; width: 100%; }
.dashboard-btn-group#start-btn .dashboard-btn #selected-item-count > span { width: 80%; display: inline; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; }
.dashboard-btn-group#start-btn .dashboard-btn #selected-item-count > span.go-icon { width: 20%; }
.dashboard-btn-group .dashboard-btn { position: relative; width: 100%; padding: 0.5em 0px; text-align: left; background: rgb(253, 254, 255); border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(246, 248, 250); font-size: 1.2em; transition: background 0.3s ease 0s; }
.dashboard-btn-group .dashboard-btn:first-of-type { border-top: none; }
.dashboard-btn-group .dashboard-btn:last-of-type { border-bottom: none; }
.dashboard-btn-group .dashboard-btninput { background: rgb(255, 255, 255); padding: 8px; }
.dashboard-btn-group .dashboard-btninput:hover { background: inherit; }
.dashboard-btn-group .dashboard-btn .btn-label { text-align: left; max-width: 85%; padding-left: 1em; transition: width 0.2s ease 0s; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; }
.dashboard-btn-group .dashboard-btn .selected-icon { position: absolute; top: 0px; right: 0.25em; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1em; }
.dashboard-btn-group .dashboard-btn .label-text { display: block; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: middle; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; }
.dashboard-btn-group .dashboard-btn.is-selected { background: rgba(181, 212, 242, 0.9); }
.dashboard-btn-group .dashboard-btn.is-selected .btn-label { max-width: 78%; }
.dashboard-btn-group .dashboard-btn:hover { background: rgb(143, 192, 239); }
.dashboard-btn-group .dashboard-btn:hover.disabled { background: inherit; }
.dashboard-btn-group .dashboard-btn.center-content { text-align: center; }
.dashboard-option-group { width: 90%; margin: 1em auto; }
.dashboard-option-group-header { font-weight: 700; margin-bottom: 0.25em; }
.dashboard-option-group-header:focus { box-shadow: rgba(3, 102, 180, 0.9) 0px 0px 0.175rem 0.175rem; outline: 0px; }
.dashboard-option-group-options { border: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.25); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.dashboard-option-group-button { font-size: 1em; display: block; width: 100%; border-top: none; border-right: none; border-left: none; border-image: initial; border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.25); padding: 0.25em; line-height: 2em; background-color: transparent; }
.dashboard-option-group-button.is-selected { background-color: rgba(0, 106, 148, 0.2); }
.dashboard-option-group-button:last-child { border-bottom: none; }
.dashboard-option-group > label { display: block; }
.dashboard-nothing-selected { border: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.25); text-align: center; padding: 0.5em; }
.more-options-group { padding-top: 1em; padding-bottom: 1em; border-top: 1px solid rgb(224, 228, 232); border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(224, 228, 232); }
.more-options-group input, .more-options-group label { cursor: pointer; }
.more-options-group .dashboard-btn-group .dashboard-btn { font-size: 1em; }
.flashcard-start-button, .study-guide-start-button { box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.2rem; border: none; padding: 0.5em; background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 3px; text-decoration: none; text-align: center; width: 100%; display: block; margin: 0px auto; }
.flashcard-start-button:focus, .flashcard-start-button:hover, .study-guide-start-button:focus, .study-guide-start-button:hover { background: rgb(0, 143, 199); cursor: pointer; }
.flashcard-start-button::after, .flashcard-start-button::before, .study-guide-start-button::after, .study-guide-start-button::before { box-sizing: border-box; }
.flashcard-start-button[disabled], .study-guide-start-button[disabled] { background: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(196, 196, 196); color: rgb(78, 70, 68); cursor: not-allowed; }
.flashcard-editor { display: flex; flex-direction: column; width: 320px; border: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
@media (max-width: 480px) {
.flashcard-editor { height: 100%; width: auto; }
}
.flashcard-editor.is-editing { width: auto; }
.flashcard-editor-header { background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); padding: 0.5em; text-align: center; }
.flashcard-editor-form { padding: 0.5em; }
@media (max-width: 479px) {
.flashcard-editor-form { display: flex; flex: 1 1 0%; flex-direction: column; justify-content: space-between; }
}
.flashcard-editor-form-label { display: block; margin-bottom: 0.2em; }
.flashcard-editor-form-section { margin-bottom: 0.5em; }
.flashcard-editor-form-section.ember-power-select-trigger { padding: 0px; margin: 0px; }
.flashcard-editor-form-term { height: 4em; padding: 0.5em; background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); border: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); border-radius: 3px; overflow: auto; user-select: none; }
@media (max-width: 480px) {
.flashcard-editor-form-term { height: 6em; }
}
.flashcard-editor-form-description { height: 4em; padding: 0.5em; border: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); border-radius: 3px; overflow: auto; }
.flashcard-editor-form-textarea { font-size: 1em; width: 100%; height: 4em; border-radius: 3px; border: 1px solid rgb(78, 70, 68); padding: 0.3em; }
@media (max-width: 480px) {
.flashcard-editor-form-textarea { height: 6em; }
}
.flashcard-editor-controls { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; margin-top: 1em; }
.flashcard-editor-cancel-button, .flashcard-editor-save-button { width: 48%; }
.flashcard-editor-saving { padding: 1em; text-align: center; }
.flashcard-editor-cancel-button, .flashcard-editor-save-button { box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.2rem; padding: 0.5em; text-decoration: none; text-align: center; }
.flashcard-editor-placeholder { color: rgb(92, 82, 80); }
.flashcard-editor-save-button { border: none; background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 3px; }
.flashcard-editor-save-button:focus, .flashcard-editor-save-button:hover { background: rgb(0, 143, 199); cursor: pointer; }
.flashcard-editor-save-button::after, .flashcard-editor-save-button::before { box-sizing: border-box; }
.flashcard-editor-save-button[disabled] { background: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(196, 196, 196); color: rgb(78, 70, 68); cursor: not-allowed; }
.flashcard-editor-cancel-button { transition: color 0.1s ease 0s, background 0.1s ease 0s, border-color 0.1s ease 0s; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 106, 148); background-color: transparent; color: rgb(0, 106, 148); display: block; border-radius: 3px; }
.flashcard-editor-cancel-button:focus, .flashcard-editor-cancel-button:hover { background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); cursor: pointer; }
.flashcard-player { display: flex; flex-direction: row; justify-content: center; align-items: center; }
.flashcard-player-button { border: none; background-color: transparent; z-index: 100; }
.flashcard-player-button > svg { height: 3em; width: 3em; }
.flashcard-player-button > svg circle { fill: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.flashcard-player-content { width: 80%; }
.flashcard-player-progress { margin: 0px auto; font-size: 1.5em; text-align: center; }
.flashcard-player .flashcard { font-size: 2em; width: 100%; max-width: 26em; padding: 0px 3em; }
.flashcard-player .flashcard .front .flashcard-menu { display: none; padding: 0px; }
.flashcard-player .flashcard .back, .flashcard-player .flashcard .front { box-shadow: rgb(196, 196, 196) 0px 0px 0.25em; border: 1px solid rgb(196, 196, 196); }
.flashcard-player .flashcard .back { display: flex; flex-direction: column; }
.flashcard-player .flashcard .back .flashcard-menu { width: 100%; flex-direction: row; border-right: none; border-top: 1px solid rgb(180, 172, 170); }
.flashcard-player .flashcard .back .flashcard-menu .confidence { flex-direction: row; }
.flashcard-player .flashcard .confidence-button { margin: 0px 5px 0px 0px; display: flex; }
.annotation-list-ncx-entry { background: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.annotation-list-ncx-entry-label { padding: 0.5em 1em; font-size: 0.9em; background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); color: rgb(64, 58, 56); border-width: 1px 0px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border-image: initial; }
.annotation-list-ncx-entry-label.no-parent { padding: 0.75em 1em; font-weight: 600; }
.annotation-list-ncx-entry-items { padding: 0.5em 1em; }
.annotation-item { margin: 0.5em 0px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-shadow: rgb(247, 247, 247) 0px 0px 3px; }
.annotation-list-no-content-heading { color: rgb(64, 58, 56); padding: 1.5em 1em; font-size: 1.2em; font-weight: 600; }
.annotation-list-no-content-text { background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); height: auto; font-size: 1.1em; margin: 0px 1em; padding: 0.75em; border: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); border-radius: 3px; }
.annotation-list-no-results { display: block; background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); height: auto; font-size: 1.1em; line-height: 1.1em; margin: 1em; padding: 0.75em; border: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); border-radius: 3px; }
.annotation-list.study-outlet-content { padding: 1em; overflow-y: auto; position: absolute; background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); }
.annotation-list.study-outlet-content .annotation-list-no-content-heading { color: rgb(64, 58, 56); padding: 1.5em 1em; font-size: 1.2em; font-weight: 600; }
.annotation-list.study-outlet-content .annotation-list-no-content-text { display: none; }
.annotation-list.study-outlet-content .ncx-entry-with-list { margin-bottom: 1em; box-shadow: rgb(234, 234, 234) 0px 0px 1em; }
.annotation-list.study-outlet-content .ncx-entry-with-list-label { background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250); border-width: 1px; padding: 0.5em; font-size: 1.75em; font-weight: 600; }
.annotation-list.study-outlet-content .ncx-entry-with-list-items { border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border-image: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.annotation-label { font-size: 0.7em; font-weight: 800; }
.annotation-item { border-width: 1px 1px 1px 5px; border-style: solid; border-top-color: rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); border-right-color: rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); border-bottom-color: rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); border-image: initial; border-left-color: initial; }
.annotation-item.light-orange, .annotation-item.red { border-left-color: rgb(224, 25, 63); }
.annotation-item.green, .annotation-item.light-green { border-left-color: rgb(76, 191, 8); }
.annotation-item.light-yellow, .annotation-item.yellow { border-left-color: rgb(255, 186, 8); }
.annotation-item.blue, .annotation-item.light-blue { border-left-color: rgb(0, 117, 188); }
.annotation-snippet { padding: 0.5em; font-weight: 400; }
.annotation-snippet > p { user-select: none; height: auto; max-height: 6em; overflow-y: auto; margin: 0.25em 0px; }
.annotation-snippet > p:focus { box-shadow: rgba(3, 102, 180, 0.9) 0px 0px 0.175rem 0.175rem; outline: 0px; }
.annotation-comment { border-top: 1px dashed rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); padding: 0.5em; font-weight: 500; }
.annotation-nav { display: flex; padding: 0.45em 0.5em; justify-content: flex-end; border-top: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); }
.annotation-nav-page-label { padding: 0px 0.5em; font-weight: 600; font-size: 0.8em; }
.annotation-nav button { display: flex; align-items: center; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(78, 70, 68); border: none; background-color: transparent; }
.annotation-nav button:hover { text-decoration: underline; }
.annotation-nav .svg-icon { width: 1.5em; height: 1.5em; }
.annotation-nav .svg-icon g { stroke: rgb(118, 118, 118); }
.annotation-container-no-content-heading { color: rgb(64, 58, 56); padding: 1.5em 1em; font-size: 1.2em; font-weight: 600; }
.annotation-container-no-content-text { background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); height: auto; font-size: 1.1em; margin: 0px 1em; padding: 0.75em; border: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); border-radius: 3px; }
.annotation-details { padding: 0.5em; border-left: 4px solid; transition: border-left-color 0.3s ease 0s; display: flex; flex-direction: column; justify-content: space-between; }
.annotation-details-button-close { width: 100%; font-size: 0.875rem; }
.annotation-details button:disabled { cursor: not-allowed; }
.annotation-details.light-yellow, .annotation-details.yellow { border-left-color: rgb(255, 186, 8); }
.annotation-details.light-orange, .annotation-details.red { border-left-color: rgb(224, 25, 63); }
.annotation-details.blue, .annotation-details.light-blue { border-left-color: rgb(0, 117, 188); }
.annotation-details.green, .annotation-details.light-green { border-left-color: rgb(76, 191, 8); }
.annotation-details-actions { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; margin: 0.75em 0px 0.5em; }
.annotation-details-actions button { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; flex-direction: column; margin: 0px 0.25rem; background: 0px 0px; border: none; color: rgb(78, 70, 68); }
.annotation-details-actions button .svg-icon { align-self: center; height: 3em; }
.annotation-details-actions button span { margin-top: 0.25em; display: inline-block; }
.annotation-details-actions button:hover { text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(37, 33, 32); }
.annotation-details-actions button.preview { color: rgb(128, 128, 133); }
.annotation-details-actions button.preview svg { fill: rgb(128, 128, 133); }
.annotation-details-actions div.screen-reader-only { display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: center; }
.annotation-details-color-options { display: flex; justify-content: space-around; padding: 0.5em 1.5em 0px; }
.annotation-details-color-options button { width: 2.5em; height: 2.5em; border-radius: 50%; border-width: 2px; border-style: solid; appearance: none; transition: border-color 0.3s ease 0s; display: flex; flex-direction: column; justify-content: center; align-items: center; }
.annotation-details-color-options button > svg { stroke-width: 3.5; width: 1em; }
.annotation-details-color-options button > svg > * { stroke: rgb(78, 70, 68); }
.annotation-details-color-options button:not(:first-of-type) { margin-left: 2em; }
.annotation-details-color-options-yellow { background: rgba(255, 186, 8, 0.2); border-color: rgb(255, 186, 8); }
.annotation-details-color-options-red { background: rgba(224, 25, 63, 0.2); border-color: rgb(224, 25, 63); }
.annotation-details-color-options-green { background: rgba(76, 191, 8, 0.2); border-color: rgb(76, 191, 8); }
.annotation-details-color-options-blue { background: rgba(0, 117, 188, 0.2); border-color: rgb(0, 117, 188); }
.annotation-details-converted-pdf, .annotation-details-shared { background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); height: auto; max-width: 18rem; margin: 0px auto 0.5em; font-size: 0.9em; padding: 0.25em 0.5em; }
.annotation-details-shared { border: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); border-radius: 3px; width: 16rem; }
.annotation-details-converted-pdf { border: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); border-radius: 3px; width: 18rem; }
.annotation-details-converted-pdf-message { font-size: 0.9em; margin: 0.25em 0px; }
.annotation-details-converted-pdf-comment { padding-top: 0.25em; border-top: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); max-height: 6em; overflow: auto; }
.annotation-details-definition { border-top: 1px solid rgb(118, 118, 118); padding-top: 0.5rem; margin-bottom: 0.5rem; font-size: 0.875rem; width: 16rem; }
.annotation-details-definition .definition-details { margin-bottom: 0.5rem; }
.annotation-details-definition-flashcard .rs-box-link, .annotation-details-definition-flashcard .rs-button { width: 100%; font-size: inherit; }
.annotation-details-definition-loading { text-align: center; padding: 1rem 2rem; }
.annotation-search { padding: 0.5em; width: 100%; border-top: 1px solid rgb(196, 196, 196); justify-content: space-between; }
.annotation-search-input-label { font-size: 0.8em; margin-bottom: 0.25em; padding-left: 0.1em; font-weight: 600; display: block; color: rgb(78, 70, 68); }
.annotation-search button, .page-input .page-input-button { color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration: none; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.2rem; }
.annotation-search-input-field { width: 100%; font-size: 1.25em; padding: 0.1em 0.25em; border: 1px solid rgb(196, 196, 196); border-radius: 3px; appearance: none; }
.annotation-search-wrap { display: flex; flex-direction: row; }
.annotation-search button { margin-left: 0.25em; font-size: 1rem; border: none; padding: 0.5em; background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; }
.annotation-search button:focus, .annotation-search button:hover { background: rgb(0, 143, 199); cursor: pointer; }
.annotation-search button::after, .annotation-search button::before { box-sizing: border-box; }
.annotation-search button[disabled] { background: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(196, 196, 196); color: rgb(78, 70, 68); cursor: not-allowed; }
.definition-details-header { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0.25rem; }
.definition-details-header-snippet { margin-right: 0.5rem; font-weight: 600; }
.manifest-content { flex: 1 1 0%; position: relative; background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); overflow: hidden auto; text-align: center; }
#selectedAssignmentsTable, .manifest-content.is-selecting-cpl-with-touch-events { overflow-y: hidden; }
.manifest-content.ios-twelve-compatibility { }
.manifest-content.is-selecting-cpl-with-touch-events .manifest-iframe { overflow: hidden; }
.manifest-content-iframe-wrap { width: 100%; overflow-x: auto; }
.manifest-content > * { text-align: initial; }
.manifest-content.is-loading-dom { overflow: hidden; }
.manifest-content.is-loading-dom .loading-content { position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; width: 100%; height: 100%; }
.manifest-content.is-loading-dom .loading-content ~ * { visibility: hidden; }
.manifest-iframe { position: relative; z-index: 0; }
.manifest-iframe.has-fixed-viewport { width: 1px; min-width: 100%; margin-top: 3.5em; }
.manifest-iframe.no-fixed-viewport { min-height: calc(100% – 8em); position: absolute; top: 4em; left: 0px; right: 0px; padding: 0px 2em; margin: 0px auto; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-shadow: rgb(222, 222, 222) 0px 0px 3px; width: calc(100% – 10rem); max-width: 1440px; }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.manifest-iframe.no-fixed-viewport { padding: 0px 0.5em; width: 1px; min-width: 96%; }
}
.manifest-iframe.no-fixed-viewport.readium-enabled { padding: 0px; }
.manifest-iframe.is-loading-dom { visibility: hidden; }
.manifest-iframe.lost-connection { pointer-events: none; }
.rail-container-positioner { max-width: 1440px; display: inline-block; overflow: visible; z-index: 1; position: relative; height: 0px; pointer-events: none; }
.rail-container-positioner.no-fixed-viewport { width: calc(100% – 10rem); }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.rail-container-positioner.no-fixed-viewport { padding: 0px 0.5em; width: 1px; min-width: 96%; }
}
.rail-container-positioner .rail-container { position: relative; width: 100%; overflow: visible; pointer-events: none; }
.app-controls { position: absolute; height: auto; max-height: 3.25rem; width: 100%; top: 0px; left: 0px; z-index: 100; display: flex; justify-content: space-between; pointer-events: none; }
.app-controls > * { pointer-events: initial; }
.primary-app-controls, .secondary-app-controls { background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); display: flex; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: rgb(59, 59, 59) 0px 0px 3px; }
.primary-app-controls button, .secondary-app-controls button { font-size: 0.69rem; transition: opacity 0.3s ease 0s; cursor: pointer; background: 0px 0px; border: none; border-radius: 0px; }
.primary-app-controls button .svg-icon > *, .secondary-app-controls button .svg-icon > * { stroke: rgb(59, 59, 59); }
.primary-app-controls button:hover:not([disabled]) .svg-icon > *, .secondary-app-controls button:hover:not([disabled]) .svg-icon > * { stroke: rgb(37, 33, 32); }
.primary-app-controls button[disabled], .secondary-app-controls button[disabled] { opacity: 0.75; cursor: not-allowed; }
.primary-app-controls button .svg-icon, .secondary-app-controls button .svg-icon { display: flex; stroke-width: 0; height: 2.5em; width: 2.5em; }
.primary-app-controls { margin: 0.65rem 0px 0px 1.625rem; }
@media screen and (max-width: 400px) {
.primary-app-controls .hide-on-small-screens { display: none; }
.page-input { border-left: none; }
}
.primary-app-controls > * { padding: 0.5em 0.75em; }
.primary-app-controls > :not(:last-child) { border-right: 1px solid rgb(178, 178, 178); }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.primary-app-controls button .svg-icon, .secondary-app-controls button .svg-icon { height: 2.2em; width: 2.2em; }
.primary-app-controls { margin: 0.5em 0px 0px 0.5em; }
.primary-app-controls > * { padding: 0.5em; }
}
.secondary-app-controls { margin: 0.65rem 1.625rem 0px 0px; }
.secondary-app-controls > button { padding: 0.5em; }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.secondary-app-controls { margin: 0.5em 0.5em 0px 0px; }
}
.notification-bar-app-controls { position: absolute; left: 15rem; right: 15rem; text-align: center; margin: 0.65rem auto 0px; }
.notification-bar-app-controls .question-notification { border-radius: 0.375rem; box-shadow: rgb(246, 178, 66) 0px 0px 3px; display: inline-block; padding: 0.65rem; text-align: left; }
.notification-bar-app-controls.mobile-view { display: none; }
@media (max-width: 767px) {
.notification-bar-app-controls.full-view { display: none; }
.notification-bar-app-controls.mobile-view { display: flex; font-size: 0.9rem; margin: 0px 0.5rem; pointer-events: all; position: static; }
.notification-bar-app-controls.mobile-view > .question-notification { width: 100%; display: block; }
}
@keyframes can-navigate {
0% { font-size: 0.5em; }
100% { font-size: 1em; }
}
.page-input { padding: 0.25em 0.5em; display: flex; align-items: center; }
.page-input-wrap { border-radius: 3px; color: rgb(78, 70, 68); border: 1px solid rgb(0, 106, 148); display: flex; }
.page-input input { font-size: 1.5em; padding: 0px 0.25em 0px 0px; width: 2.25em; text-align: right; border: none; background: 0px 0px; }
.page-input input[disabled] { background: rgb(247, 247, 247); cursor: not-allowed; }
.page-input input:not(:focus) + button:not(:active):not(:focus) { position: absolute; left: -99999px; display: inline-flex; }
.page-input .page-input-button { border: none; background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); text-align: center; font-size: 1em; padding: 0px 0.5em; border-radius: 0px; animation-name: can-navigate; animation-duration: 0.3s; }
.page-input .page-input-button:focus, .page-input .page-input-button:hover { background: rgb(0, 143, 199); cursor: pointer; }
.page-input .page-input-button::after, .page-input .page-input-button::before { box-sizing: border-box; }
.page-input .page-input-button[disabled] { background: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(196, 196, 196); color: rgb(78, 70, 68); cursor: not-allowed; }
.page-input.no-pages { visibility: hidden; }
.zoom-controls { display: flex; border-right: 1px solid rgb(178, 178, 178); }
.zoom-controls .zoom-out-button { padding-right: 0.75em; padding-left: 0.25em; }
.zoom-controls .zoom-in-button { padding-left: 0.75em; padding-right: 0.25em; }
.zoom-controls .zoom-fit-button { padding: 0px 0.5rem; border-right: 1px solid rgb(178, 178, 178); }
.zoom-controls .zoom-fit-button .svg-icon { height: 1.75rem; width: 1.75rem; }
.badge-area { background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); position: absolute; bottom: 0.5em; right: 0.5em; padding: 0.4em; display: flex; align-items: center; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: rgb(196, 196, 196) 0px 0px 3px; font-size: 0.9em; }
.bookmark-item-link-container a:focus, .help-submenu ul li a:focus, .toc-entry-content:focus { box-shadow: rgba(3, 102, 180, 0.9) 0px 0px 0.175rem 0.175rem; outline: 0px; }
@media (max-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1023px) {
.badge-area { left: 0px; right: 0px; margin: 0.5em 6em; width: auto; display: block; }
}
.help-text { position: absolute; z-index: 9999; padding: 1em; background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8); width: 320px; border-radius: 3px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); top: 0.5em; display: flex; justify-content: space-between; right: 0.5em; }
.help-text.top-left { right: 0px; left: 0.5em; }
.help-text.bottom-left { top: initial; right: initial; bottom: 0.5em; left: 0.5em; }
.help-text-bottom-right { inset: 0px 0.5em 0.5em 0px; }
.help-text-content { padding-right: 1em; }
.help-text button.help-text-dismiss { white-space: nowrap; padding: 0.25rem 0.5rem; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 3px; }
.toc-entry { background: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.toc-entry-arrow { width: 24px; display: flex; justify-content: center; }
.toc-entry-arrow-button { border: none; background-color: transparent; display: flex; align-items: center; }
.toc-entry-arrow-button .svg-icon { width: 1.25em; transform: none; transition: transform 0.5s ease 0s; }
.reading-assignment-chapter-selector__expander[data-expanded], .toc-entry-arrow-button.children-visible .svg-icon, body.is-printing::after { transform: rotate(90deg); }
.toc-entry-container { padding: 0.5em 8px 0.5em 1em; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(247, 247, 247); display: flex; align-items: center; }
.toc-entry-content { flex: 1 1 0%; color: rgb(59, 59, 59); text-decoration: none; display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; }
.bookmark-item, .copied-text-item, .search-results-item { box-shadow: rgb(247, 247, 247) 0px 0px 3px; }
.toc-entry-content-label.no-parent { padding: 0.25em 0px; }
.toc-entry-content-page-label { font-size: 0.8em; padding-left: 1em; color: rgb(105, 94, 92); }
.toc-entry-content:hover { text-decoration: underline; }
.toc-entry-depth-0 { padding-left: 0.25em; font-size: 1em; }
.toc-entry-depth-1 { padding-left: 1em; font-size: 0.96em; }
.toc-entry-depth-2 { padding-left: 1.75em; font-size: 0.92em; }
.toc-entry-depth-3 { padding-left: 2.5em; font-size: 0.88em; }
.toc-entry-depth-4 { padding-left: 3.25em; font-size: 0.84em; }
.toc-entry-depth-5 { padding-left: 4em; font-size: 0.8em; }
.toc-entry-depth-6 { padding-left: 4.75em; font-size: 0.76em; }
.bookmark-list-ncx-entry { background: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.bookmark-list-ncx-entry-label { padding: 0.5em 1em; font-size: 0.9em; background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); color: rgb(64, 58, 56); border-width: 1px 0px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border-image: initial; }
.bookmark-list-ncx-entry-label.no-parent { padding: 0.75em 1em; font-weight: 600; }
.bookmark-list-ncx-entry-items { padding: 0.5em 1em; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; }
.bookmark-item { margin: 0.5em 0px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.bookmark-list-no-content-heading { color: rgb(64, 58, 56); padding: 1.5em 1em; font-size: 1.2em; font-weight: 600; }
.bookmark-list-no-content-text { background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); height: auto; font-size: 1.1em; margin: 0px 1em; padding: 0.75em; border: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); border-radius: 3px; }
.annotation-editor-options-cancel, .bookmark-item-remove { transition: color 0.1s ease 0s, background 0.1s ease 0s, border-color 0.1s ease 0s; background-color: transparent; }
.bookmark-item { border: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); width: 6em; display: flex; flex-direction: column; margin-right: 2em; }
.bookmark-item-link-container { position: relative; height: 10em; font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: 600; }
.bookmark-item-link-container a { user-select: none; display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center; padding: 0.5em; height: 100%; width: 100%; color: rgb(78, 70, 68); text-align: center; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; text-decoration: none; }
.bookmark-item-link-container a:hover { text-decoration: underline; }
.bookmark-item-link-container .svg-icon { position: absolute; top: -1px; right: 0px; fill: rgb(194, 1, 20); }
.bookmark-item-remove { cursor: pointer; margin: 0px 0.25em 0.25em; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.2rem; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(0, 106, 148); text-align: center; display: block; text-decoration: none; border-radius: 3px; font-size: 0.75em; padding: 0.25em; }
.bookmark-item-remove:focus, .bookmark-item-remove:hover { background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); cursor: pointer; }
.help-submenu ul li:hover, .search-message, .support-submission-success { background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); }
.help-submenu { display: flex; flex-direction: column; justify-content: space-between; border-top: 1px solid rgba(51, 46, 44, 0.2); }
.help-submenu ul { flex: 1 1 0%; overflow-y: auto; }
.help-submenu ul li { display: flex; font-size: 1.2em; border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); }
.help-submenu ul li a { padding: 1em 1.5em; flex: 1 1 0%; color: rgb(92, 82, 80); text-decoration: none; }
.help-submenu ul li:hover a { color: rgb(37, 33, 32); text-decoration: underline; }
.support-body { padding: 0.75em; display: flex; flex-direction: column; justify-content: space-between; }
.support-form { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; padding-top: 1rem; }
.support-form label { width: 45%; margin: 0.25em 0px 0px; font-size: 1em; display: block; text-align: left; font-weight: 400; color: rgb(78, 70, 68); }
.support-form label[for=”support-form-description”] { width: 100%; }
.support-form input { appearance: none; border-radius: 3px; font-size: 1em; padding: 0.5em; border: 1px solid rgb(78, 70, 68); display: block; width: 100%; }
.support-form textarea { border-radius: 3px; width: 100%; margin: 0.25em 0px 1.5em; font-size: 0.8em; padding: 0.5em; border: 1px solid rgb(78, 70, 68); min-height: 100px; }
.support-accessibility-link, .support-button-submit { font-size: 1rem; padding: 0.5em; width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center; }
.support-button-submit { line-height: 1.2rem; border: none; background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 3px; text-decoration: none; display: block; margin: 0px auto; }
.support-button-submit:focus, .support-button-submit:hover { background: rgb(0, 143, 199); cursor: pointer; }
.support-button-submit::after, .support-button-submit::before { box-sizing: border-box; }
.support-button-submit[disabled] { background: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(196, 196, 196); color: rgb(78, 70, 68); cursor: not-allowed; }
.support-accessibility-statement { display: flex; flex-direction: column; padding-top: 0.75em; }
.support-accessibility-link { line-height: 1.2rem; border: none; background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 3px; text-decoration: none; display: block; margin: 1em auto; }
.support-accessibility-link:focus, .support-accessibility-link:hover { background: rgb(0, 143, 199); cursor: pointer; }
.support-accessibility-link::after, .support-accessibility-link::before { box-sizing: border-box; }
.support-accessibility-link[disabled] { background: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(196, 196, 196); color: rgb(78, 70, 68); cursor: not-allowed; }
.support-submission { color: rgb(64, 58, 56); padding: 1.5em 1em; font-size: 1.2em; font-weight: 600; }
.support-submission-success { height: auto; font-size: 1.1em; margin: 0px 1em; padding: 0.75em; border: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); border-radius: 3px; }
.shortcuts-list { display: flex; flex-direction: column; justify-content: space-between; border-top: 1px solid rgba(51, 46, 44, 0.2); }
.shortcuts-list ul { flex: 1 1 0%; overflow-y: auto; }
.shortcuts-list ul li { display: flex; border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); }
.shortcuts-list-item { padding: 1em 1.5em; display: flex; flex-direction: row; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; line-height: 1.25em; }
.shortcuts-list-item-title { flex-shrink: 2; }
.shortcuts-list-item-keys { flex-shrink: 0; margin-left: 0.5em; }
.shortcuts-list-item-plus { display: inline-block; margin: 0px 0.25em; }
.shortcuts-list-item-key { text-align: center; display: inline-block; width: 2.5em; line-height: 2.5em; border-radius: 0.25em; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5) 0px 2px 4px 0px; }
.shortcuts-list-item-key svg { width: 0.75em; height: 0.75em; }
.shortcuts-list-item-key-medium { width: 3.75em; }
.shortcuts-list-item-key-large { width: 8.125em; }
.rs-popup { position: absolute; z-index: 200; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 2em; box-shadow: rgb(196, 196, 196) 0px 0px 3px; user-select: none; transition: top 0.3s ease 0s, left 0.3s ease 0s; }
@media (max-width: 479px) {
.rs-popup.flashcard-popup { width: 100%; height: 100%; left: 0px !important; top: 0px !important; }
}
.content-rail { position: absolute; top: 4em; width: 32px; pointer-events: none; overflow: visible; }
.content-rail > div { pointer-events: initial; }
.content-rail-right { right: -36px; }
.content-rail-right .rail-bubble-item { left: 0px; }
.content-rail-left { left: -36px; }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.content-rail-right { right: -12px; }
.content-rail-left { left: -12px; }
.page-marker { left: 1.5em; transform: rotate(90deg); transform-origin: 0px 0px; }
}
.content-rail-left .rail-bubble-item { right: 0px; }
.content-rail:not(.has-fixed-viewport)::after { content: “”; width: 1em; height: 1em; visibility: hidden; position: absolute; bottom: -4em; }
.rail-bubble-item { position: absolute; width: 24px; height: 24px; box-shadow: rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.8) 0px 1px 4px 0px; border-radius: 100px; }
.page-marker { white-space: nowrap; position: absolute; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s; font-size: 0.75em; padding: 0.1em 0.5em; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 3px; border: 1px solid rgb(92, 82, 80); color: rgb(92, 82, 80); pointer-events: none; touch-action: none; }
.page-marker.page-break-not-found { display: none; }
.annotation-editor { position: absolute; transition: top 0.3s ease 0s, margin-left 0.3s ease 0s, margin-right 0.3s ease 0s, height 0.3s ease 0s, width 0.3s ease 0s, border-radius 0.3s ease 0s; pointer-events: initial; border-radius: 50%; background: rgb(255, 186, 8); }
.annotation-editor.yellow { background: rgb(255, 186, 8); border-color: rgb(255, 186, 8); }
.annotation-editor.red { background: rgb(224, 25, 63); border-color: rgb(224, 25, 63); }
.annotation-editor.blue { background: rgb(0, 117, 188); border-color: rgb(0, 117, 188); }
.annotation-editor.green { background: rgb(76, 191, 8); border-color: rgb(76, 191, 8); }
.annotation-editor .view-only { word-break: break-word; }
.annotation-editor-button-edit { height: 100%; width: 100%; appearance: none; border: none; background: 0px 0px; }
.annotation-editor-options { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; font-size: 0.75em; border-top: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); }
.annotation-editor-options-cancel, .annotation-editor-options-save { font-size: 1rem; padding: 0.5em; margin: 0.25em; line-height: 1.2rem; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box; flex: 1 1 0%; }
.annotation-editor-options-cancel { border: 1px solid rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(0, 106, 148); display: block; text-decoration: none; border-radius: 3px; }
.annotation-editor-options-cancel:focus, .annotation-editor-options-cancel:hover { background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); cursor: pointer; }
.annotation-editor-options-cancel .view-only button { margin: 0.25em; }
.annotation-editor-options-save { border: none; background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 3px; text-decoration: none; }
.annotation-editor-options-save:focus, .annotation-editor-options-save:hover { background: rgb(0, 143, 199); cursor: pointer; }
.annotation-editor-options-save::after, .annotation-editor-options-save::before { box-sizing: border-box; }
.annotation-editor-options-save[disabled] { background: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(196, 196, 196); color: rgb(78, 70, 68); cursor: not-allowed; }
.annotation-editor-options div { width: 50%; border-top: none; }
.annotation-editor.is-editing { width: 16em; height: auto; border-radius: 0px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.annotation-editor.is-editing.open-from-left { border-right-width: 5px; border-right-style: solid; right: 0px; margin-right: calc(-1.625rem – 16em); }
.annotation-editor.is-editing.open-from-right { border-left-width: 5px; border-left-style: solid; left: 0px; margin-left: calc(-1.625rem – 16em); }
.annotation-editor-text-entry { width: 100%; min-height: 6em; font-size: 1.1em; padding: 0.2em; height: auto; border: none; appearance: none; }
.annotation-editor-text-label { display: block; padding: 0.5em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.annotation-editor.is-editing.open-from-left { margin-right: -16em; }
.annotation-editor.is-editing.open-from-right { margin-left: -16em; }
}
@keyframes bookmark-created {
0% { transform: rotate(45deg); }
100% { transform: rotate(0deg); }
}
@keyframes bookmark-deleted {
0% { transform: rotate(0deg); }
100% { opacity: 0; transform: rotate(-45deg); }
}
.rail-bookmark { position: absolute; pointer-events: all; left: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s; text-align: right; }
.list-item-editor.is-editing .list-item-editor-content, .rail-bookmark.is-editing .rail-bookmark-button-edit, .spine-entry-nav-container { pointer-events: none; }
.rail-bookmark.is-editing { left: calc(-10em – 1.625rem); background: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-shadow: rgb(196, 196, 196) 0px 0px 3px; }
.rail-bookmark-options { display: flex; flex-direction: column; width: 10em; padding: 0.5em; }
.rail-bookmark-options-cancel { transition: color 0.1s ease 0s, background 0.1s ease 0s, border-color 0.1s ease 0s; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.2rem; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 106, 148); background-color: transparent; color: rgb(0, 106, 148); padding: 0.5em; text-align: center; display: block; text-decoration: none; border-radius: 3px; font-size: 0.8em; }
.rail-bookmark-options-cancel:focus, .rail-bookmark-options-cancel:hover { background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); cursor: pointer; }
.rail-bookmark-options-remove { box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.2rem; border: 1px none; padding: 0.5em; background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 3px; text-decoration: none; text-align: center; font-size: 0.8em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; }
.rail-bookmark-options-remove:focus, .rail-bookmark-options-remove:hover { background: rgb(0, 143, 199); cursor: pointer; }
.rail-bookmark-options-remove::after, .rail-bookmark-options-remove::before { box-sizing: border-box; }
.rail-bookmark-options-remove[disabled] { background: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(196, 196, 196); color: rgb(78, 70, 68); cursor: not-allowed; }
.rail-bookmark-button-edit { text-align: right; cursor: pointer; appearance: none; background: 0px 0px; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; }
.rail-bookmark-button-edit:hover svg * { stroke: none; fill: rgb(194, 1, 20); }
.rail-bookmark svg { transform: rotate(0deg); }
.rail-bookmark svg path { stroke: none; fill: rgb(245, 1, 25); }
.rail-bookmark.is-new svg { animation-name: bookmark-created; animation-duration: 0.5s; }
.rail-bookmark.is-deleted svg { animation-name: bookmark-deleted; animation-duration: 0.5s; }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.rail-bookmark.is-editing { left: -10em; }
}
.search-input-container { padding: 0.5em; }
.search-input-label { font-size: 0.8em; margin-bottom: 0.25em; padding-left: 0.1em; font-weight: 600; display: block; color: rgb(78, 70, 68); }
.search-input-field { width: 100%; font-size: 1.25em; padding: 0.1em 0.25em; border: 1px solid rgb(196, 196, 196); border-radius: 3px; appearance: none; }
.search-input-wrap { display: flex; flex-direction: row; }
.search-index { padding: 0px 1em 1em; }
.search button, .search-index-try-again { padding: 0.5em; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.2rem; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box; }
.search-index .description-submenu { margin: 0px -1em 0.5em; }
.search-index-try-again { border: none; background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 3px; width: 100%; }
.search-index-try-again:focus, .search-index-try-again:hover { background: rgb(0, 143, 199); cursor: pointer; }
.search-index-try-again::after, .search-index-try-again::before { box-sizing: border-box; }
.search-index-try-again[disabled] { background: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(196, 196, 196); color: rgb(78, 70, 68); cursor: not-allowed; }
.search button { margin-left: 0.25em; border: none; background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 3px; }
.search button:focus, .search button:hover { background: rgb(0, 143, 199); cursor: pointer; }
.search button::after, .search button::before { box-sizing: border-box; }
.search button[disabled] { background: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(196, 196, 196); color: rgb(78, 70, 68); cursor: not-allowed; }
.search .loading-content { margin: 0px; }
.search-message { height: auto; font-size: 1.1em; padding: 0.75em; border: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); border-radius: 3px; margin: 0px 1em 0.5em; word-break: break-word; }
.search-results-list-ncx-entry { background: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.search-results-list-ncx-entry-label { padding: 0.5em 1em; font-size: 0.9em; background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); color: rgb(64, 58, 56); border-width: 1px 0px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border-image: initial; }
.search-results-list-ncx-entry-label.no-parent { padding: 0.75em 1em; font-weight: 600; }
.search-results-list-ncx-entry-items { padding: 0.5em 1em; }
.search-results-item { margin: 0.5em 0px; border: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); background: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.feedback-form-icon:focus, .rs-toggle-input:focus + label, .rs-tooltip-se:focus, .rs-tooltip-sw:focus, .rs-tooltip:focus, .sidebar-links-list-item a:focus, .sidebar-links-logo > a:focus { box-shadow: rgba(3, 102, 180, 0.9) 0px 0px 0.175rem 0.175rem; outline: 0px; }
.search-results-item-link { width: 100%; display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; padding: 1em; color: rgb(64, 58, 56); text-decoration: none; cursor: pointer; }
.search-results-item-link:focus { box-shadow: rgba(3, 102, 180, 0.9) 0px 0px 0.175rem 0.175rem; outline: 0px; }
.search-results-item-link:hover { text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(37, 33, 32); }
.search-results-item-link .rs-es-h { background-color: rgba(255, 186, 8, 0.2); }
.search-results-item-link-button { margin-left: 1em; }
.multiselect-option { border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.25); position: relative; }
.multiselect-option:last-child { border: none; }
.multiselect-option-wrapper { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; }
.multiselect-option-checkbox { clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); position: absolute; height: 1px; width: 1px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; flex: 0 0 auto; }
.multiselect-option-label { padding: 1em 0.5em; width: 100%; display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; }
.multiselect-option-label-icon { visibility: hidden; }
.multiselect-option-label-icon .svg-icon { height: 1em; width: 1em; }
.multiselect-option-label-icon .svg-icon * { stroke-width: 2; }
.multiselect-option-label-text { word-break: break-word; }
.multiselect-option-delete-button { border: none; font-size: 1.7em; padding: 0px 0.25em 0px 0px; margin: 0px; background-color: transparent; }
.multiselect-option.is-selected { background-color: rgba(0, 106, 148, 0.2); }
.multiselect-option.is-selected .multiselect-option-label-icon { visibility: visible; }
.multiselect-option.is-focused .multiselect-option-label { outline: rgb(94, 158, 214) solid 3px; }
.copied-text-list-ncx-entry { background: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.copied-text-list-ncx-entry-label { padding: 0.5em 1em; font-size: 0.9em; background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); color: rgb(64, 58, 56); border-width: 1px 0px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border-image: initial; }
.copied-text-list-ncx-entry-label.no-parent { padding: 0.75em 1em; font-weight: 600; }
.copied-text-list-ncx-entry-items { padding: 0.5em 1em; }
.copied-text-item { margin: 0.5em 0px; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 5px; border-style: solid; border-top-color: rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); border-right-color: rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); border-bottom-color: rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); border-image: initial; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-left-color: initial; }
.copied-text-formatted-text { padding: 0.5em; font-weight: 600; }
.copied-text-nav { font-weight: 700; display: flex; padding: 0.45em 0.5em; justify-content: flex-end; border-top: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); }
.copied-text-nav-page-label { padding: 0px 0.5em; font-weight: 600; font-size: 0.8em; }
.copied-text-nav button { display: flex; align-items: center; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(78, 70, 68); border: none; background-color: transparent; }
.copied-text-nav button:hover { text-decoration: underline; }
.copied-text-nav a { display: flex; }
.copied-text-nav .svg-icon { width: 1.5em; height: 1.5em; }
.copied-text-nav .svg-icon g { stroke: rgb(118, 118, 118); }
.copied-text-list-no-content-heading { color: rgb(64, 58, 56); padding: 1.5em 1em; font-size: 1.2em; font-weight: 600; }
.copied-text-list-no-content-text { background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); height: auto; font-size: 1.1em; margin: 0px 1em; padding: 0.75em; border: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); border-radius: 3px; }
.copied-text-indicators { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; margin: 0.5em; padding: 0.5em; font-size: 0.9em; }
.copied-text-indicators-label { font-weight: 700; }
.copied-text-indicators-example { display: inline-block; line-height: 0.95em; border-bottom: 0.19em dashed rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.25); }
.copy-dialog { background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); width: 20em; }
.copy-dialog-header { background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); padding: 0.5em; text-align: center; }
.copy-dialog-content { width: 100%; padding: 0.5em; box-sizing: border-box; }
.copy-dialog-content .copy-interface-drm-text-to-copy { box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.1em; height: 4em; background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); border: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); border-radius: 3px; overflow: auto; user-select: none; }
.copy-dialog-content .copy-interface-drm-text-to-copy p { margin: 0.5em; }
.copy-dialog-content .copy-interface-drm-text-to-copy.already-copied { user-select: initial; }
.copy-dialog-content .copy-interface-message { display: flex; align-items: center; margin-bottom: 0.5em; }
.copy-dialog-content .copy-interface-message-agree, .copy-dialog-content .copy-interface-message-already-copied, .copy-dialog-content .copy-interface-message-copied { font-size: 0.8em; padding: 0.5em; }
.copy-dialog-content .copy-interface-controls { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; }
.copy-dialog-content .copy-interface-controls-cancel { transition: color 0.1s ease 0s, background 0.1s ease 0s, border-color 0.1s ease 0s; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.2rem; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 106, 148); background-color: transparent; color: rgb(0, 106, 148); padding: 0.5em; text-align: center; display: block; text-decoration: none; border-radius: 3px; flex: 1 1 0%; }
.copy-dialog-content .copy-interface-controls-clipboard, .copy-dialog-content .copy-interface-controls-confirm { font-size: 1rem; padding: 0.5em; flex: 1 1 0%; line-height: 1.2rem; text-decoration: none; text-align: center; margin-left: 0.5em; }
.copy-dialog-content .copy-interface-controls-cancel:focus, .copy-dialog-content .copy-interface-controls-cancel:hover { background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); cursor: pointer; }
.copy-dialog-content .copy-interface-controls-confirm { box-sizing: border-box; border: none; background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 3px; }
.copy-dialog-content .copy-interface-controls-confirm:focus, .copy-dialog-content .copy-interface-controls-confirm:hover { background: rgb(0, 143, 199); cursor: pointer; }
.copy-dialog-content .copy-interface-controls-confirm::after, .copy-dialog-content .copy-interface-controls-confirm::before { box-sizing: border-box; }
.copy-dialog-content .copy-interface-controls-confirm[disabled] { background: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(196, 196, 196); color: rgb(78, 70, 68); cursor: not-allowed; }
.copy-dialog-content .copy-interface-controls-clipboard { box-sizing: border-box; border: none; background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 3px; }
.copy-dialog-content .copy-interface-controls-clipboard:focus, .copy-dialog-content .copy-interface-controls-clipboard:hover { background: rgb(0, 143, 199); cursor: pointer; }
.copy-dialog-content .copy-interface-controls-clipboard::after, .copy-dialog-content .copy-interface-controls-clipboard::before { box-sizing: border-box; }
.copy-dialog-content .copy-interface-controls-clipboard[disabled] { background: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(196, 196, 196); color: rgb(78, 70, 68); cursor: not-allowed; }
.copy-dialog-content .copy-interface-controls-saving { flex: 1 1 0%; padding: 1em; text-align: center; }
.screen-reader-clone-of-text-to-copy { position: absolute; left: -9000rem; }
.drm-message { color: rgb(194, 1, 20); font-size: 0.8em; }
.sidebar .loading { text-align: center; }
.sidebar .sidebar-header-btns .copy-btn { display: block; width: 100%; text-align: center; font-size: 2em; line-height: 0; }
.sidebar .no-copied-content-message { padding: 4em 1.5em 0px; }
.sidebar #copy-paste-list { height: 100%; }
.sidebar #copy-paste-list #copied-content { background: rgb(253, 253, 253); height: 100%; }
.sidebar #copy-paste-list #copied-content .copied-text-component { margin-left: 1.2em; padding: 0.3em 0.3em 0.3em 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); }
.sidebar #copy-paste-list #copied-content .copied-text-component .subject-line { display: inline-block; width: 60%; }
.sidebar #copy-paste-list #copied-content .copied-text-component .chapter-title { float: left; }
.sidebar #copy-paste-list #copied-content .copied-text-component .date-created { float: right; text-align: right; width: 40%; }
.sidebar #copy-paste-list #copied-content .copied-text-component .copied-text { user-select: text; width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border: none; background: 0px 0px; padding: 1em 0.5em; resize: none; }
.sidebar #copy-paste-list #copied-content .copied-text-component .copied-text-link { display: block; clear: both; width: 100%; text-align: right; border: none; }
.sidebar-links { display: flex; flex-direction: column; justify-content: space-between; border-top: 1px solid rgba(51, 46, 44, 0.2); }
.sidebar-links-list { flex: 1 1 0%; overflow-y: auto; }
@media not screen and (max-width: 400px) {
.sidebar-links-list .only-on-small-screens { display: none; }
}
.sidebar-links-list-item { display: flex; font-size: 1.2em; border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); }
.sidebar-links-list-item a { padding: 0.25rem; flex: 1 1 0%; display: flex; align-items: center; color: rgb(59, 59, 59); text-decoration: none; margin: 0.5em; font-size: 1em; }
.sidebar-links-list-item .svg-icon { margin-right: 0.75rem; height: 2rem; width: 2rem; }
.sidebar-links-list-item:hover { background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); }
.sidebar-links-list-item:hover a { color: rgb(37, 33, 32); text-decoration: underline; }
.sidebar-links-list-item.preview a { color: rgb(128, 128, 133); }
.sidebar-links-list-item.preview svg { fill: rgb(128, 128, 133); }
.sidebar-links-collaboration-message, .sidebar-links-offline-message { background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); height: auto; border: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); border-radius: 3px; font-size: 0.9em; padding: 0.5em 0.75em; margin: 0.75em; }
.sidebar-links-classroom { display: flex; padding: 0.5rem; border-top: 1px solid rgb(93, 93, 93); }
.sidebar-links-classroom .rs-box-link { width: 100%; }
.sidebar-links-logo { border-top: 1px solid rgb(196, 196, 196); text-align: center; padding: 0.25em 1em; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; }
.sidebar-links-logo > div { width: auto; }
.sidebar-links-logo > a { width: 50%; }
.sidebar-links-logo img { height: 2em; }
.sidebar-links-version-number { font-size: 0.8em; color: rgb(59, 59, 59); }
.sidebar-links.is-reading-offline .feedback-form-icon { visibility: hidden; }
@keyframes bounce_color {
25% { background: 0px 0px; }
}
.loading-content { flex: 1 1 0%; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; margin-top: -4em; }
.loading-content-circle { width: 1.5em; height: 1.5em; margin: 0.25em; border-radius: 50%; background: rgb(0, 106, 148); animation-name: bounce_color; animation-duration: 4s; animation-iteration-count: infinite; }
.loading-content-circle-1 { animation-delay: 0s; }
.loading-content-circle-2 { animation-delay: 1s; }
.loading-content-circle-3 { animation-delay: 2s; }
.loading-content-circle-4 { animation-delay: 3s; }
.loader, .manifest-loader { font-size: 1.25em; background: rgb(250, 250, 250); width: 100%; height: 100%; position: absolute; z-index: 99; display: flex; align-items: center; }
.loader-wrap, .manifest-loader-wrap { margin: -4em auto 0px; text-align: center; }
.study-dashboard { display: flex; flex-direction: column; }
.study-dashboard .dashboard-option-group-header { font-size: 0.8em; }
.study-dashboard-options { padding: 0.75em 1.2em; background: rgb(250, 250, 250); border-top: 1px solid rgb(196, 196, 196); display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; }
.study-dashboard-options-open-notes { box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.2rem; border: none; padding: 0.5em; background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 3px; text-decoration: none; text-align: center; width: 100%; }
.study-dashboard-options-open-notes:focus, .study-dashboard-options-open-notes:hover { background: rgb(0, 143, 199); cursor: pointer; }
.study-dashboard-options-open-notes::after, .study-dashboard-options-open-notes::before { box-sizing: border-box; }
.study-dashboard-options-open-notes:disabled, .study-dashboard-options-open-notes[disabled] { background: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(196, 196, 196); color: rgb(78, 70, 68); cursor: not-allowed; }
.study-dashboard-chapters { flex: 1 1 0%; overflow-y: auto; }
.study-dashboard-no-content-heading { color: rgb(64, 58, 56); padding: 1.5em 1em; font-size: 1.2em; font-weight: 600; }
.study-dashboard-no-content-text { background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); height: auto; font-size: 1.1em; margin: 0px 1em; padding: 0.75em; border: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); border-radius: 3px; }
.old-print-dashboard { display: flex; flex-direction: column; justify-content: space-between; padding: 0.5em 1em 1em; }
.old-print-dashboard .print-dashboard-beta-message { background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); height: auto; padding: 0.75em; border: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); border-radius: 3px; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; font-size: 0.8em; }
.old-print-dashboard .print-dashboard-print-usage { border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(196, 196, 196); }
.old-print-dashboard .print-dashboard-create { padding: 0.5em 0px; }
.old-print-dashboard .print-dashboard-create-label { font-weight: 600; }
.old-print-dashboard .print-dashboard-create-btn { margin-top: 0.5em; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.2rem; border: none; padding: 0.5em; background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 3px; text-decoration: none; text-align: center; }
.old-print-dashboard .print-dashboard-create-btn:focus, .old-print-dashboard .print-dashboard-create-btn:hover { background: rgb(0, 143, 199); cursor: pointer; }
.old-print-dashboard .print-dashboard-create-btn::after, .old-print-dashboard .print-dashboard-create-btn::before { box-sizing: border-box; }
.old-print-dashboard .print-dashboard-create-btn[disabled] { background: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(196, 196, 196); color: rgb(78, 70, 68); cursor: not-allowed; }
.old-print-dashboard .print-dashboard-setup { padding: 0.5em 0px; flex: 1 1 0%; }
.old-print-dashboard .print-dashboard-cancel { border-top: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); padding: 0.5em 0px; }
.old-print-dashboard .print-dashboard-cancel button { box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.2rem; border: none; padding: 0.5em; background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 3px; text-decoration: none; text-align: center; width: 100%; }
.old-print-dashboard .print-dashboard-error, .old-print-dashboard .print-dashboard-previous-jobs-overview { padding: 0.5em 0px; }
.old-print-dashboard .print-dashboard-cancel button:focus, .old-print-dashboard .print-dashboard-cancel button:hover { background: rgb(0, 143, 199); cursor: pointer; }
.old-print-dashboard .print-dashboard-cancel button::after, .old-print-dashboard .print-dashboard-cancel button::before { box-sizing: border-box; }
.old-print-dashboard .print-dashboard-cancel button[disabled] { background: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(196, 196, 196); color: rgb(78, 70, 68); cursor: not-allowed; }
.old-print-dashboard .print-dashboard-previous-jobs { border-top: 1px solid rgb(105, 94, 92); flex: 1 1 0%; display: flex; flex-direction: column; }
.old-print-dashboard .print-dashboard-previous-jobs-overview-label { font-weight: 600; }
.old-print-dashboard .print-dashboard-previous-jobs-list { border-top: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); flex: 1 1 0%; overflow-y: auto; }
.old-print-dashboard .print-dashboard-error p:first-child { font-weight: 600; margin-bottom: 0.5em; }
.print-dashboard.show-print-modal { background-color: rgb(118, 118, 118); padding: 4em 2em; }
.print-dashboard.show-print-modal .print-dashboard-modal { background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); padding: 0.5em; }
.print-dashboard.show-print-modal .print-dashboard-modal .print-dashboard-modal-message ul { border: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); margin-top: 0.5em; padding: 0.5em; overflow: auto; max-height: 4.5em; }
.print-dashboard.show-print-modal .print-dashboard-modal .print-dashboard-modal-message .print-dashboard-modal-message-refund-warning { margin-top: 0.5em; font-size: 0.9em; }
.print-dashboard.show-print-modal .print-dashboard-modal .print-dashboard-modal-message .print-dashboard-modal-message-loading-icon { display: flex; justify-content: center; padding: 1em; }
.print-dashboard.show-print-modal .print-dashboard-modal .print-dashboard-modal-buttons { display: flex; justify-content: flex-end; margin-top: 0.5em; }
.print-dashboard.show-print-modal .print-dashboard-modal .print-dashboard-modal-buttons button:last-child { background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.print-dashboard.show-print-modal .print-dashboard-modal .print-dashboard-modal-buttons .print-dashboard-modal-buttons-download { background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; border: none; padding: 0.5em; text-decoration: none; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; border-radius: 3px; }
.print-dashboard.show-print-modal .print-dashboard-modal .print-dashboard-modal-buttons .print-dashboard-modal-buttons-download:focus, .print-dashboard.show-print-modal .print-dashboard-modal .print-dashboard-modal-buttons .print-dashboard-modal-buttons-download:hover { background: rgb(0, 143, 199); cursor: pointer; }
.print-dashboard { display: flex; flex-direction: column; justify-content: space-between; padding: 0px 1em 1em; }
.print-dashboard .description-submenu { margin: 0px -1em 0.5em; }
.print-dashboard .print-dashboard-body { margin-bottom: 80px; }
.print-dashboard .print-dashboard-beta-message { background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); height: auto; padding: 0.75em; border: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); border-radius: 3px; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; font-size: 0.8em; }
.print-dashboard .print-dashboard-print-usage { margin-bottom: 0.5em; }
.print-dashboard .print-dashboard-create { margin: 0.5em 0px; }
.print-dashboard .print-dashboard-create-label { font-weight: 600; }
.print-dashboard .print-dashboard-create-btn { margin-top: 0.5em; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.2rem; border: none; padding: 0.5em; background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 3px; text-decoration: none; text-align: center; }
.print-dashboard .print-dashboard-create-btn:focus, .print-dashboard .print-dashboard-create-btn:hover { background: rgb(0, 143, 199); cursor: pointer; }
.print-dashboard .print-dashboard-create-btn::after, .print-dashboard .print-dashboard-create-btn::before { box-sizing: border-box; }
.print-dashboard .print-dashboard-create-btn[disabled] { background: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(196, 196, 196); color: rgb(78, 70, 68); cursor: not-allowed; }
.print-dashboard .print-setup-refund-warning-cancel-btn, .print-dashboard .print-setup-section button { width: 100%; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 106, 148); font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.2rem; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: none; transition: color 0.1s ease 0s, background 0.1s ease 0s, border-color 0.1s ease 0s; }
.print-dashboard .print-setup-refund-warning-emphasis { font-weight: 600; }
.print-dashboard .print-setup-refund-warning-cancel-btn { margin-top: 0.5em; background-color: transparent; color: rgb(0, 106, 148); padding: 0.5em; text-align: center; display: block; border-radius: 3px; }
.print-dashboard .print-setup-refund-warning-cancel-btn:focus, .print-dashboard .print-setup-refund-warning-cancel-btn:hover { background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); cursor: pointer; }
.print-dashboard .print-setup-refund-warning-btn { margin-top: 0.5em; width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.2rem; border: none; padding: 0.5em; background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 3px; text-decoration: none; text-align: center; }
.print-dashboard .print-setup-refund-warning-btn:focus, .print-dashboard .print-setup-refund-warning-btn:hover { background: rgb(0, 143, 199); cursor: pointer; }
.print-dashboard .print-setup-refund-warning-btn::after, .print-dashboard .print-setup-refund-warning-btn::before { box-sizing: border-box; }
.print-dashboard .print-setup-refund-warning-btn[disabled] { background: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(196, 196, 196); color: rgb(78, 70, 68); cursor: not-allowed; }
.print-dashboard .print-setup-range { padding: 0.5em 0px; display: flex; flex-direction: column; }
.print-dashboard .print-setup-range .rs-box-link, .print-dashboard .print-setup-range .rs-button { align-self: flex-end; padding: 0.5rem; text-transform: uppercase; margin-right: 0px; }
.print-dashboard .print-setup-section { padding-top: 0.5em; border-top: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); }
.print-dashboard .print-setup-section button { background-color: transparent; color: rgb(0, 106, 148); padding: 0.5em; text-align: center; display: block; border-radius: 3px; }
.print-dashboard .print-setup-section button:focus, .print-dashboard .print-setup-section button:hover { background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); cursor: pointer; }
.print-dashboard .print-setup-selection { display: flex; align-items: center; }
.print-dashboard .print-setup-selection-exceeded-limit { padding: 0.25em 0px; color: rgb(194, 1, 20); font-weight: 600; }
.print-dashboard .print-setup-selection-section { flex: 1 1 0%; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; }
.print-dashboard .print-setup-selection-section-cancel { transition: color 0.1s ease 0s, background 0.1s ease 0s, border-color 0.1s ease 0s; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.2rem; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 106, 148); background-color: transparent; color: rgb(0, 106, 148); padding: 0.5em; text-align: center; display: block; text-decoration: none; border-radius: 3px; }
.print-dashboard .print-setup-selection-section-cancel:focus, .print-dashboard .print-setup-selection-section-cancel:hover { background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); cursor: pointer; }
.print-dashboard .print-setup-selection-ranges-list { display: flex; list-style: none; }
.print-dashboard .print-setup-selection-ranges-list-item { list-style: none; border: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); border-radius: 3px; padding: 5px 5px 5px 7px; margin: 0.5em 0.5em 0px 0px; font-size: 0.8em; display: flex; align-items: center; font-weight: 600; box-shadow: rgb(196, 196, 196) 0px 0px 3px; }
.print-dashboard .print-setup-selection-ranges-list-item button { display: flex; margin-left: 0.75em; padding: 0px; }
.print-dashboard .print-setup-selection-ranges-list-item button svg { height: 0.75rem; width: 0.75rem; }
.print-dashboard .print-setup-options { border-top: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); margin-top: 0.5em; padding: 0.5em; display: flex; }
.print-dashboard .print-setup-options label { padding-left: 0.5em; }
.print-dashboard .print-setup-confirm { border-top: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); padding: 1em; display: flex; flex-direction: column; position: fixed; left: 0px; bottom: 0px; width: 100%; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.print-dashboard .print-setup-confirm-button { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; }
.print-dashboard .print-setup-confirm-btn { box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.2rem; border: none; padding: 0.5em; background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 3px; text-decoration: none; text-align: center; }
.print-dashboard .print-setup-confirm-btn:focus, .print-dashboard .print-setup-confirm-btn:hover { background: rgb(0, 143, 199); cursor: pointer; }
.print-dashboard .print-setup-confirm-btn::after, .print-dashboard .print-setup-confirm-btn::before { box-sizing: border-box; }
.print-dashboard .print-setup-confirm-btn[disabled] { background: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(196, 196, 196); color: rgb(78, 70, 68); cursor: not-allowed; }
.print-dashboard .print-dashboard-cancel { border-top: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); padding: 0.5em 0px; }
.print-dashboard .print-dashboard-cancel button { box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.2rem; border: none; padding: 0.5em; background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 3px; text-decoration: none; text-align: center; width: 100%; }
.print-dashboard .print-dashboard-cancel button:focus, .print-dashboard .print-dashboard-cancel button:hover { background: rgb(0, 143, 199); cursor: pointer; }
.print-dashboard .print-dashboard-cancel button::after, .print-dashboard .print-dashboard-cancel button::before { box-sizing: border-box; }
.print-dashboard .print-dashboard-cancel button[disabled] { background: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(196, 196, 196); color: rgb(78, 70, 68); cursor: not-allowed; }
.print-dashboard .print-dashboard-previous-jobs { border-top: 1px solid rgb(105, 94, 92); border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(105, 94, 92); flex: 1 1 0%; display: flex; flex-direction: column; margin: 0.5em 0px; padding: 0.5em 0px; }
.print-dashboard .print-dashboard-previous-jobs-header { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; }
.print-dashboard .print-dashboard-previous-jobs-header p { font-weight: 600; }
.print-dashboard .print-dashboard-previous-jobs-header-toggle { cursor: pointer; }
.print-dashboard .print-dashboard-previous-jobs-header-toggle.down { transform: scale(1.5); }
.print-dashboard .print-dashboard-previous-jobs-header-toggle.up { transform: scale(1.5) rotate(180deg); }
.print-dashboard .print-dashboard-previous-jobs-overview-label { font-weight: 600; }
.print-dashboard .print-dashboard-previous-jobs-list { border: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); overflow-y: auto; padding: 0.5em; max-height: 8em; margin-top: 0.5em; }
.print-dashboard .print-dashboard-previous-jobs-list li { padding-bottom: 1em; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; }
.print-dashboard .print-dashboard-previous-jobs-list::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb { border-radius: 4px; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5); box-shadow: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5) 0px 0px 1px; }
.print-dashboard .print-dashboard-previous-jobs-list::-webkit-scrollbar { appearance: none; width: 7px; }
.print-dashboard .print-dashboard-error { padding: 0.5em 0px; }
.old-print-dashboard .print-setup-refund-warning-btn, .old-print-dashboard .print-setup-refund-warning-cancel-btn { margin-top: 0.5em; padding: 0.5em; width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.2rem; text-align: center; }
.print-dashboard .print-dashboard-error p:first-child { font-weight: 600; margin-bottom: 0.5em; }
.old-print-dashboard .print-setup-refund-warning-emphasis { font-weight: 600; }
.old-print-dashboard .print-setup-refund-warning-cancel-btn { transition: color 0.1s ease 0s, background 0.1s ease 0s, border-color 0.1s ease 0s; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 106, 148); background-color: transparent; color: rgb(0, 106, 148); display: block; text-decoration: none; border-radius: 3px; }
.old-print-dashboard .print-setup-refund-warning-cancel-btn:focus, .old-print-dashboard .print-setup-refund-warning-cancel-btn:hover { background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); cursor: pointer; }
.old-print-dashboard .print-setup-refund-warning-btn { border: none; background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 3px; text-decoration: none; }
.old-print-dashboard .print-setup-refund-warning-btn:focus, .old-print-dashboard .print-setup-refund-warning-btn:hover { background: rgb(0, 143, 199); cursor: pointer; }
.old-print-dashboard .print-setup-refund-warning-btn::after, .old-print-dashboard .print-setup-refund-warning-btn::before { box-sizing: border-box; }
.old-print-dashboard .print-setup-refund-warning-btn[disabled] { background: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(196, 196, 196); color: rgb(78, 70, 68); cursor: not-allowed; }
.old-print-dashboard .print-setup-range { padding: 0.5em 0px; }
.old-print-dashboard .print-setup-section { padding-top: 0.5em; border-top: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); }
.old-print-dashboard .print-setup-section button { width: 100%; transition: color 0.1s ease 0s, background 0.1s ease 0s, border-color 0.1s ease 0s; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.2rem; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 106, 148); background-color: transparent; color: rgb(0, 106, 148); padding: 0.5em; text-align: center; display: block; text-decoration: none; border-radius: 3px; }
.old-print-dashboard .print-setup-section button:focus, .old-print-dashboard .print-setup-section button:hover { background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); cursor: pointer; }
.old-print-dashboard .print-setup-selection { display: flex; align-items: center; }
.old-print-dashboard .print-setup-selection-header { padding-bottom: 0.5em; border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); }
.old-print-dashboard .print-setup-selection-exceeded-limit { padding: 0.25em 0px; color: rgb(194, 1, 20); font-weight: 600; }
.old-print-dashboard .print-setup-selection-section { flex: 1 1 0%; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; }
.old-print-dashboard .print-setup-selection-section-cancel { transition: color 0.1s ease 0s, background 0.1s ease 0s, border-color 0.1s ease 0s; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.2rem; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 106, 148); background-color: transparent; color: rgb(0, 106, 148); padding: 0.5em; text-align: center; display: block; text-decoration: none; border-radius: 3px; }
.old-print-dashboard .print-setup-selection-section-cancel:focus, .old-print-dashboard .print-setup-selection-section-cancel:hover { background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); cursor: pointer; }
.old-print-dashboard .print-setup-selection-ranges-list { display: flex; list-style: none; }
.old-print-dashboard .print-setup-selection-ranges-list-item { list-style: none; border: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); border-radius: 3px; padding: 5px 5px 5px 7px; margin: 0.5em 0.5em 0px 0px; font-size: 0.8em; display: flex; align-items: center; font-weight: 600; box-shadow: rgb(196, 196, 196) 0px 0px 3px; }
.old-print-dashboard .print-setup-selection-ranges-list-item button { display: flex; margin-left: 0.75em; padding: 0px; }
.old-print-dashboard .print-setup-selection-ranges-list-item button svg { height: 0.75rem; width: 0.75rem; }
.old-print-dashboard .print-setup-options { border-top: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); margin-top: 0.5em; padding-top: 0.5em; }
.old-print-dashboard .print-setup-options-header { font-weight: 600; }
.old-print-dashboard .print-setup-options-notes { margin-top: 0.5em; }
.old-print-dashboard .print-setup-options-notes p { font-size: 0.8em; padding: 0px 0.5em; }
.old-print-dashboard .print-setup-confirm { border-top: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); padding-top: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; }
.old-print-dashboard .print-setup-confirm-btn, .print-overlay button { border: none; font-size: 1rem; padding: 0.5em; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.2rem; text-decoration: none; text-align: center; }
.old-print-dashboard .print-setup-confirm-btn { background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 3px; }
.old-print-dashboard .print-setup-confirm-btn:focus, .old-print-dashboard .print-setup-confirm-btn:hover { background: rgb(0, 143, 199); cursor: pointer; }
.old-print-dashboard .print-setup-confirm-btn::after, .old-print-dashboard .print-setup-confirm-btn::before { box-sizing: border-box; }
.old-print-dashboard .print-setup-confirm-btn[disabled] { background: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(196, 196, 196); color: rgb(78, 70, 68); cursor: not-allowed; }
.print-overlay { padding: 0.5em; }
.print-overlay button { margin-top: 0.5em; background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 3px; }
.print-overlay button:focus, .print-overlay button:hover { background: rgb(0, 143, 199); cursor: pointer; }
.print-overlay button::after, .print-overlay button::before { box-sizing: border-box; }
.print-overlay button[disabled] { background: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(196, 196, 196); color: rgb(78, 70, 68); cursor: not-allowed; }
.previous-print-job { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(234, 234, 234); padding: 0.5em 0px; }
.previous-print-job-button { margin-left: 0.5em; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.2rem; border: none; padding: 0.5em; background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 3px; text-decoration: none; text-align: center; }
.previous-print-job-button:focus, .previous-print-job-button:hover { background: rgb(0, 143, 199); cursor: pointer; }
.previous-print-job-button::after, .previous-print-job-button::before { box-sizing: border-box; }
.previous-print-job-button[disabled] { background: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(196, 196, 196); color: rgb(78, 70, 68); cursor: not-allowed; }
@media print {
body.is-printing .study-outlet-content { display: none; }
body.is-printing .study-outlet-content ~ * { visibility: visible; }
}
body.is-printing .bm-menu { display: none !important; }
body.is-printing .app-controls, body.is-printing .manifest-content-print-notes .annotation-list .annotation-nav, body.is-printing .spine-entry-nav-container { display: none; }
body.is-printing .bm-outlet { margin: 0px !important; }
body.is-printing::after { content: attr(data-print-watermark); position: fixed; z-index: 501; top: 50%; transform-origin: right center; right: 0.5em; }
body.is-printing > .ember-view { height: auto; }
body.is-printing .epub-container { background: 0px 0px; width: 7.25in !important; flex: 0 0 auto !important; }
body.is-printing .manifest-content { flex: 0 0 auto; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; overflow: visible; position: relative; background: 0px 0px; width: 7.25in !important; }
body.is-printing .manifest-content-print-notes { border-top: 0.5em solid rgb(0, 106, 148); margin-top: 0.5em; }
body.is-printing .manifest-content-print-notes-heading { content: “Highlights & Notes:”; font-size: 1.5em; font-weight: 600; padding: 0.25em 0px; }
body.is-printing .manifest-content-print-notes .annotation-list .annotation-item { break-inside: avoid; }
body.is-printing .manifest-content-print-notes .annotation-list .annotation-snippet > p { height: auto; max-height: initial; margin: 0.25em 0px; }
body.is-printing .manifest-content .content-rail { top: 0px; right: -1.5em; }
body.is-printing .manifest-iframe { display: block; position: static; border: none; box-shadow: none; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; width: 7.25in !important; }
.offline-dashboard { display: flex; flex-direction: column; justify-content: space-between; padding: 0.5em 1em 1em; }
.offline-dashboard .offline-failed-heading { font-weight: 700; margin-bottom: 1em; }
.offline-dashboard .offline-failed-status { margin-bottom: 1em; }
.offline-dashboard .offline-failed-details button { transition: color 0.1s ease 0s, background 0.1s ease 0s, border-color 0.1s ease 0s; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.2rem; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 106, 148); background-color: transparent; color: rgb(0, 106, 148); padding: 0.5em; text-align: center; display: block; text-decoration: none; border-radius: 3px; }
.offline-dashboard .offline-failed-details button:focus, .offline-dashboard .offline-failed-details button:hover { background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); cursor: pointer; }
.offline-dashboard-body { margin-bottom: 3em; }
.offline-dashboard-footer { margin-bottom: 1em; }
.offline-dashboard-beta-message { background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); height: auto; padding: 0.75em; border: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); border-radius: 3px; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; font-size: 0.8em; }
.offline-dashboard-offline-heading { font-size: 1.2em; border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); padding-bottom: 0.5em; }
.offline-dashboard-offline-disclaimer { font-size: 0.8em; }
.offline-dashboard-offline-text { font-size: 0.9em; padding: 0.5em 0px; }
.offline-dashboard-device-info-list { list-style: disc; margin: 0px 1em; }
.offline-dashboard-device-info-list > li { margin-top: 1em; }
.offline-setup-heading p { margin-bottom: 1.5em; }
.offline-setup-heading .description-submenu { margin: -0.5em -1em 0px; }
.offline-setup-selection { display: flex; flex-direction: column; margin-bottom: 2em; }
.offline-setup-selection button { color: rgb(0, 106, 148); }
.offline-setup-selection .rs-toggle { transform: scale(0.6); transform-origin: right center; }
.offline-setup-selection-toggle-select-all { display: flex; padding: 0.5em; justify-content: flex-end; font-size: 1rem; align-items: center; }
.offline-setup-selection .rs-collapsible-item, .offline-setup-selection .rs-collapsible-item .rs-collapsible-item-title .rs-collapsible-item-title-control button, .offline-setup-selection .rs-collapsible-item .rs-collapsible-item-title-expanded { padding: 0px; }
.offline-setup-selection .rs-collapsible-item .rs-collapsible-item-title { flex-direction: row-reverse; }
.offline-setup-selection .rs-collapsible-item .rs-collapsible-item-title .rs-collapsible-item-title-content { display: block; }
.offline-setup-selection .rs-collapsible-item .rs-collapsible-item-title .rs-collapsible-item-title-control { align-self: center; }
.offline-setup-selection .rs-collapsible-item .rs-collapsible-item-content .offline-setup-selection-toggle { margin-left: 10%; }
.offline-setup-selection > .offline-setup-selection-toggle.indent { margin-left: 6%; }
.offline-setup-selection-toggle { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; padding: 0.5em; border-bottom: 1px solid gray; font-size: 0.8rem; align-items: center; }
.offline-setup-selection-toggle-left { width: 50%; line-height: normal; }
.offline-limited-message-button, .offline-session button, .offline-setup-selection-summary-confirm, .page-not-found-button { line-height: 1.2rem; text-decoration: none; box-sizing: border-box; }
.offline-setup-selection-toggle-right { display: flex; align-items: center; }
.offline-setup-selection-summary { margin-bottom: 1em; }
.offline-setup-selection-summary p { text-align: center; }
.offline-setup-selection-summary p.exceeded { font-weight: 700; color: rgb(194, 1, 20); text-align: start; }
.offline-setup-selection-summary-confirm { margin-top: 1em; width: 100%; font-size: 1rem; border: none; padding: 0.5em; background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; }
.offline-setup-selection-summary-confirm:focus, .offline-setup-selection-summary-confirm:hover { background: rgb(0, 143, 199); cursor: pointer; }
.offline-setup-selection-summary-confirm::after, .offline-setup-selection-summary-confirm::before { box-sizing: border-box; }
.offline-setup-selection-summary-confirm[disabled] { background: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(196, 196, 196); color: rgb(78, 70, 68); cursor: not-allowed; }
.offline-setup-selection-summary-confirm-description { font-size: 0.8em; padding: 0.25em 0.5em; }
.offline-session div.active-offline-session { margin-bottom: 1.5em; }
.offline-session div.active-offline-session .description-submenu { margin: -0.5em -1em 0px; }
.offline-session .offline-progress { margin-bottom: 1.5em; }
.offline-session ul { list-style: outside; padding-left: 1em; padding-top: 0.5em; }
.offline-session strong { font-weight: 700; }
.offline-session button { transition: color 0.1s ease 0s, background 0.1s ease 0s, border-color 0.1s ease 0s; font-size: 1rem; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 106, 148); background-color: transparent; color: rgb(0, 106, 148); padding: 0.5em; text-align: center; display: block; border-radius: 3px; width: 100%; }
.offline-session button:focus, .offline-session button:hover { background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); cursor: pointer; }
.offline-limited-message { display: flex; flex-direction: column; }
.offline-limited-message-header { background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); font-size: 2.5em; font-weight: 200; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); padding: 0.75em 0.5em; }
.offline-limited-message-text { overflow-y: auto; text-align: center; padding: 0.5em; }
.offline-limited-message-label { font-weight: 600; }
.offline-limited-message-button { font-size: 1rem; border: none; padding: 0.5em; background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; margin-top: 2em; width: 100%; }
.offline-limited-message-button:focus, .offline-limited-message-button:hover { background: rgb(0, 143, 199); cursor: pointer; }
.offline-limited-message-button::after, .offline-limited-message-button::before { box-sizing: border-box; }
.offline-limited-message-button[disabled] { background: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(196, 196, 196); color: rgb(78, 70, 68); cursor: not-allowed; }
.offline-progress { max-width: 95%; z-index: 1; }
.offline-progress-status { width: 100%; }
.offline-progress-status-hide { display: flex; justify-content: flex-end; overflow: visible; height: 0px; }
.offline-progress-status-hide-button { padding: 0.2rem; }
.offline-progress-status-hide-button .svg-icon { width: 1rem; height: 1rem; }
.offline-progress-status-heading { flex: 1 1 0%; margin-bottom: 1em; }
.offline-progress-status-heading-chapter-list { list-style: outside; padding-left: 1em; padding-top: 0.5em; }
.offline-progress-status-bar { display: flex; height: 1.5em; width: 30em; max-width: 100%; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250); border-radius: 4em; overflow: hidden; border: 1px solid rgb(64, 58, 56); }
.offline-progress-status-bar-heading { font-weight: 700; margin-bottom: 0.5em; }
.offline-progress-status-bar-completed { background-color: rgb(93, 129, 77); border: none; transition: width 0.3s ease 0s; }
.offline-progress-status .offline-download-complete p { padding: 0.3em 0px; }
@media (max-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1023px) {
.offline-progress-status { font-size: 0.7em; padding-bottom: 0.25em; }
.offline-progress-percent { font-size: 1em; }
}
.page-not-found { display: flex; flex-direction: column; }
.page-not-found-header { background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); font-size: 2.5em; font-weight: 200; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); padding: 0.75em 0.5em; }
.page-not-found-text { overflow-y: auto; text-align: center; padding: 0.5em; }
.page-not-found-label { font-weight: 600; }
.page-not-found-button { font-size: 1rem; border: none; padding: 0.5em; background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; margin-top: 2em; width: 100%; }
.page-not-found-button:focus, .page-not-found-button:hover { background: rgb(0, 143, 199); cursor: pointer; }
.page-not-found-button::after, .page-not-found-button::before { box-sizing: border-box; }
.page-not-found-button[disabled] { background: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(196, 196, 196); color: rgb(78, 70, 68); cursor: not-allowed; }
.page-not-found-options { margin-top: 1em; }
.page-not-found-dropdown { margin-top: 0.5em; font-size: 1.2em; min-width: 30%; padding: 0.22em; }
.page-not-found-select button, .page-range-selector button { font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.2rem; text-decoration: none; box-sizing: border-box; }
.page-not-found-select button { border: none; padding: 0.5em; background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; margin-left: 0.5em; }
.page-not-found-select button:focus, .page-not-found-select button:hover { background: rgb(0, 143, 199); cursor: pointer; }
.page-not-found-select button::after, .page-not-found-select button::before { box-sizing: border-box; }
.page-not-found-select button[disabled] { background: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(196, 196, 196); color: rgb(78, 70, 68); cursor: not-allowed; }
.feedback-form-button, .page-range-selector button { transition: color 0.1s ease 0s, background 0.1s ease 0s, border-color 0.1s ease 0s; color: rgb(0, 106, 148); }
.page-range-selector { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; }
.page-range-selector-options { display: flex; align-items: flex-end; }
.page-range-selector-divider { margin: 0px 0.5em; padding-bottom: 2px; }
.page-range-selector select { font-size: 1.2em; min-width: 3em; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; flex: 1 1 0%; max-width: 4.5em; }
.page-range-selector button { border: 1px solid rgb(0, 106, 148); background-color: transparent; padding: 0.5em; text-align: center; display: block; border-radius: 3px; }
.page-range-selector button:focus, .page-range-selector button:hover { background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); cursor: pointer; }
.page-range-selector-label { display: block; color: rgb(78, 70, 68); font-size: 0.8em; padding-left: 2px; padding-bottom: 2px; }
.introjs-overlay, .ncx-entry-with-list-no-results, .ncx-entry-with-list:not(.ncx-entry-with-list-no-results) ~ .annotation-list-no-results { display: none; }
.introjs-helperLayer { background: 0px 0px; }
#right-rail-intro { position: absolute; right: 10px; top: 10%; width: 24px; height: 80%; z-index: -1; }
.usage-bar-main { width: 100%; margin-top: 0.5em; }
.usage-bar-main .usage-bar { width: 100%; height: 1em; border-radius: 0.5em; overflow: hidden; display: flex; border: 1px solid rgb(64, 58, 56); box-shadow: rgb(196, 196, 196) 0px 0px 3px; }
.usage-bar-main .usage-bar .current-drm { background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); }
.usage-bar-main .usage-bar .new-drm { min-width: 1.25em; margin-left: -1px; border-left: 1px solid rgb(51, 46, 44); background: repeating-linear-gradient(45deg, rgb(234, 234, 234), rgb(234, 234, 234) 1px, rgb(0, 106, 148) 2px, rgb(0, 106, 148) 3px); transition: width 0.3s ease 0s; }
.usage-bar-main .usage-bar .available-drm { margin-left: -1px; margin-right: -1px; border-left: 1px solid rgb(51, 46, 44); background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250); flex: 1 1 0%; }
.usage-bar-main .usage-legend { display: flex; flex-direction: column; margin-top: 0.5em; }
.usage-bar-main .usage-legend .key { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; margin: 0.1em 0.8em 0.3em; }
.usage-bar-main .usage-legend .key .key-color { height: 1em; width: 1em; border-radius: 50%; align-self: center; margin-right: 0.5em; box-shadow: rgb(196, 196, 196) 0px 0px 3px; border: 1px solid rgb(78, 70, 68); }
.usage-bar-main .usage-legend .key .key-sub { display: flex; }
.usage-bar-main .usage-legend .key .key-percent, .usage-bar-main .usage-legend .key .key-text { align-self: center; font-size: 0.8em; }
.usage-bar-main .usage-legend .key.current .key-color { background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); }
.usage-bar-main .usage-legend .key.new .key-color { background: repeating-linear-gradient(45deg, rgb(234, 234, 234), rgb(234, 234, 234) 1px, rgb(0, 106, 148) 2px, rgb(0, 106, 148) 3px); }
.usage-bar-main .usage-legend .key.available .key-color { background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250); }
.ncx-entry-with-list-label { padding: 0.5em 1em; font-size: 0.9em; background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); color: rgb(64, 58, 56); border-width: 1px 0px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border-image: initial; }
.ncx-entry-with-list-label.no-parent { padding: 0.75em 1em; font-weight: 600; }
.ncx-entry-with-list-items, .page-dropdown { padding: 0.5em 1em; }
.page-dropdown { position: absolute; display: flex; flex-direction: column; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: rgb(196, 196, 196) 0px 0px 3px; top: 4em; left: 2em; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); }
.page-dropdown.is-focused { clip: initial; z-index: 501; }
.page-dropdown-container { display: flex; margin-top: 0.5em; }
.page-dropdown-container button { box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.2rem; border: none; padding: 0.5em; background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 3px; text-decoration: none; text-align: center; margin-left: 0.5em; }
.page-dropdown-container button:focus, .page-dropdown-container button:hover { background: rgb(0, 143, 199); cursor: pointer; }
.page-dropdown-container button::after, .page-dropdown-container button::before { box-sizing: border-box; }
.page-dropdown-container button[disabled] { background: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(196, 196, 196); color: rgb(78, 70, 68); cursor: not-allowed; }
.page-dropdown-select { font-size: 1.25em; flex-grow: 1; }
.feedback-form { display: flex; flex-direction: column; }
.feedback-form-header { background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); font-weight: 200; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); padding: 0.5em; font-size: 1.5em; display: flex; justify-content: space-between; }
.feedback-form-button, .feedback-form-close { font-size: 1rem; width: 100%; line-height: 1.2rem; text-decoration: none; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box; }
.feedback-form-text { overflow-y: auto; text-align: center; padding: 0.5em; width: 100%; }
.feedback-form-label { font-weight: 600; }
.feedback-form-text-thanks { margin: 3em; }
.feedback-form-exit { background: 0px 0px; border: none; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; }
.feedback-form-exit .svg-icon { height: 1rem; width: 1rem; }
.feedback-form-exit .svg-icon * { stroke: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.feedback-form-button { border: 1px solid rgb(0, 106, 148); background-color: transparent; display: block; border-radius: 3px; padding: 0.25em 0px; }
.feedback-form-button:focus, .feedback-form-button:hover { background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); cursor: pointer; }
.feedback-form-button .svg-icon * { stroke: none; fill: rgb(0, 106, 148); }
.feedback-form-button-content { display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center; }
.feedback-form-button-content-text { margin-left: 0.5em; }
.feedback-form-button:hover .svg-icon * { fill: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.feedback-form .svg-icon { fill: rgb(255, 255, 255); stroke-width: 0; }
.feedback-form .svg-icon:hover { fill: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.feedback-form-icon { border: none; background-color: transparent; }
.feedback-form-icon .svg-icon * { stroke: none; fill: rgb(78, 70, 68); }
.feedback-form-icon:hover .svg-icon * { fill: rgb(0, 106, 148); }
.feedback-form-close { border: none; padding: 0.5em; background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 3px; }
.feedback-form-close:focus, .feedback-form-close:hover { background: rgb(0, 143, 199); cursor: pointer; }
.feedback-form-close::after, .feedback-form-close::before { box-sizing: border-box; }
.feedback-form-close[disabled] { background: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(196, 196, 196); color: rgb(78, 70, 68); cursor: not-allowed; }
.feedback-form-cancel { font-size: 12px; color: rgb(0, 106, 148); background: 0px 0px; border: none; margin-left: 90%; }
.feedback-form-iframe { width: 100%; }
.survey-monkey-survey { width: 100%; height: 425px; }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.survey-monkey-survey { height: 400px; }
}
.collaboration-menu { display: flex; flex-direction: column; height: 100%; }
.collaboration-menu-header { padding: 0.5rem; }
.collaboration-menu-mode { padding: 0.5rem; border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); }
.collaboration-menu-mode-inner { display: flex; }
.collaboration-menu-mode-inner > * { flex: 1 1 0%; }
.collaboration-menu-mode input[type=”radio”] { clip: rect(0px, 0px, 0px, 0px); opacity: 0; position: absolute; }
.collaboration-menu-mode input[type=”radio”]:checked + label { background: rgb(37, 33, 32); border-color: rgb(37, 33, 32); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.collaboration-menu-mode input[type=”radio”]:focus + label { z-index: 1; outline: rgb(94, 158, 214) solid 3px; }
.collaboration-menu-mode input[type=”radio”]:active:not(:checked) + label { background: rgb(250, 250, 250); text-decoration: underline; }
.collaboration-menu-mode-label { text-align: center; color: rgb(37, 33, 32); border-color: rgb(37, 33, 32); border-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; cursor: pointer; padding: 0.25em 0px; }
.collaboration-menu-mode-label:first-of-type { border-left-width: 1px; border-radius: 3px 0px 0px 3px; }
.collaboration-menu-mode-label:last-of-type { border-radius: 0px 3px 3px 0px; }
.collaboration-menu-mode-label:focus { outline: rgba(3, 102, 180, 0.7) solid 3px; }
.collaboration-menu-mode [role=”tab”] { display: flex; }
.collaboration-menu-mode [role=”tab”] .collaboration-menu-mode-label { flex: 1 1 0%; }
.collaboration-menu-mode [role=”tab”]:first-of-type .collaboration-menu-mode-label { border-radius: 3px 0px 0px 3px; border-left-width: 1px; }
.collaboration-menu-mode [role=”tab”]:last-of-type .collaboration-menu-mode-label { border-radius: 0px 3px 3px 0px; border-left-width: 0px; }
.collaboration-menu-membership-list { flex: 1 1 0%; overflow: auto; background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); padding: 1rem; }
.create-collaboration-group-form, .subscribe-to-group-form { flex-direction: column; display: flex; }
.collaboration-menu-membership-list li { margin: 0.5em 0px; }
.collaboration-menu-membership-list-no-content { padding-top: 1em; }
.collaboration-menu-membership-list-no-content-heading { color: rgb(64, 58, 56); padding: 1.5em 1em; font-size: 1.2em; font-weight: 600; }
.collaboration-menu-membership-list-no-content-text { background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); height: auto; font-size: 1.1em; margin: 0px 1em; padding: 0.75em; border: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); border-radius: 3px; }
.create-collaboration-group-form-heading, .subscribe-to-group-form-heading { margin-bottom: 1rem; font-weight: 600; }
.subscribe-to-group { padding: 1em; border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); }
.subscribe-to-group-form-input[type=”text”] { font-size: 1rem; padding: 0.25em; border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); }
.subscribe-to-group-form-input-label { font-weight: 600; font-size: 0.8rem; }
.subscribe-to-group-form-action { margin-top: 1em; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.2rem; border: none; padding: 0.5em; background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 3px; text-decoration: none; text-align: center; }
.subscribe-to-group-form-action:focus, .subscribe-to-group-form-action:hover { background: rgb(0, 143, 199); cursor: pointer; }
.subscribe-to-group-form-action::after, .subscribe-to-group-form-action::before { box-sizing: border-box; }
.subscribe-to-group-form-action[disabled] { background: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(196, 196, 196); color: rgb(78, 70, 68); cursor: not-allowed; }
.create-collaboration-group { border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); padding: 1em; }
.create-collaboration-group-form-input[type=”text”] { font-size: 1rem; padding: 0.25em; border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); }
.create-collaboration-group-form-input-label { font-weight: 600; font-size: 0.8rem; }
.create-collaboration-group-form-action { margin: 1em 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.2rem; border: none; padding: 0.5em; background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 3px; text-decoration: none; text-align: center; }
.create-collaboration-group-form-action:focus, .create-collaboration-group-form-action:hover { background: rgb(0, 143, 199); cursor: pointer; }
.create-collaboration-group-form-action::after, .create-collaboration-group-form-action::before { box-sizing: border-box; }
.create-collaboration-group-form-action[disabled] { background: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(196, 196, 196); color: rgb(78, 70, 68); cursor: not-allowed; }
.collaboration-group-details { border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); padding: 1em; display: flex; flex-direction: column; }
.collaboration-group-details-heading { margin-bottom: 1rem; font-weight: 600; }
.collaboration-group-details-name { margin-bottom: 1em; }
.collaboration-group-details-code-label, .collaboration-group-details-name-label { font-weight: 600; font-size: 0.8rem; }
.collaboration-group-details-code-details { justify-content: space-between; display: flex; align-items: center; background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); height: auto; font-size: 1.1em; padding: 0.75em; border: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); border-radius: 3px; margin: 0.25rem 0px; }
.collaboration-group-details-code-details-text { flex: 1 1 0%; font-size: 1.4rem; }
.collaboration-group-details-code-info { font-size: 0.8rem; }
.collaboration-group-details-action { margin: 1em 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.2rem; border: none; padding: 0.5em; background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 3px; text-decoration: none; text-align: center; }
.collaboration-group-details-action:focus, .collaboration-group-details-action:hover { background: rgb(0, 143, 199); cursor: pointer; }
.collaboration-group-details-action::after, .collaboration-group-details-action::before { box-sizing: border-box; }
.collaboration-group-details-action[disabled] { background: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(196, 196, 196); color: rgb(78, 70, 68); cursor: not-allowed; }
.collaboration-badge-heading { width: 100%; font-size: 0.9em; flex: 1 1 0%; margin: 0px 0.25em 0.25em; }
.collaboration-badge-name { overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; display: block; font-size: 1.2em; max-width: 220px; }
.membership-info, .tts-controls { display: flex; align-items: center; }
@media (max-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1023px) {
.collaboration-badge-heading { font-size: 0.8em; }
.collaboration-badge-name { overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; font-size: 1em; }
}
.collaboration-popup { display: flex; flex-direction: column; justify-content: space-between; padding: 0.5em; }
.collaboration-popup-text { background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); height: auto; border: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); border-radius: 3px; width: 16rem; max-width: 18rem; margin: 0px auto 0.5em; font-size: 0.9em; padding: 0.25em 0.5em; }
.collaboration-popup-close-button { box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.2rem; border: 1px none; padding: 0.5em; background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 3px; text-decoration: none; text-align: center; width: 100%; font-size: 0.9em; }
.collaboration-popup-close-button:focus, .collaboration-popup-close-button:hover { background: rgb(0, 143, 199); cursor: pointer; }
.collaboration-popup-close-button::after, .collaboration-popup-close-button::before { box-sizing: border-box; }
.collaboration-popup-close-button[disabled] { background: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(196, 196, 196); color: rgb(78, 70, 68); cursor: not-allowed; }
.membership-info { padding: 0.5em; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.membership-info-options-view, .membership-information-button { line-height: 1.2rem; background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: none; }
.membership-info-details { flex: 1 1 0%; overflow: hidden; }
.membership-info-details-name { color: rgb(10, 9, 9); }
.membership-info-details-description { color: rgb(119, 107, 104); font-weight: 300; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; }
.membership-info-options { margin-left: 0.5em; }
.membership-info-options-view { font-size: 1rem; border: none; padding: 0.5em; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 3px; }
.membership-info-options-view:focus, .membership-info-options-view:hover { background: rgb(0, 143, 199); cursor: pointer; }
.membership-info-options-view::after, .membership-info-options-view::before { box-sizing: border-box; }
.membership-info-options-view[disabled] { background: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(196, 196, 196); color: rgb(78, 70, 68); cursor: not-allowed; }
.membership-information { color: rgb(64, 58, 56); font-size: 1.2em; font-weight: 600; padding: 1rem; border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); }
.membership-information-label { font-size: 0.8rem; }
.membership-information-group-name { overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; max-height: 5rem; margin-bottom: 0.5rem; }
.membership-information-button { font-size: 1rem; border: none; padding: 0.5em; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 3px; width: 100%; }
.membership-information-button:focus, .membership-information-button:hover { background: rgb(0, 143, 199); cursor: pointer; }
.membership-information-button::after, .membership-information-button::before { box-sizing: border-box; }
.membership-information-button[disabled] { background: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(196, 196, 196); color: rgb(78, 70, 68); cursor: not-allowed; }
.collaboration-group-annotations .annotation-search { padding: 1rem; border-top: none; }
.collaboration-group-annotations-loading { padding-top: 8rem; }
.tts-controls { padding: 0.25rem; height: 100%; border-left: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); }
.tts-controls-button:active > svg, .tts-controls-button:disabled > svg, .tts-controls-button:focus > svg, .tts-controls-button:hover > svg, .tts-controls-button > svg { max-height: 1.5rem; max-width: 1.5rem; }
.tts-controls-button:active > svg path, .tts-controls-button:disabled > svg path, .tts-controls-button:focus > svg path, .tts-controls-button:hover > svg path, .tts-controls-button > svg path { fill: none; }
.tts-controls > .tts-controls-button { margin: 0px 0.25rem 0px 0.75rem; }
@media screen and (max-width: 400px) {
.tts-controls .hide-on-small-screens { display: none; }
}
.tts-controls-menu { position: absolute; right: 2rem; left: 2rem; bottom: -0.25rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: flex-end; height: 0px; overflow: visible; }
@media screen and (max-width: 400px) {
.tts-controls-menu { right: 0.25rem; }
}
.tts-controls-menu > div { background: rgb(251, 251, 251); height: 3.5rem; min-height: 3.5rem; display: flex; flex-direction: row; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: rgb(59, 59, 59) 0px 0px 3px; padding: 0.5rem 0px 0.5rem 1rem; }
.tts-controls-menu > div > div { display: flex; flex-direction: row; align-items: center; }
.tts-controls-menu > div > div > button.rs-box-link:disabled, .tts-controls-menu > div > div > button.rs-button:disabled { color: rgb(116, 116, 116); }
.tts-controls-menu > div > div > button > svg { margin-top: 0.2rem; }
.tts-controls-menu > div > div > button.close-menu-desktop { margin-right: 1.75rem; }
.tts-controls-menu > div > div > button.close-menu-desktop > svg { max-height: 1.125rem; max-width: 1.125rem; }
.tts-controls-menu > div > div > .rs-input-range { margin: 0px 1.75rem 0px 0px; width: 6.5rem; }
.tts-controls-menu > div > div > .rs-input-range > .rs-input-range-label { font-family: “Source Sans Pro”, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.8rem; font-weight: 400; height: 1rem; line-height: 1rem; }
.tts-controls-menu > div > div > .rs-input-range:first-of-type { margin-left: 0.75rem; }
.tts-controls .close-menu-mobile, .tts-controls .close-menu-mobile::after, .tts-controls .close-menu-mobile::before { display: none; }
.tts-controls .close-menu-mobile > svg { max-height: 0.75rem; max-width: 0.75rem; }
@media (max-width: 1024px) {
.tts-controls-menu > div { flex-direction: column; justify-content: center; height: 7rem; min-height: 7rem; padding: 0.5rem; }
.tts-controls-menu > div > .tts-menu-buttons { justify-content: center; margin-bottom: 0.5rem; padding: 0px 1.2rem 0px 0.4rem; }
.tts-controls-menu > div > .tts-menu-buttons > .rs-box-link:not(:last-child), .tts-controls-menu > div > .tts-menu-buttons > .rs-button:not(:last-child) { margin-right: 0.85rem; }
.tts-controls-menu > div > .tts-menu-sliders { justify-content: center; }
.tts-controls .close-menu-desktop { display: none; }
.tts-controls .close-menu-mobile { display: block; position: absolute; top: 0px; right: 0px; margin: 0.5rem; }
}
.tts-settings { padding: 0px 1rem 1rem; }
.tts-settings .description-submenu { margin: 0px -1rem 0.5rem; }
.tts-settings .rs-input-range input { margin: 0px; }
.tts-settings .rs-dropdown { margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.tts-settings-heading { font-size: 1rem; font-weight: 600; line-height: 2rem; }
.experimental-feature-overview, .tts-settings-instructions { font-family: “Source Sans Pro”, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 1.25rem; font-weight: 400; }
.tts-settings-instructions { font-size: 0.8rem; }
.workshop-menu { padding: 0.5rem 1rem 0px; }
.workshop-menu-heading { margin-bottom: 0.5rem; }
.workshop-menu-heading-message { background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); height: auto; font-size: 1.1em; padding: 0.75em; border: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); border-radius: 3px; margin: 0px; }
.experimental-feature { border: 2px solid rgb(237, 237, 237); margin-bottom: 0.5rem; padding: 0.5rem; color: rgb(59, 59, 59); }
.experimental-feature-overview { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; margin-right: 0.5rem; font-size: 0.8rem; }
.experimental-feature-settings { padding-top: 0.5rem; }
.experimental-feature-heading { font-size: 1rem; font-weight: 600; line-height: 2rem; }
.rs-toggle { display: flex; flex-direction: column; }
.rs-toggle.tile { border: 1px solid rgb(209, 209, 209); }
.rs-toggle.list .rs-toggle-header { background-color: transparent; justify-content: space-between; }
.rs-toggle-header { display: flex; flex-direction: row; width: 100%; padding: 0.5em; justify-content: flex-end; align-items: center; background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(209, 209, 209); }
.rs-toggle-switch-container { padding-left: 0.5em; }
.rs-toggle-switch { position: relative; width: 7.5em; user-select: none; font-size: 0.55em; }
.rs-toggle-switch-checkbox { position: absolute; top: -9999px; left: -9999px; }
.rs-toggle-switch-checkbox:focus + .rs-toggle-switch-label { outline: highlight solid 2px; }
@media (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 0) {
.rs-toggle-switch-checkbox:focus + .rs-toggle-switch-label { outline-color: -webkit-focus-ring-color; outline-style: auto; }
}
.rs-toggle-switch-label { display: block; overflow: hidden; cursor: pointer; border: 2px solid rgb(78, 70, 68); border-radius: 30px; transition-delay: 0.3s; transition-property: border-color; }
.rs-toggle-switch-inner { display: block; width: 200%; margin-left: -100%; transition: margin 0.3s ease-in 0s; }
.rs-toggle-switch-inner::after, .rs-toggle-switch-inner::before { display: block; float: left; width: 50%; height: 3em; padding: 0px; line-height: 3em; font-size: 1em; box-sizing: border-box; }
.rs-toggle-switch-inner::before { padding-left: 1em; color: rgb(0, 106, 148); }
.rs-toggle-switch-switch { display: block; width: 1.6em; height: 1.6em; margin: 0.7em; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); position: absolute; right: 4em; border: 2px solid rgb(78, 70, 68); border-radius: 20px; transition: all 0.3s ease-in 0s; }
.rs-toggle-switch-checkbox:checked + .rs-toggle-switch-label { border-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); }
.rs-toggle-switch-checkbox:checked + .rs-toggle-switch-label .rs-toggle-switch-inner { margin-left: 0px; }
.rs-toggle-switch-checkbox:checked + .rs-toggle-switch-label .rs-toggle-switch-switch { right: 0px; background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.rs-toggle-switch-inner::before { content: “”; background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); }
.rs-toggle-switch-inner::after { padding-right: 1em; color: rgb(78, 70, 68); text-align: right; content: “”; background-color: transparent; }
.rs-toggle-yield-container { border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 100%; }
.list-manager-menu { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; padding-bottom: 0.25em; }
.list-manager-menu-heading { font-weight: 600; color: rgb(37, 33, 32); }
.list-manager-menu-edit { appearance: none; color: rgb(0, 88, 123); background: 0px 0px; border: none; text-decoration: underline; font-size: 0.8rem; }
.list-item-editor { border: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); display: flex; position: relative; }
.list-item-editor-options { height: 100%; position: absolute; z-index: 0; transition: width 0.3s ease 0s; border-right: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); }
.list-item-editor-options button { transition: opacity 0.3s ease 0s; cursor: pointer; background: rgb(194, 1, 20); border: none; border-radius: 0px; height: 100%; padding: 0px 1em; margin: 0px; }
.list-item-editor-options button .svg-icon { stroke-width: 1.25; fill: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.list-item-editor-options button .svg-icon > *, .list-item-editor-options button:hover:not([disabled]) .svg-icon > * { stroke: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.list-item-editor-options button[disabled] { opacity: 0.75; cursor: not-allowed; }
.list-item-editor-options button:focus, .list-item-editor-options button:hover { background-color: rgb(245, 1, 25); }
.list-item-editor-content { width: 100%; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow: hidden; }
.list-item-editor-content > * { position: relative; z-index: 0; transition: left 0.3s ease 0s; left: 0px; }
.list-item-editor.is-editing .list-item-editor-options { transition-delay: 0.3s; z-index: auto; }
.list-item-editor.is-editing .list-item-editor-content a, .list-item-editor.is-editing .list-item-editor-content button, .list-item-editor.is-editing .list-item-editor-content input { visibility: hidden; }
.list-item-editor.is-editing .list-item-editor-content > * { left: 3.75em; }
.activity-details { padding: 1rem; }
.activity-details-header { font-weight: 600; }
.activity-details-section { display: flex; margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.activity-details-section-time { border-right: 1px solid rgb(59, 59, 59); }
.activity-details-section-annotations, .activity-details-section-time { width: 50%; text-align: center; padding: 1rem; }
.activity-details-section-annotations-subheader, .activity-details-section-time-subheader { color: rgb(59, 59, 59); }
.activity-details-section-annotations-statistic, .activity-details-section-time-statistic { font-size: 1.5rem; font-weight: 600; line-height: 3rem; }
.course-materials-main-item-content-questions-value, .rsc-student-dashboard .assignment-info .assignment-details-value, .student-list-course-title, .student-list-section { font-size: 1.5625rem; font-family: “Source Sans Pro”, Arial, sans-serif; }
.student-list { margin: 1rem; }
.student-list-course-title { line-height: 1.75rem; font-weight: 400; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.student-list-section { line-height: 1.75rem; font-weight: 800; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.student-list-count { text-align: center; margin-bottom: 2.5rem; }
.classroom-content { height: 100%; }
.classroom-pending-assignment-warning { margin: 0px 0.3ch; vertical-align: -0.1em; }
.classroom-pending-assignment-warning__icon { height: 1em; }
.classroom-pending-assignment-warning__icon > :first-child { fill: gold; }
.reading-assignment-chapter-selector–root-level { border: 1px solid gray; }
.reading-assignment-chapter-selector__entry[data-level=”0″]:not(:last-child) { border-bottom: 1px solid gray; }
.reading-assignment-chapter-selector__layout { align-items: center; display: flex; padding: 0.5em 1em; }
.reading-assignment-chapter-selector__expander { flex: 0 0 1.1em; padding: 0.3em; margin-right: 0.2em; transition: transform 0.2s ease 0s; }
.reading-assignment-chapter-selector__expander:not([data-has-children]) { visibility: hidden; }
.reading-assignment-chapter-selector__expander > svg { display: block; }
.reading-assignment-chapter-selector__ncx-entry-label { flex: 1 1 50%; }
.reading-assignment-chapter-selector__pages { flex: 1 1 25%; }
.reading-assignment-chapter-selector__add-or-remove { flex: 1 1 auto; }
.reading-assignment-chapter-selector__added-feedback { display: inline-block; margin: 0.5em 0px; }
.reading-assignment-chapter-selector__added-icon { fill: rgb(93, 129, 77); vertical-align: -0.1em; }
.rs-classroom .publisher-questions__export-link { margin-bottom: 0.2rem; margin-right: 1rem; }
.tutorial-banner { display: flex; padding: 0.75em 2em; background: rgb(255, 242, 225); height: auto; align-items: center; }
.tutorial-banner-text { text-align: center; flex: 1 1 0%; }
.tutorial-banner-button svg { height: 1em; }
.tutorial-banner-button svg path { stroke-width: 4px; }
.tutorial-banner:not(:first-child) { border-top: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); }
.rs-range-dropdowns { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; flex-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 1em; }
.rs-range-dropdowns .rs-dropdown { width: 42%; }
.rs-range-dropdowns-remove { align-items: flex-end; display: flex; }
.rs-range-dropdowns-remove svg { width: 2em; }
.question-mover__card { max-width: 70vw; width: 70ch; }
.question-mover__error { color: red; font-weight: 700; }
.question-mover__list { border: 1px solid; margin-top: 0.5em; max-height: 20em; overflow: auto; padding: 0.5em; }
.question-mover__question { margin-bottom: 0.5em; }
.question-mover__question-checkbox { align-items: baseline; display: flex; }
.classroom-navbar__dropdown-with-arrow { align-self: stretch; display: flex; flex-direction: column; }
.classroom-navbar__dropdown-with-arrow > .rs-navbar-dropdown-trigger { align-items: center; display: flex; flex: 1 1 0%; flex-direction: row-reverse; justify-content: flex-end; }
.classroom-navbar__dropdown-with-arrow > .rs-navbar-dropdown-trigger > svg { align-self: center; height: 0.8rem; margin-left: 0.4rem; width: 0.8rem; }
.classroom-navbar__dropdown-with-arrow > .rs-navbar-dropdown-trigger > svg:hover > path, .classroom-navbar__dropdown-with-arrow > .rs-navbar-dropdown-trigger > svg > path { fill: currentcolor; }
.classroom-navbar__divider { align-self: stretch; background-color: rgb(178, 178, 178); height: 2em; margin: 1rem 0px; width: 1px; }
.classroom-navbar__spacer { flex: 1 1 0%; }
.rs-classroom header.rs-navbar { z-index: 500; }
.classroom-impersonation-indicator { text-align: center; }
.classroom-impersonation-indicator__label { background: rgb(247, 247, 247); display: inline-block; padding: 0.5em; }
.rs-text-editor-froala strong, .user-authored-html strong { font-weight: 700; }
.rs-text-editor-froala h1, .rs-text-editor-froala h2, .rs-text-editor-froala h3, .rs-text-editor-froala h4, .rs-text-editor-froala ol, .rs-text-editor-froala p, .rs-text-editor-froala ul, .user-authored-html h1, .user-authored-html h2, .user-authored-html h3, .user-authored-html h4, .user-authored-html ol, .user-authored-html p, .user-authored-html ul { margin: 1em 0px; }
.rs-text-editor-froala ol, .rs-text-editor-froala ul, .user-authored-html ol, .user-authored-html ul { margin-left: 2em; }
.rs-text-editor-froala ul, .user-authored-html ul { list-style: disc; }
.rs-text-editor-froala ul ul, .user-authored-html ul ul { list-style: circle; }
.rs-text-editor-froala ol, .user-authored-html ol { list-style: decimal; }
.rs-text-editor-froala ol ol, .user-authored-html ol ol { list-style: lower-latin; }
.rs-text-editor-froala a:link, .user-authored-html a:link { color: rgb(2, 89, 204); }
.rs-text-editor-froala img, .user-authored-html img { max-width: 100%; }
.rs-text-editor-froala h1, .rs-text-editor-froala h2, .rs-text-editor-froala h3, .rs-text-editor-froala h4, .user-authored-html h1, .user-authored-html h2, .user-authored-html h3, .user-authored-html h4 { font-weight: 700; }
.rs-text-editor-froala h1, .user-authored-html h1 { font-size: 2em; }
.rs-text-editor-froala h2, .user-authored-html h2 { font-size: 1.75em; }
.rs-text-editor-froala h3, .user-authored-html h3 { font-size: 1.5em; }
.rs-text-editor-froala h4, .user-authored-html h4 { font-size: 1.25em; }
.rs-text-editor-froala > .fr-view > :first-child, .user-authored-html > .fr-view > :first-child { margin-top: 0px; }
.rs-text-editor-froala > .fr-view > :last-child, .user-authored-html > .fr-view > :last-child { margin-bottom: 0px; }
.display-options .description-submenu, .language .description-submenu { margin: 0px -1rem 0.5rem; }
.user-authored-html__video-aspect-ratio { –aspect-ratio:16/9; display: inline-block; max-width: 100%; position: relative; }
.user-authored-html__video-aspect-ratio::before { content: “”; display: block; padding-top: calc(100% / (var(–aspect-ratio))); }
.user-authored-html__video-aspect-ratio > iframe { display: block; height: 100%; left: 0px; max-height: 100%; max-width: 100%; position: absolute; top: 0px; width: 100%; }
.display-options { padding: 0px 1rem 1rem; color: rgb(78, 70, 68); }
.display-options-personal-view { border: 2px solid rgb(237, 237, 237); margin-bottom: 0.5rem; padding: 0.5rem; display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; font-size: 0.8rem; line-height: 1.25rem; }
.classroom-settings-setting, .keyboard-shortcuts-toggle { justify-content: space-between; line-height: 1.25rem; display: flex; }
.display-options-personal-view-label { font-size: 1rem; font-weight: 700; }
.display-options-reset { padding-top: 1.5rem; padding-bottom: 1rem; }
.keyboard-shortcuts { color: rgb(78, 70, 68); }
.keyboard-shortcuts-toggle { padding: 1.5rem; align-items: center; font-size: 0.8rem; }
.keyboard-shortcuts-toggle-label { font-size: 1rem; font-weight: 600; }
.classroom-settings { padding: 1rem 1rem 0px; color: rgb(78, 70, 68); }
.classroom-settings-setting { border: 2px solid rgb(237, 237, 237); margin-bottom: 0.5rem; padding: 0.5rem; flex-direction: column; align-items: center; font-size: 0.8rem; }
.classroom-settings-setting-label { font-size: 1rem; font-weight: 700; }
.classroom-settings-setting-description { padding-right: 0.25rem; }
.classroom-settings-setting .outer { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; }
.classroom-settings .annotation-details-color-options { padding-bottom: 0.5em; }
.announcement-banner { display: flex; padding: 0.75em 2em; background: rgb(255, 242, 225); height: auto; align-items: center; }
.announcement-banner-text { text-align: center; flex: 1 1 0%; }
.announcement-banner-button svg { height: 1em; }
.announcement-banner-button svg path { stroke-width: 4px; }
.announcement-banner:not(:first-child) { border-top: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); }
.language { padding: 0px 1rem 1rem; color: rgb(78, 70, 68); }
.language-reset { padding-top: 1.5rem; padding-bottom: 1rem; }
.spine-entry-nav-container { display: flex; position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; width: 100%; height: 100%; padding: 1em 1.625rem; z-index: 100; }
@media (max-width: 767px) {
.spine-entry-nav-container { align-items: flex-end; }
.spine-entry-nav-container .rs-tooltip { align-items: center; display: inline-flex; justify-content: center; position: relative; }
.spine-entry-nav-container .rs-tooltip:focus { box-shadow: rgba(3, 102, 180, 0.7) 0px 0px 0.15rem 0.15rem; outline: 0px; }
.spine-entry-nav-container .rs-tooltip::before { border: 6px solid transparent; content: “”; font-size: 0.75rem; height: 0px; opacity: 0; pointer-events: none; position: absolute; text-decoration: none; width: 0px; z-index: 501; }
.spine-entry-nav-container .rs-tooltip::after { bottom: initial; background-color: rgb(33, 33, 33); border-radius: 3px; color: rgb(244, 244, 244); content: attr(aria-label); font-size: 0.8125rem; font-weight: 400; opacity: 0; outline: 0px; padding: 0.25rem 0.5rem; pointer-events: none; position: absolute; white-space: pre; z-index: 501; top: -2.2rem; }
.spine-entry-nav-container .rs-tooltip:focus::after, .spine-entry-nav-container .rs-tooltip:focus::before, .spine-entry-nav-container .rs-tooltip:hover::after, .spine-entry-nav-container .rs-tooltip:hover::before { animation-delay: 0.2s; animation-duration: 0.1s; animation-fill-mode: forwards; animation-name: show-tooltip; animation-timing-function: ease-in; }
.spine-entry-nav-container .rs-tooltip::before { border-bottom-color: transparent; border-top-color: rgb(33, 33, 33); top: -0.85rem; }
}
.spine-entry-nav-container-next, .spine-entry-nav-container-previous { transition: opacity 0.3s ease 0s; cursor: pointer; display: flex; justify-content: center; pointer-events: all; box-shadow: rgb(78, 70, 68) 0px 0px 3px; background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9); border: none; padding: 0px; border-radius: 50%; width: 2.75rem; flex-shrink: 0; }
.spine-entry-nav-container-next .svg-icon > *, .spine-entry-nav-container-previous .svg-icon > * { stroke: rgb(105, 94, 92); }
.spine-entry-nav-container-next:hover:not([disabled]) .svg-icon > *, .spine-entry-nav-container-previous:hover:not([disabled]) .svg-icon > * { stroke: rgb(37, 33, 32); }
.spine-entry-nav-container-next[disabled], .spine-entry-nav-container-previous[disabled] { opacity: 0.75; cursor: not-allowed; }
.spine-entry-nav-container-next .svg-icon, .spine-entry-nav-container-previous .svg-icon { width: 100%; height: 100%; stroke-width: 0; }
.spine-entry-nav-container-next.no-spine-content, .spine-entry-nav-container-previous.no-spine-content { visibility: hidden; }
.error-back-to-shelf { display: flex; align-items: center; font-size: 1.5rem; padding: 1rem 0px 0px 1rem; }
.error-back-to-shelf svg { height: 2rem; width: 2rem; }
.error-back-to-shelf a { margin-left: 0.5rem; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); }
.error-page { width: 80%; margin: 0px auto; padding-top: 2em; }
.error-page .error-header { width: 90%; margin: 2em auto; text-align: center; }
.error-page .error-content { box-shadow: rgb(204, 204, 204) 0px 0px 5px; border-radius: 3px; padding: 1.5em; background: rgb(234, 234, 234); margin: 0px auto; width: 90%; min-height: 180px; }
.error-page .error-content .error-title { text-align: center; padding: 0.5em; width: 100%; background: rgb(247, 247, 247); font-size: 2em; font-weight: 700; border-radius: 2px; }
.error-page .error-content .error-message { margin-top: 30px; padding: 0px 10px; font-size: 1.5em; }
.error-page .error-content .error-help-desk { margin-top: 2em; padding: 0px 1em; }
.error-page .error-list, .error-page .error-list-item { list-style: outside; }
.error-page .error-list { margin-left: 2em; }
.epub-container { display: flex; flex: 1 1 0%; position: relative; }
.epub-container-outlet { display: flex; flex: 1 1 0%; }
.skip-to-content-container { background: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0.5em; top: 0px; left: 0px; width: 100%; z-index: 100; position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); }
.skip-to-content-container a.skip-to-content-link { color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em; }
.skip-to-content-container.is-focused { clip: initial; }
.screen-reader-only { clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); height: 1px; width: 1px; overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; }
input::-webkit-input-placeholder, textarea::-webkit-input-placeholder { color: rgb(78, 70, 68); }
.question-response { display: flex; flex-direction: column; height: 100%; }
.question-response .response-detail { flex: 1 1 0%; overflow-y: auto; padding: 1rem; }
.question-response-actions { flex-shrink: 0; padding: 0.5rem; border-top: 1px solid rgb(118, 118, 118); display: flex; }
.question-response-actions > *, .submission-response-list .assignment-submission { flex: 1 1 0%; }
.question-response-actions .rs-box-link, .question-response-actions .rs-button { display: block; width: 100%; }
.question-response-action-link-container { margin: 0.5rem; }
.question-response-action-link-container:not([data-has-link]) { visibility: hidden; }
.response-detail-question__label { display: block; }
.submission-response-list { display: flex; flex-direction: column; height: 100%; }
.submission-response-list .assignment-submission > .rs-radio-group { width: 100%; display: flex; justify-content: center; padding-bottom: 0.5rem; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(118, 118, 118); }
.submission-response-list .assignment-submission > .rs-radio-group > .rs-radio-group { margin: 0px auto; }
.submission-response-list .assignment-submission-summary { padding: 0.5rem 0.5rem 0px; margin: 0px; }
.submission-response-list .assignment-submission-questions-list { flex: 1 1 0%; overflow-y: scroll; padding: 0px 0.5rem; }
.submission-response-list-actions { flex-shrink: 0; padding: 0.5rem; border-top: 1px solid rgb(118, 118, 118); }
.submission-response-list-actions .rs-box-link, .submission-response-list-actions .rs-button { display: block; width: 100%; }
.section-creation-modal { width: 30rem; }
@media screen and (max-width: 400px) {
.section-creation-modal { width: 24rem; }
}
.lofi-alert-container { position: absolute; z-index: 999999; padding: 1em; height: 100%; width: 100%; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.lofi-alert { border: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); border-radius: 3px; background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); padding: 1em; height: auto; width: auto; }
.publisher, .rs-classroom { background: rgb(237, 237, 237); }
.lofi-alert-heading { font-weight: 700; display: block; margin-bottom: 0.5em; }
.classroom-section-creation-flow__progress-steps { text-align: center; }
.classroom-section-creation-flow__summary { border-collapse: separate; border-spacing: 1em 2em; margin: 0px auto; text-align: left; }
.classroom-section-creation-flow__summary > * > tr > th { font-weight: 700; }
.classroom-section-creation-flow__error { padding-top: 0.5em; }
.rs-lockup-wrapper { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; margin: calc(var(–lockup-gutter-vertical) * -1/2) calc(var(–lockup-gutter-horizontal) * -1/2); }
.rs-lockup-wrapper[data-align=”center”] { justify-content: center; }
.rs-lockup-item { margin: calc(var(–lockup-gutter-vertical)/ 2) calc(var(–lockup-gutter-horizontal)/ 2); width: calc(var(–lockup-item-width) * 100% – var(–lockup-gutter-horizontal)); }
.rs-lockup-item.stretch-child { display: flex; flex-direction: column; }
.rs-lockup-item.stretch-child > * { flex: 1 1 0%; }
.rs-lockup-divider { align-self: stretch; opacity: 0.5; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: transparent transparent transparent currentcolor; border-image: initial; margin: 0px -1px; }
.rs-classroom { width: 100%; display: flex; flex-direction: column; }
.instructor-outlet, .student-outlet { flex: 1 1 0%; overflow: auto; position: relative; }
.rs-classroom-loading-exit { width: 12rem; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.rs-classroom .rs-navbar-dropdown-container { width: auto; }
.taller-card-title { height: 4rem; line-height: 4rem; }
.spaced-down-button { margin-top: 1rem; }
.instructor-outlet { overflow-y: auto; padding: 1rem 0px; margin: 0px auto; height: 100%; width: 100%; background: rgb(244, 244, 244); }
.instructor-outlet-content { margin: 0px auto; width: 90%; max-width: 1440px; }
@media (max-width: 480px) {
.instructor-outlet-content { width: 98%; }
}
.instructor-nav { width: 100%; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); display: flex; justify-content: space-between; }
.instructor-nav .navbar-items { padding: 1rem; }
.instructor-nav .navbar-brand { display: flex; align-items: center; }
.instructor-nav .navbar-brand svg { height: 2rem; width: auto; }
.instructor-nav a { color: rgb(59, 59, 59); font-weight: 600; text-decoration: none; }
.instructor-nav a:not(:last-of-type) { margin-right: 1rem; }
.instructor-nav a:hover { text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); }
.instructor-nav a.active { color: rgb(2, 89, 204); }
.student-outlet { overflow-y: auto; padding: 1rem 0px; margin: 0px auto; height: 100%; width: 100%; background: rgb(244, 244, 244); }
.student-outlet-content { margin: 0px auto; width: 90%; max-width: 1440px; }
@media (max-width: 480px) {
.student-outlet-content { width: 98%; }
}
.student-nav { width: 100%; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); display: flex; justify-content: space-between; }
.student-nav .navbar-items { padding: 1rem; }
.student-nav .navbar-brand { display: flex; align-items: center; }
.student-nav .navbar-brand svg { height: 2rem; width: auto; }
.student-nav a { color: rgb(59, 59, 59); font-weight: 600; text-decoration: none; }
.student-nav a:not(:last-of-type) { margin-right: 1rem; }
.student-nav a:hover { text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); }
.student-nav a.active { color: rgb(2, 89, 204); }
.publisher-outlet { flex: 1 1 0%; padding: 1rem 0px; margin: 0px auto; height: 100%; width: 100%; overflow: auto; position: relative; background: rgb(244, 244, 244); }
.publisher-outlet-content { margin: 0px auto; width: 90%; max-width: 1440px; }
@media (max-width: 480px) {
.publisher-outlet-content { width: 98%; }
}
.publisher-nav { width: 100%; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); display: flex; justify-content: space-between; }
.publisher-nav .navbar-items { padding: 1rem; }
.publisher-nav .navbar-brand { display: flex; align-items: center; }
.publisher-nav .navbar-brand svg { height: 2rem; width: auto; }
.publisher-nav a { color: rgb(59, 59, 59); font-weight: 600; text-decoration: none; }
.instructor-assignments-table .instructor-assignments-table__header .active-sort-field, .publisher-instructor-invitation-revoke-button, .publisher-nav a:hover, .rs-table-header .rs-table-header-row .table-header-sortable.active-sort-field { text-decoration: underline; }
.publisher-nav a:not(:last-of-type) { margin-right: 1rem; }
.publisher-nav a:hover { color: rgb(0, 0, 0); }
.publisher-nav a.active { color: rgb(2, 89, 204); }
.course-materials-header { margin: 0px auto 1rem; }
.course-materials-header .rs-box-link.flat, .course-materials-header > .flat.rs-box-link, .course-materials-header > .rs-button.flat { background: 0px 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0.5rem; display: inline-block; }
.course-materials-header .rs-box-link.flat:focus, .course-materials-header .rs-box-link.flat:hover, .course-materials-header > .flat.rs-box-link:focus, .course-materials-header > .flat.rs-box-link:hover, .course-materials-header > .rs-button.flat:focus, .course-materials-header > .rs-button.flat:hover { background: 0px 0px; }
.course-materials-main { margin: 0px auto; }
.course-materials .rsc-header { margin: 0px auto 1rem; }
.course-materials .rsc-header .rs-box-link.flat, .course-materials .rsc-header > .flat.rs-box-link, .course-materials .rsc-header > .rs-button.flat { background: 0px 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0.5rem; display: inline-block; }
.course-materials .rsc-header .rs-box-link.flat:focus, .course-materials .rsc-header .rs-box-link.flat:hover, .course-materials .rsc-header > .flat.rs-box-link:focus, .course-materials .rsc-header > .flat.rs-box-link:hover, .course-materials .rsc-header > .rs-button.flat:focus, .course-materials .rsc-header > .rs-button.flat:hover { background: 0px 0px; }
.course-materials .rsc-complementary { margin: 0px auto; display: flex; justify-content: space-between; }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.error-content { font-size: 0.65em; }
.course-materials .rsc-complementary { flex-flow: column wrap; }
}
.course-materials .rsc-complementary .rs-card { flex: 1 1 0%; display: flex; flex-direction: column; margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.course-materials .rsc-complementary .rs-card-content { flex: 1 1 0%; }
.course-materials .rsc-complementary .rs-card:first-of-type { margin-right: 0.5rem; }
.course-materials .rsc-complementary .rs-card:last-of-type { margin-left: 0.5rem; }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.course-materials .rsc-complementary .rs-card:first-of-type { margin-right: 0px; }
.course-materials .rsc-complementary .rs-card:last-of-type { margin-left: 0px; }
.course-materials-main-container.rs-card { width: 100%; border: none; }
}
.course-materials .rsc-complementary .rs-card-actions .rs-box-link, .course-materials .rsc-complementary .rs-card-actions .rs-button { width: 100%; }
.course-materials .rsc-main { margin: 0px auto; }
.course-materials-main-container-content { display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: center; margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.course-materials-main-item.rs-card { padding-bottom: 0px; margin: 1rem 0px 0px; max-width: 768px; }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.course-materials-main-item.rs-card { width: 100%; margin: 0px; }
.course-materials-main-item.rs-card:not(:last-of-type) { margin-bottom: 0.5rem; }
.course-materials-main-item-content.rs-card-content { display: flex; flex-direction: column; }
}
.course-materials-main-item-title.rs-card-title.divider { margin-bottom: 0px; }
.course-materials-main-item-content { display: flex; }
.course-materials-main-item-content-cover, .course-materials-main-item-content-links, .course-materials-main-item-content-publisher, .course-materials-main-item-content-questions { display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: center; justify-content: center; }
.course-materials-main-item-content-cover:not(:last-of-type), .course-materials-main-item-content-links:not(:last-of-type), .course-materials-main-item-content-publisher:not(:last-of-type), .course-materials-main-item-content-questions:not(:last-of-type) { border-right: 1px solid rgb(118, 118, 118); }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.course-materials-main-item-content-cover:not(:last-of-type), .course-materials-main-item-content-links:not(:last-of-type), .course-materials-main-item-content-publisher:not(:last-of-type), .course-materials-main-item-content-questions:not(:last-of-type) { border-right: none; }
}
.course-materials-main-item-content-questions, .rsc-complementary .enrollments-metrics > div:not(:last-of-type), .rsc-instructor-enrollment .rsc-complementary .enrollment-metrics > div:not(:last-of-type), .rsc-instructor-enrollment .rsc-complementary .enrollment-results .split-scores-class:not(:last-of-type), .rsc-instructor-enrollment .rsc-complementary .enrollment-results .split-scores-individual:not(:last-of-type), .rsc-instructor-enrollment-assignment .rsc-complementary .enrollment-assignment-metrics > div:not(:last-of-type), .rsc-instructor-enrollment-assignment .rsc-complementary .enrollment-assignment-scores .split-scores-class:not(:last-of-type), .rsc-instructor-enrollment-assignment .rsc-complementary .enrollment-assignment-scores .split-scores-individual:not(:last-of-type), .rsc-instructor-reading-assignment .rsc-complementary .assignment-metrics > div:not(:last-of-type), .rsc-instructor-reading-assignments .rsc-complementary .assignments-metrics > div:not(:last-of-type), .rsc-student-dashboard .assignment-info .assignment-details:not(:last-of-type), .rsc-student-dashboard .split-scores .split-scores-class:not(:last-of-type), .rsc-student-dashboard .split-scores .split-scores-individual:not(:last-of-type), .rsc-student-previous-assignment .rsc-complementary .previous-assignment-metrics > div:not(:last-of-type), .rsc-student-previous-assignment .rsc-complementary .previous-assignment-scores .split-scores-class:not(:last-of-type), .rsc-student-previous-assignment .rsc-complementary .previous-assignment-scores .split-scores-individual:not(:last-of-type), .rsc-student-previous-assignments .rsc-complementary .previous-assignments-metrics > div:not(:last-of-type), .rsc-student-previous-assignments .rsc-complementary .previous-assignments-scores .split-scores-class:not(:last-of-type), .rsc-student-previous-assignments .rsc-complementary .previous-assignments-scores .split-scores-individual:not(:last-of-type) { border-right: 1px solid rgb(118, 118, 118); }
.course-materials-main-item-content-cover { padding: 1rem 0px; }
.course-materials-main-item-content-cover-thumbnail { flex: 0 0 5.5em; height: 5.5em; width: 5.5em; border-radius: 50%; background-position: center center; background-size: cover; border: 1px solid rgb(118, 118, 118); }
.course-materials-main-item-content-publisher { flex: 1 1 0%; padding: 1rem; }
.course-materials-main-item-content-publisher-icon { max-height: 90px; max-width: 160px; }
.course-materials-main-item-content-questions { text-align: center; flex: 1 1 0%; padding: 1rem; }
.course-materials-main-item-content-questions-value { line-height: 1.75rem; font-weight: 800; }
.course-materials-main-item-content-links { padding: 1rem; }
.course-materials-main-item-content-links .rs-box-link { width: 100%; margin: 0px; }
.course-materials-main-item-content-links .rs-box-link:first-of-type { margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.course-material-header { margin: 0px auto 1rem; }
.course-material-header .rs-box-link.flat, .course-material-header > .flat.rs-box-link, .course-material-header > .rs-button.flat { background: 0px 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0.5rem; display: inline-block; }
.course-material-header .rs-box-link.flat:focus, .course-material-header .rs-box-link.flat:hover, .course-material-header > .flat.rs-box-link:focus, .course-material-header > .flat.rs-box-link:hover, .course-material-header > .rs-button.flat:focus, .course-material-header > .rs-button.flat:hover { background: 0px 0px; }
.course-material-main { margin: 0px auto; }
.course-material .rsc-header { margin: 0px auto 1rem; }
.course-material .rsc-header .rs-box-link.flat, .course-material .rsc-header > .flat.rs-box-link, .course-material .rsc-header > .rs-button.flat { background: 0px 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0.5rem; display: inline-block; }
.course-material .rsc-header .rs-box-link.flat:focus, .course-material .rsc-header .rs-box-link.flat:hover, .course-material .rsc-header > .flat.rs-box-link:focus, .course-material .rsc-header > .flat.rs-box-link:hover, .course-material .rsc-header > .rs-button.flat:focus, .course-material .rsc-header > .rs-button.flat:hover { background: 0px 0px; }
.course-material .rsc-complementary { margin: 0px auto; display: flex; justify-content: space-between; }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.course-material .rsc-complementary { flex-flow: column wrap; }
}
.course-material .rsc-complementary .rs-card { flex: 1 1 0%; display: flex; flex-direction: column; margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.course-material .rsc-complementary .rs-card-content { flex: 1 1 0%; }
.course-material .rsc-complementary .rs-card:first-of-type { margin-right: 0.5rem; }
.course-material .rsc-complementary .rs-card:last-of-type { margin-left: 0.5rem; }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.course-material .rsc-complementary .rs-card:first-of-type { margin-right: 0px; }
.course-material .rsc-complementary .rs-card:last-of-type { margin-left: 0px; }
}
.course-material .rsc-complementary .rs-card-actions .rs-box-link, .course-material .rsc-complementary .rs-card-actions .rs-button { width: 100%; }
.course-material .rsc-main { margin: 0px auto; }
.course-material-main-create-button-wrapper { display: flex; justify-content: flex-end; margin-bottom: 2rem; }
.course-material-main-owner-indicator { background-color: rgb(251, 252, 254); border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(118, 118, 118); height: 2.25rem; line-height: 2.25rem; font-weight: 600; color: rgb(59, 59, 59); padding: 0px 0.6875rem; }
.course-material-main-ordered-list { display: block; padding: 0.875rem; list-style-type: decimal; list-style-position: inside; }
.course-material-main-ordered-list-item { margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.course-material-main-empty-state { text-align: center; padding: 1rem 0px 5rem; color: rgb(59, 59, 59); }
.course-material-main-empty-state-first-line { margin-bottom: 2rem; }
.classroom-instructor-reading-assignment-comprehension-options, .classroom-instructor-reading-assignment-comprehension-options-filters, .classroom-instructor-reading-assignment-comprehension-options-view-type { margin-bottom: 1rem; display: flex; }
.reading-assignment-details > .summary-container { display: flex; flex-grow: 1; padding: 1.25rem; align-items: center; }
.reading-assignment-details > .summary-container > .material-image > img { border-radius: 50%; height: 4rem; width: 4rem; }
.reading-assignment-details > .summary-container > .detail-text { display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; padding-left: 1.25rem; }
.reading-assignment-details > .summary-container > .detail-text > .detail-text-dates { display: flex; }
.reading-assignment-details > .summary-container > .detail-text > .detail-text-dates > :first-child { margin-right: 2rem; }
.classroom-instructor-reading-assignment-comprehension-options { flex-wrap: wrap; justify-content: space-between; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(178, 178, 178); }
.classroom-instructor-reading-assignment-comprehension-options-filters .rs-input { margin-right: 1rem; }
.classroom-instructor-reading-assignment-comprehension-options-view-type .active.rs-box-link svg path, .classroom-instructor-reading-assignment-comprehension-options-view-type .rs-button.active svg path { fill: rgb(2, 89, 204); outline: rgb(2, 89, 204); }
.classroom-instructor-reading-assignment-comprehension-questions-grid { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; margin: 0px auto; justify-content: space-between; }
.classroom-instructor-reading-assignment-comprehension-questions-grid::after { content: “”; width: 32%; }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.classroom-instructor-reading-assignment-comprehension-questions-grid { justify-content: space-around; }
}
.classroom-instructor-reading-assignment-comprehension-questions-grid-no-results { width: 100%; padding: 2rem; text-align: center; }
.classroom-instructor-reading-assignment-comprehension-questions-table-export, .classroom-instructor-reading-assignment-student-outcomes-table-export { text-align: right; }
.classroom-instructor-reading-assignment-comprehension-questions-grid-results-message { display: flex; justify-content: center; padding: 2rem; margin-bottom: 1rem; border: 1px solid rgb(118, 118, 118); }
.classroom-instructor-reading-assignment-comprehension-questions-grid .rs-card { margin-bottom: 1rem; width: 32%; max-width: 24rem; }
@media (max-width: 1024px) {
.classroom-instructor-reading-assignment-comprehension-questions-grid .rs-card { width: 48%; }
}
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.classroom-instructor-reading-assignment-comprehension-questions-grid .rs-card { width: 80%; }
}
@media (max-width: 480px) {
.classroom-instructor-reading-assignment-comprehension-questions-grid .rs-card { width: 100%; }
}
.classroom-instructor-reading-assignment-comprehension-questions-grid .rs-card-content { max-height: 360px; overflow-y: auto; }
.classroom-instructor-reading-assignment-comprehension-questions-table { margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.classroom-instructor-reading-assignment-student-outcomes-filters { display: flex; padding-bottom: 1rem; }
.classroom-instructor-reading-assignment-student-outcomes-filters .rs-input { max-width: 13.75rem; padding-right: 0.5rem; }
.classroom-instructor-reading-assignment-student-outcomes-table { margin-bottom: 1rem; width: 100%; }
.classroom-instructor-reading-assignment-student-outcomes-results-message { display: flex; justify-content: center; padding: 2rem; margin-bottom: 1rem; border: 1px solid rgb(118, 118, 118); }
.add-assignment-dropdown__item svg { padding-bottom: 5px; margin-bottom: -8px; }
.add-assignment-dropdown__container a { cursor: pointer; }
.small-icon-button.icon.rs-box-link svg, .small-icon-button.rs-button.icon svg { height: 16px; width: 16px; }
.small-icon-button.icon.eyeball.rs-box-link svg, .small-icon-button.rs-button.icon.eyeball svg { height: 22px; width: 20px; padding-top: 2px; }
.rs-table-cell.rs-table-body-cell.selected-assignment-row__title { padding-top: 5px; }
svg > path.never-fill, svg > path.never-fill:hover { fill: none !important; }
.select-assignment-dropdown-section { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; }
.select-assignment-dropdown-section .rs-dropdown { width: 85%; }
.select-assignment-dropdown-section .icon.rs-box-link, .select-assignment-dropdown-section .rs-button.icon { max-height: 30px; align-self: flex-end; margin-right: 20px; }
.rsc-instructor-enrollment .rsc-complementary .enrollment-metrics .delta-value, .rsc-instructor-enrollment .rsc-complementary .enrollment-metrics .enrollment-annotations > span, .rsc-instructor-enrollment .rsc-complementary .enrollment-metrics .enrollment-minutes > span, .rsc-instructor-enrollment-assignment .rsc-complementary .enrollment-assignment-metrics .assignment-annotations > span, .rsc-instructor-enrollment-assignment .rsc-complementary .enrollment-assignment-metrics .assignment-minutes > span, .rsc-instructor-enrollment-assignment .rsc-complementary .enrollment-assignment-metrics .delta-value { align-self: center; }
.assignment-transfer-details__question .rs-loading-content { max-height: 12px; text-align: center; }
.assignment-transfer-confirmation__warning { color: rgb(168, 11, 9); }
.transfer-assignment-modal .rs-modal-content { width: 500px; min-height: 235px; max-width: 100%; }
.transfer-assignment-modal .rs-modal-content strong { font-weight: 700; }
.transfer-assignment-modal .rs-modal-content ul { list-style-type: disc; list-style-position: inside; }
.transfer-assignment-modal .rs-modal-content ul li { margin-left: 5px; }
.transfer-assignment-modal .rs-modal-content .loading-content__flex-container { width: 100%; height: 60px; display: flex; justify-content: center; }
.transfer-assignment-modal .rs-modal-content .rs-card-content { min-height: 90px; }
.rsc-instructor-enrollment-assignment .responses-grid .rs-card-content, .rsc-student-previous-assignment .responses-grid .rs-card-content { max-height: 360px; overflow-y: auto; }
.rsc-student-dashboard-header { margin: 0px auto 1rem; }
.rsc-student-dashboard-header .rs-box-link.flat, .rsc-student-dashboard-header > .flat.rs-box-link, .rsc-student-dashboard-header > .rs-button.flat { background: 0px 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0.5rem; display: inline-block; }
.rsc-student-dashboard-header .rs-box-link.flat:focus, .rsc-student-dashboard-header .rs-box-link.flat:hover, .rsc-student-dashboard-header > .flat.rs-box-link:focus, .rsc-student-dashboard-header > .flat.rs-box-link:hover, .rsc-student-dashboard-header > .rs-button.flat:focus, .rsc-student-dashboard-header > .rs-button.flat:hover { background: 0px 0px; }
.rsc-student-dashboard-main { margin: 0px auto; }
.rsc-student-dashboard .rsc-header { margin: 0px auto 1rem; }
.rsc-student-dashboard .rsc-header .rs-box-link.flat, .rsc-student-dashboard .rsc-header > .flat.rs-box-link, .rsc-student-dashboard .rsc-header > .rs-button.flat { background: 0px 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0.5rem; display: inline-block; }
.rsc-student-dashboard .rsc-header .rs-box-link.flat:focus, .rsc-student-dashboard .rsc-header .rs-box-link.flat:hover, .rsc-student-dashboard .rsc-header > .flat.rs-box-link:focus, .rsc-student-dashboard .rsc-header > .flat.rs-box-link:hover, .rsc-student-dashboard .rsc-header > .rs-button.flat:focus, .rsc-student-dashboard .rsc-header > .rs-button.flat:hover { background: 0px 0px; }
.rsc-student-dashboard .rsc-complementary { margin: 0px auto; display: flex; justify-content: space-between; }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.rsc-student-dashboard .rsc-complementary { flex-flow: column wrap; }
}
.rsc-student-dashboard .rsc-complementary .rs-card { flex: 1 1 0%; display: flex; flex-direction: column; margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.rsc-student-dashboard .rsc-complementary .rs-card-content { flex: 1 1 0%; }
.rsc-student-dashboard .rsc-complementary .rs-card:first-of-type { margin-right: 0.5rem; }
.rsc-student-dashboard .rsc-complementary .rs-card:last-of-type { margin-left: 0.5rem; }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.rsc-student-dashboard .rsc-complementary .rs-card:first-of-type { margin-right: 0px; }
.rsc-student-dashboard .rsc-complementary .rs-card:last-of-type { margin-left: 0px; }
}
.rsc-student-dashboard .rsc-complementary .rs-card-actions .rs-box-link, .rsc-student-dashboard .rsc-complementary .rs-card-actions .rs-button { width: 100%; }
.rsc-student-dashboard .rsc-main { margin: 0px auto; }
.rsc-student-dashboard .assignment-featured { display: flex; align-items: center; margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.rsc-student-dashboard .assignment-featured .featured-thumbnail { margin-right: 1rem; }
.rsc-student-dashboard .assignment-featured .featured-image { display: block; flex: 0 0 5.5em; height: 5.5em; width: 5.5em; border-radius: 50%; background-position: center center; background-size: cover; border: 1px solid rgb(118, 118, 118); }
.rsc-student-dashboard .assignment-featured strong { font-weight: 600; }
.rsc-student-dashboard .assignment-info { display: flex; justify-content: center; margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.rsc-student-dashboard .assignment-info .assignment-details { flex: 1 1 0%; padding: 1rem; text-align: center; }
.rsc-student-dashboard .assignment-info .assignment-details-value { line-height: 1.75rem; font-weight: 800; }
.rsc-student-dashboard .assignment-info .assignment-error { font-size: 0.9rem; }
.rsc-student-dashboard .split-scores { display: flex; justify-content: center; }
@media (max-width: 480px) {
.rsc-student-dashboard .split-scores { flex-direction: column; }
.rsc-student-dashboard .split-scores .split-scores-class:not(:last-of-type), .rsc-student-dashboard .split-scores .split-scores-individual:not(:last-of-type) { border-right: 0px; }
}
.rsc-student-dashboard .split-scores .split-scores-class, .rsc-student-dashboard .split-scores .split-scores-individual { padding: 0.5rem 3rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: center; text-align: center; flex: 1 1 0%; }
.rsc-student-dashboard .split-scores .split-scores-class-heading, .rsc-student-dashboard .split-scores .split-scores-individual-heading { margin-bottom: 0.5rem; }
.rsc-student-dashboard .material-title.rs-card-title.divider { margin-bottom: 0px; }
.rsc-student-dashboard .material-card { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(118, 118, 118); align-items: center; }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.rsc-student-dashboard .split-scores .split-scores-class, .rsc-student-dashboard .split-scores .split-scores-individual { padding: 0.5rem 1rem; }
.rsc-student-dashboard .material-card { flex-direction: column; align-items: initial; }
}
.rsc-student-dashboard .material-card:last-of-type { border-bottom: 0px; }
.rsc-student-dashboard .material-button { min-width: 12rem; margin: 0.5rem 0px; }
.rsc-student-dashboard .data-none { display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: center; padding-top: 1rem; }
.rsc-student-dashboard .data-none-text { font-weight: 600; color: rgb(118, 118, 118); padding-top: 1rem; }
.rsc-student-dashboard .data-none svg { fill: rgb(118, 118, 118); height: 4rem; width: 4rem; }
.rsc-student-previous-assignment-header { margin: 0px auto 1rem; }
.rsc-student-previous-assignment-header .rs-box-link.flat, .rsc-student-previous-assignment-header > .flat.rs-box-link, .rsc-student-previous-assignment-header > .rs-button.flat { background: 0px 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0.5rem; display: inline-block; }
.rsc-student-previous-assignment-header .rs-box-link.flat:focus, .rsc-student-previous-assignment-header .rs-box-link.flat:hover, .rsc-student-previous-assignment-header > .flat.rs-box-link:focus, .rsc-student-previous-assignment-header > .flat.rs-box-link:hover, .rsc-student-previous-assignment-header > .rs-button.flat:focus, .rsc-student-previous-assignment-header > .rs-button.flat:hover { background: 0px 0px; }
.rsc-student-previous-assignment-main { margin: 0px auto; }
.rsc-student-previous-assignment .rsc-header { margin: 0px auto 1rem; }
.rsc-student-previous-assignment .rsc-header .rs-box-link.flat, .rsc-student-previous-assignment .rsc-header > .flat.rs-box-link, .rsc-student-previous-assignment .rsc-header > .rs-button.flat { background: 0px 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0.5rem; display: inline-block; }
.rsc-student-previous-assignment .rsc-header .rs-box-link.flat:focus, .rsc-student-previous-assignment .rsc-header .rs-box-link.flat:hover, .rsc-student-previous-assignment .rsc-header > .flat.rs-box-link:focus, .rsc-student-previous-assignment .rsc-header > .flat.rs-box-link:hover, .rsc-student-previous-assignment .rsc-header > .rs-button.flat:focus, .rsc-student-previous-assignment .rsc-header > .rs-button.flat:hover { background: 0px 0px; }
.rsc-student-previous-assignment .rsc-complementary { margin: 0px auto; display: flex; justify-content: space-between; }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.rsc-student-previous-assignment .rsc-complementary { flex-flow: column wrap; }
}
.rsc-student-previous-assignment .rsc-complementary .rs-card { flex: 1 1 0%; display: flex; flex-direction: column; margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.rsc-student-previous-assignment .rsc-complementary .rs-card-content { flex: 1 1 0%; }
.rsc-student-previous-assignment .rsc-complementary .rs-card:first-of-type { margin-right: 0.5rem; }
.rsc-student-previous-assignment .rsc-complementary .rs-card:last-of-type { margin-left: 0.5rem; }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.rsc-student-previous-assignment .rsc-complementary .rs-card:first-of-type { margin-right: 0px; }
.rsc-student-previous-assignment .rsc-complementary .rs-card:last-of-type { margin-left: 0px; }
}
.rsc-student-previous-assignment .rsc-complementary .rs-card-actions .rs-box-link, .rsc-student-previous-assignment .rsc-complementary .rs-card-actions .rs-button { width: 100%; }
.rsc-student-previous-assignment .rsc-main { margin: 0px auto; }
.rsc-student-previous-assignment .rsc-complementary .previous-assignment-metrics { display: flex; }
.rsc-student-previous-assignment .rsc-complementary .previous-assignment-metrics > div { display: flex; flex-direction: column; justify-content: center; height: 100%; flex: 1 1 0%; }
.rsc-student-previous-assignment .rsc-complementary .previous-assignment-metrics > div > div { text-align: center; }
.rsc-student-previous-assignment .rsc-complementary .previous-assignment-metrics > div > div:nth-of-type(2) { font-family: “Source Sans Pro”, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1.5625rem; line-height: 1.75rem; font-weight: 800; }
.rsc-student-previous-assignment .rsc-complementary .previous-assignment-scores { display: flex; justify-content: center; }
@media (max-width: 480px) {
.rsc-student-previous-assignment .rsc-complementary .previous-assignment-scores { flex-direction: column; }
.rsc-student-previous-assignment .rsc-complementary .previous-assignment-scores .split-scores-class:not(:last-of-type), .rsc-student-previous-assignment .rsc-complementary .previous-assignment-scores .split-scores-individual:not(:last-of-type) { border-right: 0px; }
}
.rsc-student-previous-assignment .rsc-complementary .previous-assignment-scores .split-scores-class, .rsc-student-previous-assignment .rsc-complementary .previous-assignment-scores .split-scores-individual { padding: 0.5rem 3rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: center; text-align: center; flex: 1 1 0%; }
.rsc-student-previous-assignment .rsc-complementary .previous-assignment-scores .split-scores-class-heading, .rsc-student-previous-assignment .rsc-complementary .previous-assignment-scores .split-scores-individual-heading { margin-bottom: 0.5rem; }
.rsc-student-previous-assignment .options, .rsc-student-previous-assignment .options-filters, .rsc-student-previous-assignment .options-view-type { margin-bottom: 1rem; display: flex; }
.rsc-student-previous-assignment .options { flex-wrap: wrap; justify-content: space-between; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(178, 178, 178); }
.rsc-student-previous-assignment .options-filters .rs-input { margin-right: 1rem; }
.rsc-student-previous-assignment .options-view-type .active.rs-box-link svg path, .rsc-student-previous-assignment .options-view-type .rs-button.active svg path { fill: rgb(2, 89, 204); outline: rgb(2, 89, 204); }
.rsc-student-previous-assignment .responses-grid { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; margin: 0px auto; justify-content: space-between; }
.rsc-student-previous-assignment .responses-grid::after { content: “”; width: 32%; }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.rsc-student-previous-assignment .rsc-complementary .previous-assignment-scores .split-scores-class, .rsc-student-previous-assignment .rsc-complementary .previous-assignment-scores .split-scores-individual { padding: 0.5rem 1rem; }
.rsc-student-previous-assignment .responses-grid { justify-content: space-around; }
}
.rsc-student-previous-assignment .responses-grid-no-results { width: 100%; padding: 2rem; text-align: center; }
.rsc-student-previous-assignment .responses-grid .rs-card { margin-bottom: 1rem; width: 32%; max-width: 24rem; }
@media (max-width: 1024px) {
.rsc-student-previous-assignment .responses-grid .rs-card { width: 48%; }
}
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.rsc-student-previous-assignment .responses-grid .rs-card { width: 80%; }
}
.instructor-course-material-question .rsc-complementary .rs-card-actions .rs-box-link, .instructor-course-material-question .rsc-complementary .rs-card-actions .rs-button, .rsc-instructor-dashboard .rsc-complementary .rs-card-actions .rs-box-link, .rsc-instructor-dashboard .rsc-complementary .rs-card-actions .rs-button, .rsc-instructor-dashboard .rsc-main .rs-card-actions .rs-box-link, .rsc-instructor-dashboard .rsc-main .rs-card-actions .rs-button, .rsc-instructor-enrollment .rsc-complementary .rs-card-actions .rs-box-link, .rsc-instructor-enrollment .rsc-complementary .rs-card-actions .rs-button, .rsc-instructor-enrollment-assignment .rsc-complementary .rs-card-actions .rs-box-link, .rsc-instructor-enrollment-assignment .rsc-complementary .rs-card-actions .rs-button, .rsc-instructor-enrollments .rsc-complementary .rs-card-actions .rs-box-link, .rsc-instructor-enrollments .rsc-complementary .rs-card-actions .rs-button, .rsc-instructor-reading-assignment .rsc-complementary .rs-card-actions .rs-box-link, .rsc-instructor-reading-assignment .rsc-complementary .rs-card-actions .rs-button, .rsc-instructor-reading-assignments .rsc-complementary .rs-card-actions .rs-box-link, .rsc-instructor-reading-assignments .rsc-complementary .rs-card-actions .rs-button, .rsc-student-previous-assignments .rsc-complementary .rs-card-actions .rs-box-link, .rsc-student-previous-assignments .rsc-complementary .rs-card-actions .rs-button { width: 100%; }
.rsc-student-previous-assignment .responses-table { margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.rsc-student-previous-assignment .responses-table-export { text-align: right; }
.rsc-student-previous-assignments-header { margin: 0px auto 1rem; }
.rsc-student-previous-assignments-header .rs-box-link.flat, .rsc-student-previous-assignments-header > .flat.rs-box-link, .rsc-student-previous-assignments-header > .rs-button.flat { background: 0px 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0.5rem; display: inline-block; }
.rsc-student-previous-assignments-header .rs-box-link.flat:focus, .rsc-student-previous-assignments-header .rs-box-link.flat:hover, .rsc-student-previous-assignments-header > .flat.rs-box-link:focus, .rsc-student-previous-assignments-header > .flat.rs-box-link:hover, .rsc-student-previous-assignments-header > .rs-button.flat:focus, .rsc-student-previous-assignments-header > .rs-button.flat:hover { background: 0px 0px; }
.rsc-student-previous-assignments-main { margin: 0px auto; }
.rsc-student-previous-assignments .rsc-header { margin: 0px auto 1rem; }
.rsc-student-previous-assignments .rsc-header .rs-box-link.flat, .rsc-student-previous-assignments .rsc-header > .flat.rs-box-link, .rsc-student-previous-assignments .rsc-header > .rs-button.flat { background: 0px 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0.5rem; display: inline-block; }
.rsc-student-previous-assignments .rsc-header .rs-box-link.flat:focus, .rsc-student-previous-assignments .rsc-header .rs-box-link.flat:hover, .rsc-student-previous-assignments .rsc-header > .flat.rs-box-link:focus, .rsc-student-previous-assignments .rsc-header > .flat.rs-box-link:hover, .rsc-student-previous-assignments .rsc-header > .rs-button.flat:focus, .rsc-student-previous-assignments .rsc-header > .rs-button.flat:hover { background: 0px 0px; }
.rsc-student-previous-assignments .rsc-complementary { margin: 0px auto; display: flex; justify-content: space-between; }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.rsc-student-previous-assignments .rsc-complementary { flex-flow: column wrap; }
}
.rsc-student-previous-assignments .rsc-complementary .rs-card { flex: 1 1 0%; display: flex; flex-direction: column; margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.rsc-student-previous-assignments .rsc-complementary .rs-card-content { flex: 1 1 0%; }
.rsc-student-previous-assignments .rsc-complementary .rs-card:first-of-type { margin-right: 0.5rem; }
.rsc-student-previous-assignments .rsc-complementary .rs-card:last-of-type { margin-left: 0.5rem; }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.rsc-student-previous-assignments .rsc-complementary .rs-card:first-of-type { margin-right: 0px; }
.rsc-student-previous-assignments .rsc-complementary .rs-card:last-of-type { margin-left: 0px; }
}
.rsc-student-previous-assignments .rsc-main { margin: 0px auto; }
.rsc-student-previous-assignments .rsc-complementary .previous-assignments-metrics { display: flex; }
.rsc-student-previous-assignments .rsc-complementary .previous-assignments-metrics > div { display: flex; flex-direction: column; justify-content: center; height: 100%; flex: 1 1 0%; }
.rsc-student-previous-assignments .rsc-complementary .previous-assignments-metrics > div > div { text-align: center; }
.rsc-student-previous-assignments .rsc-complementary .previous-assignments-metrics > div > div:nth-of-type(2) { font-family: “Source Sans Pro”, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1.5625rem; line-height: 1.75rem; font-weight: 800; }
.rsc-student-previous-assignments .rsc-complementary .previous-assignments-scores { display: flex; justify-content: center; }
@media (max-width: 480px) {
.rsc-student-previous-assignment .responses-grid .rs-card { width: 100%; }
.rsc-student-previous-assignments .rsc-complementary .previous-assignments-scores { flex-direction: column; }
.rsc-student-previous-assignments .rsc-complementary .previous-assignments-scores .split-scores-class:not(:last-of-type), .rsc-student-previous-assignments .rsc-complementary .previous-assignments-scores .split-scores-individual:not(:last-of-type) { border-right: 0px; }
}
.rsc-student-previous-assignments .rsc-complementary .previous-assignments-scores .split-scores-class, .rsc-student-previous-assignments .rsc-complementary .previous-assignments-scores .split-scores-individual { padding: 0.5rem 3rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: center; text-align: center; flex: 1 1 0%; }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.rsc-student-previous-assignments .rsc-complementary .previous-assignments-scores .split-scores-class, .rsc-student-previous-assignments .rsc-complementary .previous-assignments-scores .split-scores-individual { padding: 0.5rem 1rem; }
}
.rsc-student-previous-assignments .rsc-complementary .previous-assignments-scores .split-scores-class-heading, .rsc-student-previous-assignments .rsc-complementary .previous-assignments-scores .split-scores-individual-heading { margin-bottom: 0.5rem; }
.rsc-student-previous-assignments .completed-chart { margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.rsc-student-previous-assignments .chart-empty { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; line-height: 1.75rem; padding: 1.25rem; color: rgb(118, 118, 118); white-space: normal; text-align: center; }
.rs-classroom .instructor-stats-box { text-align: center; }
.rs-classroom .instructor-stats-box__value { font-size: 2rem; font-weight: 700; }
.rs-classroom .instructor-stats-box__delta-label { font-size: 0.7em; opacity: 0.7; }
.rs-classroom .rs-action-link { display: inline-block; margin-right: 0px; vertical-align: middle; }
.rs-classroom .rs-button-like–stretched { display: block; flex: 1 1 0%; text-align: center; }
.rs-classroom .stroked path, .rs-classroom :active .stroked path, .rs-classroom :focus .stroked path, .rs-classroom :hover .stroked path { fill: none; stroke-width: 2.5px; }
.rs-classroom .rs-input-date .detail-text.help-text { display: none; }
.rsc-instructor-dashboard-header { margin: 0px auto 1rem; }
.rsc-instructor-dashboard-header .rs-box-link.flat, .rsc-instructor-dashboard-header > .flat.rs-box-link, .rsc-instructor-dashboard-header > .rs-button.flat { background: 0px 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0.5rem; display: inline-block; }
.rsc-instructor-dashboard-header .rs-box-link.flat:focus, .rsc-instructor-dashboard-header .rs-box-link.flat:hover, .rsc-instructor-dashboard-header > .flat.rs-box-link:focus, .rsc-instructor-dashboard-header > .flat.rs-box-link:hover, .rsc-instructor-dashboard-header > .rs-button.flat:focus, .rsc-instructor-dashboard-header > .rs-button.flat:hover { background: 0px 0px; }
.rsc-instructor-dashboard-main { margin: 0px auto; }
.rsc-instructor-dashboard .rsc-header { margin: 0px auto 1rem; }
.rsc-instructor-dashboard .rsc-header .rs-box-link.flat, .rsc-instructor-dashboard .rsc-header > .flat.rs-box-link, .rsc-instructor-dashboard .rsc-header > .rs-button.flat { background: 0px 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0.5rem; display: inline-block; }
.rsc-instructor-dashboard .rsc-header .rs-box-link.flat:focus, .rsc-instructor-dashboard .rsc-header .rs-box-link.flat:hover, .rsc-instructor-dashboard .rsc-header > .flat.rs-box-link:focus, .rsc-instructor-dashboard .rsc-header > .flat.rs-box-link:hover, .rsc-instructor-dashboard .rsc-header > .rs-button.flat:focus, .rsc-instructor-dashboard .rsc-header > .rs-button.flat:hover { background: 0px 0px; }
.rsc-instructor-dashboard .rsc-complementary { margin: 0px auto; display: flex; justify-content: space-between; }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.rsc-instructor-dashboard .rsc-complementary { flex-flow: column wrap; }
}
.rsc-instructor-dashboard .rsc-complementary .rs-card { flex: 1 1 0%; display: flex; flex-direction: column; margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.rsc-instructor-dashboard .rsc-complementary .rs-card-content { flex: 1 1 0%; }
.rsc-instructor-dashboard .rsc-complementary .rs-card:first-of-type { margin-right: 0.5rem; }
.rsc-instructor-dashboard .rsc-complementary .rs-card:last-of-type { margin-left: 0.5rem; }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.rsc-instructor-dashboard .rsc-complementary .rs-card:first-of-type { margin-right: 0px; }
.rsc-instructor-dashboard .rsc-complementary .rs-card:last-of-type { margin-left: 0px; }
}
.rsc-instructor-dashboard .rsc-main { margin: 0px auto; }
.rsc-instructor-dashboard .rsc-quick-links { margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.rsc-instructor-dashboard .rsc-quick-links .rsc-links-list { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; }
.rsc-instructor-dashboard .rsc-quick-links .rsc-create-assignment > span > svg { fill: rgb(5, 117, 32); }
.rsc-instructor-dashboard .rsc-quick-links .rsc-enrollments > span > svg { fill: rgb(191, 129, 27); }
.rsc-instructor-dashboard .rsc-quick-links .rsc-reading-assignments > span > svg { fill: rgb(2, 89, 204); }
.rsc-instructor-dashboard .rsc-quick-links .rsc-course-materials > span > svg { fill: rgb(168, 11, 9); }
.rsc-instructor-dashboard .rsc-quick-links .rs-card-link { margin-right: 1rem; }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.rsc-instructor-dashboard .rsc-quick-links .rsc-links-list { justify-content: space-around; }
.rsc-instructor-dashboard .rsc-quick-links .rs-card-link { margin: 0.5rem; }
}
.rsc-instructor-dashboard .rsc-quick-links .rs-card-link-text { font-family: “Source Sans Pro”, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75rem; font-weight: 400; }
.rsc-instructor-dashboard .rsc-main { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.rsc-instructor-dashboard .rsc-main { flex-flow: column wrap; }
}
.rsc-instructor-dashboard .rsc-main .rs-card { flex: 1 1 0%; display: flex; flex-direction: column; margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.rsc-instructor-dashboard .rsc-main .rs-card-content { flex: 1 1 0%; }
.rsc-instructor-dashboard .rsc-main .rs-card:first-of-type { margin-right: 0.5rem; }
.rsc-instructor-dashboard .rsc-main .rs-card:last-of-type { margin-left: 0.5rem; }
.rsc-instructor-dashboard .rsc-main > .rs-card, .rsc-instructor-dashboard .rsc-main > .rs-card .rs-card-content { display: flex; flex-direction: column; }
.rsc-instructor-dashboard .rsc-main .rsc-average-score { height: 18rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; justify-content: center; }
.rsc-instructor-dashboard .rsc-main .rsc-average-score .pretty-score { padding: 0.5rem 3rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: center; text-align: center; }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.rsc-instructor-dashboard .rsc-main .rs-card:first-of-type { margin-right: 0px; }
.rsc-instructor-dashboard .rsc-main .rs-card:last-of-type { margin-left: 0px; }
.rsc-instructor-dashboard .rsc-main .rsc-average-score .pretty-score { padding: 0.5rem 1rem; }
}
.rsc-instructor-dashboard .rsc-main .rsc-average-score .pretty-score-heading { margin-bottom: 0.5rem; }
.rsc-instructor-dashboard .rsc-main .rsc-average-score-label { font-family: “Source Sans Pro”, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1.5625rem; font-weight: 400; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1rem; line-height: 2rem; }
.rsc-instructor-dashboard .rsc-main .chart-container { height: 14rem; padding-bottom: 1rem; }
.instructor-course-material-question-header { margin: 0px auto 1rem; }
.instructor-course-material-question-header .rs-box-link.flat, .instructor-course-material-question-header > .flat.rs-box-link, .instructor-course-material-question-header > .rs-button.flat { background: 0px 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0.5rem; display: inline-block; }
.instructor-course-material-question-header .rs-box-link.flat:focus, .instructor-course-material-question-header .rs-box-link.flat:hover, .instructor-course-material-question-header > .flat.rs-box-link:focus, .instructor-course-material-question-header > .flat.rs-box-link:hover, .instructor-course-material-question-header > .rs-button.flat:focus, .instructor-course-material-question-header > .rs-button.flat:hover { background: 0px 0px; }
.instructor-course-material-question-main { margin: 0px auto; }
.instructor-course-material-question .rsc-header { margin: 0px auto 1rem; }
.instructor-course-material-question .rsc-header .rs-box-link.flat, .instructor-course-material-question .rsc-header > .flat.rs-box-link, .instructor-course-material-question .rsc-header > .rs-button.flat { background: 0px 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0.5rem; display: inline-block; }
.instructor-course-material-question .rsc-header .rs-box-link.flat:focus, .instructor-course-material-question .rsc-header .rs-box-link.flat:hover, .instructor-course-material-question .rsc-header > .flat.rs-box-link:focus, .instructor-course-material-question .rsc-header > .flat.rs-box-link:hover, .instructor-course-material-question .rsc-header > .rs-button.flat:focus, .instructor-course-material-question .rsc-header > .rs-button.flat:hover { background: 0px 0px; }
.instructor-course-material-question .rsc-complementary { margin: 0px auto; display: flex; justify-content: space-between; }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.instructor-course-material-question .rsc-complementary { flex-flow: column wrap; }
}
.instructor-course-material-question .rsc-complementary .rs-card { flex: 1 1 0%; display: flex; flex-direction: column; margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.instructor-course-material-question .rsc-complementary .rs-card-content { flex: 1 1 0%; }
.instructor-course-material-question .rsc-complementary .rs-card:first-of-type { margin-right: 0.5rem; }
.instructor-course-material-question .rsc-complementary .rs-card:last-of-type { margin-left: 0.5rem; }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.instructor-course-material-question .rsc-complementary .rs-card:first-of-type { margin-right: 0px; }
.instructor-course-material-question .rsc-complementary .rs-card:last-of-type { margin-left: 0px; }
}
.instructor-course-material-question .rsc-main { margin: 0px auto; }
.instructor-course-material-question-main-content { max-width: 768px; margin: 0px auto; }
.instructor-course-material-question-main-subtitle { font-family: “Source Sans Pro”, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1.5625rem; line-height: 1.75rem; font-weight: 400; padding-bottom: 1.5rem; }
.rsc-complementary .enrollments-metrics > div > div:nth-of-type(2), .rsc-instructor-enrollment .rsc-complementary .enrollment-metrics > div > div:nth-of-type(2), .rsc-instructor-enrollment-assignment .rsc-complementary .enrollment-assignment-metrics > div > div:nth-of-type(2), .rsc-instructor-reading-assignment .rsc-complementary .assignment-metrics > div > div:nth-of-type(2), .rsc-instructor-reading-assignments .rsc-complementary .assignments-metrics > div > div:nth-of-type(2) { font-family: “Source Sans Pro”, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1.5625rem; line-height: 1.75rem; font-weight: 800; }
.instructor-course-material-question-main-question-name { padding-bottom: 1.5rem; }
.instructor-course-material-question-main-question-text { padding-bottom: 2rem; }
.instructor-course-material-question-main-question-text .fr-wrapper { height: 8rem; overflow-y: scroll; }
.instructor-course-material-question-main-question-text .fr-wrapper .fr-element { min-height: initial !important; }
.instructor-course-material-question-main .answer-option-editor { margin-bottom: 1.5rem; }
.instructor-course-material-question-main .answer-option-editor .fr-wrapper { height: 3rem; overflow-y: scroll; }
.instructor-course-material-question-main .answer-option-editor .fr-wrapper .fr-element { min-height: initial !important; }
.rsc-instructor-reading-assignment-header { margin: 0px auto 1rem; }
.rsc-instructor-reading-assignment-header .rs-box-link.flat, .rsc-instructor-reading-assignment-header > .flat.rs-box-link, .rsc-instructor-reading-assignment-header > .rs-button.flat { background: 0px 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0.5rem; display: inline-block; }
.rsc-instructor-reading-assignment-header .rs-box-link.flat:focus, .rsc-instructor-reading-assignment-header .rs-box-link.flat:hover, .rsc-instructor-reading-assignment-header > .flat.rs-box-link:focus, .rsc-instructor-reading-assignment-header > .flat.rs-box-link:hover, .rsc-instructor-reading-assignment-header > .rs-button.flat:focus, .rsc-instructor-reading-assignment-header > .rs-button.flat:hover { background: 0px 0px; }
.rsc-instructor-reading-assignment-main { margin: 0px auto; }
.rsc-instructor-reading-assignment .rsc-header { margin: 0px auto 1rem; }
.rsc-instructor-reading-assignment .rsc-header .rs-box-link.flat, .rsc-instructor-reading-assignment .rsc-header > .flat.rs-box-link, .rsc-instructor-reading-assignment .rsc-header > .rs-button.flat { background: 0px 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0.5rem; display: inline-block; }
.rsc-instructor-reading-assignment .rsc-header .rs-box-link.flat:focus, .rsc-instructor-reading-assignment .rsc-header .rs-box-link.flat:hover, .rsc-instructor-reading-assignment .rsc-header > .flat.rs-box-link:focus, .rsc-instructor-reading-assignment .rsc-header > .flat.rs-box-link:hover, .rsc-instructor-reading-assignment .rsc-header > .rs-button.flat:focus, .rsc-instructor-reading-assignment .rsc-header > .rs-button.flat:hover { background: 0px 0px; }
.rsc-instructor-reading-assignment .rsc-complementary { margin: 0px auto; display: flex; justify-content: space-between; }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.rsc-instructor-reading-assignment .rsc-complementary { flex-flow: column wrap; }
}
.rsc-instructor-reading-assignment .rsc-complementary .rs-card { flex: 1 1 0%; display: flex; flex-direction: column; margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.rsc-instructor-reading-assignment .rsc-complementary .rs-card-content { flex: 1 1 0%; }
.rsc-instructor-reading-assignment .rsc-complementary .rs-card:first-of-type { margin-right: 0.5rem; }
.rsc-instructor-reading-assignment .rsc-complementary .rs-card:last-of-type { margin-left: 0.5rem; }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.rsc-instructor-reading-assignment .rsc-complementary .rs-card:first-of-type { margin-right: 0px; }
.rsc-instructor-reading-assignment .rsc-complementary .rs-card:last-of-type { margin-left: 0px; }
}
.rsc-instructor-reading-assignment .rsc-main { margin: 0px auto; }
.rsc-instructor-reading-assignment .rsc-complementary .assignment-metrics { display: flex; }
.rsc-instructor-reading-assignment .rsc-complementary .assignment-metrics > div { display: flex; flex-direction: column; justify-content: center; height: 100%; flex: 1 1 0%; }
.rsc-instructor-reading-assignment .rsc-complementary .assignment-metrics > div > div { text-align: center; }
.rsc-instructor-reading-assignment .rsc-complementary .assignment-results { padding: 0.5rem 3rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: center; text-align: center; }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.rsc-instructor-reading-assignment .rsc-complementary .assignment-results { padding: 0.5rem 1rem; }
}
.rsc-instructor-reading-assignment .rsc-complementary .assignment-results-heading { margin-bottom: 0.5rem; }
.rsc-instructor-reading-assignments-header { margin: 0px auto 1rem; }
.rsc-instructor-reading-assignments-header .rs-box-link.flat, .rsc-instructor-reading-assignments-header > .flat.rs-box-link, .rsc-instructor-reading-assignments-header > .rs-button.flat { background: 0px 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0.5rem; display: inline-block; }
.rsc-instructor-reading-assignments-header .rs-box-link.flat:focus, .rsc-instructor-reading-assignments-header .rs-box-link.flat:hover, .rsc-instructor-reading-assignments-header > .flat.rs-box-link:focus, .rsc-instructor-reading-assignments-header > .flat.rs-box-link:hover, .rsc-instructor-reading-assignments-header > .rs-button.flat:focus, .rsc-instructor-reading-assignments-header > .rs-button.flat:hover { background: 0px 0px; }
.rsc-instructor-reading-assignments-main { margin: 0px auto; }
.rsc-instructor-reading-assignments .rsc-header { margin: 0px auto 1rem; }
.rsc-instructor-reading-assignments .rsc-header .rs-box-link.flat, .rsc-instructor-reading-assignments .rsc-header > .flat.rs-box-link, .rsc-instructor-reading-assignments .rsc-header > .rs-button.flat { background: 0px 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0.5rem; display: inline-block; }
.rsc-instructor-reading-assignments .rsc-header .rs-box-link.flat:focus, .rsc-instructor-reading-assignments .rsc-header .rs-box-link.flat:hover, .rsc-instructor-reading-assignments .rsc-header > .flat.rs-box-link:focus, .rsc-instructor-reading-assignments .rsc-header > .flat.rs-box-link:hover, .rsc-instructor-reading-assignments .rsc-header > .rs-button.flat:focus, .rsc-instructor-reading-assignments .rsc-header > .rs-button.flat:hover { background: 0px 0px; }
.rsc-instructor-reading-assignments .rsc-complementary { margin: 0px auto; display: flex; justify-content: space-between; }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.rsc-instructor-reading-assignments .rsc-complementary { flex-flow: column wrap; }
}
.rsc-instructor-reading-assignments .rsc-complementary .rs-card { flex: 1 1 0%; display: flex; flex-direction: column; margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.rsc-instructor-reading-assignments .rsc-complementary .rs-card-content { flex: 1 1 0%; }
.rsc-instructor-reading-assignments .rsc-complementary .rs-card:first-of-type { margin-right: 0.5rem; }
.rsc-instructor-reading-assignments .rsc-complementary .rs-card:last-of-type { margin-left: 0.5rem; }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.rsc-instructor-reading-assignments .rsc-complementary .rs-card:first-of-type { margin-right: 0px; }
.rsc-instructor-reading-assignments .rsc-complementary .rs-card:last-of-type { margin-left: 0px; }
}
.rsc-instructor-reading-assignments .rsc-main { margin: 0px auto; }
.rsc-instructor-reading-assignments .rsc-complementary .assignments-metrics { display: flex; }
.rsc-instructor-reading-assignments .rsc-complementary .assignments-metrics > div { display: flex; flex-direction: column; justify-content: center; height: 100%; flex: 1 1 0%; }
.rsc-instructor-reading-assignments .rsc-complementary .assignments-metrics > div > div { text-align: center; }
.rsc-instructor-reading-assignments .rsc-complementary .assignments-results { padding: 0.5rem 3rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: center; text-align: center; }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.rsc-instructor-reading-assignments .rsc-complementary .assignments-results { padding: 0.5rem 1rem; }
}
.rsc-instructor-reading-assignments .rsc-complementary .assignments-results-heading { margin-bottom: 0.5rem; }
.rsc-instructor-reading-assignments .assignments-controls { display: flex; padding-bottom: 1rem; }
.rsc-instructor-reading-assignments .assignments-controls .rs-input { max-width: 13.75rem; padding-right: 0.5rem; }
.rsc-instructor-enrollments-header { margin: 0px auto 1rem; }
.rsc-instructor-enrollments-header .rs-box-link.flat, .rsc-instructor-enrollments-header > .flat.rs-box-link, .rsc-instructor-enrollments-header > .rs-button.flat { background: 0px 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0.5rem; display: inline-block; }
.rsc-instructor-enrollments-header .rs-box-link.flat:focus, .rsc-instructor-enrollments-header .rs-box-link.flat:hover, .rsc-instructor-enrollments-header > .flat.rs-box-link:focus, .rsc-instructor-enrollments-header > .flat.rs-box-link:hover, .rsc-instructor-enrollments-header > .rs-button.flat:focus, .rsc-instructor-enrollments-header > .rs-button.flat:hover { background: 0px 0px; }
.rsc-instructor-enrollments-main { margin: 0px auto; }
.rsc-instructor-enrollments .rsc-header { margin: 0px auto 1rem; }
.rsc-instructor-enrollments .rsc-header .rs-box-link.flat, .rsc-instructor-enrollments .rsc-header > .flat.rs-box-link, .rsc-instructor-enrollments .rsc-header > .rs-button.flat { background: 0px 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0.5rem; display: inline-block; }
.rsc-instructor-enrollments .rsc-header .rs-box-link.flat:focus, .rsc-instructor-enrollments .rsc-header .rs-box-link.flat:hover, .rsc-instructor-enrollments .rsc-header > .flat.rs-box-link:focus, .rsc-instructor-enrollments .rsc-header > .flat.rs-box-link:hover, .rsc-instructor-enrollments .rsc-header > .rs-button.flat:focus, .rsc-instructor-enrollments .rsc-header > .rs-button.flat:hover { background: 0px 0px; }
.rsc-instructor-enrollments .rsc-complementary { margin: 0px auto; display: flex; justify-content: space-between; }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.rsc-instructor-enrollments .rsc-complementary { flex-flow: column wrap; }
}
.rsc-instructor-enrollments .rsc-complementary .rs-card { flex: 1 1 0%; display: flex; flex-direction: column; margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.rsc-instructor-enrollments .rsc-complementary .rs-card-content { flex: 1 1 0%; }
.rsc-instructor-enrollments .rsc-complementary .rs-card:first-of-type { margin-right: 0.5rem; }
.rsc-instructor-enrollments .rsc-complementary .rs-card:last-of-type { margin-left: 0.5rem; }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.rsc-instructor-enrollments .rsc-complementary .rs-card:first-of-type { margin-right: 0px; }
.rsc-instructor-enrollments .rsc-complementary .rs-card:last-of-type { margin-left: 0px; }
}
.rsc-instructor-enrollments .rsc-main { margin: 0px auto; }
.rsc-complementary .enrollments-metrics { display: flex; }
.rsc-complementary .enrollments-metrics > div { display: flex; flex-direction: column; justify-content: center; height: 100%; flex: 1 1 0%; }
.rsc-complementary .enrollments-metrics > div > div { text-align: center; }
.rsc-complementary .enrollments-results { padding: 0.5rem 3rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: center; text-align: center; }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.rsc-complementary .enrollments-results { padding: 0.5rem 1rem; }
}
.rsc-complementary .enrollments-results-heading { margin-bottom: 0.5rem; }
.completed-chart { margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.rsc-instructor-enrollment-header { margin: 0px auto 1rem; }
.rsc-instructor-enrollment-header .rs-box-link.flat, .rsc-instructor-enrollment-header > .flat.rs-box-link, .rsc-instructor-enrollment-header > .rs-button.flat { background: 0px 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0.5rem; display: inline-block; }
.rsc-instructor-enrollment-header .rs-box-link.flat:focus, .rsc-instructor-enrollment-header .rs-box-link.flat:hover, .rsc-instructor-enrollment-header > .flat.rs-box-link:focus, .rsc-instructor-enrollment-header > .flat.rs-box-link:hover, .rsc-instructor-enrollment-header > .rs-button.flat:focus, .rsc-instructor-enrollment-header > .rs-button.flat:hover { background: 0px 0px; }
.rsc-instructor-enrollment-main { margin: 0px auto; }
.rsc-instructor-enrollment .rsc-header { margin: 0px auto 1rem; }
.rsc-instructor-enrollment .rsc-header .rs-box-link.flat, .rsc-instructor-enrollment .rsc-header > .flat.rs-box-link, .rsc-instructor-enrollment .rsc-header > .rs-button.flat { background: 0px 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0.5rem; display: inline-block; }
.rsc-instructor-enrollment .rsc-header .rs-box-link.flat:focus, .rsc-instructor-enrollment .rsc-header .rs-box-link.flat:hover, .rsc-instructor-enrollment .rsc-header > .flat.rs-box-link:focus, .rsc-instructor-enrollment .rsc-header > .flat.rs-box-link:hover, .rsc-instructor-enrollment .rsc-header > .rs-button.flat:focus, .rsc-instructor-enrollment .rsc-header > .rs-button.flat:hover { background: 0px 0px; }
.rsc-instructor-enrollment .rsc-complementary { margin: 0px auto; display: flex; justify-content: space-between; }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.rsc-instructor-enrollment .rsc-complementary { flex-flow: column wrap; }
}
.rsc-instructor-enrollment .rsc-complementary .rs-card { flex: 1 1 0%; display: flex; flex-direction: column; margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.rsc-instructor-enrollment .rsc-complementary .rs-card-content { flex: 1 1 0%; }
.rsc-instructor-enrollment .rsc-complementary .rs-card:first-of-type { margin-right: 0.5rem; }
.rsc-instructor-enrollment .rsc-complementary .rs-card:last-of-type { margin-left: 0.5rem; }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.rsc-instructor-enrollment .rsc-complementary .rs-card:first-of-type { margin-right: 0px; }
.rsc-instructor-enrollment .rsc-complementary .rs-card:last-of-type { margin-left: 0px; }
}
.rsc-instructor-enrollment .rsc-main { margin: 0px auto; }
.rsc-instructor-enrollment .rsc-complementary .enrollment-metrics { display: flex; }
.rsc-instructor-enrollment .rsc-complementary .enrollment-metrics > div { display: flex; flex-direction: column; justify-content: center; height: 100%; flex: 1 1 0%; }
.rsc-instructor-enrollment .rsc-complementary .enrollment-metrics > div > div { text-align: center; }
.rsc-instructor-enrollment .rsc-complementary .enrollment-results { display: flex; justify-content: center; }
@media (max-width: 480px) {
.rsc-instructor-enrollment .rsc-complementary .enrollment-results { flex-direction: column; }
.rsc-instructor-enrollment .rsc-complementary .enrollment-results .split-scores-class:not(:last-of-type), .rsc-instructor-enrollment .rsc-complementary .enrollment-results .split-scores-individual:not(:last-of-type) { border-right: 0px; }
}
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Chapter 7
Organizing Instruction
Steve is preparing an afterschool Fun with Science program for his elementary school. The program is intended to provide a variety of science-oriented experiences for students in the first through fifth grades. The school’s principal and the school PTA have expressed a need for the program, and Steve has developed the program’s instructional goals and objectives. Steve knows his learners well and is excited at the prospect of putting together a series of activities that are both educational and fun. However, he is having trouble deciding how to sort and arrange the lessons so that children engage in a variety of appropriate activities as they progress from first to fifth grade.
Erin is an instructional designer for an international package delivery service. She has been given the task of creating a program that helps to ensure employee safety and wellness. She knows the instructional goals and objectives, and she has conducted a thorough task analysis to better understand the safety protocols and procedures employees need to learn. Erin now needs to decide what kinds of instruction will be offered.
Guiding Questions
How does organizing content and learning activities help an instructional designer?
What is a curriculum?
What are the events of instruction?
What is the continuum of learning experiences?
What are the various methods of instructional delivery?
Key Terms
curriculum (page 120)
Dale’s cone of experience (page 123)
distance education (page 120)
enactive experiences (page 124)
events of instruction (page 122)
generative (instructional event) (page 123)
iconic experiences (page 124)
job aids (page 130)
learning management system (LMS) (page 127)
lesson plans (page 120)
program of study (page 120)
programmed instruction (page 126
)
scope and sequence (page 120)
supplantive (instructional event) (page 123)
syllabus (page 120)
symbolic experiences (page 124)
units (of instruction) (page 120)
Chapter Overview
Designing the best instruction possible involves organizing instructional activities to create a satisfying and effective learning experience. This is particularly important when the content to be covered is sizable (e.g., yearlong training; multiple years of study for a degree; an entire K-12 curriculum). The activities of any one lesson often have to fit appropriately into a larger educational scheme. Understanding how these larger schemes work and how to develop such a scheme allows one to deliver better instruction.
Organizing content allows one to see the depth and breadth of the content to be covered, while organizing instructional activities allows one to see the range of methods used to communicate that content to the learner. A course of study organized by the content to be covered and the activities employed to cover them is called a curriculum. A curriculum for any course of study is described by its scope and sequence, the instructional events and learning experiences it encompasses, and the methods in which these events and experiences are delivered.
Scope and Sequence
There is a wide range of possibility when it comes to determining scope and sequence of instruction. Instruction can be designed to incorporate many activities over a long period of time (e.g., a program of study leading to a graduate degree), a single activity in a brief period of time (e.g., the instructions on the back of a packet of instant soup), or anything in between. The scope and sequence of the activities are determined by the instructional designer, based on the goals and objectives he or she has developed through needs, task, and learner analyses.
In K-12 settings, people most often think in terms of curriculums, units, and lesson plans. The curriculum is the entire scope of what is to be learned from beginning (pre-K) to end (twelfth grade); therefore, a curriculum is most often measured in years. Units are measured in months or weeks; they are large sets of activities that relate to a specific theme (e.g., oceanography or Greek myths). Lesson plans contain the specific, day-to-day activities that comprise a unit. The activities articulated in lesson plans are measured in hours or minutes.
The word “curriculum” is Latin in origin. Its original meaning is related to racing and racecourses. Literally translated, a curriculum is a race, a lap in a race, or a racetrack. Today, the word curriculum is used to refer to the organization of a course of study. A curriculum can be thought of as the set of markers necessary to define a course. (Translation source: “Words” by William Whitaker (2006).)
In college and university settings, people think in terms of programs of study, syllabi, and classes. A program of study is the entire set of courses that, once completed, leads to the conferring of a degree (e.g., Bachelor of Arts; Master of Science). A syllabus is the scope and sequence description for a single course (which is usually one semester in length), and classes are the individual meetings held regularly throughout the semester (classes are sometimes referred to as lessons in postsecondary education, particularly in the case of nonsynchronous distance education, when students and the instructor do not meet at a specific time on a specific day but instead complete assignments that include presentations as well as reading and responding within a given period of time, usually a week or a few days).
Nonacademic settings, such as business or government, may approach instruction in terms of competencies and certifications. These organizations may organize instructional activities in terms of courses or study guides that support individuals in improving work-related skills or achieving passing scores on professional certification examinations.
According to Orlich, Harder, Trevisan, Brown, and Miller (2018), sequencing instruction serves two essential purposes: either to isolate a piece of knowledge (a concept or principle) to help students comprehend its unique characteristics or to relate that concept or principle to a larger organized body of knowledge. Determining the scope of instruction serves the essential purpose of placing some restriction on just how much of any topic is covered as part of the instruction.
For any instructional event, one must determine both the scope (the amount of information) and the sequence (the order in which the information will be presented). Regardless of how one organizes and divides up the instruction, some scope and sequence must be developed at the outset in order to determine what is to be taught and the order in which it will be presented.
Levels of Organization: Macro, Micro, Vertical, and Horizontal
Curriculum expert George Posner (2003) describes organizing instruction by “macro and micro levels” and by “vertical and horizontal dimensions.” Macro and micro levels are relative terms when used in connection with instructional organization. According to Posner, the broadest macro level is that which refers to educational levels (e.g., the difference between elementary and secondary education). The micro level at its most specific refers to the relationships between concepts, facts, or skills within lessons. Posner’s descriptions of horizontal and vertical dimensions of instruction help to clarify the difference between scope and sequence. If one thinks of a program of study laid out sequentially (like a timeline), the sequence of study is the vertical dimension (for example, first grade, second grade, third grade, etc.). The horizontal dimension describes the scope—that is, all the various concurrent and integrated activities. Posner refers to organizing curriculum content that is taught concurrently as the “horizontal organization.” He refers to sequencing of content and activities (that is, deciding when content will be presented) as “vertical organization” (Posner, 2003).
Organizational Structures: Content and Media
Posner (2003) states there are only two basic methods of organizing a curriculum or program of study. Instruction can be organized by using either a content or a media structure. A content structure organizes the instruction by the concepts, skills, or attitudes students are to acquire (as described by the instructional objectives). A media structure organizes the instruction by the activities, methods, and materials used to teach the concepts, skills, or attitudes described by the instructional objectives.
The Events of Instruction
Associated with Posner’s micro level organization of instruction is determining the order of the activities within a given lesson, known commonly as the events of instruction. These events are discrete activities that work best in a specific order. The most elemental series of instructional events consists of an introduction, a body (a variety of activities related to the content), a conclusion, and an assessment (Smith & Ragan, 2005). As an example, consider a typical K-12 teacher’s lesson plan (see
Figure 7.1). The activities and evaluation sections have been labeled by using the four elemental events of instruction.
Figure 7.1 An Example of a K-12 Teacher’s Lesson Plan
Source: Author
The eminent instructional designer and scholar Robert Gagne (1916–2002) theorized that there are nine events of instruction (1985).
Gain learners’ attention.
Inform learners of the objective.
Stimulate recall of prior learning.
Present the stimulus.
Provide guidance for the learners.
Elicit learner performance.
Provide feedback.
Assess learner performance.
Enhance retention and transfer (varied practice and reviews).
To put this theory into practice, each of the events described requires at least one instructional activity. The order of the activities makes a difference in the effectiveness of the instruction. The careful consideration of instructional events is analogous to the consideration that goes into a well-planned meal: the order of dishes served affects the overall experience.
Although the events of instruction are most often described in terms that make it seem as if the teacher is the active participant while the learners passively receive instruction, this should not be the case. Both directed and open-ended learning environments have carefully planned instructional events. In both environments, students may take an active role in each of the instructional events. Smith and Ragan (2005) observe that each instructional event can be viewed as having two aspects: the supplantive—those supplied by the instruction itself—and the generative—those generated by the student. For example, during an introduction event, the instructor may present activities intended to gain the learner’s attention, but the learner must activate his or her attention in order to participate effectively. During the body of a lesson, the instructor may present the activities, but the learner must actively participate by doing such things as focusing his/her attention, employing learning strategies, and offering and responding to feedback. The events of instruction should be considered a reciprocal process, with instructors and students making contributions that lead to an effective learning experience.
The Continuum of Learning Experiences
All learning experiences can be placed within a continuum. At one end of this continuum are the experiences in which the learner picks up skills, concepts, and attitudes by participating in a concrete, real-world activity. As an example of an extreme version of this, a person may learn to swim by being thrown into deep water, where the only option available short of drowning is to figure out how to stay afloat and propel oneself. At the other end of this continuum are the experiences in which the learner is exposed to skills, concepts, and attitudes through completely contrived or abstract activity. An example of an extreme version of this would be learning to swim by having someone describe it without actually getting near water.
The vast majority of instructional activities fall somewhere between the two extremes of this concrete-abstract continuum. One of the most popular methods of categorizing learning activities within this continuum is Edgar Dale’s cone of experience (Dale, 1969; Smaldino, Lowther, & Russell, 2008). At the base of Dale’s cone are direct, purposeful experiences (real-world activities), simulations, and dramatizations. In the middle of Dale’s cone are film or video presentations, pictures and photographs, and audio recordings. At the top of the cone are visual and verbal symbols (text and speech).
The psychologist Jerome Bruner describes learning experiences as being one of three types: enactive, iconic, or symbolic (Bruner, 1966). Enactive experiences are those at the base of Dale’s cone. As Bruner puts it:
We know many things for which we have no imagery and no words, and they are very hard to teach to anybody by the use of either words or diagrams or pictures. If you have tried to coach somebody at tennis or skiing or to teach a child to ride a bike, you will have been struck by the wordlessness and the diagrammatic impotence of the teaching process.
(1969, p. 10)
Iconic experiences are those that are placed within the middle of Dale’s cone. The iconic experience, “… depends upon visual or other sensory organization and upon the use of summarizing images” (Bruner, 1966, p. 10) Iconic experiences offer explanations through symbols or representations.
Symbolic experiences are those that are placed at the top of Dale’s cone. A symbolic experience is one in which the entire communication is conducted by using sounds and signs that have no direct association with the actual event. For example, languages are symbolic communication systems; the words we speak or read may arbitrarily represent concepts and real things, but they do so by completely artificial means. Bruner points out that symbolic systems are capable of conveying a tremendous amount of information in a compact and efficient manner. For example, scientists and poets convey vast amounts of information through symbols and words. Consider Einstein’s “E = mc2” or Frost’s “nature’s first gold is green.” Each are brief expressions that carry a tremendous amount of information to individuals who know how to interpret the symbols in the case of Einstein’s theorem and symbolism in the case of Frost’s words. It would take quite a long time to enact the content of either expression.
Dale’s cone of experience (see
Figure 7.2) and Bruner’s descriptions are used by instructional designers to analyze the characteristics of various activities in order to make informed decisions about their use within an instructional plan. It is generally considered a good idea to make use of a wide range of enactive, iconic, and symbolic activities in order to provide students with a variety of learning opportunities.
Figure 7.2 Dale’s Cone of Experience
Source: Adapted from Dale, E. (1969). Audio-visual methods in teaching (3rd edn). New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
Enactive, iconic, and symbolic activities each have their own instructional strengths. For example, enactive activities generally give students greater opportunity to synthesize and apply what they are learning; however, these activities can be expensive to produce and time-consuming to participate in. Symbolic activities can be easily controlled to focus on the most important aspects of the instructional content and often make the best use of time when time is limited, but they often do not offer students an opportunity to explore the content details in a deeply meaningful manner.
Understanding where learning experiences fall within the continuum between concrete and abstract helps answer questions such as the following.
How does this activity help students apply the content to situations outside the learning environment?
How quickly can students learn important content features from this experience?
Professionals in Practice
For a few years, I taught a judo class at the Bank Street School for Children. I had taught judo in a number of settings before that. There is a traditional method of teaching judo and an established curriculum for the sport. However, at Bank Street, I had to organize things a little differently to suit a special group of students. Judo is normally a highly physical activity and is generally taught in an enactive manner; students observe the instructor in action and then try out the movements by practicing with peers. My students at Bank Street were particularly verbal in their approach to learning, and it became obvious after the very first meeting that some portion of class time had to be devoted to more symbolic experience (in this case, discussion) in order to make the enactive experiences meaningful for this particular group.
Abbie Brown former teacher at the Bank Street School for Children New York City
Steve is going to use Posner’s idea of vertical and horizontal curriculum organization to help him arrange his program’s science activities by grade. He is going to consider each grade level as a step in the program’s sequence, and he will gather together age-appropriate activities that support the program’s instructional goals. Steve also wants the activities to be fun, and he knows his students like to do the experiments instead of watch them conducted by others or read about them. Steve will therefore be careful to provide as many appropriate enactive experiences as he can.
Erin’s instructional design is going to focus on producing a number of iconic and symbolic media for employees to serve as visual reminders about safety procedures with which everyone is already familiar. Because Erin plans to use a variety of activities, methods, and materials to provide instruction on both safety and wellness, she is going to use a media structure to organize her instruction.
Methods of Delivery
Instructional events and learning experiences can be organized for a variety of delivery methods. The most popular of these include the traditional in-person approach (classroom teaching), distance education, programmed instruction, and instructional media.
Classroom Teaching
Most people are familiar with classroom teaching through personal experience. In the United States, the traditional approach to organized instruction consists of one teacher working with a group of students who are similar in age and/or experience with the subject matter to be taught. This is the basis of the K-12 system; the assumption is that most students in a given grade are similar in age and have similar experiences with school subjects (e.g., one assumes someone in third grade has satisfactorily completed the first and second grades). This approach extends to postsecondary settings, where groups of students take a class with one or a few instructors; students in that class must meet the prerequisites (i.e., completion of specific courses or status as an undergraduate or graduate student) for the class in order to participate. Other groups that employ classroom teaching, such as businesses and military organizations, also follow this approach, grouping students by experience and ability to work with one or a few instructors.
Current classroom teaching practice traces its roots to Joseph Lancaster (1778–1838), an English educator who created a unique set of manuals that detailed the organization and management of group instruction (Saettler, 1990). Although instructional methods have changed considerably, Lancaster’s physical models for organization continue to heavily influence the classrooms of today.
The setup of a traditional classroom is a number of desks and chairs for students, generally organized to face a chalkboard, whiteboard, or projection screen. A teacher directs the instructional activities, offering and receiving feedback from students as the lesson progresses.
Programmed Instruction
Programmed instruction is the arrangement of content materials that allows a student working independently to form responses and receive feedback on those responses (with positive reinforcement for correct responses). The feedback and reinforcement come from the instructional media, not from a live instructor or facilitator. Although forms of programmed instruction have been part of teaching since the days of ancient Greece (Saettler, 1990), it became particularly popular in the 1960s based in large part on the work of the noted behavioral psychologist B.F. Skinner. Skinner described a need for the refinement of “teaching machines,” which are automated methods of providing instruction that would allow a multitude of learners to work through content at each learner’s own pace. With the advent of affordable computing systems and software that allows nonprogrammers to create software with relative ease (e.g., Adobe’s Captivate), programmed instruction has increased. A number of programmed instruction software titles, often referred to as “skill and drill” programs teaching everything from basic reading to preparation for the Graduate Record Examination, are currently available.
It is important to recognize that it is the instruction, not the technology used to deliver it, that is the focus of programmed instruction. Highly effective programmed instruction can be designed and delivered without the use of computing tools. The book Bobby Fischer Teaches Chess (Fischer, Margulies, & Mosenfelder, 1972) is an example of excellent programmed instruction that makes sole use of the printed page.
Distance Education
At present, the most common perception of distance education is that of a traditional classroom experience (one teacher, many students) translated into a communications environment that allows students to participate without having to congregate in a specific geographic location. Distance education may be synchronous (everyone involved participating within a specified time period; using videoconferencing or online chat) or asynchronous (everyone involved participating at a time of his or her own choosing; sharing messages using an online discussion board, postal letters, or email). Asynchronous distance education may also be delivered in the form of programmed instruction, allowing the student to review the material at an individualized pace without the need (or support) of a teacher or peer group.
With the ubiquity of inexpensive computing tools and telecommunications and the extensive networking of colleges and universities, Internet-based distance education, also known as online learning, has become a particularly popular topic among educators (Brown & Green, 2017, 2018).
In a distance education setting, all instructional activities are delivered through some communications medium that links geographically remote participants. One example is the use of a web-based learning management system (LMS), such as Blackboard or Moodle. A learning management system essentially provides a computer-based empty classroom that an instructor may fill with assignments and presentations; online message boards and chat areas are also a part of the courseware, facilitating communication among participants.
Distance education has a number of appealing features for education and training. Students do not have to travel to a classroom and in asynchronous situations they may participate at a time that works best for them. However, there is an interesting opposition of forces at work with distance education. At the same time that more students demand distance education options, most students say they do not really want to learn at a distance—that a live instructor and the presence of learning group peers is important to them (Simonson, Smaldino, Albright, & Zvacek, 2011).
Professionals in Practice
After the initial course consultation and the learning goals are identified, it is time to start chunking out the material by topics. Typically this is done in modules or weeks. Each of those chunks contains all of the learning content/lectures, readings, activities, assessments, and detailed instructions.
Most of my lectures are built with a custom Flash template that uses streaming video and then delivered through a learning management system. I also utilize several rapid development tools. Regardless of the tool(s) that I use to create the media, everything must be [US law] 508-compliant and accessible. It is important to remember that not all instructional media components need to be the same. Video is not always necessary or the best medium to deliver the content. Much of the time, voiceover PowerPoint or audio alone is just as effective and requires much less development time. In the end, you need to take into account the different platforms the learner may be using (i.e., PC, Mac, and mobile) and provide multiple formats of your media.
Kara Andrew Manager, Training and Instructional Design Solera Autopoint
Two Categories of Instructional Delivery
The methods of delivery can be thought of as belonging to two categories: those that involve immediate feedback to both the student and the instructor or those that offer immediate feedback to the student alone.
Providing immediate feedback to both students and the instructor(s). In instructional settings such as a traditional classroom or distance education, the students and instructors communicate with each other in a way that allows them to adjust their activities according to feedback received. For example, the teacher in a traditional classroom may notice his or her students are looking drowsy and decide it is time for a short break or the instructor of an online course may receive a number of messages asking for clarification of a particular concept and decide that he or she needs to offer a mini-lesson covering that concept in greater detail.
Providing immediate feedback to the student alone. Education conducted through programmed instruction does not have an instructor making adjustments to the experience based on learner feedback. The instruction may be programmed to respond to a student’s responses, but all possible responses are determined in advance of the student’s participation.
There are strengths and weakness associated with all methods of delivery. One strength of methods that provide feedback to both the instructor and students is that it can make the experience a more personal one for each learner; however, this method requires a great deal of work on the part of the instructor and requires students to follow a specific schedule for participating in and completing activities. Methods that offer feedback to the student but not the instructor are less personalized but can be offered to a much larger number of learners, all of whom may participate at a time of their own choosing and for however long they would like. Therefore, choosing the delivery method is a critically important instructional design decision, and the method used affects the selection of activities for purposes of effectiveness and efficiency.
Professionals in Practice
Most of my process for developing the instructional content/instructional media takes place during the design phase. This phase consists of interviewing subject matter experts, reviewing existing content, and evaluating proper learning methodologies for the type of content and the target audience (e.g., you would not want a surgeon only learning about a surgical procedure by hearing a podcast).
Once I have collected the subject matter and organized in a fashion applicable to the content, I write a draft of the instruction. I find the draft phase helps me derive the appropriate media type for conveying the knowledge, skill or behavior (or any combination of the three). By focusing on the writing first, I maintain the instructional integrity of the content keeping me from trying to “fit” the narrative into a specific media type. Once I have written the script and identified the formats for each module or learning activity, I select the development tools. These tools can be as simple as MS Word or as complex as a full video production rig or a simulation program.
Kenneth R. Hubbell SVP, Senior Manager, Instructional Design Strategy & Innovation, Wells Fargo Bank NA
The Hidden Curriculum
Although the content for a course of study can be described in terms of a curriculum, it is important to realize that there is often a hidden curriculum that accompanies the one described. The content and activities used to teach it combine to create a set of experiences for the learner that causes a change in how he or she relates to the world, or at least that part of his or her world upon which the content focuses. For example, young people do not just learn facts and figures while in school; they learn how to deal with others outside their home environment. This is referred to as “socialization” and is an important aspect of the school experience. People preparing to enter a profession also learn from the hidden curriculum. Participating in instructional activities with peers and other members of that professional community reveals the methods, expectations, and actual practices of that community.
Instructional Activities in Non-Educational Situations
There are times when instructional activities can be used to improve performance without specifically striving to teach people new information, skills, or attitudes. The field of human performance technology (HPT) directly addresses these issues. According to the International Society for Performance Improvement (ISPI) (2013), human performance technology “… has been described as the systematic and systemic identification and removal of barriers to individual and organizational performance” (ISPI, 2013).
HPT makes use of a wide range of interventions drawn from many other disciplines, including behavioral psychology, instructional systems design, organizational development, and human resources management. HPT stresses the analysis of present and desired levels of performance, looks for causes of performance gaps, guides the process of eliminating or minimizing those gaps, and evaluates the results (ISPI, 2013).
If analysis of a human performance problem indicates the need for an instructional activity, the goal of that activity is to provide support that fills the performance gap. One type of activity that supports performance is commonly referred to as a job aid.
Job Aids
Job aids are devices that relieve an individual of the need to memorize a set of steps or procedures. Often presented in paper or electronic format, job aids do not teach; instead, they support performance. One typically finds job aids wherever esoteric procedures are necessary to complete a task. The task itself is understood by the individual, but the steps involved in completing the task may be difficult to remember. Examples of job aids can be found in public transportation settings where ticketing machines provide instructions for their use and in most business offices where the steps involved in using the copy or fax machines are posted.
Using Organization to Improve Instruction
Understanding the organization, scope and sequence, instructional events, types of learning experiences, and methods of delivery gives one greater understanding of how to organize instructional activities and present them in the most effective way for a particular group of students. This facilitates creating an instructional situation that accommodates a range of learners, keeping in mind the ideas of universal design for education introduced in
Chapter 5. Understanding the organization of instruction helps an instructional designer with the following tasks.
Choosing activities that support remediation and extension by using scope and sequence organization to identify appropriate content for students who need either extra support or an extra challenge.
Choosing activities that support the needs of a variety of learning styles, selecting a variety of different types of enactive, iconic, and symbolic experiences, and using Dale’s cone of experience as an organizer.
Selecting activities most appropriate to each instructional event in order to create an effective series of activities for a given lesson or instructional intervention.
Making available job aids that support the student and allow him or her to focus on the concepts to be learned instead of the steps involved in completing a specific task.
Choosing activities that are best suited to the delivery method or choosing the best delivery method to meet an individual’s or an organization’s needs.
The goal of every instructional designer is to create effective, efficient, and satisfying learning experiences for every student. Understanding the organization of instruction and making considerate use of a variety of instructional activities can help instructional designers meet this goal.
Steve has decided that the Fun with Science program will present a series of hands-on experiments that increase in complexity from first to fifth grade. The content will be unique for each grade level (for example, first grade will focus on biology and second grade will focus on physical science). The experiments will be presented in a traditional classroom by using Gagne’s nine events as the lesson structure.
Erin has decided to produce a series of computer-based tutorials and presentations, printed brochures, and job aids that help employees follow the company’s safety protocols and procedures. The materials are not sequential and can be used in any order.
Organizing Instruction and the Instructional Design Process
Organizing content and activities is an important part of the instructional design process. No matter which approach you take, organizing instruction should help you answer the following questions.
How much content will the instruction have?
When will different parts of the content be introduced within the instructional design?
What kind of enactive, iconic, and symbolic activities will be presented to the learners?
What kind of support activities will be offered for students who need extra help?
What kinds of activities will be offered for students who seek a greater challenge?
Summary
The content to be covered and the instructional activities used to convey that content can be organized into a curriculum. A curriculum defines and describes the content to be covered in terms of its scope (the amount of information) and sequence (the order in which the information is presented). Instructional content can be further organized at the macro level (for example, “elementary” versus “advanced” levels) or the micro level (the relationships between concepts, facts, and skills within any given lesson). Instructional content can also be described as having horizontal and vertical dimensions. The horizontal dimension is the range of content taught concurrently at any one time; the vertical dimension describes the sequence of the content taught over time. The organization of a curriculum can be based on either a content structure (the concepts, skills, or attitudes students are to acquire) or a media structure (the activities, methods, and materials used to teach the content).
The order in which activities are presented in a lesson is referred to as the events of instruction. Although instructional events may be described in much greater detail, the four basic events are introduction, body, conclusion, and assessment. Each instructional event has two aspects: the supplantive (that which is provided by the activity) and generative (that which is created by the student).
Learning experiences can be said to exist within a continuum that ranges from the concrete (real-world situations) to the abstract (symbolic representation). Jerome Bruner describes three types of learning experiences: enactive, iconic, and symbolic. These experiences are divided into more specific instances by using Edgar Dale’s cone of experience.
The methods of delivering instructional experiences include traditional classroom teaching, programmed instruction (the arrangement of content that allows students to work independently while receiving feedback from the instructional presentation), and distance education (students and teachers working in geographically diverse locations). These methods can be described as providing either feedback to both instructor and students or providing feedback to the student alone.
Non-educational instructional events are a part of the discipline of human performance technology (HPT). A common example of an instructional design that is not intended to teach is the job aid. A job aid supports performance by relieving an individual of the need to memorize a set of steps or procedures.
Understanding the organization, scope, sequence, events, experiences, and delivery methods helps the instructional designer understand what is necessary to create instruction that is effective for a variety of learners—from the average student to those who require either more support or greater challenges.
Chapter Comprehension Questions
A course of study organized by its content and activities is called a ________.
Sequence.
Scope.
Lesson.
Curriculum.
The scope of an instructional event is ________.
The amount of information to be covered.
The order in which the information will be presented.
The sequence of instructional events.
The skills learners possess before instruction begins.
The sequence of an instructional event is like a ________.
Microscope.
Horizon.
Timeline.
Deadline.
According to Posner, curriculum can be organized using a content or a media structure.
True.
False.
The order of activities within a given lesson is referred to as _______.
The scope of instruction.
The list of instruction.
The horizontal organization of instruction.
The events of instruction.
A generative instructional event is one that is ________.
Created by the student.
Supplied by the instructor.
The result of careful planning.
The result of careful analysis.
According to Bruner, an iconic learning experience ________.
Offers explanations through sounds and signs that are directly associated with the situation.
Offers an actual experience of the situation.
Offers explanations through symbols or representations associated with the situation.
Offers no participation or explanation of the situation.
Dale’s cone of experience has abstractions (text, pictograms, etc.) at its base and immersive, “real” experience at its top point.
True.
False.
The arrangement of content materials that allows a student working independently to form responses and receive feedback on those responses is known as ________.
Programmed instruction.
Just-in-time teaching.
Reflective teaching.
Distance education.
A device used to relieve an individual of the need to memorize a procedure is referred to as ________.
Programmed instruction.
A job aid.
Online learning.
An instructional event.
Connecting Process to Practice Activities
Could Steve have taken a different approach to organizing the Fun with Science program? Explain at least one other possibility for organizing and presenting the program.
What are some possible hidden curriculum issues that may be associated with Steve’s and Erin’s instructions?
If Erin’s superiors had requested that the safety and wellness program include a certificate of completion, what would she have to do to alter the organization of her instruction?
A multinational corporation has hired you as a consultant. The corporation is considering ways to offer business management courses to its employees worldwide. Explain the options for course delivery methods to the organization’s CEO.
You have been asked to develop a unit on ancient Egypt for fifth-grade students. What enactive, iconic, and symbolic experiences might you include in this unit?
You are the instructional designer for a nonprofit organization with a number of volunteer workers. The volunteers are often unfamiliar with the organization’s phone system, making it difficult for them to transfer calls. What might you do to address this problem?
You are the instructional designer for a university. The vice president of the university has asked to meet with you to discuss the possibility of offering a distance-education program leading to a bachelor’s degree in liberal arts. In order to make well-considered recommendations, what questions will you ask the vice president?
Examine the Common Core State Standards Initiative (see
www.corestandards.org), and determine how the standards for English-Language Arts or Mathematics are organized at the macro and micro levels.
Recommended Reading
Dale, E. (1969). Audio-visual methods in teaching (3rd edn). New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
Posner, G.J. (2003). Analyzing the curriculum (3rd edn). New York: McGraw Hill.
References
Brown, A. & Green, T. (2017). Increased use of mobile technologies and digital content to provide un-tethered access to training and learning opportunities. In A. Brown & T. Green (eds), Educational multimedia and technology yearbook (Vol. 40, pp. 15–26). New York: Springer.
Brown, A. & Green, T. (2018). Issues and trends in instructional technology: Consistent growth in online learning, digital content and the use of mobile technologies. In A. Brown & T. Green (eds), Educational multimedia and technology yearbook (Vol. 41, pp. 61–71). New York: Springer.
Bruner, J.S. (1966). Toward a theory of instruction. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Dale, E. (1969). Audio-visual methods in teaching (3rd edn). New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
Fischer, B., Margulies, S., & Mosenfelder, D. (1972). Bobby Fischer teaches chess. New York: Bantam Books.
Gagne, R.M. (1985). The conditions of learning and theory of instruction. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
International Society for Performance Improvement (ISPI). (2013). What is HPT? Retrieved from
www.hrispi.org/what-is-hpt-hampton-roads-ispi.
Orlich, D.C., Harder, R.J., Trevisan, M.S., Brown, A.H., & Miller, D.E. (2018). Teaching strategies: A guide to effective instruction (11th edn). Boston, MA: Wadsworth/Cengage Learning.
Posner, G.J. (2003). Analyzing the curriculum (3rd edn). New York: McGraw Hill.
Saettler, P. (1990). The evolution of American educational technology. Englewood, CO: Libraries Unlimited.
Simonson, M., Smaldino, S., Albright, M., & Zvacek, S. (2011). Teaching and learning at a distance: Foundations of distance education (5th edn). Boston, MA: Pearson.
Smaldino, S., Lowther, D.L., & Russell, J.D. (2008). Instructional technology and media for learning (9th edn). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill/Prentice Hall.
Smith, P.L. & Ragan, T.J. (2005). Instructional design (3rd edn). New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Whitaker, W. (2006). Words. Retrieved from
http://lysy2.archives.nd.edu/cgi-bin/words.exe.
View details for highlighted text: Chapter 7
Organizing Instruction
Steve is preparing an afterschool Fun with Science program for his elementary school. The program is intended to provide a variety of science-oriented experiences for students in the first through fifth grades. The school’s principal and the school PTA have expressed a need for the program, and Steve has developed the program’s instructional goals and objectives. Steve knows his learners well and is excited at the prospect of putting together a series of activities that are both educational and fun. However, he is having trouble deciding how to sort and arrange the lessons so that children engage in a variety of appropriate activities as they progress from first to fifth grade.
Erin is an instructional designer for an international package delivery service. She has been given the task of creating a program that helps to ensure employee safety and wellness. She knows the instructional goals and objectives, and she has conducted a thorough task analysis to better understand the safety protocols and procedures employees need to learn. Erin now needs to decide what kinds of instruction will be offered.
Guiding Questions
How does organizing content and learning activities help an instructional designer?
What is a curriculum?
What are the events of instruction?
What is the continuum of learning experiences?
What are the various methods of instructional delivery?
Key Terms
curriculum (page 120)
Dale’s cone of experience (page 123)
distance education (page 120)
enactive experiences (page 124)
events of instruction (page 122)
generative (instructional event) (page 123)
iconic experiences (page 124)
job aids (page 130)
learning management system (LMS) (page 127)
lesson plans (page 120)
program of study (page 120)
programmed instruction (page 126
)
scope and sequence (page 120)
supplantive (instructional event) (page 123)
syllabus (page 120)
symbolic experiences (page 124)
units (of instruction) (page 120)
Chapter Overview
Designing the best instruction possible involves organizing instructional activities to create a satisfying and effective learning experience. This is particularly important when the content to be covered is sizable (e.g., yearlong training; multiple years of study for a degree; an entire K-12 curriculum). The activities of any one lesson often have to fit appropriately into a larger educational scheme. Understanding how these larger schemes work and how to develop such a scheme allows one to deliver better instruction.
Organizing content allows one to see the depth and breadth of the content to be covered, while organizing instructional activities allows one to see the range of methods used to communicate that content to the learner. A course of study organized by the content to be covered and the activities employed to cover them is called a curriculum. A curriculum for any course of study is described by its scope and sequence, the instructional events and learning experiences it encompasses, and the methods in which these events and experiences are delivered.
Scope and Sequence
There is a wide range of possibility when it comes to determining scope and sequence of instruction. Instruction can be designed to incorporate many activities over a long period of time (e.g., a program of study leading to a graduate degree), a single activity in a brief period of time (e.g., the instructions on the back of a packet of instant soup), or anything in between. The scope and sequence of the activities are determined by the instructional designer, based on the goals and objectives he or she has developed through needs, task, and learner analyses.
In K-12 settings, people most often think in terms of curriculums, units, and lesson plans. The curriculum is the entire scope of what is to be learned from beginning (pre-K) to end (twelfth grade); therefore, a curriculum is most often measured in years. Units are measured in months or weeks; they are large sets of activities that relate to a specific theme (e.g., oceanography or Greek myths). Lesson plans contain the specific, day-to-day activities that comprise a unit. The activities articulated in lesson plans are measured in hours or minutes.
The word “curriculum” is Latin in origin. Its original meaning is related to racing and racecourses. Literally translated, a curriculum is a race, a lap in a race, or a racetrack. Today, the word curriculum is used to refer to the organization of a course of study. A curriculum can be thought of as the set of markers necessary to define a course. (Translation source: “Words” by William Whitaker (2006).)
In college and university settings, people think in terms of programs of study, syllabi, and classes. A program of study is the entire set of courses that, once completed, leads to the conferring of a degree (e.g., Bachelor of Arts; Master of Science). A syllabus is the scope and sequence description for a single course (which is usually one semester in length), and classes are the individual meetings held regularly throughout the semester (classes are sometimes referred to as lessons in postsecondary education, particularly in the case of nonsynchronous distance education, when students and the instructor do not meet at a specific time on a specific day but instead complete assignments that include presentations as well as reading and responding within a given period of time, usually a week or a few days).
Nonacademic settings, such as business or government, may approach instruction in terms of competencies and certifications. These organizations may organize instructional activities in terms of courses or study guides that support individuals in improving work-related skills or achieving passing scores on professional certification examinations.
According to Orlich, Harder, Trevisan, Brown, and Miller (2018), sequencing instruction serves two essential purposes: either to isolate a piece of knowledge (a concept or principle) to help students comprehend its unique characteristics or to relate that concept or principle to a larger organized body of knowledge. Determining the scope of instruction serves the essential purpose of placing some restriction on just how much of any topic is covered as part of the instruction.
For any instructional event, one must determine both the scope (the amount of information) and the sequence (the order in which the information will be presented). Regardless of how one organizes and divides up the instruction, some scope and sequence must be developed at the outset in order to determine what is to be taught and the order in which it will be presented.
Levels of Organization: Macro, Micro, Vertical, and Horizontal
Curriculum expert George Posner (2003) describes organizing instruction by “macro and micro levels” and by “vertical and horizontal dimensions.” Macro and micro levels are relative terms when used in connection with instructional organization. According to Posner, the broadest macro level is that which refers to educational levels (e.g., the difference between elementary and secondary education). The micro level at its most specific refers to the relationships between concepts, facts, or skills within lessons. Posner’s descriptions of horizontal and vertical dimensions of instruction help to clarify the difference between scope and sequence. If one thinks of a program of study laid out sequentially (like a timeline), the sequence of study is the vertical dimension (for example, first grade, second grade, third grade, etc.). The horizontal dimension describes the scope—that is, all the various concurrent and integrated activities. Posner refers to organizing curriculum content that is taught concurrently as the “horizontal organization.” He refers to sequencing of content and activities (that is, deciding when content will be presented) as “vertical organization” (Posner, 2003).
Organizational Structures: Content and Media
Posner (2003) states there are only two basic methods of organizing a curriculum or program of study. Instruction can be organized by using either a content or a media structure. A content structure organizes the instruction by the concepts, skills, or attitudes students are to acquire (as described by the instructional objectives). A media structure organizes the instruction by the activities, methods, and materials used to teach the concepts, skills, or attitudes described by the instructional objectives.
The Events of Instruction
Associated with Posner’s micro level organization of instruction is determining the order of the activities within a given lesson, known commonly as the events of instruction. These events are discrete activities that work best in a specific order. The most elemental series of instructional events consists of an introduction, a body (a variety of activities related to the content), a conclusion, and an assessment (Smith & Ragan, 2005). As an example, consider a typical K-12 teacher’s lesson plan (see Figure 7.1). The activities and evaluation sections have been labeled by using the four elemental events of instruction.
Figure 7.1 An Example of a K-12 Teacher’s Lesson Plan
Source: Author
The eminent instructional designer and scholar Robert Gagne (1916–2002) theorized that there are nine events of instruction (1985).
Gain learners’ attention.
Inform learners of the objective.
Stimulate recall of prior learning.
Present the stimulus.
Provide guidance for the learners.
Elicit learner performance.
Provide feedback.
Assess learner performance.
Enhance retention and transfer (varied practice and reviews).
To put this theory into practice, each of the events described requires at least one instructional activity. The order of the activities makes a difference in the effectiveness of the instruction. The careful consideration of instructional events is analogous to the consideration that goes into a well-planned meal: the order of dishes served affects the overall experience.
Although the events of instruction are most often described in terms that make it seem as if the teacher is the active participant while the learners passively receive instruction, this should not be the case. Both directed and open-ended learning environments have carefully planned instructional events. In both environments, students may take an active role in each of the instructional events. Smith and Ragan (2005) observe that each instructional event can be viewed as having two aspects: the supplantive—those supplied by the instruction itself—and the generative—those generated by the student. For example, during an introduction event, the instructor may present activities intended to gain the learner’s attention, but the learner must activate his or her attention in order to participate effectively. During the body of a lesson, the instructor may present the activities, but the learner must actively participate by doing such things as focusing his/her attention, employing learning strategies, and offering and responding to feedback. The events of instruction should be considered a reciprocal process, with instructors and students making contributions that lead to an effective learning experience.
The Continuum of Learning Experiences
All learning experiences can be placed within a continuum. At one end of this continuum are the experiences in which the learner picks up skills, concepts, and attitudes by participating in a concrete, real-world activity. As an example of an extreme version of this, a person may learn to swim by being thrown into deep water, where the only option available short of drowning is to figure out how to stay afloat and propel oneself. At the other end of this continuum are the experiences in which the learner is exposed to skills, concepts, and attitudes through completely contrived or abstract activity. An example of an extreme version of this would be learning to swim by having someone describe it without actually getting near water.
The vast majority of instructional activities fall somewhere between the two extremes of this concrete-abstract continuum. One of the most popular methods of categorizing learning activities within this continuum is Edgar Dale’s cone of experience (Dale, 1969; Smaldino, Lowther, & Russell, 2008). At the base of Dale’s cone are direct, purposeful experiences (real-world activities), simulations, and dramatizations. In the middle of Dale’s cone are film or video presentations, pictures and photographs, and audio recordings. At the top of the cone are visual and verbal symbols (text and speech).
The psychologist Jerome Bruner describes learning experiences as being one of three types: enactive, iconic, or symbolic (Bruner, 1966). Enactive experiences are those at the base of Dale’s cone. As Bruner puts it:
We know many things for which we have no imagery and no words, and they are very hard to teach to anybody by the use of either words or diagrams or pictures. If you have tried to coach somebody at tennis or skiing or to teach a child to ride a bike, you will have been struck by the wordlessness and the diagrammatic impotence of the teaching process.
(1969, p. 10)
Iconic experiences are those that are placed within the middle of Dale’s cone. The iconic experience, “… depends upon visual or other sensory organization and upon the use of summarizing images” (Bruner, 1966, p. 10) Iconic experiences offer explanations through symbols or representations.
Symbolic experiences are those that are placed at the top of Dale’s cone. A symbolic experience is one in which the entire communication is conducted by using sounds and signs that have no direct association with the actual event. For example, languages are symbolic communication systems; the words we speak or read may arbitrarily represent concepts and real things, but they do so by completely artificial means. Bruner points out that symbolic systems are capable of conveying a tremendous amount of information in a compact and efficient manner. For example, scientists and poets convey vast amounts of information through symbols and words. Consider Einstein’s “E = mc2” or Frost’s “nature’s first gold is green.” Each are brief expressions that carry a tremendous amount of information to individuals who know how to interpret the symbols in the case of Einstein’s theorem and symbolism in the case of Frost’s words. It would take quite a long time to enact the content of either expression.
Dale’s cone of experience (see Figure 7.2) and Bruner’s descriptions are used by instructional designers to analyze the characteristics of various activities in order to make informed decisions about their use within an instructional plan. It is generally considered a good idea to make use of a wide range of enactive, iconic, and symbolic activities in order to provide students with a variety of learning opportunities.
Figure 7.2 Dale’s Cone of Experience
Source: Adapted from Dale, E. (1969). Audio-visual methods in teaching (3rd edn). New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
Enactive, iconic, and symbolic activities each have their own instructional strengths. For example, enactive activities generally give students greater opportunity to synthesize and apply what they are learning; however, these activities can be expensive to produce and time-consuming to participate in. Symbolic activities can be easily controlled to focus on the most important aspects of the instructional content and often make the best use of time when time is limited, but they often do not offer students an opportunity to explore the content details in a deeply meaningful manner.Understanding where learning experiences fall within the continuum between concrete and abstract helps answer questions such as the following.
How does this activity help students apply the content to situations outside the learning environment?
How quickly can students learn important content features from this experience?
Professionals in Practice
For a few years, I taught a judo class at the Bank Street School for Children. I had taught judo in a number of settings before that. There is a traditional method of teaching judo and an established curriculum for the sport. However, at Bank Street, I had to organize things a little differently to suit a special group of students. Judo is normally a highly physical activity and is generally taught in an enactive manner; students observe the instructor in action and then try out the movements by practicing with peers. My students at Bank Street were particularly verbal in their approach to learning, and it became obvious after the very first meeting that some portion of class time had to be devoted to more symbolic experience (in this case, discussion) in order to make the enactive experiences meaningful for this particular group.
Abbie Brown former teacher at the Bank Street School for Children New York City
Steve is going to use Posner’s idea of vertical and horizontal curriculum organization to help him arrange his program’s science activities by grade. He is going to consider each grade level as a step in the program’s sequence, and he will gather together age-appropriate activities that support the program’s instructional goals. Steve also wants the activities to be fun, and he knows his students like to do the experiments instead of watch them conducted by others or read about them. Steve will therefore be careful to provide as many appropriate enactive experiences as he can.
Erin’s instructional design is going to focus on producing a number of iconic and symbolic media for employees to serve as visual reminders about safety procedures with which everyone is already familiar. Because Erin plans to use a variety of activities, methods, and materials to provide instruction on both safety and wellness, she is going to use a media structure to organize her instruction.
Methods of Delivery
Instructional events and learning experiences can be organized for a variety of delivery methods. The most popular of these include the traditional in-person approach (classroom teaching), distance education, programmed instruction, and instructional media.
Classroom Teaching
Most people are familiar with classroom teaching through personal experience. In the United States, the traditional approach to organized instruction consists of one teacher working with a group of students who are similar in age and/or experience with the subject matter to be taught. This is the basis of the K-12 system; the assumption is that most students in a given grade are similar in age and have similar experiences with school subjects (e.g., one assumes someone in third grade has satisfactorily completed the first and second grades). This approach extends to postsecondary settings, where groups of students take a class with one or a few instructors; students in that class must meet the prerequisites (i.e., completion of specific courses or status as an undergraduate or graduate student) for the class in order to participate. Other groups that employ classroom teaching, such as businesses and military organizations, also follow this approach, grouping students by experience and ability to work with one or a few instructors.
Current classroom teaching practice traces its roots to Joseph Lancaster (1778–1838), an English educator who created a unique set of manuals that detailed the organization and management of group instruction (Saettler, 1990). Although instructional methods have changed considerably, Lancaster’s physical models for organization continue to heavily influence the classrooms of today.
The setup of a traditional classroom is a number of desks and chairs for students, generally organized to face a chalkboard, whiteboard, or projection screen. A teacher directs the instructional activities, offering and receiving feedback from students as the lesson progresses.
Programmed Instruction
Programmed instruction is the arrangement of content materials that allows a student working independently to form responses and receive feedback on those responses (with positive reinforcement for correct responses). The feedback and reinforcement come from the instructional media, not from a live instructor or facilitator. Although forms of programmed instruction have been part of teaching since the days of ancient Greece (Saettler, 1990), it became particularly popular in the 1960s based in large part on the work of the noted behavioral psychologist B.F. Skinner. Skinner described a need for the refinement of “teaching machines,” which are automated methods of providing instruction that would allow a multitude of learners to work through content at each learner’s own pace. With the advent of affordable computing systems and software that allows nonprogrammers to create software with relative ease (e.g., Adobe’s Captivate), programmed instruction has increased. A number of programmed instruction software titles, often referred to as “skill and drill” programs teaching everything from basic reading to preparation for the Graduate Record Examination, are currently available.
It is important to recognize that it is the instruction, not the technology used to deliver it, that is the focus of programmed instruction. Highly effective programmed instruction can be designed and delivered without the use of computing tools. The book Bobby Fischer Teaches Chess (Fischer, Margulies, & Mosenfelder, 1972) is an example of excellent programmed instruction that makes sole use of the printed page.
Distance Education
At present, the most common perception of distance education is that of a traditional classroom experience (one teacher, many students) translated into a communications environment that allows students to participate without having to congregate in a specific geographic location. Distance education may be synchronous (everyone involved participating within a specified time period; using videoconferencing or online chat) or asynchronous (everyone involved participating at a time of his or her own choosing; sharing messages using an online discussion board, postal letters, or email). Asynchronous distance education may also be delivered in the form of programmed instruction, allowing the student to review the material at an individualized pace without the need (or support) of a teacher or peer group.
With the ubiquity of inexpensive computing tools and telecommunications and the extensive networking of colleges and universities, Internet-based distance education, also known as online learning, has become a particularly popular topic among educators (Brown & Green, 2017, 2018).
In a distance education setting, all instructional activities are delivered through some communications medium that links geographically remote participants. One example is the use of a web-based learning management system (LMS), such as Blackboard or Moodle. A learning management system essentially provides a computer-based empty classroom that an instructor may fill with assignments and presentations; online message boards and chat areas are also a part of the courseware, facilitating communication among participants.
Distance education has a number of appealing features for education and training. Students do not have to travel to a classroom and in asynchronous situations they may participate at a time that works best for them. However, there is an interesting opposition of forces at work with distance education. At the same time that more students demand distance education options, most students say they do not really want to learn at a distance—that a live instructor and the presence of learning group peers is important to them (Simonson, Smaldino, Albright, & Zvacek, 2011).
Professionals in Practice
After the initial course consultation and the learning goals are identified, it is time to start chunking out the material by topics. Typically this is done in modules or weeks. Each of those chunks contains all of the learning content/lectures, readings, activities, assessments, and detailed instructions.
Most of my lectures are built with a custom Flash template that uses streaming video and then delivered through a learning management system. I also utilize several rapid development tools. Regardless of the tool(s) that I use to create the media, everything must be [US law] 508-compliant and accessible. It is important to remember that not all instructional media components need to be the same. Video is not always necessary or the best medium to deliver the content. Much of the time, voiceover PowerPoint or audio alone is just as effective and requires much less development time. In the end, you need to take into account the different platforms the learner may be using (i.e., PC, Mac, and mobile) and provide multiple formats of your media.
Kara Andrew Manager, Training and Instructional Design Solera Autopoint
Two Categories of Instructional Delivery
The methods of delivery can be thought of as belonging to two categories: those that involve immediate feedback to both the student and the instructor or those that offer immediate feedback to the student alone.
Providing immediate feedback to both students and the instructor(s). In instructional settings such as a traditional classroom or distance education, the students and instructors communicate with each other in a way that allows them to adjust their activities according to feedback received. For example, the teacher in a traditional classroom may notice his or her students are looking drowsy and decide it is time for a short break or the instructor of an online course may receive a number of messages asking for clarification of a particular concept and decide that he or she needs to offer a mini-lesson covering that concept in greater detail.
Providing immediate feedback to the student alone. Education conducted through programmed instruction does not have an instructor making adjustments to the experience based on learner feedback. The instruction may be programmed to respond to a student’s responses, but all possible responses are determined in advance of the student’s participation.
There are strengths and weakness associated with all methods of delivery. One strength of methods that provide feedback to both the instructor and students is that it can make the experience a more personal one for each learner; however, this method requires a great deal of work on the part of the instructor and requires students to follow a specific schedule for participating in and completing activities. Methods that offer feedback to the student but not the instructor are less personalized but can be offered to a much larger number of learners, all of whom may participate at a time of their own choosing and for however long they would like. Therefore, choosing the delivery method is a critically important instructional design decision, and the method used affects the selection of activities for purposes of effectiveness and efficiency.
Professionals in Practice
Most of my process for developing the instructional content/instructional media takes place during the design phase. This phase consists of interviewing subject matter experts, reviewing existing content, and evaluating proper learning methodologies for the type of content and the target audience (e.g., you would not want a surgeon only learning about a surgical procedure by hearing a podcast).
Once I have collected the subject matter and organized in a fashion applicable to the content, I write a draft of the instruction. I find the draft phase helps me derive the appropriate media type for conveying the knowledge, skill or behavior (or any combination of the three). By focusing on the writing first, I maintain the instructional integrity of the content keeping me from trying to “fit” the narrative into a specific media type. Once I have written the script and identified the formats for each module or learning activity, I select the development tools. These tools can be as simple as MS Word or as complex as a full video production rig or a simulation program.
Kenneth R. Hubbell SVP, Senior Manager, Instructional Design Strategy & Innovation, Wells Fargo Bank NA
The Hidden Curriculum
Although the content for a course of study can be described in terms of a curriculum, it is important to realize that there is often a hidden curriculum that accompanies the one described. The content and activities used to teach it combine to create a set of experiences for the learner that causes a change in how he or she relates to the world, or at least that part of his or her world upon which the content focuses. For example, young people do not just learn facts and figures while in school; they learn how to deal with others outside their home environment. This is referred to as “socialization” and is an important aspect of the school experience. People preparing to enter a profession also learn from the hidden curriculum. Participating in instructional activities with peers and other members of that professional community reveals the methods, expectations, and actual practices of that community.
Instructional Activities in Non-Educational Situations
There are times when instructional activities can be used to improve performance without specifically striving to teach people new information, skills, or attitudes. The field of human performance technology (HPT) directly addresses these issues. According to the International Society for Performance Improvement (ISPI) (2013), human performance technology “… has been described as the systematic and systemic identification and removal of barriers to individual and organizational performance” (ISPI, 2013).
HPT makes use of a wide range of interventions drawn from many other disciplines, including behavioral psychology, instructional systems design, organizational development, and human resources management. HPT stresses the analysis of present and desired levels of performance, looks for causes of performance gaps, guides the process of eliminating or minimizing those gaps, and evaluates the results (ISPI, 2013).
If analysis of a human performance problem indicates the need for an instructional activity, the goal of that activity is to provide support that fills the performance gap. One type of activity that supports performance is commonly referred to as a job aid.
Job Aids
Job aids are devices that relieve an individual of the need to memorize a set of steps or procedures. Often presented in paper or electronic format, job aids do not teach; instead, they support performance. One typically finds job aids wherever esoteric procedures are necessary to complete a task. The task itself is understood by the individual, but the steps involved in completing the task may be difficult to remember. Examples of job aids can be found in public transportation settings where ticketing machines provide instructions for their use and in most business offices where the steps involved in using the copy or fax machines are posted.
Using Organization to Improve Instruction
Understanding the organization, scope and sequence, instructional events, types of learning experiences, and methods of delivery gives one greater understanding of how to organize instructional activities and present them in the most effective way for a particular group of students. This facilitates creating an instructional situation that accommodates a range of learners, keeping in mind the ideas of universal design for education introduced in Chapter 5. Understanding the organization of instruction helps an instructional designer with the following tasks.
Choosing activities that support remediation and extension by using scope and sequence organization to identify appropriate content for students who need either extra support or an extra challenge.
Choosing activities that support the needs of a variety of learning styles, selecting a variety of different types of enactive, iconic, and symbolic experiences, and using Dale’s cone of experience as an organizer.
Selecting activities most appropriate to each instructional event in order to create an effective series of activities for a given lesson or instructional intervention.
Making available job aids that support the student and allow him or her to focus on the concepts to be learned instead of the steps involved in completing a specific task.
Choosing activities that are best suited to the delivery method or choosing the best delivery method to meet an individual’s or an organization’s needs.
The goal of every instructional designer is to create effective, efficient, and satisfying learning experiences for every student. Understanding the organization of instruction and making considerate use of a variety of instructional activities can help instructional designers meet this goal.
Steve has decided that the Fun with Science program will present a series of hands-on experiments that increase in complexity from first to fifth grade. The content will be unique for each grade level (for example, first grade will focus on biology and second grade will focus on physical science). The experiments will be presented in a traditional classroom by using Gagne’s nine events as the lesson structure.
Erin has decided to produce a series of computer-based tutorials and presentations, printed brochures, and job aids that help employees follow the company’s safety protocols and procedures. The materials are not sequential and can be used in any order.
Organizing Instruction and the Instructional Design Process
Organizing content and activities is an important part of the instructional design process. No matter which approach you take, organizing instruction should help you answer the following questions.
How much content will the instruction have?
When will different parts of the content be introduced within the instructional design?
What kind of enactive, iconic, and symbolic activities will be presented to the learners?
What kind of support activities will be offered for students who need extra help?
What kinds of activities will be offered for students who seek a greater challenge?
Summary
The content to be covered and the instructional activities used to convey that content can be organized into a curriculum. A curriculum defines and describes the content to be covered in terms of its scope (the amount of information) and sequence (the order in which the information is presented). Instructional content can be further organized at the macro level (for example, “elementary” versus “advanced” levels) or the micro level (the relationships between concepts, facts, and skills within any given lesson). Instructional content can also be described as having horizontal and vertical dimensions. The horizontal dimension is the range of content taught concurrently at any one time; the vertical dimension describes the sequence of the content taught over time. The organization of a curriculum can be based on either a content structure (the concepts, skills, or attitudes students are to acquire) or a media structure (the activities, methods, and materials used to teach the content).
The order in which activities are presented in a lesson is referred to as the events of instruction. Although instructional events may be described in much greater detail, the four basic events are introduction, body, conclusion, and assessment. Each instructional event has two aspects: the supplantive (that which is provided by the activity) and generative (that which is created by the student).
Learning experiences can be said to exist within a continuum that ranges from the concrete (real-world situations) to the abstract (symbolic representation). Jerome Bruner describes three types of learning experiences: enactive, iconic, and symbolic. These experiences are divided into more specific instances by using Edgar Dale’s cone of experience.
The methods of delivering instructional experiences include traditional classroom teaching, programmed instruction (the arrangement of content that allows students to work independently while receiving feedback from the instructional presentation), and distance education (students and teachers working in geographically diverse locations). These methods can be described as providing either feedback to both instructor and students or providing feedback to the student alone.
Non-educational instructional events are a part of the discipline of human performance technology (HPT). A common example of an instructional design that is not intended to teach is the job aid. A job aid supports performance by relieving an individual of the need to memorize a set of steps or procedures.
Understanding the organization, scope, sequence, events, experiences, and delivery methods helps the instructional designer understand what is necessary to create instruction that is effective for a variety of learners—from the average student to those who require either more support or greater challenges.
Chapter Comprehension Questions
A course of study organized by its content and activities is called a ________.
Sequence.
Scope.
Lesson.
Curriculum.
The scope of an instructional event is ________.
The amount of information to be covered.
The order in which the information will be presented.
The sequence of instructional events.
The skills learners possess before instruction begins.
The sequence of an instructional event is like a ________.
Microscope.
Horizon.
Timeline.
Deadline.
According to Posner, curriculum can be organized using a content or a media structure.
True.
False.
The order of activities within a given lesson is referred to as _______.
The scope of instruction.
The list of instruction.
The horizontal organization of instruction.
The events of instruction.
A generative instructional event is one that is ________.
Created by the student.
Supplied by the instructor.
The result of careful planning.
The result of careful analysis.
According to Bruner, an iconic learning experience ________.
Offers explanations through sounds and signs that are directly associated with the situation.
Offers an actual experience of the situation.
Offers explanations through symbols or representations associated with the situation.
Offers no participation or explanation of the situation.
Dale’s cone of experience has abstractions (text, pictograms, etc.) at its base and immersive, “real” experience at its top point.
True.
False.
The arrangement of content materials that allows a student working independently to form responses and receive feedback on those responses is known as ________.
Programmed instruction.
Just-in-time teaching.
Reflective teaching.
Distance education.
A device used to relieve an individual of the need to memorize a procedure is referred to as ________.
Programmed instruction.
A job aid.
Online learning.
An instructional event.
Connecting Process to Practice Activities
Could Steve have taken a different approach to organizing the Fun with Science program? Explain at least one other possibility for organizing and presenting the program.
What are some possible hidden curriculum issues that may be associated with Steve’s and Erin’s instructions?
If Erin’s superiors had requested that the safety and wellness program include a certificate of completion, what would she have to do to alter the organization of her instruction?
A multinational corporation has hired you as a consultant. The corporation is considering ways to offer business management courses to its employees worldwide. Explain the options for course delivery methods to the organization’s CEO.
You have been asked to develop a unit on ancient Egypt for fifth-grade students. What enactive, iconic, and symbolic experiences might you include in this unit?
You are the instructional designer for a nonprofit organization with a number of volunteer workers. The volunteers are often unfamiliar with the organization’s phone system, making it difficult for them to transfer calls. What might you do to address this problem?
You are the instructional designer for a university. The vice president of the university has asked to meet with you to discuss the possibility of offering a distance-education program leading to a bachelor’s degree in liberal arts. In order to make well-considered recommendations, what questions will you ask the vice president?
Examine the Common Core State Standards Initiative (see www.corestandards.org), and determine how the standards for English-Language Arts or Mathematics are organized at the macro and micro levels.
Recommended Reading
Dale, E. (1969). Audio-visual methods in teaching (3rd edn). New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
Posner, G.J. (2003). Analyzing the curriculum (3rd edn). New York: McGraw Hill.
References
Brown, A. & Green, T. (2017). Increased use of mobile technologies and digital content to provide un-tethered access to training and learning opportunities. In A. Brown & T. Green (eds), Educational multimedia and technology yearbook (Vol. 40, pp. 15–26). New York: Springer.
Brown, A. & Green, T. (2018). Issues and trends in instructional technology: Consistent growth in online learning, digital content and the use of mobile technologies. In A. Brown & T. Green (eds), Educational multimedia and technology yearbook (Vol. 41, pp. 61–71). New York: Springer.
Bruner, J.S. (1966). Toward a theory of instruction. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Dale, E. (1969). Audio-visual methods in teaching (3rd edn). New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
Fischer, B., Margulies, S., & Mosenfelder, D. (1972). Bobby Fischer teaches chess. New York: Bantam Books.
Gagne, R.M. (1985). The conditions of learning and theory of instruction. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
International Society for Performance Improvement (ISPI). (2013). What is HPT? Retrieved from www.hrispi.org/what-is-hpt-hampton-roads-ispi.
Orlich, D.C., Harder, R.J., Trevisan, M.S., Brown, A.H., & Miller, D.E. (2018). Teaching strategies: A guide to effective instruction (11th edn). Boston, MA: Wadsworth/Cengage Learning.
Posner, G.J. (2003). Analyzing the curriculum (3rd edn). New York: McGraw Hill.
Saettler, P. (1990). The evolution of American educational technology. Englewood, CO: Libraries Unlimited.
Simonson, M., Smaldino, S., Albright, M., & Zvacek, S. (2011). Teaching and learning at a distance: Foundations of distance education (5th edn). Boston, MA: Pearson.
Smaldino, S., Lowther, D.L., & Russell, J.D. (2008). Instructional technology and media for learning (9th edn). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill/Prentice Hall.
Smith, P.L. & Ragan, T.J. (2005). Instructional design (3rd edn). New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Whitaker, W. (2006). Words. Retrieved from http://lysy2.archives.nd.edu/cgi-bin/words.exe.
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@charset “utf-8”;
.fa.fa-pull-left, .fa.pull-left { margin-right: 0.3em; }
.fa, .fa-stack { display: inline-block; }
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.fa { font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 1; font-family: FontAwesome; font-size: inherit; text-rendering: auto; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; }
.fr-modal, .fr-popup, .fr-toolbar, .fr-tooltip { -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; }
.fa-lg { font-size: 1.33333em; line-height: 0.75em; vertical-align: -15%; }
.fa-2x { font-size: 2em; }
.fa-3x { font-size: 3em; }
.fa-4x { font-size: 4em; }
.fa-5x { font-size: 5em; }
.fa-fw { width: 1.28571em; text-align: center; }
.fa-ul { padding-left: 0px; margin-left: 2.14286em; list-style-type: none; }
.fa.fa-pull-right, .fa.pull-right { margin-left: 0.3em; }
.fa-ul > li { position: relative; }
.fa-li { position: absolute; left: -2.14286em; width: 2.14286em; top: 0.142857em; text-align: center; }
.fa-li.fa-lg { left: -1.85714em; }
.fa-border { padding: 0.2em 0.25em 0.15em; border: 0.08em solid rgb(238, 238, 238); border-radius: 0.1em; }
.fa-pull-left { float: left; }
.fa-pull-right, .pull-right { float: right; }
.pull-left { float: left; }
.fa-spin { animation: 2s linear 0s infinite normal none running fa-spin; }
.fa-pulse { animation: 1s steps(8) 0s infinite normal none running fa-spin; }
@keyframes fa-spin {
0% { transform: rotate(0deg); }
100% { transform: rotate(359deg); }
}
.fa-rotate-90 { transform: rotate(90deg); }
.fa-rotate-180 { transform: rotate(180deg); }
.fa-rotate-270 { transform: rotate(270deg); }
.fa-flip-horizontal { transform: scale(-1, 1); }
.fa-flip-vertical { transform: scale(1, -1); }
:root .fa-flip-horizontal, :root .fa-flip-vertical, :root .fa-rotate-180, :root .fa-rotate-270, :root .fa-rotate-90 { filter: none; }
.fr-command.fr-btn + .fr-dropdown-menu .fr-dropdown-wrapper .fr-dropdown-content ul.fr-dropdown-list li a .fr-shortcut, .fr-overlay, .fr-popup.fr-hidden, .fr-tooltip, .fr-tooltip.fr-visible { }
.fa-stack { position: relative; width: 2em; height: 2em; line-height: 2em; vertical-align: middle; }
.fa-stack-1x, .fa-stack-2x { position: absolute; left: 0px; width: 100%; text-align: center; }
.fa-stack-1x { line-height: inherit; }
.fa-stack-2x { font-size: 2em; }
.fa-inverse { color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.fa-glass::before { content: “”; }
.fa-music::before { content: “”; }
.fa-search::before { content: “”; }
.fa-envelope-o::before { content: “”; }
.fa-heart::before { content: “”; }
.fa-star::before { content: “”; }
.fa-star-o::before { content: “”; }
.fa-user::before { content: “”; }
.fa-film::before { content: “”; }
.fa-th-large::before { content: “”; }
.fa-th::before { content: “”; }
.fa-th-list::before { content: “”; }
.fa-check::before { content: “”; }
.fa-close::before, .fa-remove::before, .fa-times::before { content: “”; }
.fa-search-plus::before { content: “”; }
.fa-search-minus::before { content: “”; }
.fa-power-off::before { content: “”; }
.fa-signal::before { content: “”; }
.fa-cog::before, .fa-gear::before { content: “”; }
.fa-trash-o::before { content: “”; }
.fa-home::before { content: “”; }
.fa-file-o::before { content: “”; }
.fa-clock-o::before { content: “”; }
.fa-road::before { content: “”; }
.fa-download::before { content: “”; }
.fa-arrow-circle-o-down::before { content: “”; }
.fa-arrow-circle-o-up::before { content: “”; }
.fa-inbox::before { content: “”; }
.fa-play-circle-o::before { content: “”; }
.fa-repeat::before, .fa-rotate-right::before { content: “”; }
.fa-refresh::before { content: “”; }
.fa-list-alt::before { content: “”; }
.fa-lock::before { content: “”; }
.fa-flag::before { content: “”; }
.fa-headphones::before { content: “”; }
.fa-volume-off::before { content: “”; }
.fa-volume-down::before { content: “”; }
.fa-volume-up::before { content: “”; }
.fa-qrcode::before { content: “”; }
.fa-barcode::before { content: “”; }
.fa-tag::before { content: “”; }
.fa-tags::before { content: “”; }
.fa-book::before { content: “”; }
.fa-bookmark::before { content: “”; }
.fa-print::before { content: “”; }
.fa-camera::before { content: “”; }
.fa-font::before { content: “”; }
.fa-bold::before { content: “”; }
.fa-italic::before { content: “”; }
.fa-text-height::before { content: “”; }
.fa-text-width::before { content: “”; }
.fa-align-left::before { content: “”; }
.fa-align-center::before { content: “”; }
.fa-align-right::before { content: “”; }
.fa-align-justify::before { content: “”; }
.fa-list::before { content: “”; }
.fa-dedent::before, .fa-outdent::before { content: “”; }
.fa-indent::before { content: “”; }
.fa-video-camera::before { content: “”; }
.fa-image::before, .fa-photo::before, .fa-picture-o::before { content: “”; }
.fa-pencil::before { content: “”; }
.fa-map-marker::before { content: “”; }
.fa-adjust::before { content: “”; }
.fa-tint::before { content: “”; }
.fa-edit::before, .fa-pencil-square-o::before { content: “”; }
.fa-share-square-o::before { content: “”; }
.fa-check-square-o::before { content: “”; }
.fa-arrows::before { content: “”; }
.fa-step-backward::before { content: “”; }
.fa-fast-backward::before { content: “”; }
.fa-backward::before { content: “”; }
.fa-play::before { content: “”; }
.fa-pause::before { content: “”; }
.fa-stop::before { content: “”; }
.fa-forward::before { content: “”; }
.fa-fast-forward::before { content: “”; }
.fa-step-forward::before { content: “”; }
.fa-eject::before { content: “”; }
.fa-chevron-left::before { content: “”; }
.fa-chevron-right::before { content: “”; }
.fa-plus-circle::before { content: “”; }
.fa-minus-circle::before { content: “”; }
.fa-times-circle::before { content: “”; }
.fa-check-circle::before { content: “”; }
.fa-question-circle::before { content: “”; }
.fa-info-circle::before { content: “”; }
.fa-crosshairs::before { content: “”; }
.fa-times-circle-o::before { content: “”; }
.fa-check-circle-o::before { content: “”; }
.fa-ban::before { content: “”; }
.fa-arrow-left::before { content: “”; }
.fa-arrow-right::before { content: “”; }
.fa-arrow-up::before { content: “”; }
.fa-arrow-down::before { content: “”; }
.fa-mail-forward::before, .fa-share::before { content: “”; }
.fa-expand::before { content: “”; }
.fa-compress::before { content: “”; }
.fa-plus::before { content: “”; }
.fa-minus::before { content: “”; }
.fa-asterisk::before { content: “”; }
.fa-exclamation-circle::before { content: “”; }
.fa-gift::before { content: “”; }
.fa-leaf::before { content: “”; }
.fa-fire::before { content: “”; }
.fa-eye::before { content: “”; }
.fa-eye-slash::before { content: “”; }
.fa-exclamation-triangle::before, .fa-warning::before { content: “”; }
.fa-plane::before { content: “”; }
.fa-calendar::before { content: “”; }
.fa-random::before { content: “”; }
.fa-comment::before { content: “”; }
.fa-magnet::before { content: “”; }
.fa-chevron-up::before { content: “”; }
.fa-chevron-down::before { content: “”; }
.fa-retweet::before { content: “”; }
.fa-shopping-cart::before { content: “”; }
.fa-folder::before { content: “”; }
.fa-folder-open::before { content: “”; }
.fa-arrows-v::before { content: “”; }
.fa-arrows-h::before { content: “”; }
.fa-bar-chart-o::before, .fa-bar-chart::before { content: “”; }
.fa-twitter-square::before { content: “”; }
.fa-facebook-square::before { content: “”; }
.fa-camera-retro::before { content: “”; }
.fa-key::before { content: “”; }
.fa-cogs::before, .fa-gears::before { content: “”; }
.fa-comments::before { content: “”; }
.fa-thumbs-o-up::before { content: “”; }
.fa-thumbs-o-down::before { content: “”; }
.fa-star-half::before { content: “”; }
.fa-heart-o::before { content: “”; }
.fa-sign-out::before { content: “”; }
.fa-linkedin-square::before { content: “”; }
.fa-thumb-tack::before { content: “”; }
.fa-external-link::before { content: “”; }
.fa-sign-in::before { content: “”; }
.fa-trophy::before { content: “”; }
.fa-github-square::before { content: “”; }
.fa-upload::before { content: “”; }
.fa-lemon-o::before { content: “”; }
.fa-phone::before { content: “”; }
.fa-square-o::before { content: “”; }
.fa-bookmark-o::before { content: “”; }
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.fa-wheelchair-alt::before { content: “”; }
.fa-question-circle-o::before { content: “”; }
.fa-blind::before { content: “”; }
.fa-audio-description::before { content: “”; }
.fa-volume-control-phone::before { content: “”; }
.fa-braille::before { content: “”; }
.fa-assistive-listening-systems::before { content: “”; }
.fa-american-sign-language-interpreting::before, .fa-asl-interpreting::before { content: “”; }
.fa-deaf::before, .fa-deafness::before, .fa-hard-of-hearing::before { content: “”; }
.fa-glide::before { content: “”; }
.fa-glide-g::before { content: “”; }
.fa-sign-language::before, .fa-signing::before { content: “”; }
.fa-low-vision::before { content: “”; }
.fa-viadeo::before { content: “”; }
.fa-viadeo-square::before { content: “”; }
.fa-snapchat::before { content: “”; }
.fa-snapchat-ghost::before { content: “”; }
.fa-snapchat-square::before { content: “”; }
.fa-pied-piper::before { content: “”; }
.fa-first-order::before { content: “”; }
.fa-yoast::before { content: “”; }
.fa-themeisle::before { content: “”; }
.fa-google-plus-circle::before, .fa-google-plus-official::before { content: “”; }
.fa-fa::before, .fa-font-awesome::before { content: “”; }
.fa-handshake-o::before { content: “”; }
.fa-envelope-open::before { content: “”; }
.fa-envelope-open-o::before { content: “”; }
.fa-linode::before { content: “”; }
.fa-address-book::before { content: “”; }
.fa-address-book-o::before { content: “”; }
.fa-address-card::before, .fa-vcard::before { content: “”; }
.fa-address-card-o::before, .fa-vcard-o::before { content: “”; }
.fa-user-circle::before { content: “”; }
.fa-user-circle-o::before { content: “”; }
.fa-user-o::before { content: “”; }
.fa-id-badge::before { content: “”; }
.fa-drivers-license::before, .fa-id-card::before { content: “”; }
.fa-drivers-license-o::before, .fa-id-card-o::before { content: “”; }
.fa-quora::before { content: “”; }
.fa-free-code-camp::before { content: “”; }
.fa-telegram::before { content: “”; }
.fa-thermometer-4::before, .fa-thermometer-full::before, .fa-thermometer::before { content: “”; }
.fa-thermometer-3::before, .fa-thermometer-three-quarters::before { content: “”; }
.fa-thermometer-2::before, .fa-thermometer-half::before { content: “”; }
.fa-thermometer-1::before, .fa-thermometer-quarter::before { content: “”; }
.fa-thermometer-0::before, .fa-thermometer-empty::before { content: “”; }
.fa-shower::before { content: “”; }
.fa-bath::before, .fa-bathtub::before, .fa-s15::before { content: “”; }
.fa-podcast::before { content: “”; }
.fa-window-maximize::before { content: “”; }
.fa-window-minimize::before { content: “”; }
.fa-window-restore::before { content: “”; }
.fa-times-rectangle::before, .fa-window-close::before { content: “”; }
.fa-times-rectangle-o::before, .fa-window-close-o::before { content: “”; }
.fa-bandcamp::before { content: “”; }
.fa-grav::before { content: “”; }
.fa-etsy::before { content: “”; }
.fa-imdb::before { content: “”; }
.fa-ravelry::before { content: “”; }
.fa-eercast::before { content: “”; }
.fa-microchip::before { content: “”; }
.fa-snowflake-o::before { content: “”; }
.fa-superpowers::before { content: “”; }
.fa-wpexplorer::before { content: “”; }
.fa-meetup::before { content: “”; }
.sr-only { position: absolute; width: 1px; height: 1px; padding: 0px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; clip: rect(0px, 0px, 0px, 0px); border: 0px; }
.sr-only-focusable:active, .sr-only-focusable:focus { position: static; width: auto; height: auto; margin: 0px; overflow: visible; clip: auto; }
.fr-box a.fr-floating-btn.fr-btn + .fr-btn, .fr-image-size-layer .fr-image-group .fr-input-line + .fr-input-line, .fr-popup .fr-video-size-layer .fr-video-group .fr-input-line + .fr-input-line { margin-left: 10px; }
.fr-element, .fr-element:focus { outline: transparent solid 0px; }
.fr-box.fr-basic .fr-element { color: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 16px; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-x: auto; min-height: 52px; }
.fr-box.fr-basic.fr-rtl .fr-element { text-align: right; }
.fr-element { background: 0px 0px; position: relative; z-index: 2; user-select: auto; }
.fr-box a.fr-floating-btn, .fr-box.fr-basic.fr-top .fr-wrapper { box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12) 0px 1px 3px, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.16) 0px 1px 1px 1px; }
.fr-element a { user-select: auto; }
.fr-element.fr-disabled, .fr-popup, .fr-popup .fr-command.fr-btn, .fr-toolbar .fr-command.fr-btn, .fr-tooltip { user-select: none; }
.fr-element.fr-disabled { user-select: none; }
.fr-element [contenteditable=”true”] { outline: transparent solid 0px; }
.fr-box a.fr-floating-btn { box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12) 0px 1px 3px, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.16) 0px 1px 1px 1px; border-radius: 100%; height: 32px; width: 32px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(30, 136, 229); transition: background 0.2s ease 0s, color 0.2s ease 0s, transform 0.2s ease 0s; outline: 0px; left: 0px; top: 0px; line-height: 32px; transform: scale(0); text-align: center; display: block; box-sizing: border-box; border: none; }
.fr-box a.fr-floating-btn svg { transition: transform 0.2s ease 0s; fill: rgb(30, 136, 229); }
.fr-box a.fr-floating-btn i, .fr-box a.fr-floating-btn svg { font-size: 14px; line-height: 32px; }
.fr-box a.fr-floating-btn:hover { background: rgb(235, 235, 235); cursor: pointer; }
.fr-box a.fr-floating-btn:hover svg { fill: rgb(30, 136, 229); }
.fr-box .fr-visible a.fr-floating-btn { transform: scale(1); }
iframe.fr-iframe { width: 100%; border: none; position: relative; display: block; z-index: 2; box-sizing: border-box; }
.fr-wrapper { position: relative; z-index: 1; }
.fr-wrapper::after { clear: both; display: block; content: “”; height: 0px; }
.fr-wrapper .fr-placeholder { position: absolute; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(170, 170, 170); z-index: 1; display: none; top: 0px; left: 0px; right: 0px; overflow: hidden; pointer-events: none; }
.fr-wrapper.show-placeholder .fr-placeholder { display: block; position: relative; }
.fr-wrapper ::selection { background: rgb(181, 214, 253); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); }
.fr-box.fr-basic .fr-wrapper { background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; top: 0px; left: 0px; }
.fr-box.fr-basic.fr-top .fr-wrapper { border-top: 0px; border-radius: 0px 0px 2px 2px; background-clip: padding-box; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12) 0px 1px 3px, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.16) 0px 1px 1px 1px; }
.fr-box.fr-basic.fr-bottom .fr-wrapper { border-bottom: 0px; border-radius: 2px 2px 0px 0px; background-clip: padding-box; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12) 0px -1px 3px, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.16) 0px -1px 1px 1px; }
@media (min-width: 992px) {
.fr-box.fr-document { min-width: calc(853.701px); }
.fr-box.fr-document .fr-wrapper { text-align: left; padding: 30px; min-width: 21cm; background: rgb(239, 239, 239); }
.fr-box.fr-document .fr-wrapper .fr-element { text-align: left; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); width: 21cm; margin: auto; padding: 1cm 2cm; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12) 0px 1px 3px, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.16) 0px 1px 1px 1px; z-index: auto; min-height: 26cm !important; }
.fr-box.fr-document .fr-wrapper .fr-element hr { margin-left: -2cm; margin-right: -2cm; background: rgb(239, 239, 239); height: 1cm; outline: 0px; border: none; }
.fr-box.fr-document .fr-wrapper .fr-element img { z-index: 1; }
}
.fr-command.fr-btn.fr-active + .fr-dropdown-menu, .fr-tooltip { box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.16) 0px 3px 6px, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.14) 0px 2px 2px 1px; }
.fr-tooltip { position: absolute; top: 0px; padding: 0px 8px; border-radius: 2px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.16) 0px 3px 6px, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.14) 0px 2px 2px 1px; background: rgb(34, 34, 34); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 11px; line-height: 22px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; transition: opacity 0.2s ease 0s; opacity: 0; left: -3000px; user-select: none; z-index: 2147483647; text-rendering: optimizelegibility; }
.fr-tooltip.fr-visible { opacity: 1; }
.fr-popup .fr-btn-wrap, .fr-toolbar .fr-btn-wrap { float: left; white-space: nowrap; position: relative; }
.fr-popup .fr-btn-wrap.fr-hidden, .fr-toolbar .fr-btn-wrap.fr-hidden { display: none; }
.fr-popup .fr-command.fr-btn, .fr-toolbar .fr-command.fr-btn { background: 0px 0px padding-box; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); outline: 0px; border: 0px; line-height: 1; cursor: pointer; text-align: left; margin: 0px 2px; transition: background 0.2s ease 0s; border-radius: 0px; z-index: 2; position: relative; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: none; user-select: none; float: left; padding: 0px; width: 38px; height: 38px; }
.fr-popup .fr-command.fr-btn.fr-btn-text, .fr-toolbar .fr-command.fr-btn.fr-btn-text { width: auto; }
.fr-popup .fr-command.fr-btn i, .fr-popup .fr-command.fr-btn svg, .fr-toolbar .fr-command.fr-btn i, .fr-toolbar .fr-command.fr-btn svg { display: block; font-size: 14px; width: 14px; margin: 12px; text-align: center; float: none; }
.fr-popup .fr-command.fr-btn span.fr-sr-only, .fr-toolbar .fr-command.fr-btn span.fr-sr-only { position: absolute; width: 1px; height: 1px; padding: 0px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; clip: rect(0px, 0px, 0px, 0px); border: 0px; }
.fr-popup .fr-command.fr-btn span, .fr-toolbar .fr-command.fr-btn span { font-size: 14px; display: block; line-height: 17px; min-width: 34px; float: left; text-overflow: ellipsis; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; height: 17px; font-weight: 700; padding: 0px 2px; }
.fr-popup, .fr-popup .fr-command.fr-btn.fr-hidden, .fr-toolbar .fr-command.fr-btn.fr-hidden { display: none; }
.fr-popup .fr-command.fr-btn img, .fr-toolbar .fr-command.fr-btn img { margin: 12px; width: 14px; }
.fr-popup .fr-command.fr-btn.fr-active, .fr-toolbar .fr-command.fr-btn.fr-active { color: rgb(30, 136, 229); background: 0px 0px; }
.fr-popup .fr-command.fr-btn.fr-dropdown.fr-selection, .fr-toolbar .fr-command.fr-btn.fr-dropdown.fr-selection { width: auto; }
.fr-popup .fr-command.fr-btn.fr-dropdown.fr-selection span, .fr-toolbar .fr-command.fr-btn.fr-dropdown.fr-selection span { font-weight: 400; }
.fr-popup .fr-command.fr-btn.fr-dropdown i, .fr-popup .fr-command.fr-btn.fr-dropdown img, .fr-popup .fr-command.fr-btn.fr-dropdown span, .fr-popup .fr-command.fr-btn.fr-dropdown svg, .fr-toolbar .fr-command.fr-btn.fr-dropdown i, .fr-toolbar .fr-command.fr-btn.fr-dropdown img, .fr-toolbar .fr-command.fr-btn.fr-dropdown span, .fr-toolbar .fr-command.fr-btn.fr-dropdown svg { margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 16px; }
.fr-popup .fr-command.fr-btn.fr-dropdown.fr-active, .fr-toolbar .fr-command.fr-btn.fr-dropdown.fr-active { color: rgb(34, 34, 34); background: rgb(214, 214, 214); }
.fr-popup .fr-command.fr-btn.fr-dropdown.fr-active:focus, .fr-popup .fr-command.fr-btn.fr-dropdown.fr-active:hover, .fr-toolbar .fr-command.fr-btn.fr-dropdown.fr-active:focus, .fr-toolbar .fr-command.fr-btn.fr-dropdown.fr-active:hover { background: rgb(214, 214, 214) !important; color: rgb(34, 34, 34) !important; }
.fr-popup .fr-command.fr-btn.fr-dropdown.fr-active:focus::after, .fr-popup .fr-command.fr-btn.fr-dropdown.fr-active:hover::after, .fr-toolbar .fr-command.fr-btn.fr-dropdown.fr-active:focus::after, .fr-toolbar .fr-command.fr-btn.fr-dropdown.fr-active:hover::after { border-top-color: rgb(34, 34, 34) !important; }
.fr-popup .fr-command.fr-btn.fr-dropdown::after, .fr-toolbar .fr-command.fr-btn.fr-dropdown::after { position: absolute; width: 0px; height: 0px; border-left: 4px solid transparent; border-right: 4px solid transparent; border-top: 4px solid rgb(34, 34, 34); right: 4px; top: 17px; content: “”; }
.fr-popup .fr-command.fr-btn.fr-disabled, .fr-toolbar .fr-command.fr-btn.fr-disabled { color: rgb(189, 189, 189); cursor: default; }
.fr-popup .fr-command.fr-btn.fr-disabled::after, .fr-toolbar .fr-command.fr-btn.fr-disabled::after { border-top-color: rgb(189, 189, 189) !important; }
.fr-popup.fr-disabled .fr-btn, .fr-popup.fr-disabled .fr-btn.fr-active, .fr-toolbar.fr-disabled .fr-btn, .fr-toolbar.fr-disabled .fr-btn.fr-active { color: rgb(189, 189, 189); }
.fr-popup.fr-disabled .fr-btn.fr-active.fr-dropdown::after, .fr-popup.fr-disabled .fr-btn.fr-dropdown::after, .fr-toolbar.fr-disabled .fr-btn.fr-active.fr-dropdown::after, .fr-toolbar.fr-disabled .fr-btn.fr-dropdown::after { border-top-color: rgb(189, 189, 189); }
.fr-popup.fr-rtl .fr-btn-wrap, .fr-popup.fr-rtl .fr-command.fr-btn, .fr-toolbar.fr-rtl .fr-btn-wrap, .fr-toolbar.fr-rtl .fr-command.fr-btn { float: right; }
.fr-toolbar.fr-inline > .fr-btn-wrap:not(.fr-hidden), .fr-toolbar.fr-inline > .fr-command.fr-btn:not(.fr-hidden) { display: inline-flex; float: none; }
.fr-desktop .fr-command.fr-btn-hover, .fr-desktop .fr-command.fr-expanded, .fr-desktop .fr-command:focus, .fr-desktop .fr-command:hover { outline: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); background: rgb(235, 235, 235); }
.fr-desktop .fr-command.fr-btn-hover::after, .fr-desktop .fr-command.fr-expanded::after, .fr-desktop .fr-command:focus::after, .fr-desktop .fr-command:hover::after { border-top-color: rgb(34, 34, 34) !important; }
.fr-desktop .fr-command.fr-selected { color: rgb(34, 34, 34); background: rgb(214, 214, 214); }
.fr-desktop .fr-command.fr-active.fr-btn-hover, .fr-desktop .fr-command.fr-active.fr-expanded, .fr-desktop .fr-command.fr-active:focus, .fr-desktop .fr-command.fr-active:hover { color: rgb(30, 136, 229); background: rgb(235, 235, 235); }
.fr-desktop .fr-command.fr-active.fr-selected { color: rgb(30, 136, 229); background: rgb(214, 214, 214); }
.fr-desktop .fr-command.fr-disabled.fr-selected, .fr-desktop .fr-command.fr-disabled:focus, .fr-desktop .fr-command.fr-disabled:hover, .fr-desktop.fr-disabled .fr-command.fr-selected, .fr-desktop.fr-disabled .fr-command:focus, .fr-desktop.fr-disabled .fr-command:hover, .fr-popup.fr-mobile .fr-command.fr-blink, .fr-toolbar.fr-mobile .fr-command.fr-blink { background: 0px 0px; }
.fr-command.fr-btn.fr-options { width: 16px; margin-left: -5px; }
.fr-command.fr-btn.fr-options.fr-btn-hover, .fr-command.fr-btn.fr-options:focus, .fr-command.fr-btn.fr-options:hover { border-left: 1px solid rgb(250, 250, 250); }
.fr-command.fr-btn + .fr-dropdown-menu { display: inline-block; position: absolute; right: auto; bottom: auto; height: auto; z-index: 4; overflow: hidden; zoom: 1; border-radius: 0px 0px 2px 2px; background-clip: padding-box; }
.fr-modal, .fr-overlay { bottom: 0px; position: fixed; }
.fr-command.fr-btn + .fr-dropdown-menu.test-height .fr-dropdown-wrapper { transition: none 0s ease 0s; height: auto; max-height: 275px; }
.fr-command.fr-btn + .fr-dropdown-menu .fr-dropdown-wrapper { background: rgb(255, 255, 255); padding: 0px; margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: auto; margin-left: auto; display: inline-block; text-align: left; position: relative; box-sizing: border-box; transition: max-height 0.2s ease 0s; float: left; max-height: 0px; height: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; }
.fr-popup .fr-checkbox, img.fr-bordered { box-sizing: content-box; }
.fr-command.fr-btn + .fr-dropdown-menu .fr-dropdown-wrapper .fr-dropdown-content { overflow: auto; position: relative; max-height: 275px; }
.fr-command.fr-btn + .fr-dropdown-menu .fr-dropdown-wrapper .fr-dropdown-content ul.fr-dropdown-list { list-style-type: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; }
.fr-command.fr-btn + .fr-dropdown-menu .fr-dropdown-wrapper .fr-dropdown-content ul.fr-dropdown-list li { padding: 0px; margin: 0px; font-size: 15px; }
.fr-command.fr-btn + .fr-dropdown-menu .fr-dropdown-wrapper .fr-dropdown-content ul.fr-dropdown-list li a { padding: 0px 24px; line-height: 200%; display: block; cursor: pointer; white-space: nowrap; color: inherit; text-decoration: none; }
.fr-command.fr-btn + .fr-dropdown-menu .fr-dropdown-wrapper .fr-dropdown-content ul.fr-dropdown-list li a.fr-active { background: rgb(214, 214, 214); }
.fr-command.fr-btn + .fr-dropdown-menu .fr-dropdown-wrapper .fr-dropdown-content ul.fr-dropdown-list li a.fr-disabled { color: rgb(189, 189, 189); cursor: default; }
.fr-command.fr-btn + .fr-dropdown-menu .fr-dropdown-wrapper .fr-dropdown-content ul.fr-dropdown-list li a .fr-shortcut { float: right; margin-left: 32px; font-weight: 700; opacity: 0.75; }
.fr-command.fr-btn:not(.fr-active) + .fr-dropdown-menu { left: -3000px !important; }
.fr-command.fr-btn.fr-active + .fr-dropdown-menu { display: inline-block; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.16) 0px 3px 6px, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.14) 0px 2px 2px 1px; }
.fr-command.fr-btn.fr-active + .fr-dropdown-menu .fr-dropdown-wrapper { height: auto; max-height: 275px; }
.fr-bottom > .fr-command.fr-btn + .fr-dropdown-menu { border-radius: 2px 2px 0px 0px; background-clip: padding-box; }
.fr-popup.fr-rtl .fr-dropdown-wrapper, .fr-toolbar.fr-rtl .fr-dropdown-wrapper { text-align: right !important; }
body.prevent-scroll { overflow: hidden; }
body.prevent-scroll.fr-mobile { position: fixed; }
.fr-modal { color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; overflow: auto scroll; top: 0px; left: 0px; right: 0px; width: 100%; z-index: 2147483640; text-rendering: optimizelegibility; text-align: center; line-height: 1.2; }
.fr-modal.fr-middle .fr-modal-wrapper { top: 50%; left: 50%; transform: translate(-50%, -50%); position: absolute; margin: 0px auto; }
.fr-modal .fr-modal-wrapper { border-radius: 2px; margin: 20px auto; display: inline-block; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-width: 300px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.19) 0px 5px 8px, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.14) 0px 4px 3px 1px; border-width: 5px 0px 0px; border-right-style: initial; border-bottom-style: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(34, 34, 34); overflow: hidden; width: 90%; position: relative; }
@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 991px) {
.fr-modal .fr-modal-wrapper { margin: 30px auto; width: 70%; }
}
@media (min-width: 992px) {
.fr-modal .fr-modal-wrapper { margin: 50px auto; width: 960px; }
}
.fr-modal .fr-modal-wrapper .fr-modal-head { background: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.16) 0px 3px 6px, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.14) 0px 2px 2px 1px; border-bottom: 0px; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; width: 100%; min-height: 42px; z-index: 3; transition: height 0.2s ease 0s; }
.fr-modal .fr-modal-wrapper .fr-modal-head .fr-modal-close { padding: 12px; width: 20px; font-size: 30px; cursor: pointer; line-height: 18px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); box-sizing: content-box; position: absolute; top: 0px; right: 0px; transition: color 0.2s ease 0s; }
.fr-modal .fr-modal-wrapper .fr-modal-head h4 { font-size: 18px; padding: 12px 10px; margin: 0px; font-weight: 400; line-height: 18px; display: inline-block; float: left; }
.fr-modal .fr-modal-wrapper div.fr-modal-body { height: 100%; min-height: 150px; overflow-y: auto; padding-bottom: 10px; }
.fr-modal .fr-modal-wrapper div.fr-modal-body:focus { outline: 0px; }
.fr-modal .fr-modal-wrapper div.fr-modal-body button.fr-command { height: 36px; line-height: 1; color: rgb(30, 136, 229); padding: 10px; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; border: none; background: 0px 0px padding-box; font-size: 16px; outline: 0px; transition: background 0.2s ease 0s; border-radius: 2px; }
.fr-modal .fr-modal-wrapper div.fr-modal-body button.fr-command + button { margin-left: 24px; }
.fr-modal .fr-modal-wrapper div.fr-modal-body button.fr-command:focus, .fr-modal .fr-modal-wrapper div.fr-modal-body button.fr-command:hover { background: rgb(235, 235, 235); color: rgb(30, 136, 229); }
.fr-modal .fr-modal-wrapper div.fr-modal-body button.fr-command:active { background: rgb(214, 214, 214); color: rgb(30, 136, 229); }
.fr-desktop .fr-modal-wrapper .fr-modal-head i:hover { background: rgb(235, 235, 235); }
.fr-overlay { top: 0px; left: 0px; right: 0px; background: rgb(0, 0, 0); opacity: 0.5; z-index: 2147483639; }
.fr-popup { position: absolute; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); background: padding-box rgb(255, 255, 255); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12) 0px 1px 3px, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.16) 0px 1px 1px 1px; border-radius: 2px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: none; margin-top: 10px; z-index: 2147483635; text-align: left; border-width: 5px 0px 0px; border-right-style: initial; border-bottom-style: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-rendering: optimizelegibility; line-height: 1.2; }
.fr-popup .fr-input-focus { background: rgb(245, 245, 245); }
.fr-popup.fr-above { margin-top: -10px; border-top: 0px; border-bottom: 5px solid rgb(34, 34, 34); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12) 0px -1px 3px, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.16) 0px -1px 1px 1px; }
.fr-popup.fr-active { display: block; }
.fr-popup.fr-hidden { opacity: 0; }
.fr-popup.fr-empty { display: none !important; }
.fr-popup .fr-hs { display: block !important; }
.fr-popup .fr-hs.fr-hidden { display: none !important; }
.fr-popup .fr-input-line { position: relative; padding: 8px 0px; }
.fr-popup .fr-input-line input[type=”text”], .fr-popup .fr-input-line textarea { width: 100%; margin: 0px 0px 1px; border-top: none; border-right: none; border-left: none; border-image: initial; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(189, 189, 189); color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 14px; padding: 6px 0px 2px; background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); position: relative; z-index: 2; box-sizing: border-box; }
.fr-popup .fr-input-line input[type=”text”]:focus, .fr-popup .fr-input-line textarea:focus { border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(30, 136, 229); margin-bottom: 0px; }
.fr-popup .fr-input-line input + label, .fr-popup .fr-input-line textarea + label { position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; font-size: 12px; color: transparent; transition: color 0.2s ease 0s; z-index: 3; width: 100%; display: block; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.fr-popup .fr-input-line input.fr-not-empty:focus + label, .fr-popup .fr-input-line textarea.fr-not-empty:focus + label { color: rgb(30, 136, 229); }
.fr-popup .fr-input-line input.fr-not-empty + label, .fr-popup .fr-input-line textarea.fr-not-empty + label { color: grey; }
.fr-popup input, .fr-popup textarea { user-select: text; border-radius: 0px; background-clip: padding-box; outline: 0px; }
.fr-box .fr-video-resizer, .fr-element .fr-video, .fr-image-resizer, .fr-toolbar, .fr-view hr { }
.fr-popup textarea { resize: none; }
.fr-popup .fr-buttons { box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12) 0px 1px 3px, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.16) 0px 1px 1px 1px; padding: 0px 2px; white-space: nowrap; line-height: 0; border-bottom: 0px; }
.fr-popup .fr-buttons::after { clear: both; display: block; content: “”; height: 0px; }
.fr-popup .fr-buttons .fr-btn { display: inline-block; float: none; }
.fr-popup .fr-buttons .fr-btn i { float: left; }
.fr-popup .fr-buttons .fr-separator { display: inline-block; float: none; }
.fr-popup .fr-layer { width: 225px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 10px; display: none; }
@media (min-width: 768px) {
.fr-popup .fr-layer { width: 300px; }
}
.fr-popup .fr-layer.fr-active { display: inline-block; }
.fr-popup .fr-action-buttons { z-index: 7; height: 36px; text-align: right; }
.fr-popup .fr-action-buttons button.fr-command { height: 36px; line-height: 1; color: rgb(30, 136, 229); padding: 10px; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; border: none; background: 0px 0px padding-box; font-size: 16px; outline: 0px; transition: background 0.2s ease 0s; border-radius: 2px; }
.fr-popup .fr-action-buttons button.fr-command + button { margin-left: 24px; }
.fr-popup .fr-action-buttons button.fr-command:focus, .fr-popup .fr-action-buttons button.fr-command:hover { background: rgb(235, 235, 235); color: rgb(30, 136, 229); }
.fr-popup .fr-action-buttons button.fr-command:active { background: rgb(214, 214, 214); color: rgb(30, 136, 229); }
.fr-popup .fr-checkbox { position: relative; display: inline-block; width: 16px; height: 16px; line-height: 1; box-sizing: content-box; vertical-align: middle; }
.fr-popup .fr-checkbox span, .fr-text-edit-layer { box-sizing: border-box; }
.fr-popup .fr-checkbox svg { margin-left: 2px; margin-top: 2px; display: none; width: 10px; height: 10px; }
.fr-popup .fr-checkbox span { border: 1px solid rgb(34, 34, 34); border-radius: 2px; background-clip: padding-box; width: 16px; height: 16px; display: inline-block; position: relative; z-index: 1; box-sizing: border-box; transition: background 0.2s ease 0s, border-color 0.2s ease 0s; }
.fr-popup .fr-checkbox input { position: absolute; z-index: 2; opacity: 0; border: 0px; cursor: pointer; height: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 16px; top: 1px; left: 1px; }
.fr-opacity-0, .fr-popup .fr-image-upload-layer .fr-form, .fr-popup .fr-video-upload-layer .fr-form { opacity: 0; }
.fr-popup .fr-checkbox input:checked + span { background: rgb(30, 136, 229); border-color: rgb(30, 136, 229); }
.fr-popup .fr-checkbox input:checked + span svg { display: block; }
.fr-popup .fr-checkbox input:focus + span { border-color: rgb(30, 136, 229); }
.fr-popup .fr-checkbox-line { font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.4px; margin-top: 10px; }
.fr-popup .fr-checkbox-line label { cursor: pointer; margin: 0px 5px; vertical-align: middle; }
.fr-popup.fr-rtl { direction: rtl; text-align: right; }
.fr-popup.fr-rtl .fr-action-buttons, .fr-toolbar { text-align: left; }
.fr-popup.fr-rtl .fr-input-line input + label, .fr-popup.fr-rtl .fr-input-line textarea + label { left: auto; right: 0px; }
.fr-popup.fr-rtl .fr-buttons .fr-separator.fr-vs { float: right; }
.fr-popup .fr-arrow { width: 0px; height: 0px; border-left: 5px solid transparent; border-right: 5px solid transparent; border-bottom: 5px solid rgb(34, 34, 34); position: absolute; top: -9px; left: 50%; margin-left: -5px; display: inline-block; }
.fr-popup.fr-above .fr-arrow { top: auto; bottom: -9px; border-bottom: 0px; border-top: 5px solid rgb(34, 34, 34); }
.fr-text-edit-layer { width: 250px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block !important; }
.fr-toolbar { color: rgb(34, 34, 34); background: padding-box rgb(255, 255, 255); position: relative; z-index: 4; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box; user-select: none; padding: 0px 2px; border-radius: 2px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12) 0px 1px 3px, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.16) 0px 1px 1px 1px; border-width: 5px 0px 0px; border-right-style: initial; border-bottom-style: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(34, 34, 34); text-rendering: optimizelegibility; line-height: 1.2; }
.fr-toolbar::after { clear: both; display: block; content: “”; height: 0px; }
.fr-toolbar.fr-rtl { text-align: right; }
.fr-toolbar.fr-inline { display: none; white-space: nowrap; position: absolute; margin-top: 10px; }
.fr-toolbar.fr-inline .fr-arrow { width: 0px; height: 0px; border-left: 5px solid transparent; border-right: 5px solid transparent; border-bottom: 5px solid rgb(34, 34, 34); position: absolute; top: -9px; left: 50%; margin-left: -5px; display: inline-block; }
.fr-toolbar.fr-inline.fr-above { margin-top: -10px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12) 0px -1px 3px, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.16) 0px -1px 1px 1px; border-bottom: 5px solid rgb(34, 34, 34); border-top: 0px; }
.fr-toolbar.fr-bottom, .fr-toolbar.fr-top { background-clip: padding-box; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12) 0px 1px 3px, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.16) 0px 1px 1px 1px; }
.fr-toolbar.fr-inline.fr-above .fr-arrow { top: auto; bottom: -9px; border-bottom: 0px; border-top-color: inherit; border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 5px; }
.fr-toolbar.fr-top { top: 0px; border-radius: 2px 2px 0px 0px; background-clip: padding-box; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12) 0px 1px 3px, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.16) 0px 1px 1px 1px; }
.fr-toolbar.fr-bottom { bottom: 0px; border-radius: 0px 0px 2px 2px; background-clip: padding-box; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12) 0px 1px 3px, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.16) 0px 1px 1px 1px; }
.fr-separator { background: rgb(235, 235, 235); display: block; vertical-align: top; float: left; }
.fr-separator + .fr-separator { display: none; }
.fr-separator.fr-vs { height: 34px; width: 1px; margin: 2px; }
.fr-separator.fr-hs { clear: both; height: 1px; width: calc(100% – 4px); margin: 0px 2px; }
.fr-separator.fr-hidden { display: none !important; }
.fr-rtl .fr-separator { float: right; }
.fr-toolbar.fr-inline .fr-separator.fr-hs { float: none; }
.fr-toolbar.fr-inline .fr-separator.fr-vs { float: none; display: inline-block; }
.fr-visibility-helper { display: none; margin-left: 0px !important; }
@media (min-width: 768px) {
.fr-visibility-helper { margin-left: 1px !important; }
}
@media (min-width: 992px) {
.fr-visibility-helper { margin-left: 2px !important; }
}
@media (min-width: 1200px) {
.fr-visibility-helper { margin-left: 3px !important; }
}
.fr-opacity-0 { opacity: 0; }
.fr-box { position: relative; }
.fr-sticky { position: sticky; }
.fr-sticky-off { position: relative; }
.fr-sticky-on { position: fixed; }
.fr-sticky-on.fr-sticky-ios { position: absolute; left: 0px; right: 0px; width: auto !important; }
.fr-sticky-dummy { display: none; }
.fr-sticky-box > .fr-sticky-dummy, .fr-sticky-on + .fr-sticky-dummy { display: block; }
span.fr-sr-only { position: absolute; width: 1px; height: 1px; padding: 0px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; clip: rect(0px, 0px, 0px, 0px); border: 0px; }
.fr-img-caption.fr-rounded img, img.fr-rounded { border-radius: 10px; background-clip: padding-box; }
.fr-img-caption.fr-bordered img, img.fr-bordered { border: 5px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); }
img.fr-bordered { box-sizing: content-box; }
.fr-img-caption.fr-bordered img { box-sizing: border-box; }
.fr-image-resizer, .fr-view .fr-video > * { box-sizing: content-box; }
.fr-img-caption.fr-shadow img, img.fr-shadow { box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12) 0px 1px 3px, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.16) 0px 1px 1px 1px; }
.fr-view { overflow-wrap: break-word; }
.fr-view span[style~=”color:”] a { color: inherit; }
.fr-view strong { font-weight: 700; }
.fr-view table { border: none; border-collapse: collapse; empty-cells: show; max-width: 100%; }
.fr-view table td { min-width: 5px; }
.fr-view table.fr-dashed-borders td, .fr-view table.fr-dashed-borders th { border-style: dashed; }
.fr-view table.fr-alternate-rows tbody tr:nth-child(2n) { background: rgb(245, 245, 245); }
.fr-view table td, .fr-view table th { border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); }
.fr-view table td:empty, .fr-view table th:empty { height: 20px; }
.fr-view table td.fr-highlighted, .fr-view table th.fr-highlighted { border: 1px double red; }
.fr-view table td.fr-thick, .fr-view table th.fr-thick { border-width: 2px; }
.fr-view table th { background: rgb(230, 230, 230); }
.fr-view hr { clear: both; user-select: none; break-after: page; }
.fr-view .fr-file { position: relative; }
.fr-view .fr-file::after { position: relative; content: “📎”; font-weight: 400; }
.fr-view pre { white-space: pre-wrap; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: visible; }
.fr-view[dir=”rtl”] blockquote { border-left: none; border-right: 2px solid rgb(94, 53, 177); margin-right: 0px; padding-right: 5px; padding-left: 0px; }
.fr-view[dir=”rtl”] blockquote blockquote { border-color: rgb(0, 188, 212); }
.fr-view[dir=”rtl”] blockquote blockquote blockquote { border-color: rgb(67, 160, 71); }
.fr-view blockquote { border-left: 2px solid rgb(94, 53, 177); margin-left: 0px; padding-left: 5px; color: rgb(94, 53, 177); }
.fr-view blockquote blockquote { border-color: rgb(0, 188, 212); color: rgb(0, 188, 212); }
.fr-view blockquote blockquote blockquote { border-color: rgb(67, 160, 71); color: rgb(67, 160, 71); }
.fr-view span.fr-emoticon { font-weight: 400; font-family: “Apple Color Emoji”, “Segoe UI Emoji”, NotoColorEmoji, “Segoe UI Symbol”, “Android Emoji”, EmojiSymbols; display: inline; line-height: 0; }
.fr-view span.fr-emoticon.fr-emoticon-img { font-size: inherit; height: 1em; width: 1em; min-height: 20px; min-width: 20px; display: inline-block; margin: -0.1em 0.1em 0.1em; line-height: 1; vertical-align: middle; background-repeat: no-repeat !important; }
.fr-view .fr-text-gray { color: rgb(170, 170, 170) !important; }
.fr-view a.fr-green, a.fr-view.fr-green { color: green; }
.fr-view .fr-text-bordered { border-top: 1px solid rgb(34, 34, 34); border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(34, 34, 34); padding: 10px 0px; }
.fr-view .fr-text-spaced { letter-spacing: 1px; }
.fr-view .fr-text-uppercase { text-transform: uppercase; }
.fr-view .fr-class-highlighted { background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0); }
.fr-view .fr-class-code { border-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-radius: 2px; background: rgb(245, 245, 245); padding: 10px; font-family: “Courier New”, Courier, monospace; }
.fr-view .fr-class-transparency { opacity: 0.5; }
.fr-view img { position: relative; max-width: 100%; }
.fr-view img.fr-dib { margin: 5px auto; display: block; float: none; vertical-align: top; }
.fr-view img.fr-dib.fr-fil { margin-left: 0px; text-align: left; }
.fr-view img.fr-dib.fr-fir { margin-right: 0px; text-align: right; }
.fr-view img.fr-dii { display: inline-block; float: none; vertical-align: bottom; margin-left: 5px; margin-right: 5px; max-width: calc(100% – 10px); }
.fr-view img.fr-dii.fr-fil { float: left; margin: 5px 25px 5px 0px; max-width: calc(100% – 5px); }
.fr-view img.fr-dii.fr-fir { float: right; margin: 5px 0px 5px 5px; max-width: calc(100% – 5px); }
.fr-view span.fr-img-caption { position: relative; max-width: 100%; }
.fr-view span.fr-img-caption.fr-dib { margin: 5px auto; display: block; float: none; vertical-align: top; }
.fr-view span.fr-img-caption.fr-dib.fr-fil { margin-left: 0px; text-align: left; }
.fr-view span.fr-img-caption.fr-dib.fr-fir { margin-right: 0px; text-align: right; }
.fr-view span.fr-img-caption.fr-dii { display: inline-block; float: none; vertical-align: bottom; margin-left: 5px; margin-right: 5px; max-width: calc(100% – 10px); }
.fr-view span.fr-img-caption.fr-dii.fr-fil { float: left; margin: 5px 25px 5px 0px; max-width: calc(100% – 5px); }
.fr-view span.fr-img-caption.fr-dii.fr-fir { float: right; margin: 5px 0px 5px 5px; max-width: calc(100% – 5px); }
.fr-view .fr-video { text-align: center; position: relative; }
.fr-view .fr-video.fr-rv { padding-bottom: 56.25%; padding-top: 30px; height: 0px; overflow: hidden; }
.fr-view .fr-video.fr-rv embed, .fr-view .fr-video.fr-rv object, .fr-view .fr-video.fr-rv > iframe { top: 0px; left: 0px; width: 100%; height: 100%; position: absolute !important; }
.fr-view .fr-video > * { box-sizing: content-box; max-width: 100%; border: none; }
.fr-view .fr-video.fr-dvb { display: block; clear: both; }
.fr-view .fr-video.fr-dvb.fr-fvl { text-align: left; }
.fr-view .fr-video.fr-dvb.fr-fvr { text-align: right; }
.fr-view .fr-video.fr-dvi { display: inline-block; }
.fr-view .fr-video.fr-dvi.fr-fvl { float: left; }
.fr-view .fr-video.fr-dvi.fr-fvr { float: right; }
.fr-view a.fr-strong { font-weight: 700; }
.fr-view .fr-img-caption { text-align: center; }
.fr-view .fr-img-caption .fr-img-wrap { padding: 0px; display: inline-block; margin: auto; text-align: center; width: 100%; }
.fr-view .fr-img-caption .fr-img-wrap img { display: block; margin: auto; width: 100%; }
.fr-view .fr-img-caption .fr-img-wrap > span { margin: auto; display: block; padding: 5px 5px 10px; font-size: 14px; font-weight: initial; box-sizing: border-box; opacity: 0.9; width: 100%; text-align: center; }
.fr-view button.fr-rounded, .fr-view input.fr-rounded, .fr-view textarea.fr-rounded { border-radius: 10px; background-clip: padding-box; }
.fr-view button.fr-large, .fr-view input.fr-large, .fr-view textarea.fr-large { font-size: 24px; }
.fr-view ol, .fr-view ul { list-style-position: inside; }
a.fr-view.fr-strong { font-weight: 700; }
img.fr-view { position: relative; max-width: 100%; }
img.fr-view.fr-dib { margin: 5px auto; display: block; float: none; vertical-align: top; }
img.fr-view.fr-dib.fr-fil { margin-left: 0px; text-align: left; }
img.fr-view.fr-dib.fr-fir { margin-right: 0px; text-align: right; }
img.fr-view.fr-dii { display: inline-block; float: none; vertical-align: bottom; margin-left: 5px; margin-right: 5px; max-width: calc(100% – 10px); }
img.fr-view.fr-dii.fr-fil { float: left; margin: 5px 25px 5px 0px; max-width: calc(100% – 5px); }
img.fr-view.fr-dii.fr-fir { float: right; margin: 5px 0px 5px 5px; max-width: calc(100% – 5px); }
span.fr-img-caption.fr-view { position: relative; max-width: 100%; }
span.fr-img-caption.fr-view.fr-dib { margin: 5px auto; display: block; float: none; vertical-align: top; }
span.fr-img-caption.fr-view.fr-dib.fr-fil { margin-left: 0px; text-align: left; }
span.fr-img-caption.fr-view.fr-dib.fr-fir { margin-right: 0px; text-align: right; }
span.fr-img-caption.fr-view.fr-dii { display: inline-block; float: none; vertical-align: bottom; margin-left: 5px; margin-right: 5px; max-width: calc(100% – 10px); }
span.fr-img-caption.fr-view.fr-dii.fr-fil { float: left; margin: 5px 25px 5px 0px; max-width: calc(100% – 5px); }
span.fr-img-caption.fr-view.fr-dii.fr-fir { float: right; margin: 5px 0px 5px 5px; max-width: calc(100% – 5px); }
.fr-element img { cursor: pointer; padding: 0px 1px; }
.fr-popup .fr-image-upload-layer, .fr-popup .fr-video-upload-layer { padding: 25px 0px; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1px; line-height: 140%; text-align: center; }
.fr-image-resizer { position: absolute; border: 1px solid rgb(30, 136, 229); display: none; user-select: none; box-sizing: content-box; }
.fr-image-resizer.fr-active { display: block; }
.fr-image-resizer .fr-handler { display: block; position: absolute; background: rgb(30, 136, 229); border: 1px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); z-index: 4; box-sizing: border-box; width: 12px; height: 12px; }
.fr-image-resizer .fr-handler.fr-hnw { cursor: nw-resize; left: -6px; top: -6px; }
.fr-image-resizer .fr-handler.fr-hne { cursor: ne-resize; right: -6px; top: -6px; }
.fr-image-resizer .fr-handler.fr-hsw { cursor: sw-resize; left: -6px; bottom: -6px; }
.fr-image-resizer .fr-handler.fr-hse { cursor: se-resize; right: -6px; bottom: -6px; }
@media (min-width: 1200px) {
.fr-image-resizer .fr-handler { width: 10px; height: 10px; }
.fr-image-resizer .fr-handler.fr-hnw { left: -5px; top: -5px; }
.fr-image-resizer .fr-handler.fr-hne { right: -5px; top: -5px; }
.fr-image-resizer .fr-handler.fr-hsw { left: -5px; bottom: -5px; }
.fr-image-resizer .fr-handler.fr-hse { right: -5px; bottom: -5px; }
}
.fr-image-overlay { position: fixed; inset: 0px; z-index: 2147483640; display: none; }
.fr-popup .fr-image-upload-layer { border: 2px dashed rgb(189, 189, 189); position: relative; }
.fr-popup .fr-image-upload-layer:hover { background: rgb(235, 235, 235); }
.fr-popup .fr-image-upload-layer.fr-drop { background: rgb(235, 235, 235); border-color: rgb(30, 136, 229); }
.fr-popup .fr-image-upload-layer .fr-form { opacity: 0; position: absolute; inset: 0px; z-index: 2147483640; overflow: hidden; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; width: 100% !important; }
.fr-popup .fr-image-upload-layer .fr-form input { cursor: pointer; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 0px; bottom: 0px; width: 500%; height: 100%; margin: 0px; font-size: 400px; }
.fr-popup .fr-image-progress-bar-layer > h3 { font-size: 16px; margin: 10px 0px; font-weight: 400; }
.fr-popup .fr-image-progress-bar-layer > div.fr-action-buttons { display: none; }
.fr-popup .fr-image-progress-bar-layer > div.fr-loader { background: rgb(188, 219, 247); height: 10px; width: 100%; margin-top: 20px; overflow: hidden; position: relative; }
.fr-popup .fr-image-progress-bar-layer > div.fr-loader span { display: block; height: 100%; width: 0%; background: rgb(30, 136, 229); transition: width 0.2s ease 0s; }
.fr-popup .fr-image-progress-bar-layer > div.fr-loader.fr-indeterminate span { position: absolute; top: 0px; animation: 2s linear 0s infinite normal none running loading; width: 30% !important; }
.fr-popup .fr-image-progress-bar-layer.fr-error > div.fr-loader { display: none; }
.fr-popup .fr-image-progress-bar-layer.fr-error > div.fr-action-buttons { display: block; }
.fr-image-size-layer .fr-image-group .fr-input-line { width: calc(50% – 5px); display: inline-block; }
.fr-uploading { opacity: 0.4; }
@keyframes loading {
0% { left: -25%; }
100% { left: 100%; }
}
.clearfix::after { clear: both; display: block; content: “”; height: 0px; }
.hide-by-clipping { position: absolute; width: 1px; height: 1px; padding: 0px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; clip: rect(0px, 0px, 0px, 0px); border: 0px; }
.fr-element .fr-video { user-select: none; }
.fr-element .fr-video::after { position: absolute; content: “”; z-index: 1; inset: 0px; cursor: pointer; display: block; background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); }
.fr-element .fr-video.fr-active > * { z-index: 2; position: relative; }
.fr-element .fr-video > * { box-sizing: content-box; max-width: 100%; border: none; }
.fr-box .fr-video-resizer { position: absolute; border: 1px solid rgb(30, 136, 229); display: none; user-select: none; }
.fr-box .fr-video-resizer.fr-active { display: block; }
.fr-box .fr-video-resizer .fr-handler { display: block; position: absolute; background: rgb(30, 136, 229); border: 1px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); z-index: 4; box-sizing: border-box; width: 12px; height: 12px; }
.fr-box .fr-video-resizer .fr-handler.fr-hnw { cursor: nw-resize; left: -6px; top: -6px; }
.fr-box .fr-video-resizer .fr-handler.fr-hne { cursor: ne-resize; right: -6px; top: -6px; }
.fr-box .fr-video-resizer .fr-handler.fr-hsw { cursor: sw-resize; left: -6px; bottom: -6px; }
.fr-box .fr-video-resizer .fr-handler.fr-hse { cursor: se-resize; right: -6px; bottom: -6px; }
@media (min-width: 1200px) {
.fr-box .fr-video-resizer .fr-handler { width: 10px; height: 10px; }
.fr-box .fr-video-resizer .fr-handler.fr-hnw { left: -5px; top: -5px; }
.fr-box .fr-video-resizer .fr-handler.fr-hne { right: -5px; top: -5px; }
.fr-box .fr-video-resizer .fr-handler.fr-hsw { left: -5px; bottom: -5px; }
.fr-box .fr-video-resizer .fr-handler.fr-hse { right: -5px; bottom: -5px; }
}
.fr-popup .fr-video-size-layer .fr-video-group .fr-input-line { width: calc(50% – 5px); display: inline-block; }
.fr-popup .fr-video-upload-layer { border: 2px dashed rgb(189, 189, 189); position: relative; }
.fr-popup .fr-video-upload-layer:hover { background: rgb(235, 235, 235); }
.fr-popup .fr-video-upload-layer.fr-drop { background: rgb(235, 235, 235); border-color: rgb(30, 136, 229); }
.fr-popup .fr-video-upload-layer .fr-form { opacity: 0; position: absolute; inset: 0px; z-index: 2147483640; overflow: hidden; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; width: 100% !important; }
.fr-popup .fr-video-upload-layer .fr-form input { cursor: pointer; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 0px; bottom: 0px; width: 500%; height: 100%; margin: 0px; font-size: 400px; }
.fr-popup .fr-video-progress-bar-layer > h3 { font-size: 16px; margin: 10px 0px; font-weight: 400; }
.introjs-arrow.bottom-middle, .introjs-arrow.top-middle { margin-left: -5px; left: 50%; }
.fr-popup .fr-video-progress-bar-layer > div.fr-action-buttons { display: none; }
.fr-popup .fr-video-progress-bar-layer > div.fr-loader { background: rgb(188, 219, 247); height: 10px; width: 100%; margin-top: 20px; overflow: hidden; position: relative; }
.fr-popup .fr-video-progress-bar-layer > div.fr-loader span { display: block; height: 100%; width: 0%; background: rgb(30, 136, 229); transition: width 0.2s ease 0s; }
.introjs-helperLayer, .introjs-overlay { transition: all 0.3s ease-out 0s; box-sizing: content-box; }
.fr-popup .fr-video-progress-bar-layer > div.fr-loader.fr-indeterminate span { position: absolute; top: 0px; animation: 2s linear 0s infinite normal none running loading; width: 30% !important; }
.fr-popup .fr-video-progress-bar-layer.fr-error > div.fr-loader { display: none; }
.fr-popup .fr-video-progress-bar-layer.fr-error > div.fr-action-buttons { display: block; }
.fr-video-overlay { position: fixed; inset: 0px; z-index: 2147483640; display: none; }
.introjs-overlay { position: absolute; z-index: 999999; background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); opacity: 0; transition: all 0.3s ease-out 0s; }
.introjs-fixParent { z-index: auto !important; opacity: 1 !important; transform: none !important; }
.introjs-showElement, tr.introjs-showElement > td, tr.introjs-showElement > th { z-index: 9999999 !important; }
.introjs-disableInteraction { position: absolute; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); opacity: 0; z-index: 99999999 !important; }
.introjs-relativePosition, tr.introjs-showElement > td, tr.introjs-showElement > th { position: relative; }
.introjs-helperLayer { position: absolute; z-index: 9999998; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9); border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5); border-radius: 4px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4) 0px 2px 15px; transition: all 0.3s ease-out 0s; }
.introjs-tooltipReferenceLayer { box-sizing: content-box; position: absolute; visibility: hidden; z-index: 100000000; background-color: transparent; transition: all 0.3s ease-out 0s; }
.introjs-helperLayer *, .introjs-helperLayer ::after, .introjs-helperLayer ::before { box-sizing: content-box; }
.introjs-helperNumberLayer { box-sizing: content-box; position: absolute; visibility: visible; top: -16px; left: -16px; padding: 2px; font-family: Arial, verdana, tahoma; font-size: 13px; font-weight: 700; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 1px 1px 1px; background: linear-gradient(rgb(255, 48, 25) 0px, rgb(207, 4, 4) 100%); width: 20px; height: 20px; line-height: 20px; border: 3px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 50%; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4) 0px 2px 5px; z-index: 2147483647 !important; }
.introjs-arrow { border: 5px solid transparent; content: “”; position: absolute; }
.introjs-arrow.top, .introjs-arrow.top-middle, .introjs-arrow.top-right { top: -10px; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.introjs-arrow.top-right { right: 10px; }
.introjs-arrow.right { right: -10px; top: 10px; border-left-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.introjs-arrow.right-bottom { bottom: 10px; right: -10px; border-left-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.introjs-arrow.bottom, .introjs-arrow.bottom-middle, .introjs-arrow.bottom-right { bottom: -10px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.introjs-arrow.bottom-right { right: 10px; }
.introjs-arrow.left { left: -10px; top: 10px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.introjs-arrow.left-bottom { left: -10px; bottom: 10px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.introjs-tooltip { box-sizing: content-box; position: absolute; visibility: visible; padding: 10px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-width: 200px; max-width: 300px; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4) 0px 1px 10px; transition: opacity 0.1s ease-out 0s; }
.introjs-tooltipbuttons { text-align: right; white-space: nowrap; }
.introjs-button { box-sizing: content-box; position: relative; overflow: visible; display: inline-block; padding: 0.3em 0.8em; border: 1px solid rgb(212, 212, 212); margin: 10px 0px 0px; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 1px 1px 0px; font: 11px sans-serif; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); white-space: nowrap; cursor: pointer; outline: 0px; background-color: rgb(236, 236, 236); background-image: linear-gradient(rgb(244, 244, 244), rgb(236, 236, 236)); background-clip: padding; border-radius: 0.2em; zoom: 1; }
.introjs-button:hover { border-color: rgb(188, 188, 188); text-decoration: none; box-shadow: rgb(227, 227, 227) 0px 1px 1px; }
.introjs-button:active, .introjs-button:focus { background-image: linear-gradient(rgb(236, 236, 236), rgb(244, 244, 244)); }
.introjs-skipbutton { box-sizing: content-box; margin-right: 5px; color: rgb(122, 122, 122); }
.introjs-prevbutton { border-radius: 0.2em 0px 0px 0.2em; border-right: none; }
.introjs-prevbutton.introjs-fullbutton { border: 1px solid rgb(212, 212, 212); border-radius: 0.2em; }
.introjs-nextbutton { border-radius: 0px 0.2em 0.2em 0px; }
.introjs-nextbutton.introjs-fullbutton { border-radius: 0.2em; }
.introjs-disabled, .introjs-disabled:focus, .introjs-disabled:hover { color: rgb(154, 154, 154); border-color: rgb(212, 212, 212); box-shadow: none; cursor: default; background-color: rgb(244, 244, 244); background-image: none; text-decoration: none; }
.introjs-hidden { display: none; }
.introjs-bullets { text-align: center; }
.introjs-bullets ul { box-sizing: content-box; clear: both; margin: 15px auto 0px; padding: 0px; display: inline-block; }
.introjs-bullets ul li { box-sizing: content-box; list-style: none; float: left; margin: 0px 2px; }
.introjs-bullets ul li a { box-sizing: content-box; display: block; width: 6px; height: 6px; background: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-radius: 10px; text-decoration: none; cursor: pointer; }
.introjs-bullets ul li a.active, .introjs-bullets ul li a:hover { background: rgb(153, 153, 153); }
.introjs-progress { box-sizing: content-box; overflow: hidden; height: 10px; margin: 10px 0px 5px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: rgb(236, 240, 241); }
.introjs-progressbar { box-sizing: content-box; float: left; width: 0%; height: 100%; font-size: 10px; line-height: 10px; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(0, 136, 204); }
.introjsFloatingElement { position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 0px; left: 50%; top: 50%; }
.introjs-fixedTooltip { position: fixed; }
.introjs-hint, .introjs-hint-dot, .introjs-hint-pulse { box-sizing: content-box; position: absolute; }
.introjs-hint { background: 0px 0px; width: 20px; height: 15px; cursor: pointer; }
.introjs-hint:focus { border: 0px; outline: 0px; }
.introjs-hidehint { display: none; }
.introjs-fixedhint { position: fixed; }
.introjs-hint:hover > .introjs-hint-pulse { border: 5px solid rgba(60, 60, 60, 0.57); }
.introjs-hint-pulse { width: 10px; height: 10px; border: 5px solid rgba(60, 60, 60, 0.27); border-radius: 30px; background-color: rgba(136, 136, 136, 0.24); z-index: 10; transition: all 0.2s ease-out 0s; }
.introjs-hint-no-anim .introjs-hint-dot { animation: 0s ease 0s 1 normal none running none; }
.introjs-hint-dot { border: 10px solid rgba(146, 146, 146, 0.36); background: 0px 0px; border-radius: 60px; height: 50px; width: 50px; animation: 3s ease-out 0s infinite normal none running introjspulse; top: -25px; left: -25px; z-index: 1; opacity: 0; }
@keyframes introjspulse {
0% { transform: scale(0); opacity: 0; }
25% { transform: scale(0); opacity: 0.1; }
50% { transform: scale(0.1); opacity: 0.3; }
75% { transform: scale(0.5); opacity: 0.5; }
100% { transform: scale(1); opacity: 0; }
}
.liquid-container { position: relative; overflow: hidden; transform: translateY(0px); }
.liquid-child { overflow: hidden; }
.file-upload input[hidden] { display: none !important; }
button { cursor: pointer; border: none; background: 0px 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; }
a, abbr, acronym, address, applet, article, aside, audio, b, big, blockquote, body, canvas, caption, center, cite, code, dd, del, details, dfn, div, dl, dt, em, embed, fieldset, figcaption, figure, footer, form, h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, header, hgroup, html, i, iframe, img, ins, kbd, label, legend, li, mark, menu, nav, object, ol, output, p, pre, q, ruby, s, samp, section, small, span, strike, strong, sub, summary, sup, table, tbody, td, tfoot, th, thead, time, tr, tt, u, ul, var, video { margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; }
.rs-box-link, .rs-button, .rs-card-link-text { line-height: 1.2rem; font-family: “Source Sans Pro”, Arial, sans-serif; }
article, aside, details, figcaption, figure, footer, header, hgroup, menu, nav, section { display: block; }
ol, ul { list-style: none; }
blockquote, q { quotes: none; }
blockquote::after, blockquote::before, q::after, q::before { content: none; }
table { border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; }
*, ::after, ::before, html { box-sizing: border-box; }
svg .a { fill: none; stroke: currentcolor; stroke-linecap: round; stroke-linejoin: round; stroke-width: 1.5px; stroke-miterlimit: 10; }
svg .b, svg .c { stroke: currentcolor; fill: none; }
svg .b { stroke-linecap: round; stroke-width: 1.5px; stroke-miterlimit: 10; stroke-linejoin: round; }
svg .c { stroke-width: 1.5px; stroke-miterlimit: 10; }
svg .cls-1 { fill: none; stroke: currentcolor; stroke-linecap: round; stroke-linejoin: round; stroke-width: 1.5px; fill-rule: evenodd; }
@keyframes show-tooltip {
0% { opacity: 0; }
100% { opacity: 1; }
}
.rs-box-link, .rs-button { font-size: 1rem; font-weight: 700; overflow: hidden; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(59, 59, 59); border: 1px solid rgb(59, 59, 59); padding: 0.75rem; margin-right: 1.75rem; }
@media (max-width: 480px) {
.rs-box-link, .rs-button { flex-grow: 1; }
}
.rs-box-link svg, .rs-button svg { height: 1rem; width: 1rem; margin-right: 0.25rem; vertical-align: -0.2rem; }
.rs-box-link svg path, .rs-button svg path { fill: rgb(59, 59, 59); }
.rs-box-link:focus svg path, .rs-box-link:hover svg path, .rs-button:focus svg path, .rs-button:hover svg path, .rs-text-link:hover svg path { fill: rgb(2, 89, 204); }
.rs-box-link:focus, .rs-box-link:hover, .rs-button:focus, .rs-button:hover { color: rgb(2, 89, 204); border-color: rgb(2, 89, 204); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 1px 2px; }
.flat.rs-box-link:focus, .flat.rs-box-link:hover, .icon.rs-box-link:hover, .rs-box-link:disabled:hover, .rs-button.flat:focus, .rs-button.flat:hover, .rs-button.icon:hover, .rs-button:disabled:hover { box-shadow: none; }
.rs-box-link:active, .rs-button:active { color: rgb(0, 0, 0); }
.rs-box-link:active svg path, .rs-button:active svg path { fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); }
.rs-box-link:disabled, .rs-button:disabled { border: 1px solid rgb(178, 178, 178); color: rgb(118, 118, 118); cursor: not-allowed; }
.rs-box-link:disabled svg path, .rs-button:disabled svg path { fill: rgb(118, 118, 118); }
.primary-accept.rs-box-link svg path, .primary-destroy.rs-box-link svg path, .primary.rs-box-link svg path, .rs-button.primary svg path, .rs-button.primary-accept svg path, .rs-button.primary-destroy svg path, .rs-step-progress-bar-item-complete > svg circle { fill: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.primary.rs-box-link, .rs-button.primary { color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(2, 89, 204); border-color: rgb(2, 89, 204); }
.primary.rs-box-link:focus, .primary.rs-box-link:hover, .rs-button.primary:focus, .rs-button.primary:hover { background-color: rgb(37, 112, 211); border-color: rgb(37, 112, 211); }
.primary.rs-box-link:active, .rs-button.primary:active { background-color: rgb(1, 69, 159); }
.primary.rs-box-link:disabled, .rs-button.primary:disabled { background-color: rgb(118, 118, 118); border: 1px solid rgb(118, 118, 118); }
.primary-accept.rs-box-link, .rs-button.primary-accept { color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(5, 117, 32); border-color: rgb(5, 117, 32); }
.primary-accept.rs-box-link:focus, .primary-accept.rs-box-link:hover, .rs-button.primary-accept:focus, .rs-button.primary-accept:hover { background-color: rgb(40, 136, 63); border-color: rgb(40, 136, 63); }
.primary-accept.rs-box-link:active, .rs-button.primary-accept:active { background-color: rgb(3, 91, 24); }
.primary-accept.rs-box-link:disabled, .rs-button.primary-accept:disabled { background-color: rgb(118, 118, 118); border: 1px solid rgb(118, 118, 118); }
.primary-destroy.rs-box-link, .rs-button.primary-destroy { color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(168, 11, 9); border-color: rgb(168, 11, 9); }
.primary-destroy.rs-box-link:focus, .primary-destroy.rs-box-link:hover, .rs-button.primary-destroy:focus, .rs-button.primary-destroy:hover { background-color: rgb(180, 45, 43); border-color: rgb(180, 45, 43); }
.primary-destroy.rs-box-link:active, .rs-button.primary-destroy:active { background-color: rgb(131, 8, 7); }
.primary-destroy.rs-box-link:disabled, .rs-button.primary-destroy:disabled { background-color: rgb(118, 118, 118); border: 1px solid rgb(118, 118, 118); }
.flat.rs-box-link, .rs-button.flat { border-color: transparent; }
.flat.rs-box-link:disabled, .rs-button.flat:disabled { background-color: transparent; color: rgb(118, 118, 118); }
.flat.rs-box-link:disabled svg path, .rs-button.flat:disabled svg path { fill: rgb(118, 118, 118); }
.icon.rs-box-link, .rs-button.icon { border-color: transparent; background: 0px 0px; padding: 0px; margin-right: 1rem; overflow: inherit; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; flex-direction: column; white-space: nowrap; font-family: “Source Sans Pro”, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.8rem; line-height: 1.25rem; font-weight: 400; }
@media (max-width: 480px) {
.icon.rs-box-link, .rs-button.icon { flex-grow: unset; }
}
.icon.rs-box-link svg, .rs-button.icon svg { height: 2rem; width: 2rem; margin-right: 0px; vertical-align: 0px; pointer-events: none; }
.rs-box-link:last-child, .rs-button:last-child { margin-right: 0px; }
.rs-card { padding: 0.875rem; border: 1px solid rgb(118, 118, 118); border-radius: 1px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 1px 2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.rs-card > .rs-card-title { padding-bottom: 0.875rem; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; }
.rs-card > .rs-card-title .rs-card-title-content { flex: 1 1 0%; }
.rs-card > .rs-card-title .rs-card-title-content-main { font-family: “Source Sans Pro”, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1.5625rem; line-height: 1.75rem; font-weight: 400; }
.rs-card > .rs-card-title .rs-card-title-content-subtitle { font-family: “Source Sans Pro”, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.8rem; line-height: 1.25rem; font-weight: 400; color: rgb(59, 59, 59); }
.rs-card > .rs-card-title .rs-card-title-memo { margin-left: 1rem; }
.rs-card > .rs-card-title .rs-card-title-icon { margin-right: 0.5rem; display: flex; align-items: center; }
.rs-card > .rs-card-title .rs-card-title-icon svg { height: 1.5rem; width: auto; }
.rs-card > .rs-card-title.divider { border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(118, 118, 118); margin-bottom: 0.875rem; }
.rs-card.blue { border-color: rgb(2, 55, 125); padding: 0px; }
.rs-card.blue > .rs-card-title { background-color: rgb(2, 55, 125); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); padding: 0.5rem; }
.rs-card.blue > .rs-card-title .rs-card-title-content-subtitle { color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.rs-card.blue > .rs-card-title.divider { border-bottom-color: rgb(2, 55, 125); padding: 0.5rem; margin-bottom: 0px; }
.rs-card.blue > .rs-card-actions { padding: 0.875rem; }
.rs-card.blue-color { padding: 0px; border-color: rgb(2, 55, 125); }
.rs-card.blue-color > .rs-card-title { padding: 0.5rem; background-color: rgb(2, 55, 125); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.rs-card.blue-color > .rs-card-title.divider { padding: 0.5rem; margin-bottom: 0px; border-bottom-color: rgb(2, 55, 125); }
.rs-card.blue-color > .rs-card-title .rs-card-title-content-subtitle { color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.rs-card.blue-color > .rs-card-content { padding: 0.875rem; }
.rs-card.blue-color > .rs-card-actions { padding: 0px 0.875rem 0.875rem; }
.rs-card.red { border-color: rgb(168, 11, 9); padding: 0px; }
.rs-card.red > .rs-card-title { background-color: rgb(168, 11, 9); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); padding: 0.5rem; }
.rs-card.red > .rs-card-title .rs-card-title-content-subtitle { color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.rs-card.red > .rs-card-title.divider { border-bottom-color: rgb(168, 11, 9); padding: 0.5rem; margin-bottom: 0px; }
.rs-card.red > .rs-card-actions { padding: 0.875rem; }
.rs-card.red-color { padding: 0px; border-color: rgb(168, 11, 9); }
.rs-card.red-color > .rs-card-title { padding: 0.5rem; background-color: rgb(168, 11, 9); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.rs-card.red-color > .rs-card-title.divider { padding: 0.5rem; margin-bottom: 0px; border-bottom-color: rgb(168, 11, 9); }
.rs-card.red-color > .rs-card-title .rs-card-title-content-subtitle { color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.rs-card.red-color > .rs-card-content { padding: 0.875rem; }
.rs-card.red-color > .rs-card-actions { padding: 0px 0.875rem 0.875rem; }
.rs-card.green { border-color: rgb(5, 117, 32); padding: 0px; }
.rs-card.green > .rs-card-title { background-color: rgb(5, 117, 32); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); padding: 0.5rem; }
.rs-card.green > .rs-card-title .rs-card-title-content-subtitle { color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.rs-card.green > .rs-card-title.divider { border-bottom-color: rgb(5, 117, 32); padding: 0.5rem; margin-bottom: 0px; }
.rs-card.green > .rs-card-actions { padding: 0.875rem; }
.rs-card.green-color { padding: 0px; border-color: rgb(5, 117, 32); }
.rs-card.green-color > .rs-card-title { padding: 0.5rem; background-color: rgb(5, 117, 32); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.rs-card.green-color > .rs-card-title.divider { padding: 0.5rem; margin-bottom: 0px; border-bottom-color: rgb(5, 117, 32); }
.rs-card.green-color > .rs-card-title .rs-card-title-content-subtitle { color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.rs-card.green-color > .rs-card-content { padding: 0.875rem; }
.rs-card.green-color > .rs-card-actions { padding: 0px 0.875rem 0.875rem; }
.rs-card.grey-color { padding: 0px; border-color: rgb(178, 178, 178); }
.rs-card.grey-color > .rs-card-title { padding: 0.5rem; background-color: rgb(244, 244, 244); color: rgb(59, 59, 59); }
.rs-card.grey-color > .rs-card-title.divider { padding: 0.5rem; margin-bottom: 0px; border-bottom-color: rgb(178, 178, 178); }
.rs-card.grey-color > .rs-card-title .rs-card-title-content-subtitle { color: rgb(59, 59, 59); }
.rs-card.grey-color > .rs-card-content { padding: 0.875rem; }
.rs-card.grey-color > .rs-card-actions { padding: 0px 0.875rem 0.875rem; }
.rs-card-link, .rs-collapsible-item { padding: 0.875rem; }
.rs-card.small-size > .rs-card-title .rs-card-title-content-main { font-family: “Source Sans Pro”, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.25rem; font-weight: 400; }
.rs-card.small-size > .rs-card-title .rs-card-title-content-subtitle { font-family: “Source Sans Pro”, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.75rem; line-height: 1.125rem; font-weight: 400; }
.rs-card > .rs-card-actions { padding-top: 0.875rem; display: flex; justify-content: flex-end; }
.rs-card-link { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; flex-direction: column; border: 1px solid rgb(237, 237, 237); box-shadow: rgb(244, 244, 244) 0px 2px 2px; width: 10rem; height: 10rem; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(59, 59, 59); transition: all 0.1s ease 0s; text-align: center; }
.rs-card-link:focus, .rs-card-link:hover { border-color: rgb(178, 178, 178); box-shadow: rgb(237, 237, 237) 0px 2px 2px; }
.rs-collapsible-item-bordered, .rs-list-box { border: 1px solid rgb(59, 59, 59); }
.rs-card-link-graphic svg { height: 5em; width: 5em; }
.rs-card-link-text { font-size: 1rem; font-weight: 700; }
.rs-checkbox { font-size: 1rem; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.75rem; }
.rs-checkbox-input { margin-right: 0.5rem; height: 1rem; cursor: pointer; }
.rs-checkbox-label { cursor: pointer; }
.rs-collapsible-item-title { display: flex; }
.rs-collapsible-item-title-content { flex: 1 1 0%; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; font-family: “Source Sans Pro”, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1.5625rem; line-height: 1.75rem; font-weight: 400; }
.rs-collapsible-item-title-expanded { padding-bottom: 0.875rem; }
.rs-collapsible-item-title-bordered.rs-collapsible-item-title-expanded { border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(59, 59, 59); }
.rs-collapsible-item-content-collapsed { display: none; }
.rs-combobox { position: relative; max-width: 32rem; }
.rs-combobox .rs-input input { padding-right: 3rem; }
.rs-combobox .rs-input input[disabled] { -webkit-text-fill-color: rgb(118, 118, 118); color: rgb(118, 118, 118); }
.rs-combobox > .rs-box-link, .rs-combobox > .rs-button { position: absolute; right: 0.175rem; bottom: 0.175rem; margin-right: 0px; }
.rs-combobox .rs-list-box { position: absolute; width: 100%; z-index: 500; display: none; }
.rs-combobox.has-search-term .rs-list-box { display: initial; }
.rs-list-box { padding: 0.175rem; max-height: 50vh; overflow-y: auto; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.rs-list-box li { width: 100%; padding: 0.875rem; text-align: left; overflow: hidden; cursor: pointer; margin: 0px; }
.rs-course-list-item, .rs-course-section-list-item { margin-bottom: 0.875rem; }
.rs-list-box li[role=”option”]:hover { color: rgb(2, 89, 204); background: rgb(244, 244, 244); }
.rs-list-box li[role=”option”][aria-selected] { background: rgb(2, 89, 204); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.rs-combobox__loading-spinner { position: absolute; right: 0.5em; top: 2.3em; width: 25px; height: 25px; animation-name: rs-combobox__spin; animation-duration: 3s; animation-iteration-count: infinite; animation-timing-function: linear; }
@keyframes rs-combobox__spin {
0% { transform: rotate(360deg); }
100% { transform: rotate(0deg); }
}
.rs-dropdown { display: flex; flex-direction: column; }
.rs-dropdown-label { font-size: 1rem; font-weight: 600; line-height: 2rem; }
.rs-dropdown-select { font-family: “Source Sans Pro”, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: 600; color: rgb(59, 59, 59); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 1px solid rgb(118, 118, 118); height: 1.75rem; width: auto; }
.rs-course-id, .rs-course-name { font-family: “Source Sans Pro”, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.125rem; }
.rs-dropdown-select[disabled] { cursor: not-allowed; background: rgb(244, 244, 244); }
.rs-course { background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 1px solid rgb(59, 59, 59); padding: 0.875rem; }
.rs-course-list-item.active .rs-course { border-left: 0.5rem solid rgb(2, 89, 204); padding-left: 0.425rem; background-color: rgb(251, 252, 254); }
.rs-course-header { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; }
.rs-course-button { display: inline-block; text-align: left; width: 100%; }
.rs-course-button:active { color: rgb(59, 59, 59); }
.rs-course-status-icon { height: 1.125rem; }
.rs-course-id { font-weight: 700; }
.rs-course-section-count, .rs-course-sections-toggle { font-size: 0.8rem; line-height: 1.25rem; font-weight: 400; font-family: “Source Sans Pro”, Arial, sans-serif; }
.rs-course-buttons { display: flex; justify-content: flex-end; }
.rs-course-buttons > button { background: 0px 0px; }
.rs-course-sections { display: none; }
.rs-course-sections-toggle { font-weight: 700; }
.rs-course-sections-toggle:active { color: rgb(59, 59, 59); }
.rs-course-sections-toggle > svg { margin-left: 0.2rem; vertical-align: -0.2rem; }
.rs-course-sections.rs-course-sections-visible { display: block; }
.rs-course-section { background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 1px solid rgb(59, 59, 59); padding: 0.875rem; flex-grow: 1; text-align: left; }
.rs-course-section-header { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; }
.rs-course-section-list-item.active .rs-course-section { border-left: 0.5rem solid rgb(2, 89, 204); padding-left: 0.425rem; background-color: rgb(251, 252, 254); }
.rs-course-section-courseid { font-family: “Source Sans Pro”, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: 700; line-height: 1.125rem; }
.rs-course-section-name { font-family: “Source Sans Pro”, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.125rem; }
.rs-course-sections { margin-left: 1.625em; }
.rs-course-sections li { border-left: 0.2rem solid rgb(118, 118, 118); padding: 0.4375rem 0px; margin: 0px; display: flex; }
.rs-course-sections li:first-child { padding-top: 0.875rem; }
.rs-course-sections li:last-child { border-left: none; }
.rs-course-sections li:last-child::before { border-left: 0.2rem solid rgb(118, 118, 118); width: 1.9rem; }
.rs-course-sections li::before { position: relative; top: -0.9rem; height: 3rem; width: 1.75rem; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom: 0.2rem solid rgb(118, 118, 118); content: “”; display: inline-block; left: 0px; }
.rs-file-upload-label { font-size: 1rem; font-weight: 600; line-height: 2rem; }
.rs-file-upload-controls { width: 16rem; }
.rs-file-upload-drag-area { border-radius: 0.25rem; border: 2px dashed rgb(59, 59, 59); background: rgb(251, 251, 251); color: rgb(59, 59, 59); display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center; flex-direction: column; height: 16rem; padding-bottom: 0.875rem; }
.rs-file-upload-drag-area-icon { padding: 2.625rem 4.5rem 1.75rem; }
.rs-file-upload-drag-area-icon svg { height: 7em; width: 7em; fill: rgb(59, 59, 59); }
.rs-file-upload-drag-area label.file-upload input { clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); height: 1px; width: 1px; overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; display: inline !important; }
.rs-file-upload-drag-area label.file-upload input:focus + .rs-file-upload-drag-area-manual { outline: rgb(37, 112, 211) solid 2px; border-radius: 2px; }
.rs-file-upload-drag-area-manual { color: rgb(2, 89, 204); text-decoration: underline; cursor: pointer; }
.rs-file-upload-drag-area-supported-files { font-family: “Source Sans Pro”, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.75rem; line-height: 1.125rem; color: rgb(59, 59, 59); }
.rs-file-upload-selected-list-item { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; }
.rs-icon-with-label { display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: center; justify-content: center; font-weight: 600; color: rgb(59, 59, 59); line-height: 1.375rem; }
.rs-icon-with-label-icon { height: 6.25rem; width: auto; fill: rgb(178, 178, 178); margin-bottom: 1.375rem; }
.rs-input { width: 100%; position: relative; }
.rs-input > .rs-input-label { color: rgb(59, 59, 59); text-indent: 0.125rem; display: block; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: 600; line-height: 2rem; }
.rs-input > .rs-input-label.rs-invalid:not(.rs-disabled) { color: rgb(168, 11, 9); }
.rs-input > .rs-input-input { width: 100%; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 1px solid rgb(59, 59, 59); color: rgb(59, 59, 59); display: inline-block; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: 400; height: 2.5rem; line-height: 1.5rem; padding: 0.5rem 0.625rem; }
.rs-input > .rs-input-input::placeholder { color: rgb(124, 124, 124); opacity: 1; font-weight: 400; }
.rs-input > .rs-input-input::-webkit-input-placeholder { color: rgb(124, 124, 124); opacity: 1; font-weight: 400; }
.rs-input > .rs-input-input.rs-disabled { color: rgb(111, 111, 111); background: rgb(251, 251, 251); border: 1px solid rgb(111, 111, 111); }
.rs-input > .rs-input-input.rs-disabled::placeholder { color: rgb(124, 124, 124); }
.rs-input > .rs-input-input.rs-disabled::-webkit-input-placeholder { color: rgb(124, 124, 124); }
.rs-input .help-text, .rs-navbar-nav-item svg, .rs-navbar-nav-item svg:hover { color: rgb(59, 59, 59); }
.rs-input > .rs-input-input.rs-invalid:not(.rs-disabled) { border: 2px solid rgb(168, 11, 9); padding: calc(0.25rem – 1px) calc(0.5rem – 1px); }
.rs-input > .rs-input-input[type=”search”] { appearance: searchfield; }
.rs-input > .rs-input-icon { position: absolute; display: inline-block; right: 0.75rem; bottom: 0.75rem; width: 1rem; height: 1rem; vertical-align: bottom; background: rgb(118, 118, 118); }
.rs-input .detail-text { margin: 0.25rem 0px; font-family: “Source Sans Pro”, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.8rem; line-height: 1.25rem; font-weight: 400; }
.rs-input .invalid-text { color: rgb(168, 11, 9); }
.rs-input-range-caps { height: 0px; overflow: visible; position: relative; }
.rs-input-range-caps::after { display: block; content: “”; border-radius: 1rem; height: 0.25rem; background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(left, rgb(37, 83, 143) 0.25rem, rgb(178, 178, 178) 0.25rem); position: relative; top: 0.375rem; }
.rs-input-range > input { appearance: none; width: 100%; font-size: 0px; height: 1rem; position: relative; margin: 0px; background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(left, rgb(37, 83, 143) 50%, rgb(37, 83, 143) 50%); background-position: 0.25rem center; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-color: transparent; }
.rs-input-range > input::-webkit-slider-runnable-track { appearance: none; background: 0px 0px; }
.rs-input-range > input::-webkit-slider-thumb { background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 100%; border: 0.5px solid rgb(37, 83, 143); cursor: pointer; height: 1rem; width: 1rem; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.18) 0px 1px 3px; appearance: none; }
.rs-input-range-label { font-size: 1rem; font-weight: 600; line-height: 2rem; }
.rs-loading-content { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; }
.rs-loading-content-circle { width: 1.5em; height: 1.5em; margin: 0.25em; border-radius: 50%; background: rgb(2, 55, 125); animation-name: bounce_color; animation-duration: 4s; animation-iteration-count: infinite; }
.rs-loading-content-circle-1 { animation-delay: 0s; }
.rs-loading-content-circle-2 { animation-delay: 1s; }
.rs-loading-content-circle-3 { animation-delay: 2s; }
.rs-loading-content-circle-4 { animation-delay: 3s; }
.rs-nav-menu-item { display: flex; flex-direction: row; align-items: center; padding: 0px 0.5em; height: 3.5rem; max-width: 24.5rem; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.125rem; font-weight: 700; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); }
.rs-nav-menu-item-graphic { max-width: 1.375rem; margin: 0.875rem 1.375rem; }
.rs-nav-menu-item-graphic svg { height: 2rem; width: 2rem; }
.rs-nav-menu-item-text { margin-left: 0.5rem; text-decoration: none; }
.rs-nav-menu-item:hover { background: rgb(251, 251, 251); text-decoration: underline; }
.rs-nav-menu-item.active { padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 0px; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 0.5rem; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(2, 89, 204); border-image: initial; background-color: rgb(251, 252, 254); }
.rs-modal { position: fixed; inset: 0px; z-index: 500; touch-action: none; overflow-y: auto; display: block; background: rgba(59, 59, 59, 0.7); }
.assignment-editor-before-transition-modal, .rs-navbar { z-index: 1000; }
.rs-modal-dialog, .rs-navbar { align-items: center; display: flex; }
.rs-modal-dialog { margin: 1.75rem auto; min-height: calc(100% – 3.5rem); justify-content: center; }
.rs-modal-background-click-target { inset: 0px; position: absolute; }
.rs-modal-content { max-width: 35rem; position: relative; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
@media only screen and (max-width: 600px) {
.rs-modal-content { width: calc(100% – 1rem); }
}
body.dimmed { overflow: hidden; }
body.dimmed::after, body.dimmed::before { content: “Body content is dimmed”; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); height: 1px; width: 1px; overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; }
.rs-modal-scrollbar-measure { position: absolute; top: -9999px; width: 50px; height: 50px; overflow: scroll; }
.rs-navbar { background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) 0px 0px 0.125rem 0.125rem; box-sizing: border-box; flex-flow: row nowrap; font-family: “Source Sans Pro”, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; height: 3.5rem; justify-content: space-between; padding: 0px 0.9375rem; position: relative; }
.rs-navbar-logo { font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; }
.rs-navbar-logo a { display: block; }
.rs-navbar-logo img, .rs-navbar-logo svg { height: 2.5rem; vertical-align: -0.375rem; }
.rs-navbar-nav { flex-grow: 1; white-space: nowrap; }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.rs-navbar-nav { flex-flow: column nowrap; text-align: right; }
}
.rs-navbar-nav-container { align-items: center; display: flex; flex-flow: row nowrap; justify-content: flex-end; margin: 0px; width: 100%; }
.rs-navbar-nav-item { display: inline-block; line-height: 3.55rem; margin: 0px 0.3125rem; padding: 0px; position: relative; }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.rs-navbar-nav-container { flex-direction: column; }
.rs-navbar-nav-item { border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(151, 151, 151); border-radius: 0px; margin: 0px; text-align: left; width: 100%; }
}
.rs-navbar-nav-item-label { display: inline-block; margin-left: 0.25rem; max-width: 7.5rem; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; vertical-align: top; white-space: nowrap; }
@media (min-width: 769px) and (max-width: 1024px) {
.rs-navbar-nav-item-label { clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); height: 1px; width: 1px; overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; }
}
.rs-navbar-nav-item svg { height: 1.25rem; vertical-align: -0.25rem; width: 1.25rem; }
.rs-navbar-nav-item > a { box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(33, 33, 33); display: inline-block; font-weight: 400; height: 3.55rem; line-height: 3.55rem; min-width: 2.5rem; padding: 0px 0.625rem; position: relative; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; }
.rs-navbar-nav-item > a:focus, .rs-navbar-nav-item > a:hover { color: rgb(33, 33, 33); text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0.125rem solid rgb(2, 89, 204); }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.rs-navbar-nav-item-label { max-width: none; }
.rs-navbar-nav-item > a:focus, .rs-navbar-nav-item > a:hover { border: none; background-color: rgb(244, 244, 244); }
.rs-navbar-nav-item > a { border: none; display: block; height: 2.625rem; line-height: 2.625rem; margin: 0px; text-align: left; }
}
.rs-navbar-nav-burger-button.icon.rs-box-link, .rs-navbar-nav-burger-button.icon.rs-box-link:hover, .rs-navbar-nav-burger-button.rs-button.icon, .rs-navbar-nav-burger-button.rs-button.icon:hover { background: 0px 0px; border: none; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(59, 59, 59); cursor: pointer; display: none; height: 2.5rem; line-height: initial; margin: 0px; min-height: 2.5rem; min-width: 2.5rem; padding: 0.375rem; text-decoration: none; width: 2.5rem; }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.rs-navbar-nav-burger-button.icon.rs-box-link, .rs-navbar-nav-burger-button.icon.rs-box-link:hover, .rs-navbar-nav-burger-button.rs-button.icon, .rs-navbar-nav-burger-button.rs-button.icon:hover { display: inline-block; height: 2.625rem; }
}
.rs-navbar-nav-items-container { align-items: center; display: flex; flex-flow: row nowrap; justify-content: flex-end; margin: 0px; }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.rs-navbar-nav-items-container { align-items: flex-start; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top: 1px solid rgb(151, 151, 151); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) 0px 0.25rem 0.125rem -0.125rem; flex-direction: column; left: 0px; opacity: 0; position: absolute; top: 3.5rem; visibility: hidden; width: 100%; z-index: -1; }
.active-show .rs-navbar-nav-items-container { opacity: 1; visibility: visible; z-index: 1; }
}
input { font-family: “Source Sans Pro”, Arial, sans-serif; }
.rs-navbar-dropdown { display: inline-block; line-height: 3.55rem; margin: 0px 0.3125rem; padding: 0px; position: relative; }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.rs-navbar-dropdown { border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(151, 151, 151); border-radius: 0px; margin: 0px; text-align: left; width: 100%; display: block; }
.rs-navbar-dropdown.active .rs-navbar-dropdown-trigger { background-color: rgb(244, 244, 244); }
}
.rs-navbar-dropdown-trigger { font-family: “Source Sans Pro”, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.2rem; background-color: transparent; border: none; color: rgb(59, 59, 59); font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px 0.625rem; }
.rs-navbar-dropdown-trigger-label { display: inline-block; margin-left: 0.25rem; max-width: 7.5rem; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; vertical-align: top; white-space: nowrap; }
@media (min-width: 769px) and (max-width: 1024px) {
.rs-navbar-dropdown-trigger-label { clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); height: 1px; width: 1px; overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; }
}
.rs-navbar-dropdown-trigger:focus, .rs-navbar-dropdown-trigger:hover { color: rgb(33, 33, 33); text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0.125rem solid rgb(2, 89, 204); }
.rs-navbar-dropdown-trigger:focus > svg > path, .rs-navbar-dropdown-trigger:hover > svg > path { fill: none; }
.rs-navbar-dropdown-trigger > svg, .rs-navbar-dropdown-trigger > svg:hover { color: rgb(59, 59, 59); height: 1.25rem; margin: 0px; vertical-align: -0.25rem; width: 1.25rem; }
.rs-navbar-dropdown-trigger > svg:hover > path, .rs-navbar-dropdown-trigger > svg > path { fill: none; }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.rs-navbar-dropdown-trigger-label { max-width: none; }
.rs-navbar-dropdown-trigger:focus, .rs-navbar-dropdown-trigger:hover { border: none; }
.rs-navbar-dropdown-trigger { height: 2.625rem; line-height: 2.625rem; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left; width: 100%; }
.rs-navbar-dropdown-trigger:focus, .rs-navbar-dropdown-trigger:hover, .rs-navbar-dropdown-trigger[aria-expanded=”true”] { background-color: rgb(244, 244, 244); }
}
.rs-navbar-dropdown-container { background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(151, 151, 151); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) -0.0625rem 0.125rem 0.25rem 0px; margin: 0px; min-width: 10rem; position: absolute; right: 0px; text-align: left; top: 2.625rem; transition: all 250ms ease-in-out 0s; width: 10rem; z-index: 1; }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.rs-navbar-dropdown-container { border: none; box-shadow: none; display: block; margin: 0.625rem 0px; padding: 0px; position: static; transition: none 0s ease 0s; width: 100%; }
}
.rs-navbar-dropdown-group { border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(151, 151, 151); margin: 0px; padding: 0.625rem 0px; }
.rs-navbar-dropdown-group:last-of-type, .rs-navbar-dropdown-group:only-of-type { border-bottom: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; }
.rs-navbar-dropdown-group-item { box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1rem; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.rs-navbar-dropdown-group { border-bottom: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; }
.rs-navbar-dropdown-group-item ul { margin: 0px; }
}
.rs-navbar-dropdown-group-item > a { color: rgb(59, 59, 59); display: block; font-family: “Source Sans Pro”, Arial, sans-serif; padding: 0.625rem 1.25rem; text-decoration: none; }
.rs-navbar-dropdown-group-item > a:hover { background-color: rgb(237, 237, 237); color: rgb(33, 33, 33); text-decoration: none; }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.rs-navbar-dropdown-group-item > a { display: block; line-height: 2.625rem; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; }
}
@keyframes shrink-width {
0% { width: 100%; }
100% { width: 0%; }
}
.rs-notification { padding: 0.875rem; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); display: flex; align-items: center; width: 18rem; border: 1px solid rgb(118, 118, 118); box-shadow: rgb(118, 118, 118) 0px 0px 3px; position: relative; }
.rs-notification-content { flex: 1 1 0%; margin-right: 0.5rem; }
.rs-notification-actions { display: flex; }
.rs-notification-autodismiss-bar { position: absolute; z-index: 500; height: 0.25rem; left: 0px; bottom: 0px; background-color: rgb(2, 55, 125); animation-name: shrink-width; animation-duration: 5s; overflow: hidden; animation-timing-function: linear; }
.rs-notifications { position: fixed; right: 1rem; bottom: 1rem; z-index: 499; overflow-y: auto; max-height: 100%; }
.rs-notifications ul li:not(:last-of-type) { margin-bottom: 0.875rem; }
.rs-prefix-label { font-family: “Source Sans Pro”, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75rem; font-weight: 400; }
.rs-prefix-label > .rs-prefix-label-label { display: inline-block; }
.rs-prefix-label > .rs-prefix-label-label > .label-text { display: inline-block; font-family: “Source Sans Pro”, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.2rem; font-weight: 700; }
.rs-progress-bar.rs-pb-large, .rs-progress-bar.rs-pb-medium, .rs-progress-bar.rs-pb-small { font-family: “Source Sans Pro”, Arial, sans-serif; font-weight: 400; }
.rs-prefix-label > .rs-prefix-label-value { display: inline-block; }
.rs-progress-bar.blue-color { stroke: rgb(2, 89, 204); }
.rs-progress-bar.green-color { stroke: rgb(5, 117, 32); }
.rs-progress-bar.red-color { stroke: rgb(168, 11, 9); }
.rs-progress-bar.rs-pb-circle svg path:first-of-type, .rs-progress-bar.rs-pb-line svg path:first-of-type { stroke: rgb(178, 178, 178); }
.rs-progress-bar.rs-pb-circle svg path:last-of-type, .rs-progress-bar.rs-pb-line svg path:last-of-type { stroke: inherit; }
.rs-progress-bar.rs-pb-circle.high-fill svg path:last-of-type, .rs-progress-bar.rs-pb-line.high-fill svg path:last-of-type { stroke: rgb(5, 117, 32); }
.rs-progress-bar.rs-pb-circle.medium-fill svg path:last-of-type, .rs-progress-bar.rs-pb-line.medium-fill svg path:last-of-type { stroke: rgb(214, 125, 0); }
.rs-progress-bar.rs-pb-circle.low-fill svg path:last-of-type, .rs-progress-bar.rs-pb-line.low-fill svg path:last-of-type { stroke: rgb(168, 11, 9); }
.rs-progress-bar.rs-pb-small { font-size: 0.75rem; line-height: 1.125rem; }
.rs-progress-bar.rs-pb-small svg { height: 3.25rem; margin-bottom: 0.5rem; }
.rs-progress-bar.rs-pb-small .progressbar-text { font-size: 1rem; }
.rs-progress-bar.rs-pb-medium { font-size: 0.8rem; line-height: 1.25rem; }
.rs-progress-bar.rs-pb-medium svg { height: 6rem; margin-bottom: 0.5rem; }
.rs-progress-bar.rs-pb-medium .progressbar-text { font-size: 2rem; }
.rs-progress-bar.rs-pb-large { font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75rem; }
.rs-progress-bar.rs-pb-large svg { height: 10rem; margin-bottom: 0.5rem; }
.rs-progress-bar.rs-pb-large .progressbar-text { font-size: 2.75rem; }
.rs-progress-bar-description { text-align: center; font-weight: 600; }
.rs-radio-control { line-height: 1.75rem; }
.rs-radio-control-label { margin-left: 0.25rem; }
.rs-radio-group { display: flex; flex-direction: column; }
.rs-radio-group-label { font-weight: 700; }
.rs-rating { padding-bottom: 2rem; }
.rs-rating .rs-radio-group .rs-radio-group-label { font-weight: 400; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 0.5rem; }
.rs-rating .rs-radio-group .rs-radio-group { flex-direction: row; justify-content: center; padding: 0px 1rem; }
.rs-rating .rs-radio-group .rs-radio-group .rs-radio-control { margin: 0px 0.5rem; }
.rs-rating .rs-radio-group .rs-radio-group .rs-radio-control:last-child { margin-right: 0px; }
.rs-rating .rs-radio-group .rs-radio-group .rs-radio-control:first-child { margin-left: 0px; }
.rs-rating .rs-radio-group .rs-radio-group .rs-radio-control input { clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); height: 1px; width: 1px; overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; }
.rs-rating .rs-radio-group .rs-radio-group .rs-radio-control input:focus + label { outline: -webkit-focus-ring-color auto 5px; }
.rs-rating .rs-radio-group .rs-radio-group .rs-radio-control-label { display: block; text-align: center; border-radius: 0.875rem; width: 1.75rem; height: 1.75rem; background: rgb(118, 118, 118); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0px; cursor: pointer; font-weight: 700; }
.rs-rating .rs-radio-group .rs-radio-group .rs-radio-selected .rs-radio-control-label { background: rgb(2, 89, 204); }
.rs-rating .rs-radio-group .rs-radio-group .rs-rating-minmax-label-container { position: relative; width: 100%; display: block; }
.rs-rating .rs-radio-group .rs-radio-group .rs-rating-minmax-label-container .rs-rating-minmax-label { position: absolute; left: 50%; transform: translateX(-50%); }
.rs-segmented-control.black-color .rs-radio-group { display: flex; flex-direction: row; }
.rs-segmented-control.black-color .rs-radio-group-label { clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); height: 1px; width: 1px; overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; }
.rs-segmented-control.black-color .rs-radio-group .rs-radio-control:first-of-type .rs-radio-control-label { border-left-width: 1px; border-radius: 3px 0px 0px 3px; }
.rs-segmented-control.black-color .rs-radio-group .rs-radio-control:last-of-type .rs-radio-control-label { border-radius: 0px 3px 3px 0px; }
.rs-segmented-control.black-color .rs-radio-group .rs-radio-control:not(:first-of-type) .rs-radio-control-label { border-left-width: 0px; }
.rs-segmented-control.black-color .rs-radio-group .rs-radio-control .rs-radio-control-label { text-align: center; color: rgb(59, 59, 59); border: 1px solid rgb(59, 59, 59); cursor: pointer; margin: 0px; padding: 0.25rem 0.5rem; width: 100%; display: block; line-height: 1.25rem; }
.rs-segmented-control.black-color .rs-radio-group .rs-radio-control-input { clip: rect(0px, 0px, 0px, 0px); opacity: 0; position: absolute; }
.rs-segmented-control.black-color .rs-radio-group .rs-radio-control-input:checked + label { background: rgb(59, 59, 59); border-color: rgb(59, 59, 59); color: rgb(244, 244, 244); }
.rs-segmented-control.black-color .rs-radio-group .rs-radio-control-input:focus + label { z-index: 1; outline: -webkit-focus-ring-color auto 5px; }
.rs-segmented-control.black-color .rs-radio-group .rs-radio-control-input:active:not(:checked) + label { background: rgb(251, 251, 251); text-decoration: underline; }
.rs-segmented-control.blue-color .rs-radio-group { display: flex; flex-direction: row; }
.rs-segmented-control.blue-color .rs-radio-group-label { clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); height: 1px; width: 1px; overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; }
.rs-segmented-control.blue-color .rs-radio-group .rs-radio-control:first-of-type .rs-radio-control-label { border-left-width: 1px; border-radius: 3px 0px 0px 3px; }
.rs-segmented-control.blue-color .rs-radio-group .rs-radio-control:last-of-type .rs-radio-control-label { border-radius: 0px 3px 3px 0px; }
.rs-segmented-control.blue-color .rs-radio-group .rs-radio-control:not(:first-of-type) .rs-radio-control-label { border-left-width: 0px; }
.rs-segmented-control.blue-color .rs-radio-group .rs-radio-control .rs-radio-control-label { text-align: center; color: rgb(2, 55, 125); border: 1px solid rgb(2, 55, 125); cursor: pointer; margin: 0px; padding: 0.25rem 0.5rem; width: 100%; display: block; line-height: 1.25rem; }
.rs-segmented-control.blue-color .rs-radio-group .rs-radio-control-input { clip: rect(0px, 0px, 0px, 0px); opacity: 0; position: absolute; }
.rs-segmented-control.blue-color .rs-radio-group .rs-radio-control-input:checked + label { background: rgb(2, 55, 125); border-color: rgb(2, 55, 125); color: rgb(244, 244, 244); }
.rs-segmented-control.blue-color .rs-radio-group .rs-radio-control-input:focus + label { z-index: 1; outline: -webkit-focus-ring-color auto 5px; }
.rs-segmented-control.blue-color .rs-radio-group .rs-radio-control-input:active:not(:checked) + label { background: rgb(251, 251, 251); text-decoration: underline; }
.rs-segmented-control.red-color .rs-radio-group { display: flex; flex-direction: row; }
.rs-segmented-control.red-color .rs-radio-group-label { clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); height: 1px; width: 1px; overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; }
.rs-segmented-control.red-color .rs-radio-group .rs-radio-control:first-of-type .rs-radio-control-label { border-left-width: 1px; border-radius: 3px 0px 0px 3px; }
.rs-segmented-control.red-color .rs-radio-group .rs-radio-control:last-of-type .rs-radio-control-label { border-radius: 0px 3px 3px 0px; }
.rs-segmented-control.red-color .rs-radio-group .rs-radio-control:not(:first-of-type) .rs-radio-control-label { border-left-width: 0px; }
.rs-segmented-control.red-color .rs-radio-group .rs-radio-control .rs-radio-control-label { text-align: center; color: rgb(168, 11, 9); border: 1px solid rgb(168, 11, 9); cursor: pointer; margin: 0px; padding: 0.25rem 0.5rem; width: 100%; display: block; line-height: 1.25rem; }
.rs-segmented-control.red-color .rs-radio-group .rs-radio-control-input { clip: rect(0px, 0px, 0px, 0px); opacity: 0; position: absolute; }
.rs-segmented-control.red-color .rs-radio-group .rs-radio-control-input:checked + label { background: rgb(168, 11, 9); border-color: rgb(168, 11, 9); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.rs-segmented-control.red-color .rs-radio-group .rs-radio-control-input:focus + label { z-index: 1; outline: -webkit-focus-ring-color auto 5px; }
.rs-segmented-control.red-color .rs-radio-group .rs-radio-control-input:active:not(:checked) + label { background: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration: underline; }
.rs-segmented-control.green-color .rs-radio-group { display: flex; flex-direction: row; }
.rs-segmented-control.green-color .rs-radio-group-label { clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); height: 1px; width: 1px; overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; }
.rs-segmented-control.green-color .rs-radio-group .rs-radio-control:first-of-type .rs-radio-control-label { border-left-width: 1px; border-radius: 3px 0px 0px 3px; }
.rs-segmented-control.green-color .rs-radio-group .rs-radio-control:last-of-type .rs-radio-control-label { border-radius: 0px 3px 3px 0px; }
.rs-segmented-control.green-color .rs-radio-group .rs-radio-control:not(:first-of-type) .rs-radio-control-label { border-left-width: 0px; }
.rs-segmented-control.green-color .rs-radio-group .rs-radio-control .rs-radio-control-label { text-align: center; color: rgb(5, 117, 32); border: 1px solid rgb(5, 117, 32); cursor: pointer; margin: 0px; padding: 0.25rem 0.5rem; width: 100%; display: block; line-height: 1.25rem; }
.rs-segmented-control.green-color .rs-radio-group .rs-radio-control-input { clip: rect(0px, 0px, 0px, 0px); opacity: 0; position: absolute; }
.rs-segmented-control.green-color .rs-radio-group .rs-radio-control-input:checked + label { background: rgb(5, 117, 32); border-color: rgb(5, 117, 32); color: rgb(244, 244, 244); }
.rs-segmented-control.green-color .rs-radio-group .rs-radio-control-input:focus + label { z-index: 1; outline: -webkit-focus-ring-color auto 5px; }
.rs-segmented-control.green-color .rs-radio-group .rs-radio-control-input:active:not(:checked) + label { background: rgb(251, 251, 251); text-decoration: underline; }
.rs-step-progress-bar { display: flex; justify-content: space-around; counter-reset: progress 0; list-style: none; }
.rs-step-progress-bar-item { counter-increment: progress 1; white-space: nowrap; align-items: center; position: relative; display: flex; flex-grow: 1; flex-basis: 0px; flex-direction: column; overflow: visible; }
.rs-step-progress-bar-item-title { text-decoration: none; color: rgb(59, 59, 59); line-height: 1.75rem; font-size: 1rem; padding-top: 3rem; position: relative; }
.rs-step-progress-bar-item > svg { display: none; }
.rs-step-progress-bar-item::after { position: absolute; content: counter(progress); display: block; text-align: center; border-radius: 2rem; width: 2rem; min-width: 2rem; height: 2rem; line-height: calc(2rem – 4px); border: 2px solid rgb(59, 59, 59); background: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: 600; margin: 0.4375rem auto; }
.rs-step-progress-bar-item::before { content: “”; height: 0.25rem; width: 100%; position: absolute; top: 1.3125rem; background: rgb(178, 178, 178); clip: unset; }
.rs-step-progress-bar-item:first-child::before { background: linear-gradient(90deg, transparent 50%, rgb(178, 178, 178) 50%); }
.rs-step-progress-bar-item:last-child::before { background: linear-gradient(90deg, rgb(178, 178, 178) 50%, transparent 50%); }
.rs-step-progress-bar-item-complete > .rs-step-progress-bar-item-title { color: rgb(2, 89, 204); cursor: pointer; }
.rs-step-progress-bar-item-complete > svg { display: block; color: rgb(2, 89, 204); position: absolute; width: 2rem; height: 2rem; border: none; top: 7px; }
.rs-step-progress-bar-item-complete::after { content: “”; background: 0px 0px; border: none; }
.rs-step-progress-bar-item-complete::before { background: rgb(2, 89, 204); }
.rs-step-progress-bar-item-complete:first-child::before { background: linear-gradient(90deg, transparent 50%, rgb(2, 89, 204) 50%); }
.rs-step-progress-bar-item-complete:last-child::before { background: linear-gradient(90deg, rgb(2, 89, 204) 50%, transparent 50%); }
.rs-step-progress-bar-item-active > .rs-step-progress-bar-item-title { font-weight: 600; }
.rs-step-progress-bar-item-active::after { font-size: 1.5625rem; width: 2.625rem; min-width: 2.625rem; height: 2.625rem; line-height: 2.625rem; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background: rgb(2, 89, 204); border: none; margin: 0.1875rem auto; }
.rs-step-progress-bar-item-active::before { background: linear-gradient(90deg, rgb(2, 89, 204) 50%, rgb(178, 178, 178) 50%); }
.rs-step-progress-bar-item-active:first-child::before { background: linear-gradient(90deg, transparent 50%, rgb(178, 178, 178) 50%); }
.rs-step-progress-bar-item-active:last-child::before { background: linear-gradient(90deg, rgb(2, 89, 204) 50%, transparent 50%); }
.rs-tabbed-nav-links { display: flex; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(1, 69, 159); }
.rs-tabbed-nav-links-item { transition: margin 0.2s ease 0s; padding: 1rem 2rem; background: rgb(251, 251, 251); border-width: 2px 2px 0px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(178, 178, 178); border-right-color: rgb(178, 178, 178); border-left-color: rgb(178, 178, 178); border-image: initial; border-bottom-style: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; margin: 2px 0px 0px; color: rgb(59, 59, 59); font-weight: 600; text-decoration: none; }
.rs-tabbed-nav-links-item:first-of-type { border-top-left-radius: 3px; }
.rs-tabbed-nav-links-item:last-of-type { border-top-right-radius: 3px; }
.rs-tabbed-nav-links-item:hover { color: rgb(0, 0, 0); }
.rs-tabbed-nav-links-item:not(:last-of-type) { border-right: none; }
.rs-tabbed-nav-links-item.active { border-right: 2px solid rgb(1, 69, 159); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: -2px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(1, 69, 159); box-shadow: none; border-top-color: rgb(1, 69, 159); border-bottom-color: rgb(1, 69, 159); border-left-color: rgb(1, 69, 159); }
.rs-tabbed-nav-links-item.active + .rs-tabbed-nav-links-item { border-left: none; }
.rs-tabbed-nav-content { background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right: 2px solid rgb(1, 69, 159); border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(1, 69, 159); border-left: 2px solid rgb(1, 69, 159); border-image: initial; border-top: none; border-bottom-left-radius: 3px; border-bottom-right-radius: 3px; padding: 1rem; box-shadow: rgb(178, 178, 178) 0px 0px 3px; }
.rs-table { overflow-x: auto; }
.rs-table-content { white-space: nowrap; min-width: 100%; display: table; }
.rs-table-content-empty { display: block; }
.rs-table-content-empty-message { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; line-height: 1.75rem; padding: 1.25rem 1.25rem 0px; color: rgb(118, 118, 118); white-space: normal; text-align: center; }
.rs-table-header { display: table-header-group; }
.rs-table-body { display: table-row-group; }
.rs-table-body-cell-icon > button { vertical-align: top; cursor: pointer; }
.rs-table-body-cell-icon > button > svg { height: 100%; padding: 0.125rem 0px; vertical-align: top; }
.rs-table-body-cell-link > button { display: inline-block; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: underline; }
.rs-table-body-cell-link > button, .rs-table-body-cell-link > button:active { color: rgb(2, 89, 204); }
.rs-table-body-cell-icon > button, .rs-table-body-cell-icon > button:active, .rs-table-body-cell-icon > button:focus, .rs-table-body-cell-icon > button:hover, .rs-table-body-cell-link > button, .rs-table-body-cell-link > button:active, .rs-table-body-cell-link > button:focus, .rs-table-body-cell-link > button:hover { line-height: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; background: 0px 0px; font-weight: inherit; font-family: inherit; border: none; }
.instructor-nav, .publisher-nav, .rs-table-footer-cell > div, .student-nav { border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(178, 178, 178); }
.rs-table-footer { display: table-footer-group; }
.rs-table-row { display: table-row; }
.rs-table-cell { display: table-cell; padding-top: 0.5rem; padding-right: 2.5rem; padding-bottom: 0.5rem; color: rgb(59, 59, 59); }
.rs-table-footer-cell, .rs-table-header-cell { display: table-cell; }
.rs-table-header-cell { padding-top: 0px; border-top: 0px; }
.rs-table-footer-cell { padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; vertical-align: top; }
.rs-table-footer-cell > div { border-top: 1px solid rgb(178, 178, 178); padding: 0.375rem 2.5rem 0.375rem 0.333rem; text-align: left; }
.rs-table-footer-cell > div::before { content: “”; display: inline-block; width: 0px; }
.rs-table-footer-cell > div.center-align { text-align: center; padding-left: 2.5rem; padding-right: 2.5rem; }
.rs-table-footer-cell > div.right-align { text-align: right; }
.rs-table-footer-cell:first-child > div { border-left: 1px solid rgb(178, 178, 178); }
.rs-table-footer-cell:last-child > div { border-right: 1px solid rgb(178, 178, 178); }
.classic.rs-table .rs-table-content { border-bottom: 1.25rem solid transparent; }
.classic.rs-table .rs-table-body-row:nth-child(2n+1) > .rs-table-cell { background: rgb(237, 237, 237); }
.classic.rs-table .rs-table-cell { line-height: 1.5rem; font-size: 0.875rem; vertical-align: middle; }
.classic.rs-table .rs-table-body-row:not(:first-child) > .rs-table-body-cell { border-top: 1px solid rgb(118, 118, 118); }
.classic.rs-table .rs-table-header-cell { border-bottom: 4px solid rgb(2, 89, 204); padding-bottom: 0.25rem; }
.classic.rs-table .rs-table-body-cell, .classic.rs-table .rs-table-header-cell { padding-left: 0.777rem; }
.classic.rs-table .rs-table-body-cell:not(:first-child), .classic.rs-table .rs-table-header-cell:not(:first-child) { border-left: 1px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.classic.rs-table .rs-table-body-cell > button { height: 1.5rem; }
.classic.rs-table .rs-table-footer-cell, .classic.rs-table .rs-table-header-cell { font-weight: 700; font-size: 1rem; }
.modern.rs-table { border: 1px solid rgb(178, 178, 178); }
.modern.rs-table .rs-table-content { border: 1.25rem solid transparent; }
.modern.rs-table .rs-table-body-row:nth-child(2n) > .rs-table-cell { background: rgb(251, 252, 254); }
.modern.rs-table .rs-table-cell { line-height: 1.75rem; vertical-align: middle; }
.modern.rs-table .rs-table-body-cell, .modern.rs-table .rs-table-header-cell { padding-left: 0.333rem; }
.modern.rs-table .rs-table-body-row > .rs-table-body-cell { border-top: 1px solid rgb(118, 118, 118); }
.modern.rs-table .rs-table-body-cell > button { height: 1.75rem; }
.modern.rs-table .rs-table-footer-cell, .modern.rs-table .rs-table-header-cell { font-weight: 600; font-size: 1.125rem; }
.rs-text-editor > .editor-label, .rs-text-editor > .preview-area > .preview-label { font-size: 1rem; font-weight: 600; line-height: 2rem; display: block; margin-bottom: 0.5rem; }
.rs-text-editor-output-title, .rs-text-editor > .available-tags .rs-collapsible-item-title-content { line-height: 1.75rem; font-weight: 400; font-family: “Source Sans Pro”, Arial, sans-serif; }
.rs-text-editor-output { margin-top: 2rem; border: 1px solid rgb(178, 178, 178); padding: 1rem; }
.rs-text-editor-output-title { font-size: 1.5625rem; }
.rs-text-editor ol, .rs-text-editor ul { display: block; list-style: disc; margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 40px; }
.rs-text-editor ol { list-style-type: decimal; }
.rs-text-editor li { display: list-item; }
.rs-text-editor ol ul, .rs-text-editor ul ul { list-style-type: circle; margin-left: 15px; }
.rs-text-editor ol ol, .rs-text-editor ul ol { list-style-type: lower-latin; margin-left: 15px; }
.rs-text-editor .fr-toolbar .fr-btn span.rs-fr-icon, .rs-text-editor .fr-toolbar .fr-command span.rs-fr-icon { margin: 0px; padding: 0px; }
.rs-text-editor .fr-toolbar .fr-btn span.rs-fr-icon svg, .rs-text-editor .fr-toolbar .fr-command span.rs-fr-icon svg { height: 1rem; width: auto; margin: 0px auto; padding: 0px; }
.rs-text-editor .fr-toolbar .fr-btn.fr-dropdown, .rs-text-editor .fr-toolbar .fr-btn.fr-dropdown-menu, .rs-text-editor .fr-toolbar .fr-command.fr-dropdown, .rs-text-editor .fr-toolbar .fr-command.fr-dropdown-menu { width: auto; }
.rs-text-editor .fr-toolbar .fr-btn.fr-dropdown span.rs-fr-icon, .rs-text-editor .fr-toolbar .fr-btn.fr-dropdown-menu span.rs-fr-icon, .rs-text-editor .fr-toolbar .fr-command.fr-dropdown span.rs-fr-icon, .rs-text-editor .fr-toolbar .fr-command.fr-dropdown-menu span.rs-fr-icon { margin: 0px 0.5rem 0px auto; }
.rs-text-editor .fr-toolbar .fr-btn.fr-dropdown span.rs-fr-icon svg, .rs-text-editor .fr-toolbar .fr-btn.fr-dropdown-menu span.rs-fr-icon svg, .rs-text-editor .fr-toolbar .fr-command.fr-dropdown span.rs-fr-icon svg, .rs-text-editor .fr-toolbar .fr-command.fr-dropdown-menu span.rs-fr-icon svg { margin: 0px auto; }
.rs-text-editor > .available-tags { margin-bottom: 1.5rem; }
.rs-text-editor > .available-tags .rs-collapsible-item-title-content { font-size: 1rem; }
.rs-text-editor > .available-tags .available-tags-title { padding: 0.5rem 0px; font-weight: 600; }
.rs-text-editor .fr-box.fr-basic.fr-top .fr-wrapper strong, .rs-text-editor > .preview-area > .preview-output strong { font-weight: 700; }
.rs-text-editor > .available-tags .available-tags-description { margin-bottom: 0.75rem; }
.rs-text-editor > .available-tags .available-tags-list .available-tag { margin-right: 1rem; }
.rs-text-editor > .available-tags .available-tags-list .available-tag:last-child { margin-right: 0px; }
.rs-text-editor .fr-box.fr-basic.fr-top .fr-wrapper { box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 1px 2px; }
.rs-text-editor .fr-box.fr-basic.fr-top .fr-wrapper em { font-style: italic; }
.rs-text-editor .fr-box.fr-basic.fr-top .fr-wrapper .fr-placeholder { color: rgb(59, 59, 59); }
.rs-text-editor > .rs-text-editor-froala.with-notice .fr-box.fr-basic.fr-top .fr-wrapper { border-radius: 0px; }
.rs-text-editor > .variable-substitution-notice { padding: 0.5rem; border-bottom-left-radius: 2px; border-bottom-right-radius: 2px; border-top: 1px solid rgb(237, 237, 237); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 1px 2px; position: relative; z-index: 1; display: flex; }
.rs-text-editor > .variable-substitution-notice > svg { margin-right: 0.5rem; border: 1px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 50%; height: 1.2rem; }
.rs-text-editor > .variable-substitution-notice.variable-substitution-correct { background: rgb(225, 237, 227); }
.rs-text-editor > .variable-substitution-notice.variable-substitution-correct > svg { color: rgb(40, 136, 63); }
.rs-text-editor > .variable-substitution-notice.variable-substitution-incorrect { background: rgb(243, 226, 225); }
.rs-text-editor > .variable-substitution-notice.variable-substitution-incorrect ul { padding-left: 0px; list-style-position: inside; }
.rs-text-editor > .variable-substitution-notice.variable-substitution-incorrect ul li { white-space: nowrap; }
.rs-text-editor > .variable-substitution-notice.variable-substitution-incorrect > svg { color: rgb(180, 45, 43); }
.rs-text-editor > .preview-area { padding-top: 1rem; }
.rs-text-editor > .preview-area > .preview-output { border-top: 1px solid rgb(237, 237, 237); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 1px 2px; border-radius: 2px; padding: 1rem; }
.rs-text-editor > .preview-area > .preview-output em { font-style: italic; }
.fr-popup > .fr-buttons > button.fr-btn.fr-command > span.rs-fr-icon { height: auto; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; }
.fr-popup > .fr-buttons > .fr-dropdown-menu > .fr-dropdown-wrapper > .fr-dropdown-content > .fr-dropdown-list > li > a.fr-command > span.rs-fr-icon > svg { height: 1rem; }
.rs-toggle-input { clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); height: 1px; width: 1px; overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; }
.rs-toggle-input:checked + label { border-color: rgb(59, 59, 59); }
.rs-toggle-input:checked + label .rs-toggle-label-switch-inner { margin-left: 0px; }
.rs-toggle-input:checked + label .rs-toggle-label-switch-bubble { background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); right: 0.1rem; left: initial; }
.rs-toggle-label { display: flex; align-items: center; cursor: pointer; font-size: 0.875rem; }
.rs-toggle-label-switch { border: 2px solid rgb(59, 59, 59); border-radius: 30px; transition-delay: 0.3s; margin: 0px 0.25rem; position: relative; width: 3.5rem; overflow: hidden; background: rgb(178, 178, 178); }
.rs-toggle-label-switch-inner { display: block; width: 200%; margin-left: -100%; transition: margin 0.2s ease-in 0s; }
.rs-toggle-label-switch-inner::after, .rs-toggle-label-switch-inner::before { display: block; float: left; width: 50%; height: 25px; padding: 0px; line-height: 25px; font-size: 1em; box-sizing: border-box; }
.rs-toggle-label-switch-inner::before { content: “”; padding-left: 1em; background-color: rgb(2, 89, 204); color: rgb(251, 251, 251); }
.rs-toggle-label-switch-inner::after { content: “”; padding-right: 1em; color: rgb(59, 59, 59); text-align: right; }
.rs-toggle-label-switch-bubble { display: block; position: absolute; top: 2px; width: 21px; height: 21px; right: calc(100% – 23px); border: 2px solid rgb(59, 59, 59); border-radius: 50%; transition: all 0.2s ease-in 0s; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.rs-tooltip-south::before, .rs-tooltip::before { height: 0px; text-decoration: none; width: 0px; font-size: 0.75rem; }
.rs-tooltip { align-items: center; display: inline-flex; justify-content: center; position: relative; }
.rs-tooltip-south::after, .rs-tooltip-south::before, .rs-tooltip::after, .rs-tooltip::before { pointer-events: none; position: absolute; }
.rs-tooltip::before { border: 6px solid transparent; content: “”; opacity: 0; z-index: 501; }
.rs-tooltip::after { background-color: rgb(33, 33, 33); border-radius: 3px; color: rgb(244, 244, 244); content: attr(aria-label); font-size: 0.8125rem; font-weight: 400; opacity: 0; outline: 0px; padding: 0.25rem 0.5rem; white-space: pre; z-index: 501; bottom: -2.2rem; }
.rs-tooltip-north, .rs-tooltip-south { display: inline-flex; position: relative; }
.rs-tooltip:focus::after, .rs-tooltip:focus::before, .rs-tooltip:hover::after, .rs-tooltip:hover::before { animation-delay: 0.2s; animation-duration: 0.1s; animation-fill-mode: forwards; animation-name: show-tooltip; animation-timing-function: ease-in; }
.rs-tooltip::before { border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 33, 33); border-top-color: transparent; bottom: -0.85rem; }
.rs-tooltip-south { align-items: center; justify-content: center; }
.rs-tooltip-south:focus { box-shadow: rgba(3, 102, 180, 0.7) 0px 0px 0.15rem 0.15rem; outline: 0px; }
.rs-tooltip-south::before { border: 6px solid transparent; content: “”; opacity: 0; z-index: 501; }
.rs-tooltip-north::after, .rs-tooltip-south::after { border-radius: 3px; font-weight: 400; background-color: rgb(33, 33, 33); color: rgb(244, 244, 244); outline: 0px; padding: 0.25rem 0.5rem; white-space: pre; z-index: 501; }
.rs-tooltip-south::after { content: attr(aria-label); font-size: 0.8125rem; opacity: 0; bottom: -2.2rem; }
.rs-tooltip-south:focus::after, .rs-tooltip-south:focus::before, .rs-tooltip-south:hover::after, .rs-tooltip-south:hover::before { animation-delay: 0.2s; animation-duration: 0.1s; animation-fill-mode: forwards; animation-name: show-tooltip; animation-timing-function: ease-in; }
.rs-tooltip-south::before { border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 33, 33); border-top-color: transparent; bottom: -0.85rem; }
.rs-tooltip-north::before, .rs-tooltip-nw::before, .rs-tooltip-se::before, .rs-tooltip-sw::before { border: 6px solid transparent; height: 0px; width: 0px; text-decoration: none; }
.rs-tooltip-north { align-items: center; justify-content: center; }
.rs-tooltip-nw, .rs-tooltip-se, .rs-tooltip-sw { align-items: center; display: inline-flex; }
.rs-tooltip-north::after, .rs-tooltip-north::before, .rs-tooltip-sw::after, .rs-tooltip-sw::before { position: absolute; opacity: 0; pointer-events: none; }
.rs-tooltip-north:focus { box-shadow: rgba(3, 102, 180, 0.7) 0px 0px 0.15rem 0.15rem; outline: 0px; }
.rs-tooltip-north::before { content: “”; font-size: 0.75rem; z-index: 501; }
.rs-tooltip-north::after { content: attr(aria-label); font-size: 0.8125rem; top: -2.2rem; }
.rs-tooltip-north:focus::after, .rs-tooltip-north:focus::before, .rs-tooltip-north:hover::after, .rs-tooltip-north:hover::before { animation-delay: 0.2s; animation-duration: 0.1s; animation-fill-mode: forwards; animation-name: show-tooltip; animation-timing-function: ease-in; }
.rs-tooltip-north::before { border-bottom-color: transparent; border-top-color: rgb(33, 33, 33); top: -0.85rem; }
.rs-tooltip-sw { justify-content: center; position: relative; }
.rs-tooltip-sw::before { content: “”; font-size: 0.75rem; z-index: 501; }
.rs-tooltip-nw::after, .rs-tooltip-se::after, .rs-tooltip-sw::after { border-radius: 3px; font-weight: 400; }
.rs-tooltip-sw::after { background-color: rgb(33, 33, 33); color: rgb(244, 244, 244); content: attr(aria-label); font-size: 0.8125rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0.25rem 0.5rem; white-space: pre; z-index: 501; bottom: -2.2rem; right: 0px; }
.rs-tooltip-sw:focus::after, .rs-tooltip-sw:focus::before, .rs-tooltip-sw:hover::after, .rs-tooltip-sw:hover::before { animation-delay: 0.2s; animation-duration: 0.1s; animation-fill-mode: forwards; animation-name: show-tooltip; animation-timing-function: ease-in; }
.rs-tooltip-sw::before { border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 33, 33); border-top-color: transparent; bottom: -0.85rem; right: 0.5rem; }
.rs-tooltip-nw { justify-content: center; position: relative; }
.rs-tooltip-nw:focus { box-shadow: rgba(3, 102, 180, 0.7) 0px 0px 0.15rem 0.15rem; outline: 0px; }
.rs-tooltip-nw::before { content: “”; font-size: 0.75rem; opacity: 0; pointer-events: none; position: absolute; z-index: 501; }
.rs-tooltip-nw::after { background-color: rgb(33, 33, 33); color: rgb(244, 244, 244); content: attr(aria-label); font-size: 0.8125rem; opacity: 0; outline: 0px; padding: 0.25rem 0.5rem; pointer-events: none; position: absolute; white-space: pre; z-index: 501; right: 0px; top: -2.2rem; }
.rs-tooltip-nw:focus::after, .rs-tooltip-nw:focus::before, .rs-tooltip-nw:hover::after, .rs-tooltip-nw:hover::before { animation-delay: 0.2s; animation-duration: 0.1s; animation-fill-mode: forwards; animation-name: show-tooltip; animation-timing-function: ease-in; }
.rs-tooltip-nw::before { border-bottom-color: transparent; border-top-color: rgb(33, 33, 33); right: 0.5rem; top: -0.85rem; }
.rs-tooltip-se { justify-content: center; position: relative; }
.rs-text-link, .rs-tooltip-ne { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; }
.rs-tooltip-se::before { content: “”; font-size: 0.75rem; opacity: 0; pointer-events: none; position: absolute; z-index: 501; }
.rs-tooltip-ne::after, .rs-tooltip-se::after { background-color: rgb(33, 33, 33); color: rgb(244, 244, 244); content: attr(aria-label); opacity: 0; outline: 0px; padding: 0.25rem 0.5rem; pointer-events: none; white-space: pre; z-index: 501; }
.rs-tooltip-se::after { font-size: 0.8125rem; position: absolute; bottom: -2.2rem; left: 0px; }
.rs-tooltip-se:focus::after, .rs-tooltip-se:focus::before, .rs-tooltip-se:hover::after, .rs-tooltip-se:hover::before { animation-delay: 0.2s; animation-duration: 0.1s; animation-fill-mode: forwards; animation-name: show-tooltip; animation-timing-function: ease-in; }
.rs-tooltip-se::before { border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 33, 33); border-top-color: transparent; bottom: -0.85rem; left: 0.5rem; }
.rs-tooltip-ne { justify-content: center; position: relative; }
.rs-tooltip-ne:focus { box-shadow: rgba(3, 102, 180, 0.7) 0px 0px 0.15rem 0.15rem; outline: 0px; }
.rs-tooltip-ne::before { border: 6px solid transparent; content: “”; font-size: 0.75rem; height: 0px; opacity: 0; pointer-events: none; position: absolute; text-decoration: none; width: 0px; z-index: 501; }
.rs-tooltip-ne::after { border-radius: 3px; font-size: 0.8125rem; font-weight: 400; position: absolute; left: 0px; top: -2.2rem; }
.rs-tooltip-ne:focus::after, .rs-tooltip-ne:focus::before, .rs-tooltip-ne:hover::after, .rs-tooltip-ne:hover::before { animation-delay: 0.2s; animation-duration: 0.1s; animation-fill-mode: forwards; animation-name: show-tooltip; animation-timing-function: ease-in; }
.rs-tooltip-ne::before { border-bottom-color: transparent; border-top-color: rgb(33, 33, 33); left: 0.5rem; top: -0.85rem; }
h1.rs-page-heading { font-family: “Source Sans Pro”, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 2.5rem; line-height: 3.25rem; font-weight: 300; margin-bottom: 1rem; }
h2.rs-section-heading { font-family: “Source Sans Pro”, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 2rem; line-height: 2.5rem; font-weight: 400; margin-bottom: 1rem; }
h3.rs-subsection-heading, h4.rs-category-heading { margin-bottom: 0.5rem; font-family: “Source Sans Pro”, Arial, sans-serif; }
h3.rs-subsection-heading { font-size: 1.5rem; line-height: 2.25rem; font-weight: 400; }
h4.rs-category-heading { font-size: 1.2rem; line-height: 1.75rem; font-weight: 600; }
.rs-text-link { font-weight: 600; color: rgb(59, 59, 59); text-decoration: none; padding: 0.5rem; }
.rs-text-link:hover { color: rgb(2, 89, 204); }
.rs-action-link svg path, .rs-text-link svg path { fill: rgb(59, 59, 59); }
.rs-text-link svg { height: 1rem; width: 1rem; margin-right: 0.25rem; }
.rs-action-link { font-family: “Source Sans Pro”, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.2rem; font-weight: 700; overflow: hidden; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(59, 59, 59); border: 1px solid rgb(59, 59, 59); padding: 0.75rem; margin-right: 1.75rem; text-decoration: none; }
.answer-option, .single-question-detail { overflow-wrap: break-word; }
@media (max-width: 480px) {
.rs-action-link { flex-grow: 1; }
}
.rs-action-link svg { height: 1rem; width: 1rem; margin-right: 0.25rem; vertical-align: -0.2rem; }
.rs-action-link:focus, .rs-action-link:hover { color: rgb(2, 89, 204); border-color: rgb(2, 89, 204); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 1px 2px; }
.rs-action-link:focus svg path, .rs-action-link:hover svg path { fill: rgb(2, 89, 204); }
.rs-action-link:active { color: rgb(0, 0, 0); }
.rs-action-link:active svg path { fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); }
.rs-action-link:disabled { border: 1px solid rgb(178, 178, 178); color: rgb(118, 118, 118); cursor: not-allowed; }
.rs-action-link:disabled svg path { fill: rgb(118, 118, 118); }
.rs-action-link:disabled:hover { box-shadow: none; }
.rs-action-link.primary { color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(2, 89, 204); border-color: rgb(2, 89, 204); }
.rs-action-link.primary svg path { fill: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.rs-action-link.primary:focus, .rs-action-link.primary:hover { background-color: rgb(37, 112, 211); border-color: rgb(37, 112, 211); }
.rs-action-link.primary:active { background-color: rgb(1, 69, 159); }
.rs-action-link.primary:disabled { background-color: rgb(118, 118, 118); border: 1px solid rgb(118, 118, 118); }
.rs-box-link { text-decoration: none; text-align: center; }
.answer-option { border-radius: 0.375rem; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 1px solid rgb(59, 59, 59); }
.answer-option input { position: absolute; left: -10000px; top: auto; width: 1px; height: 1px; overflow: hidden; }
.answer-option input:focus + label { outline: -webkit-focus-ring-color auto 5px; }
.answer-option-label { line-height: 1.5rem; display: flex; align-items: center; padding: 0.5rem 1.125rem; }
.answer-option-label-marker { width: 1.25rem; min-width: 1.25rem; height: 1.25rem; line-height: 1.25rem; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.24) 0px 0.125rem 0.125rem 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 1px solid rgb(59, 59, 59); color: rgb(59, 59, 59); border-radius: 2rem; font-size: 0.83rem; font-weight: 500; display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center; }
.answer-option-label-content { margin-left: 0.9375rem; flex: 1 1 0%; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.25rem; min-width: 1%; color: rgb(59, 59, 59); }
.answer-option.is-correct .answer-option-label-marker, .answer-option.is-incorrect .answer-option-label-marker { border: none; box-shadow: none; }
.answer-option:not(.is-correct):not(.is-incorrect):not(.disabled), .answer-option:not(.is-correct):not(.is-incorrect):not(.disabled) label { cursor: pointer; }
.answer-option:not(.is-correct):not(.is-incorrect):not(.disabled).is-selected { border-color: rgb(37, 112, 211); }
.answer-option:not(.is-correct):not(.is-incorrect):not(.disabled).is-selected .answer-option-label-marker { background: rgb(37, 112, 211); border-color: rgb(37, 112, 211); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: 700; }
.answer-option.is-correct { border-color: rgb(5, 117, 32); }
.answer-option.is-correct .answer-option-label-marker svg { fill: rgb(5, 117, 32); }
.answer-option.is-incorrect { border-color: rgb(168, 11, 9); }
.answer-option.is-incorrect .answer-option-label-marker svg { fill: rgb(168, 11, 9); }
.answer-option .answer-option-label-marker > svg { width: 1.25rem; height: 1.25rem; min-width: 1.25rem; }
.answer-options-with-summary-label { margin: 0.625em 0px; font-weight: 700; }
.answer-options-with-summary-radiogroup { display: flex; flex-direction: column; margin: auto; }
.answer-options-with-summary-radiogroup > .answer-option:not(:last-child), .answer-options-with-summary-radiogroup > .answer-response-status { margin: 0px 0px 0.625em; }
.answer-response-status { display: flex; flex-direction: row; align-items: center; border: 1px solid rgb(59, 59, 59); }
.answer-response-status-graphic { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; height: 1.5rem; width: 3rem; }
.answer-response-status-graphic .svg-icon { padding: 0.2rem; height: 1.5rem; width: 1.5rem; }
.answer-response-status-text { padding: 1rem 0.625rem; border-left: 1px solid rgb(59, 59, 59); }
.answer-response-status.is-correct { background: rgb(225, 237, 227); border: 1px solid rgb(5, 117, 32); }
.answer-response-status.is-correct .svg-icon { fill: rgb(5, 117, 32); }
.answer-response-status.is-correct .answer-response-status-text { border-left: 1px solid rgb(5, 117, 32); }
.answer-response-status.is-incorrect { background: rgb(243, 226, 225); border: 1px solid rgb(168, 11, 9); }
.answer-response-status.is-incorrect .svg-icon { fill: rgb(168, 11, 9); }
.answer-response-status.is-incorrect .answer-response-status-text { border-left: 1px solid rgb(168, 11, 9); }
.answer-response-status.submitted-without-answer { background: rgb(244, 244, 244); border: 1px solid rgb(59, 59, 59); }
.answer-response-status.submitted-without-answer .svg-icon { fill: rgb(118, 118, 118); }
.assignment-page-range-selector { display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-content: center; }
.assignment-page-range-selector-options { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; margin-bottom: 2rem; width: 100%; }
.assignment-page-range-selector-options-start { flex: 1 1 0%; margin-right: 1rem; }
.assignment-page-range-selector-options-end { flex: 1 1 0%; margin-left: 1rem; }
.assignment-page-range-selector-button { display: flex; justify-content: center; }
.assignment-page-range-selector-button-add { width: 16rem; }
.assignment-page-range-selector .assignment-page-range { padding-bottom: 0.75rem; font-size: 1.25rem; text-align: center; }
.assignment-page-range-selector .assignment-page-range strong { font-weight: 700; font-size: 1.5rem; }
.assignment-page-range-selector .error { text-align: center; padding-bottom: 0.75rem; }
.assignment-page-range-selector .error strong { font-weight: 700; }
.assignment-submission { display: flex; flex-direction: column; }
.assignment-submission .detail-row { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; }
.assignment-submission .rs-segmented-control { margin: 0px auto; padding: 0.625rem 0px; }
.assignment-submission-questions-list { display: flex; flex-direction: column; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.completed-assignments-chart, .delta-value { align-items: center; display: flex; }
.assignment-submission-questions-list-item:not(:last-of-type) { border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(118, 118, 118); }
.assignment-submission-questions-list-item-link { text-decoration: none; }
.assignment-submission-questions-list-no-content { padding: 2rem; text-align: center; }
.completed-assignments-chart { background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); padding: 2rem; color: rgb(59, 59, 59); border: 1px solid rgb(237, 237, 237); justify-content: center; width: 100%; }
.completed-assignments-chart > .highcharts-wrapper { width: 100%; height: 100%; }
.classroom-header-card .rs-card-title { text-align: center; }
.classroom-header-card .rs-card-content { display: flex; }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.classroom-header-card .rs-card-content { flex-direction: column; }
}
.classroom-header-card-item { text-align: center; padding: 0.6875rem; flex: 1 1 0%; display: flex; flex-direction: column; justify-content: center; }
.classroom-header-card-item-value { font-family: “Source Sans Pro”, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1.5625rem; line-height: 1.75rem; font-weight: 800; }
.classroom-header-card-item:not(:last-of-type) { border-right: 1px solid rgb(178, 178, 178); }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.classroom-header-card-item:not(:last-of-type) { border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(178, 178, 178); border-right: none; }
}
.delta-value svg { margin-right: 0.5rem; height: 1rem; width: 1rem; }
.delta-value.positive svg { fill: rgb(3, 91, 24); }
.delta-value.negative svg { fill: rgb(131, 8, 7); }
.delta-value.neutral svg { color: rgb(118, 118, 118); }
.answer-option-editor { position: relative; display: flex; align-items: center; border-radius: 0.375rem; border: 1px solid rgb(59, 59, 59); }
.answer-option-editor-label-marker { width: 1.25rem; height: 1.25rem; margin: 0px 1rem; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.24) 0px 0.125rem 0.125rem 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 1px solid rgb(59, 59, 59); color: rgb(59, 59, 59); border-radius: 2rem; font-size: 0.83rem; font-weight: 500; display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center; }
.answer-option-editor-content { flex: 1 1 0%; display: flex; flex-direction: column; border-left: 1px solid rgb(59, 59, 59); }
.answer-option-editor-content-actions { flex: 1 1 0%; text-align: right; padding-top: 1rem; }
.answer-option-editor-content-actions .rs-box-link svg, .answer-option-editor-content-actions .rs-button svg { height: 1.5rem; width: 1.5rem; }
.answer-option-editor-content-actions .rs-box-link svg path, .answer-option-editor-content-actions .rs-button svg path { fill: none; }
.answer-option-editor-content-editor-controls { padding: 0px 1rem 1rem; flex: 1 1 0%; }
.answer-option-editor-content-editor-controls .rs-text-editor { padding-bottom: 0.5rem; }
.modern.rs-table .rs-table-content { white-space: inherit; }
.no-data { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 2fr 3fr; grid-template-areas: “logo message”; max-width: 60%; margin-left: 20%; margin-right: 20%; }
.no-data__message { grid-area: message / message / message / message; justify-content: center; padding: 1em; }
.no-data__message__text { font-size: 1.5em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; }
.no-data__logo { grid-area: logo / logo / logo / logo; display: block; margin: auto; }
.no-data__logo svg { width: 10.25em; height: 10.25em; }
.page-range-preview { border: 1px solid rgb(0, 88, 123); padding: 0.625em; display: flex; border-radius: 4px; align-items: center; max-width: 28em; }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.page-range-preview { font-size: 0.9em; padding: 0.3125em; }
.page-range-preview .page-range-preview-details-pages { font-size: 1em; }
}
.page-range-preview-images { flex-basis: 50%; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; }
.page-range-preview-image { width: 50%; padding: 0.25em; }
.page-range-preview-image img { max-width: 6em; border-radius: 0.25em; border: 1px solid rgb(247, 247, 247); }
.page-range-preview-info { display: flex; flex-basis: 50%; color: rgb(0, 106, 148); align-items: center; }
.page-range-preview-details { flex: 1 1 0%; padding-left: 0.5em; font-size: 1.2em; font-weight: 600; }
.page-range-preview-details-remove button { appearance: none; font-size: 2em; border: none; background: 0px 0px; color: rgb(0, 106, 148); }
.page-range-preview-details-remove button:hover { color: rgb(0, 143, 199); }
.page-range-preview-details-question-count { font-size: 0.9em; font-weight: 400; }
.pretty-score.high-score { border-color: rgb(5, 117, 32); }
.pretty-score.medium-score { border-color: rgb(214, 125, 0); }
.pretty-score.low-score { border-color: rgb(168, 11, 9); }
.pretty-score.no-score { border-color: rgb(118, 118, 118); }
.pretty-score-value { display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center; border-radius: 50%; border-style: solid; color: rgb(59, 59, 59); font-weight: 900; border-color: inherit; border-width: 0.15em; height: 2.25em; width: 2.25em; }
.pretty-score-label { padding-top: 0.5rem; }
.question-edit__answer-option { margin: 2em 0px; }
.question-edit__input-line { align-items: flex-end; display: flex; }
.question-edit__wysiwyg-input__hide { flex: 1 1 0%; margin-right: 0.5em; min-width: 1%; }
.question-edit__wysiwyg-input__hide .fr-toolbar { display: none; }
.question-edit__wysiwyg-input__hide .fr-element { border-top: 5px solid; border-radius: 2px; min-height: 2em !important; }
.question-edit__wysiwyg-input__show { flex: 1 1 0%; margin-right: 0.5em; min-width: 1%; }
.question-edit__wysiwyg-input__show .fr-element { min-height: 2em !important; }
.question-edit__validation-label { align-self: center; color: red; flex-grow: 1; }
.question-edit-form .rs-tooltip::after { overflow: hidden; width: 0px; }
.question-edit-form .rs-tooltip:focus::after, .question-edit-form .rs-tooltip:hover::after { overflow: unset; width: unset; }
.fr-popup { z-index: 100 !important; }
.fr-placeholder::after { content: ” “; }
.question-formatting-toggle.rs-box-link svg path, .rs-box-link:active.question-formatting-toggle svg path, .rs-box-link:focus.question-formatting-toggle svg path, .rs-box-link:hover.question-formatting-toggle svg path, .rs-button.question-formatting-toggle svg path, .rs-button:active.question-formatting-toggle svg path, .rs-button:focus.question-formatting-toggle svg path, .rs-button:hover.question-formatting-toggle svg path { fill: none; }
.question-notification { background: rgb(255, 243, 224); border-radius: 0.375rem; border: 1px solid rgb(246, 178, 66); padding: 0.75rem; }
.question-notification-main { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; }
.question-notification-main-note { font-weight: 600; margin-right: 1rem; cursor: pointer; }
.question-notification-main-icon { padding: 0px; }
.question-notification-content-text { padding: 0.5rem 0px; }
.question-notification-action { margin-top: 1ch; }
.question-preview { display: flex; align-items: center; margin: 0.25rem 0px; }
.question-preview-icon { margin-right: 0.625rem; }
.question-preview-icon > .response-status-icon { width: 1.375rem; height: 1.375rem; }
.question-preview-text { color: rgb(59, 59, 59); flex: 1 1 0%; min-width: 0px; }
.question-text { font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75rem; color: rgb(59, 59, 59); }
.question-text i { font-style: italic; }
.question-text b { font-weight: 700; }
.questions-by-ncx { margin-bottom: 0.875rem; }
.questions-by-ncx-questions-count { font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-weight: 700; }
.citation-text i, .definition-details-header-part-of-speech, .membership-info-options-inactive, .rs-text-editor-froala em, .search-results-item-link .rs-es-h, .section-document-title, .sidebar-links-version-number, .toc-page-range-preview-details, .user-authored-html em { font-style: italic; }
.questions-by-ncx .course-material-main-create-button-wrapper { margin-bottom: 0px; }
.questions-by-ncx .rs-collapsible-item-content { margin-top: 0.875rem; }
.questions-by-ncx-wrapper { display: grid; gap: 1.2rem; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(42ch, 1fr)); }
.questions-by-ncx-wrapper + .questions-by-ncx { margin-top: 1.75rem; }
.questions-by-ncx-question-card { position: relative; }
.questions-by-ncx-question-card .rs-card-title-memo > .rs-box-link, .questions-by-ncx-question-card .rs-card-title-memo > .rs-button { margin-right: 0px; }
.questions-by-ncx-question-card .rs-card-content { max-height: 360px; overflow: auto; }
.question-newly-added { color: rgb(214, 125, 0); fill: rgb(214, 125, 0); }
.question-newly-added .bell-icon { position: relative; top: 0.2em; }
.questions-by-ncx__question-stats-modal .rs-modal-content > .rs-card > .rs-card-title { padding-bottom: 0px; }
.questions-by-ncx__question-stats-modal .rs-modal-content > .rs-card > .rs-card-title.divider { border: none; margin-bottom: 0px; }
.questions-by-ncx__question-stats-modal .rs-modal-content { max-width: inherit; width: 1017px; }
.rail-question, .rail-question-editor { transition: top 0.3s ease 0s, right 0.3s ease 0s, height 0.3s ease 0s, width 0.3s ease 0s, background 0.3s ease 0s, border-radius 0.3s ease 0s; pointer-events: initial; display: block; z-index: initial; }
.rail-question-button, .rail-question-editor-button { border: none; }
.rail-question-button, .rail-question-button > svg, .rail-question-editor-button, .rail-question-editor-button > svg { width: 100%; min-width: 100%; height: 100%; line-height: 100%; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 100px; }
.rail-question-button-publisher, .rail-question-editor-button-publisher { fill: rgba(89, 89, 89, 0.86); }
.rail-question-button-professor, .rail-question-editor-button-professor { fill: rgb(5, 117, 32); }
.rail-question-button:focus, .rail-question-editor-button:focus { outline: -webkit-focus-ring-color auto 5px; }
.rail-question-button > .response-status-icon, .rail-question-editor-button > .response-status-icon { height: 100%; width: 100%; }
.rail-question-button:hover > .response-status-icon.correct > svg, .rail-question-editor-button:hover > .response-status-icon.correct > svg { fill: rgb(40, 136, 63); }
.rail-question-button:hover > .response-status-icon.incorrect > svg, .rail-question-editor-button:hover > .response-status-icon.incorrect > svg { fill: rgb(180, 45, 43); }
.rail-question-button:hover > .response-status-icon.unsubmitted > svg, .rail-question-editor-button:hover > .response-status-icon.unsubmitted > svg { fill: rgb(246, 178, 66); }
.rail-question-button:hover > .response-status-icon.submitted-without-answer > svg, .rail-question-editor-button:hover > .response-status-icon.submitted-without-answer > svg { fill: rgb(178, 178, 178); }
.rail-question-editor-modal-dismiss, .rail-question-modal-dismiss { display: flex; justify-content: flex-end; }
.rail-question-editor-modal .modal-content, .rail-question-modal .modal-content { overflow-y: auto; }
.rail-question-modal .rs-modal-content { max-width: 90vw; width: 100ch; }
.reading-assignment-creation-summary-card-content { display: flex; flex-grow: 1; padding: 1.25rem; align-items: center; }
.reading-assignment-creation-summary-card-content-image > img { border-radius: 50%; height: 4rem; width: 4rem; }
.reading-assignment-creation-summary-card-content-info { display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; padding-left: 1.25rem; }
.reading-assignment-creation-summary-card-content-info-book-title { font-weight: 700; line-height: 1.75rem; }
.reading-assignment-creation-summary-card-content-info .date-row { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; }
.reading-assignment-list-entry:not(:last-child) { border-bottom: 0px; }
.reading-assignment-list-entry-link { color: initial; text-decoration: none; width: 100%; }
.reading-assignment-list-entry-error { border: none; padding-top: 0.25rem; font-size: 0.9rem; line-height: 1rem; }
.reading-assignment-page-ranges-summary .rs-table-body-cell { white-space: normal; }
.reading-assignment-page-ranges-summary .rs-table-cell svg { width: 1.5rem; height: 1.5rem; }
.reading-assignment-page-ranges-summary .rs-table-cell .rs-icon-link { display: inline-flex; margin-right: 1rem; line-height: 1rem; }
.reading-assignment-preview-card { display: flex; flex-direction: column; line-height: 1.75rem; }
.reading-assignment-preview-card-intro { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; }
.reading-assignment-preview-card-intro-deadline { flex-shrink: 0; min-width: 15ch; text-align: right; }
.reading-assignment-preview-card-details { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; }
.reading-assignment-preview-card-details-time-left { flex-shrink: 0; font-weight: 700; }
.reading-assignment-preview-card-details-completed-label { color: rgb(59, 59, 59); position: relative; top: -1em; }
.reading-assignment-preview-card-details-completed-label::before { content: “•”; color: rgb(40, 136, 63); margin-right: 0.3ch; font-size: 1.5em; vertical-align: -0.1ex; }
.response-detail { display: block; }
.response-detail-heading { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; margin-bottom: 0.875rem; }
.response-detail-heading-icon, .response-detail-heading-icon > svg { width: 1.25rem; min-width: 1.25rem; height: 1.25rem; line-height: 1.75rem; }
.response-detail-heading-icon.rs-unsubmitted-icon svg { fill: rgb(214, 125, 0); }
.response-detail-heading-icon.rs-submitted-without-answer-icon svg { fill: rgb(118, 118, 118); }
.response-detail-heading-icon.rs-correct-icon svg { fill: rgb(5, 117, 32); }
.response-detail-heading-icon.rs-incorrect-icon svg { fill: rgb(168, 11, 9); }
.response-detail-heading-text { font-size: 1.5625rem; font-weight: 600; color: rgb(59, 59, 59); text-indent: 0.5625rem; line-height: 1.75rem; }
.response-detail-page-number { text-align: center; font-size: 1.3rem; font-weight: 600; color: rgb(59, 59, 59); margin-bottom: 0.875rem; }
.response-detail-location { font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75rem; }
.response-detail-answer-and-response, .response-detail-submission { margin-top: 1.5rem; }
.response-detail-submission-warning { font-size: 0.9rem; line-height: 1.75rem; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0.4rem; white-space: nowrap; }
.response-detail-submission-buttons { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; text-align: right; flex-flow: row-reverse; margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.response-detail-submission-buttons > button { width: 100%; margin: 0px; }
.response-detail-answer-feedback-heading, .response-detail-question__label { font-weight: 700; }
.response-detail-loading { display: block; min-height: 10rem; }
.response-detail-loading > .loading-content { margin-top: 0px; }
.response-status-icon > svg { width: 100%; height: 100%; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); }
.response-status-icon.correct > svg, .response-status-icon.created-by-professor > svg { fill: rgb(5, 117, 32); }
.response-status-icon.correct.interactive:hover > svg, .response-status-icon.created-by-professor.interactive:hover > svg { fill: rgb(40, 136, 63); }
.response-status-icon.incorrect > svg { fill: rgb(168, 11, 9); }
.response-status-icon.incorrect.interactive:hover > svg { fill: rgb(180, 45, 43); }
.response-status-icon.unsubmitted > svg { fill: rgb(214, 125, 0); }
.response-status-icon.unsubmitted.interactive:hover > svg { fill: rgb(246, 178, 66); }
.response-status-icon.created-by-publisher > svg, .response-status-icon.submitted-without-answer > svg { fill: rgb(118, 118, 118); }
.response-status-icon.created-by-publisher.interactive:hover > svg, .response-status-icon.submitted-without-answer.interactive:hover > svg { fill: rgb(178, 178, 178); }
.rs-table-body-cell-progress-bar-content { display: flex; }
.rs-table-body-cell-progress-bar-content .rs-progress-bar { padding-left: 0.5rem; display: flex; align-items: center; width: 4.75rem; }
.rs-table-body-cell-response-status .response-status-icon { width: 1rem; }
.section-document { display: flex; flex-direction: row; align-items: center; transition: box-shadow 0.2s ease 0s; text-decoration: none; padding: 1em; border: 1px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.section-document-link { display: block; text-decoration: none; }
.section-document-link:focus, .section-document-link:hover { border-radius: 5px; box-shadow: rgb(204, 204, 204) 0px 0px 8px 0px; }
.section-document-thumbnail { flex: 0 0 5.5em; height: 5.5em; width: 5.5em; border-radius: 50%; background-position: center center; background-size: cover; border: 1px solid rgb(118, 118, 118); margin-right: 1em; }
.section-document-title { font-size: 1.1em; line-height: 0.8em; font-weight: 600; color: rgb(78, 70, 68); padding-left: 0.1em; }
.section-document-relation { text-transform: uppercase; color: rgb(119, 107, 104); }
.section-header { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; height: 3em; background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0px; padding: 0px 4vw; }
@media (min-width: 1441px) {
.section-header { margin: 0px auto; width: 1440px; }
}
.section-header-title { margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 1.4em; }
.question-stats .question-info > p, .select-section-material { margin-bottom: 1em; }
.section-header-link { text-decoration: none; color: inherit; }
.section-header-menu-toggle { font-size: 1.8em; }
.sections-table.rs-table .rs-table-header-row .rs-table-header-cell { white-space: nowrap; }
.sections-table.rs-table .rs-table-header-row .rs-table-header-cell svg { max-width: 0.8rem; display: inline-block; visibility: hidden; }
.sections-table.rs-table .rs-table-header-row .rs-table-cell.active svg { visibility: visible; }
.sections-table.rs-table .rs-table-header-cell:hover { cursor: pointer; }
.select-section-material-header { font-weight: 700; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border-width: 1px 1px 0px; background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252); padding: 0.75em 1.25em; }
.select-section-material-docs { border: 1px solid rgb(234, 234, 234); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); padding: 2em; display: flex; flex-direction: column; justify-content: space-between; }
.single-question-detail-owner-label { background: gray; clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 100% 0px, calc(100% – 1.5em) 100%, 1.5em 100%); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); height: 1.5em; left: 50%; line-height: 1.3em; padding: 0px 2em; position: absolute; top: 0px; transform: translateX(-50%); }
.single-question-detail-owner-label[data-author-type=”publisher”] { background: rgba(89, 89, 89, 0.86); }
.single-question-detail-owner-label[data-author-type=”instructor”] { background: rgb(5, 117, 32); }
.single-question-detail-header { margin-bottom: 0.25rem; }
.single-question-detail-answer-options { display: flex; flex-direction: column; }
.single-question-detail-answer-options-item { display: flex; align-items: center; padding-right: 1.5rem; }
.single-question-detail-answer-options-item .answer-option { margin-bottom: 0.25rem; min-width: 1%; flex: 1 1 0%; }
.single-question-detail-answer-options-item-decorator { width: 1.5rem; text-align: center; flex-shrink: 0; }
.single-question-detail-answer-options-item-decorator svg { width: 1rem; height: 1rem; fill: rgb(5, 117, 32); }
.single-question-detail .answer-feedback { margin: 1.5rem 0px; }
.single-question-detail .answer-feedback__content { border: 1px solid rgb(59, 59, 59); border-radius: 0.375rem; margin: 1rem 1.5rem; padding: 0.5rem 1.125rem; }
.student-reading-assignments-header { font-family: “Source Sans Pro”, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1.5625rem; line-height: 1.75rem; font-weight: 400; margin-bottom: 0.25rem; }
.submission-summary-card-details-average-subheading, .submission-summary-card-intro-score-subheading { font-weight: 700; }
.student-reading-assignments-list { list-style: none; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; }
.student-reading-assignments-list:not(:last-of-type) { margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.student-reading-assignments-list .reading-assignment-list-entry:not(:last-of-type) { margin-bottom: 0.5rem; }
.student-reading-assignments-no-content-message { display: flex; text-align: center; align-items: center; justify-content: center; width: 100%; padding: 3rem 1rem; margin-bottom: 0.5rem; border: 1px solid rgb(118, 118, 118); }
.submission-summary-card { display: flex; flex-direction: column; line-height: 1.75rem; }
.submission-summary-card-intro { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; }
.submission-summary-card-intro-score { flex-shrink: 0; }
.submission-summary-card-details { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; }
.submission-summary-card-details-average { flex-shrink: 0; }
ul.section-list { list-style: disc; padding: 1rem 0px 1rem 2rem; }
.ta-table { overflow-x: visible; }
.ta-table .rs-table-body .rs-table-cell:last-child { padding-right: 0.5rem; text-align: right; }
.classroom-action-menu__icon .rs-navbar-dropdown-trigger:focus, .classroom-action-menu__icon .rs-navbar-dropdown-trigger:hover { border-bottom: none; outline: 0px; }
.classroom-action-menu__icon .rs-navbar-dropdown-container .rs-box-link, .classroom-action-menu__icon .rs-navbar-dropdown-container .rs-button { width: 100%; border: none; text-align: left; }
.classroom-action-menu__icon .rs-navbar-dropdown-group-item > .rs-box-link:focus, .classroom-action-menu__icon .rs-navbar-dropdown-group-item > .rs-box-link:hover, .classroom-action-menu__icon .rs-navbar-dropdown-group-item > .rs-button:focus, .classroom-action-menu__icon .rs-navbar-dropdown-group-item > .rs-button:hover { background-color: rgb(237, 237, 237); color: rgb(33, 33, 33); text-decoration: none; outline: 0px; box-shadow: none; }
.rs-table-row.rs-table-body-row:last-child .rs-navbar-dropdown-container, .rs-table-row.rs-table-body-row:nth-last-child(2) .rs-navbar-dropdown-container { top: unset; bottom: 2.625rem; }
.rs-table-row.rs-table-body-row:first-child .rs-navbar-dropdown-container { top: 2.625rem; bottom: unset; }
.toc-page-range-preview { padding: 0.25em 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(37, 33, 32); }
.toc-page-range-preview-details { font-size: 0.8em; color: rgb(78, 70, 68); }
.toc-questions-selection { font-size: 1rem; border: 1px solid rgb(118, 118, 118); }
.toc-questions-selection > .selectable-chapter { padding: 0.875rem 1rem; }
.toc-questions-selection > .selectable-chapter > .selectable-chapter { padding: 0.875rem 0px 0px; }
.toc-questions-selection > .selectable-chapter:not(:last-of-type) { border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(118, 118, 118); }
.toc-questions-selection .selectable-chapter-wrapper { display: flex; align-items: center; }
.toc-questions-selection .selectable-chapter-details { display: flex; align-items: center; width: 100%; justify-content: space-between; }
.toc-questions-selection .selectable-chapter-details-question-count { padding: 0px 1rem; width: 12em; text-align: right; font-weight: 600; }
.toc-questions-selection .selectable-chapter-details-toggle-children { width: 2rem; }
.toc-questions-selection .selectable-chapter-details-toggle-children button { display: flex; text-align: center; background: 0px 0px; border: none; }
.toc-questions-selection .selectable-chapter-details-toggle-children button.is-expanded { transform: rotate(90deg); }
.toc-questions-selection-no-content { padding: 1rem; }
.question-stats { display: grid; grid-template: “heading heading” auto “summary answers” auto “info answers” 1fr / 13em 1fr; gap: 1em; color: rgb(57, 69, 81); background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249); padding: 0px 0.5em 1em; }
.question-stats .question-heading { grid-area: heading / heading / heading / heading; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); padding: 0px 1.5em; margin: 0px -0.5em; }
.question-stats .question-info, .question-stats .question-summary { border: 1px solid rgb(237, 237, 237); padding: 1.5em 0.5em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.question-stats .question-answers { grid-area: answers / answers / answers / answers; }
.question-stats .question-summary { grid-area: summary / summary / summary / summary; border-radius: 0.25em; display: flex; flex-direction: column; justify-content: flex-start; align-items: center; }
.question-stats .question-info { grid-area: info / info / info / info; }
.question-stats.question-stats–no-responses { grid-template: “heading heading” auto “logo message” 20em / 2fr 3fr; }
.question-stats .empty-message { grid-area: message / message / message / message; }
.question-stats .question-heading .question-heading__context { font-weight: 500; font-size: 0.875em; text-transform: uppercase; }
.question-stats .question-heading .question-heading__prompt { font-weight: 500; font-size: 2.375em; line-height: 1.25; }
.question-stats .question-summary .response-status-icon { width: 1.75em; height: 1.75em; }
.question-stats .question-summary .question-summary__pct { font-size: 3.75em; line-height: 1.25; font-weight: 700; color: rgb(78, 95, 111); }
.question-stats .question-summary .question-summary__pct-text { text-transform: uppercase; font-size: 0.875em; line-height: 1.5; font-weight: 500; color: rgb(57, 69, 81); }
.question-stats .question-summary .question-summary__total { text-transform: lowercase; font-size: 0.875em; line-height: 1.5; color: rgb(99, 121, 141); }
.question-stats .question-info { border-radius: 0.25em; font-size: 1em; }
.question-stats .question-info > p strong { font-weight: 700; }
.question-stats .question-answers { border: 1px solid rgb(237, 237, 237); border-radius: 0.25em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); padding: 0.5em; }
.question-stats .question-answers .question-answers__heading { font-size: 1.5em; line-height: 2; font-weight: 500; color: rgb(77, 92, 106); }
.question-stats .question-answers .answer-breakdown { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1.5em 1fr 3.5em 2fr; grid-auto-rows: 3.5em; gap: 1.5em 0.5em; }
.question-stats .question-answers .answer-breakdown > * { min-height: 3.5em; }
.question-stats .question-answers .answer-breakdown__text { overflow-y: hidden; }
.question-stats .question-answers .answer-breakdown__label { text-align: center; font-weight: 700; }
.question-stats .question-answers .answer-breakdown__chart .answer-breakdown__chart__bar { width: 100%; height: 3.5em; background-color: rgb(235, 245, 255); border-radius: 0.25em; }
.question-stats .question-answers .answer-breakdown__chart .answer-breakdown__chart__bar .answer-breakdown__chart__bar__filler { border-top-left-radius: 0.25em; border-bottom-left-radius: 0.25em; height: 100%; background-color: rgb(78, 95, 111); }
.question-stats .question-answers .answer-breakdown__chart .answer-breakdown__chart__bar–correct .answer-breakdown__chart__bar__filler { background-color: rgb(66, 164, 255); }
.question-stats .question-answers .answer-breakdown__pct .answer-breakdown__pct__tick { width: 100%; height: 3.5em; border: 1px solid rgb(237, 237, 237); border-radius: 0.25em; display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: center; justify-content: space-around; }
.question-stats .question-answers .answer-breakdown__pct .answer-breakdown__pct__tick > .response-status-icon { width: 1.25em; height: 1.25em; }
.question-stats .empty-logo { grid-area: logo / logo / logo / logo; display: block; margin: auto; }
.question-stats .empty-logo svg { width: 10.25em; height: 10.25em; }
.question-stats .empty-message { display: flex; flex-direction: column; justify-content: center; padding: 1em 3em 1em 1em; }
.question-stats .empty-message .empty-message__text { font-weight: 100; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.25; padding-bottom: 0.5em; }
.question-stats .empty-message .empty-message__note { line-height: 1.25; font-size: 1em; }
.question-stats .empty-message .empty-message__note strong { font-weight: 700; }
@keyframes spin-icon-animation {
0% { transform: rotate(359deg); }
100% { transform: rotate(0deg); }
}
.activity-log ol.activity-log__list > li { display: flex; flex-direction: row; align-items: center; padding: 0.25em 0px; }
.activity-log ol.activity-log__list > li .activity-log__icon > svg { width: 1.2em; fill: rgb(118, 118, 118); }
.activity-log ol.activity-log__list > li .activity-log__icon–working > svg { animation: 1.5s linear 0s infinite normal none running spin-icon-animation; }
.activity-log ol.activity-log__list > li .activity-log__icon–success > svg { fill: rgb(5, 117, 32); }
.activity-log ol.activity-log__list > li .activity-log__message { padding-left: 1em; }
.question-importer { padding: 0px; }
.question-importer .question-importer-workspace { min-height: 19rem; }
.question-importer .question-importer-button-bar { margin-top: 1rem; border-top: 1px solid rgb(178, 178, 178); display: flex; flex-direction: row; justify-content: flex-end; padding: 1rem 0px; }
.question-importer .question-importer-file-info { border-radius: 0.25rem; border: 2px solid rgb(178, 178, 178); background: rgb(251, 251, 251); color: rgb(59, 59, 59); display: flex; justify-content: space-between; padding: 1rem; font-weight: 700; margin-top: 2rem; }
.ember-burger-menu.bm–open-door > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu::after, .ember-burger-menu.bm–open-door > .bm-outlet > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu::after, .ember-burger-menu.bm–push-rotate > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu::after, .ember-burger-menu.bm–push-rotate > .bm-outlet > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu::after, .ember-burger-menu.bm–reveal > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu::after, .ember-burger-menu.bm–reveal > .bm-outlet > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu::after, .ember-burger-menu.bm–rotate-out > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu::after, .ember-burger-menu.bm–rotate-out > .bm-outlet > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu::after, .ember-burger-menu.bm–scale-rotate > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu::after, .ember-burger-menu.bm–scale-rotate > .bm-outlet > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu::after, .ember-burger-menu.is-open::after, .question-importer .rs-file-upload .rs-file-upload-nothing-selected { display: none; }
.question-importer .question-importer-info-message { border-radius: 0.25rem; border: 2px solid rgb(178, 178, 178); background: rgb(251, 251, 251); color: rgb(59, 59, 59); padding: 0.25rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; }
.question-importer .question-importer-error-table { max-height: 15rem; }
.question-importer .rs-file-upload .rs-file-upload-controls { width: 100%; }
.question-importer .rs-file-upload .rs-file-upload-drag-area { border-color: rgb(178, 178, 178); }
.question-importer .rs-file-upload .rs-file-upload-drag-area-icon svg { fill: rgb(118, 118, 118); }
.question-importer .rs-file-upload .rs-file-upload-label { visibility: hidden; }
.create-assignment-content { width: 100%; margin: 0px auto; padding: 0px 3.75rem 3.75rem; }
.create-assignment-steps { padding: 2rem; margin: 0px auto; }
.reading-assignment-creation-summary { padding-bottom: 2.5rem; margin: 0px auto; }
@media (min-width: 1024px) {
.reading-assignment-creation-summary { width: 80%; }
}
.assignment-editor-before-transition-modal__warning { padding-bottom: 10px; }
.create-assignment-start-doc { display: flex; flex-flow: row wrap; padding-bottom: 2rem; }
.create-assignment-start-doc-item { flex: 1 1 0%; }
.create-assignment-start-doc-item input { position: absolute; }
.create-assignment-start-doc-item label { display: inline-block; margin: 0px; }
.create-assignment-start-card h2 { font-family: “Source Sans Pro”, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1.5625rem; line-height: 1.75rem; font-weight: 400; padding-bottom: 2rem; }
.create-assignment-start-card-row { display: flex; padding-bottom: 2rem; }
.create-assignment-start-card-row-item { flex: 1 1 0%; padding: 0px 1rem; }
.create-assignment-start-card-row-item-subtext { font-family: “Source Sans Pro”, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.8rem; line-height: 1.25rem; font-weight: 400; }
.create-assignment-questions-card-content-details-title, .create-assignment-reading .create-assignment-label, .create-assignment-review-card h2 { font-size: 1.5625rem; line-height: 1.75rem; font-weight: 400; font-family: “Source Sans Pro”, Arial, sans-serif; }
.create-assignment-start-card-row-item:first-child { padding-left: 0px; }
.create-assignment-start-card-row-item:last-child { padding-right: 0px; }
.create-assignment-start-date-time-pair { display: flex; }
.create-assignment-start-date-time-pair > :first-child { padding-right: 0.5rem; }
.create-assignment-reading .rs-segmented-control .rs-radio-group { margin: 0px auto; }
.create-assignment-reading .assignment-page-range-selector-wrapper { max-width: 30rem; margin: 0px auto; padding-bottom: 1.5em; }
.create-assignment-reading .create-assignment-reading-chapter-selector { margin: 0px 3em 3em; max-height: 40vh; overflow: auto; }
.create-assignment-reading .create-assignment-label { margin: 0px 0px 1.5rem; padding-top: 2rem; text-align: center; }
.create-assignment-reading-modal .rs-modal-content { padding: 0px; }
.create-assignment-reading-summary { margin-top: 3em; }
.create-assignment-questions-navigation { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: flex-end; }
.create-assignment-questions-card { margin-bottom: 1.5rem; }
.create-assignment-questions-card-content { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; }
.create-assignment-questions-card-content-details-title { margin-bottom: 0.75rem; }
.create-assignment-questions-card-content-details-options { width: 15rem; }
.create-assignment-questions-card-content-details-toggle { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; padding-bottom: 0.25rem; }
.create-assignment-questions-list { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; margin: 0px auto; justify-content: space-between; }
.create-assignment-questions-list::after { content: “”; width: 32%; }
.create-assignment-questions-list-no-results { width: 100%; padding: 2rem; text-align: center; }
.create-assignment-questions-list .rs-card { margin-bottom: 1rem; width: 32%; max-width: 24rem; }
@media (max-width: 1024px) {
.create-assignment-questions-list .rs-card { width: 48%; }
}
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.create-assignment-questions-list { justify-content: space-around; }
.create-assignment-questions-list .rs-card { width: 80%; }
}
@media (max-width: 480px) {
.create-assignment-questions-list .rs-card { width: 100%; }
}
.create-assignment-questions-list .rs-card-content { max-height: 360px; overflow-y: auto; }
.create-assignment-questions-list-question-card { position: relative; }
.create-assignment-questions-list-question-card.unchecked, .create-assignment-questions-list-question-card.unchecked .answer-option, .create-assignment-questions-list-question-card.unchecked .answer-option-label-marker, .create-assignment-questions-list-question-card.unchecked .answer-option-label-text, .create-assignment-questions-list-question-card.unchecked .question-text, .create-assignment-questions-list-question-card.unchecked svg { fill: rgb(118, 118, 118); color: rgb(118, 118, 118); border-color: rgb(118, 118, 118); }
.create-assignment-review-card .reading-assignment-creation-summary, .create-assignment-review-card h2 { padding-bottom: 2rem; }
.create-assignment-review-modal .rs-modal-content { padding: 0px; }
.create-assignment-review-modal__warning, .create-assignment-review-modal__warning > p { padding-bottom: 0.3125rem; }
.create-assignment-review-modal__warning > p strong { font-weight: 700; }
.create-assignment-review-modal__error { padding-top: 0.3125rem; padding-bottom: 0.3125rem; color: rgb(169, 68, 66); }
.ta-modal-info__normal { font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5rem; font-weight: 400; }
.ta-modal-info__small { font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.2rem; font-weight: 400; }
.error { color: rgb(194, 1, 20); }
.classroom-bulk-question-upload-modal .rs-modal-content { max-width: 50rem; width: 50rem; }
ul li::before { content: “”; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); height: 1px; width: 1px; overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; }
.svg-icon { fill: rgb(59, 59, 59); stroke-width: 0; }
.svg-icon:hover { fill: rgb(33, 33, 33); }
.ember-burger-menu { position: relative; height: 100%; overflow: hidden; }
.ember-burger-menu > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu, .ember-burger-menu > .bm-outlet > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu { position: absolute; top: 0px; z-index: 100; visibility: hidden; height: 100%; transition: all 0.4s ease 0s; }
.ember-burger-menu[class*=”bm-item-“] > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu .bm-menu-item, .ember-burger-menu[class*=”bm-item-“] > .bm-outlet > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu .bm-menu-item { transition: all 0s ease 0.4s; }
.ember-burger-menu > .bm-outlet { position: relative; z-index: 99; height: 100%; perspective: 1000px; transition: transform 0.4s ease 0s, margin 0.4s ease 0s; }
.ember-burger-menu > .bm-outlet > .bm-content { position: relative; height: 100%; width: 100%; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow: auto; }
.ember-burger-menu.translucent-overlay > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu::after, .ember-burger-menu.translucent-overlay > .bm-outlet > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu::after { position: absolute; top: 0px; right: 0px; width: 100%; height: 100%; background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2); content: “”; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 0.4s ease 0s; }
.ember-burger-menu.translucent-overlay > .bm-outlet::after { position: absolute; top: 0px; right: 0px; width: 0px; height: 0px; background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2); content: “”; opacity: 0; z-index: 100; transition: opacity 0.4s ease 0s, width 0.1s ease 0.4s, height 0.1s ease 0.4s; }
.ember-burger-menu.translucent-overlay.is-open > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu::after, .ember-burger-menu.translucent-overlay.is-open > .bm-outlet > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu::after { width: 0px; height: 0px; opacity: 0; transition: opacity 0.4s ease 0s, width 0.1s ease 0.4s, height 0.1s ease 0.4s; }
.ember-burger-menu.translucent-overlay.is-open > .bm-outlet::after { width: 100%; height: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 0.4s ease 0s; }
.ember-burger-menu.is-open > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu, .ember-burger-menu.is-open > .bm-outlet > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu { visibility: visible; transition: transform 0.4s ease 0s; }
.ember-burger-menu.is-open > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu .bm-menu-item, .ember-burger-menu.is-open > .bm-outlet > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu .bm-menu-item { transition-delay: 0s; }
.ember-burger-menu.left > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu, .ember-burger-menu.left > .bm-outlet, .ember-burger-menu.left > .bm-outlet > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu { left: 0px; right: initial; }
.ember-burger-menu.right > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu, .ember-burger-menu.right > .bm-outlet, .ember-burger-menu.right > .bm-outlet > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu { right: 0px; left: initial; }
.ember-burger-menu.bm–rotate-out { perspective: 1500px; perspective-origin: 0px 50%; }
.ember-burger-menu.bm–rotate-out > .bm-outlet { transform-style: preserve-3d; }
.ember-burger-menu.bm–rotate-out > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu, .ember-burger-menu.bm–rotate-out > .bm-outlet > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu { transform: translate3d(-100%, 0px, 0px) rotateY(90deg); transform-origin: 100% 50%; transform-style: preserve-3d; }
.ember-burger-menu.bm–rotate-out.right > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu, .ember-burger-menu.bm–rotate-out.right > .bm-outlet > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu { transform: translate3d(100%, 0px, 0px) rotateY(-120deg); transform-origin: 0px 50%; }
.ember-burger-menu.bm–rotate-out.is-open > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu, .ember-burger-menu.bm–rotate-out.is-open > .bm-outlet > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu { transform: translate3d(-100%, 0px, 0px) rotateY(0deg); }
.ember-burger-menu.bm–rotate-out.is-open.right > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu, .ember-burger-menu.bm–rotate-out.is-open.right > .bm-outlet > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu { transform: translate3d(100%, 0px, 0px) rotateY(0deg); }
.ember-burger-menu.bm–fall-down { perspective: 1500px; perspective-origin: 0px 50%; }
.ember-burger-menu.bm–fall-down > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu, .ember-burger-menu.bm–fall-down > .bm-outlet > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu { z-index: 1; opacity: 1; transform: translate3d(0px, -100%, 0px); }
.ember-burger-menu.bm–fall-down.is-open > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu, .ember-burger-menu.bm–fall-down.is-open > .bm-outlet > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu { transition: transform 0.4s ease-in-out 0s; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); }
.ember-burger-menu.bm–open-door { perspective: 1500px; }
.ember-burger-menu.bm–open-door > .bm-outlet { transform-origin: 100% 50%; transform-style: preserve-3d; }
.ember-burger-menu.bm–open-door > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu, .ember-burger-menu.bm–open-door > .bm-outlet > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu { opacity: 1; transform: translate3d(-100%, 0px, 0px); }
.ember-burger-menu.bm–open-door.right > .bm-outlet { transform-origin: 0px 50%; }
.ember-burger-menu.bm–open-door.right > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu, .ember-burger-menu.bm–open-door.right > .bm-outlet > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu { transform: translate3d(100%, 0px, 0px); }
.ember-burger-menu.bm–open-door.is-open > .bm-outlet { transform: rotateY(-10deg); }
.ember-burger-menu.bm–open-door.is-open > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu, .ember-burger-menu.bm–open-door.is-open > .bm-outlet > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu { transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); }
.ember-burger-menu.bm–open-door.is-open.right > .bm-outlet { transform: rotateY(10deg); }
.ember-burger-menu.bm–push > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu, .ember-burger-menu.bm–push > .bm-outlet > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu { transform: translate3d(-100%, 0px, 0px); }
.ember-burger-menu.bm–push.right > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu, .ember-burger-menu.bm–push.right > .bm-outlet > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu { transform: translate3d(100%, 0px, 0px); }
.ember-burger-menu.bm–push-rotate { perspective: 1500px; }
.ember-burger-menu.bm–push-rotate > .bm-outlet { transform-origin: 0px 50%; transform-style: preserve-3d; }
.ember-burger-menu.bm–push-rotate > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu, .ember-burger-menu.bm–push-rotate > .bm-outlet > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu { transform: translate3d(-100%, 0px, 0px); }
.ember-burger-menu.bm–push-rotate.right > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu, .ember-burger-menu.bm–push-rotate.right > .bm-outlet > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu { transform: translate3d(100%, 0px, 0px); }
.ember-burger-menu.bm–push-rotate.is-open > .bm-outlet { pointer-events: none; }
.ember-burger-menu.bm–push-rotate.is-open > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu, .ember-burger-menu.bm–push-rotate.is-open > .bm-outlet > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu { transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); }
.ember-burger-menu.bm–reveal > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu, .ember-burger-menu.bm–reveal > .bm-outlet > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu { z-index: 1; }
.ember-burger-menu.bm–scale-down { perspective: 1500px; }
.ember-burger-menu.bm–scale-down > .bm-outlet { transform-style: preserve-3d; }
.ember-burger-menu.bm–scale-down > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu, .ember-burger-menu.bm–scale-down > .bm-outlet > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu { opacity: 1; transform: translate3d(-100%, 0px, 0px); }
.ember-burger-menu.bm–scale-down.right > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu, .ember-burger-menu.bm–scale-down.right > .bm-outlet > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu { transform: translate3d(100%, 0px, 0px); }
.ember-burger-menu.bm–scale-down.is-open > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu, .ember-burger-menu.bm–scale-down.is-open > .bm-outlet > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu { transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); }
.ember-burger-menu.bm–scale-rotate { perspective: 1500px; }
.ember-burger-menu.bm–scale-rotate > .bm-outlet { transform-style: preserve-3d; }
.ember-burger-menu.bm–scale-rotate > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu, .ember-burger-menu.bm–scale-rotate > .bm-outlet > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu { opacity: 1; transform: translate3d(-100%, 0px, 0px); }
.ember-burger-menu.bm–scale-rotate.right > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu, .ember-burger-menu.bm–scale-rotate.right > .bm-outlet > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu { transform: translate3d(100%, 0px, 0px); }
.ember-burger-menu.bm–scale-rotate.is-open > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu, .ember-burger-menu.bm–scale-rotate.is-open > .bm-outlet > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu { transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); }
.ember-burger-menu.bm–scale-up { perspective: 1500px; perspective-origin: 0px 50%; }
.ember-burger-menu.bm–scale-up > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu, .ember-burger-menu.bm–scale-up > .bm-outlet > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu { z-index: 1; opacity: 1; }
.ember-burger-menu.bm–scale-up.is-open > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu, .ember-burger-menu.bm–scale-up.is-open > .bm-outlet > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu { transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); }
.ember-burger-menu.bm–slide-reverse > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu, .ember-burger-menu.bm–slide-reverse > .bm-outlet > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu { z-index: 1; transform: translate3d(50%, 0px, 0px); }
.ember-burger-menu.bm–slide-reverse.right > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu, .ember-burger-menu.bm–slide-reverse.right > .bm-outlet > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu { transform: translate3d(-50%, 0px, 0px); }
.ember-burger-menu.bm–slide-reverse.is-open > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu, .ember-burger-menu.bm–slide-reverse.is-open > .bm-outlet > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu { transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); }
.ember-burger-menu.bm–slide > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu, .ember-burger-menu.bm–slide > .bm-outlet > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu { transform: translate3d(-100%, 0px, 0px); }
.ember-burger-menu.bm–slide.right > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu, .ember-burger-menu.bm–slide.right > .bm-outlet > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu { transform: translate3d(100%, 0px, 0px); }
.ember-burger-menu.bm–slide.is-open > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu, .ember-burger-menu.bm–slide.is-open > .bm-outlet > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu { transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); }
.ember-burger-menu.bm–squeeze > .bm-outlet { margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; width: auto; box-sizing: border-box; }
.ember-burger-menu.bm–squeeze > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu, .ember-burger-menu.bm–squeeze > .bm-outlet > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu { transform: translate3d(-100%, 0px, 0px); }
.ember-burger-menu.bm–squeeze.right > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu, .ember-burger-menu.bm–squeeze.right > .bm-outlet > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu { transform: translate3d(100%, 0px, 0px); }
.ember-burger-menu.bm-item–push.is-open > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu .bm-menu-item, .ember-burger-menu.bm-item–push.is-open > .bm-outlet > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu .bm-menu-item, .ember-burger-menu.bm-item–stack.is-open > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu .bm-menu-item, .ember-burger-menu.bm-item–stack.is-open > .bm-outlet > .bm-menu-container .bm-menu .bm-menu-item { transition: transform 0.54s cubic-bezier(0.7, 0, 0.3, 1) 0s; }
.ember-basic-dropdown { position: relative; }
.ember-basic-dropdown, .ember-basic-dropdown-content, .ember-basic-dropdown-content * { box-sizing: border-box; }
.ember-basic-dropdown-content { position: absolute; width: auto; z-index: 1000; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.ember-basic-dropdown-content–left { left: 0px; }
.ember-basic-dropdown-content–right { right: 0px; }
.ember-basic-dropdown-overlay { position: fixed; background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5); width: 100%; height: 100%; z-index: 10; top: 0px; left: 0px; pointer-events: none; }
.ember-basic-dropdown-content-wormhole-origin { display: inline; }
.ember-power-select-dropdown * { box-sizing: border-box; }
.ember-power-select-trigger { position: relative; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-radius: 4px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.75; overflow-x: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; min-height: 1.75em; user-select: none; color: inherit; }
.ember-power-select-trigger::after { content: “”; display: table; clear: both; }
.ember-power-select-trigger–active, .ember-power-select-trigger:focus { border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); box-shadow: none; }
.ember-basic-dropdown-trigger–below.ember-power-select-trigger[aria-expanded=”true”], .ember-basic-dropdown-trigger–in-place.ember-power-select-trigger[aria-expanded=”true”] { border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; }
.ember-basic-dropdown-trigger–above.ember-power-select-trigger[aria-expanded=”true”] { border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; }
.ember-power-select-placeholder { color: rgb(153, 153, 153); display: block; overflow-x: hidden; white-space: nowrap; text-overflow: ellipsis; }
.ember-power-select-status-icon { position: absolute; display: inline-block; width: 0px; height: 0px; top: 0px; bottom: 0px; margin: auto; border-style: solid; border-width: 7px 4px 0px; border-color: rgb(170, 170, 170) transparent transparent; right: 5px; }
.ember-basic-dropdown-trigger[aria-expanded=”true”] .ember-power-select-status-icon { transform: rotate(180deg); }
.ember-power-select-clear-btn { position: absolute; cursor: pointer; right: 25px; }
.ember-power-select-trigger-multiple-input { font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; border: none; display: inline-block; line-height: inherit; appearance: none; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; float: left; background-color: transparent; text-indent: 2px; }
.ember-power-select-trigger-multiple-input:disabled { background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); }
.ember-power-select-trigger-multiple-input::placeholder { opacity: 1; color: rgb(153, 153, 153); }
.ember-power-select-trigger-multiple-input::-webkit-input-placeholder { opacity: 1; color: rgb(153, 153, 153); }
.ember-power-select-multiple-options { padding: 0px; margin: 0px; }
.ember-power-select-multiple-option { border: 1px solid gray; border-radius: 4px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgb(228, 228, 228); padding: 0px 4px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.45; float: left; margin: 2px 0px 2px 3px; }
.ember-power-select-multiple-remove-btn { cursor: pointer; }
.ember-power-select-multiple-remove-btn:not(:hover) { opacity: 0.5; }
.ember-power-select-search { padding: 4px; }
.ember-power-select-search-input { border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-radius: 0px; width: 100%; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; padding: 0px 5px; }
.ember-power-select-search-input:focus { border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); box-shadow: none; }
.ember-power-select-dropdown { border-left: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.75; border-radius: 4px; box-shadow: none; overflow: hidden; color: inherit; }
.ember-power-select-dropdown.ember-basic-dropdown-content–above { border-top: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom: none; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; }
.ember-power-select-dropdown.ember-basic-dropdown-content–below, .ember-power-select-dropdown.ember-basic-dropdown-content–in-place { border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; }
.ember-power-select-dropdown.ember-basic-dropdown-content–in-place { width: 100%; }
.ember-power-select-options { list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: none; }
.ember-power-select-options[role=”listbox”] { overflow-y: auto; max-height: 12.25em; }
.ember-power-select-option { cursor: pointer; padding: 0px 8px; }
.ember-power-select-group[aria-disabled=”true”] { color: rgb(153, 153, 153); cursor: not-allowed; }
.ember-power-select-group[aria-disabled=”true”] .ember-power-select-option, .ember-power-select-option[aria-disabled=”true”] { color: rgb(153, 153, 153); pointer-events: none; cursor: not-allowed; }
.ember-power-select-option[aria-selected=”true”] { background-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); }
.ember-power-select-option[aria-current=”true”] { background-color: rgb(88, 151, 251); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.ember-power-select-group-name { cursor: default; font-weight: 700; }
.ember-power-select-trigger[aria-disabled=”true”] { background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); }
.ember-power-select-trigger { padding: 0px 16px 0px 0px; }
.ember-power-select-placeholder, .ember-power-select-selected-item { margin-left: 8px; }
.ember-power-select-group .ember-power-select-group .ember-power-select-group-name { padding-left: 24px; }
.ember-power-select-group .ember-power-select-group .ember-power-select-option { padding-left: 40px; }
.ember-power-select-group .ember-power-select-option { padding-left: 24px; }
.ember-power-select-group .ember-power-select-group-name { padding-left: 8px; }
.ember-power-select-trigger[dir=”rtl”] { padding: 0px 0px 0px 16px; }
.ember-power-select-trigger[dir=”rtl”] .ember-power-select-placeholder, .ember-power-select-trigger[dir=”rtl”] .ember-power-select-selected-item { margin-right: 8px; }
.ember-power-select-trigger[dir=”rtl”] .ember-power-select-multiple-option, .ember-power-select-trigger[dir=”rtl”] .ember-power-select-trigger-multiple-input { float: right; }
.ember-power-select-trigger[dir=”rtl”] .ember-power-select-status-icon { left: 5px; right: initial; }
.ember-power-select-trigger[dir=”rtl”] .ember-power-select-clear-btn { left: 25px; right: initial; }
.ember-power-select-dropdown[dir=”rtl”] .ember-power-select-group .ember-power-select-group .ember-power-select-group-name { padding-right: 24px; }
.ember-power-select-dropdown[dir=”rtl”] .ember-power-select-group .ember-power-select-group .ember-power-select-option { padding-right: 40px; }
.ember-power-select-dropdown[dir=”rtl”] .ember-power-select-group .ember-power-select-option { padding-right: 24px; }
.ember-power-select-dropdown[dir=”rtl”] .ember-power-select-group .ember-power-select-group-name { padding-right: 8px; }
.bm-menu .sidebar-menu-back:focus { box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 0px 0px 0.175rem 0.175rem; outline: 0px; }
.bm-menu .sidebar-menu-header { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; padding: 0.875rem; background: rgb(2, 55, 125); font-size: 1.375rem; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-shadow: rgb(92, 82, 80) 0px 0px 3px; z-index: 100; font-weight: 300; }
.bm-menu .sidebar-menu-header svg { display: flex; height: 1rem; width: 1rem; }
.bm-menu .sidebar-menu-header svg * { stroke: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.bm-menu .sidebar-menu-header-button { appearance: none; display: flex; }
.bm-menu .sidebar-menu-header-button-close { appearance: none; background: 0px 0px; border: none; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; display: flex; }
.bm-menu .sidebar-menu-header-button-close:focus { box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 0px 0px 0.175rem 0.175rem; outline: 0px; }
.bm-menu .sidebar-menu-header-button a.active { visibility: hidden; }
.bm-menu .sidebar-menu-header-button .svg-icon { fill: rgb(255, 255, 255); stroke-width: 0; }
.bm-menu .sidebar-menu-header-button .svg-icon:hover { fill: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.bm-menu .sidebar-menu-header-title:focus { box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 0px 0px 0.175rem 0.175rem; outline: 0px; }
.bm-menu .sidebar-lost-connection { background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); height: auto; font-size: 1.1em; margin: 1em 1em 0px; padding: 0.75em; border: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); border-radius: 3px; }
.bm-menu .sidebar-live-wrap { width: 100%; height: 100%; display: flex; flex-direction: column; }
.rs-bm-menu { height: 100%; display: flex; flex-direction: column; overflow: auto; }
#ember-testing, body, html { height: 100%; width: 100%; font-family: “Source Sans Pro”, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background: rgb(211, 211, 211); line-height: initial; }
#ember-testing > .ember-view, body > .ember-view, html > .ember-view { height: 100%; width: 100%; display: flex; flex-direction: column; }
#ember-testing > .ember-view .ember-burger-menu > .bm-outlet, body > .ember-view .ember-burger-menu > .bm-outlet, html > .ember-view .ember-burger-menu > .bm-outlet { perspective: initial; }
#ember-testing > .ember-view .ember-burger-menu > .bm-outlet .bm-content, body > .ember-view .ember-burger-menu > .bm-outlet .bm-content, html > .ember-view .ember-burger-menu > .bm-outlet .bm-content { display: flex; }
#ember-testing > .ember-view .ember-burger-menu > .bm-outlet .bm-menu, body > .ember-view .ember-burger-menu > .bm-outlet .bm-menu, html > .ember-view .ember-burger-menu > .bm-outlet .bm-menu { display: flex; flex-direction: column; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-shadow: rgb(156, 156, 156) 0px 0px 3px; z-index: 400; }
#ember-testing > .ember-view .ember-burger-menu > .bm-outlet .bm-menu .left-sidebar-content, body > .ember-view .ember-burger-menu > .bm-outlet .bm-menu .left-sidebar-content, html > .ember-view .ember-burger-menu > .bm-outlet .bm-menu .left-sidebar-content { flex: 1 1 0%; overflow-y: auto; }
#ember-testing > .ember-view .ember-burger-menu > .bm-outlet .bm-menu .left-sidebar-content:focus, body > .ember-view .ember-burger-menu > .bm-outlet .bm-menu .left-sidebar-content:focus, html > .ember-view .ember-burger-menu > .bm-outlet .bm-menu .left-sidebar-content:focus { outline: 0px; }
#ember-testing > .ember-view .ember-burger-menu > .bm-outlet .bm-menu .left-sidebar-content .description-submenu, body > .ember-view .ember-burger-menu > .bm-outlet .bm-menu .left-sidebar-content .description-submenu, html > .ember-view .ember-burger-menu > .bm-outlet .bm-menu .left-sidebar-content .description-submenu { padding: 0.75em 1.2em; background: rgb(250, 250, 250); border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(196, 196, 196); border-top: 1px solid rgb(196, 196, 196); display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; margin-bottom: 0.5rem; }
.sidebar-view > :first-child { height: 100%; }
button, td, th { font-family: “Source Sans Pro”, Arial, sans-serif; }
.study-outlet-content { background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); height: 100%; width: 100%; z-index: 300; position: absolute; }
.study-outlet-content ~ * { visibility: hidden; }
@media print {
body:not(.is-printing)::after { content: “Printing via the main menu is disabled.” !important; position: fixed !important; z-index: 501 !important; background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; top: 0px !important; left: 0px !important; width: 100% !important; height: 100% !important; font-size: 2em !important; text-align: center !important; padding-top: 2em !important; }
}
body .buorg { font-size: 12px; font-family: “Source Sans Pro”, Arial, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(196, 196, 196); }
#buorgul { color: rgb(234, 234, 234); background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148) !important; }
#buorgig { color: rgb(0, 106, 148); background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234) !important; }
.activity-monitor { display: flex; flex-direction: column; }
.activity-monitor-header { background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); font-size: 2.5em; font-weight: 200; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); padding: 0.75em 0.5em; }
.activity-monitor-text { overflow-y: auto; text-align: center; padding: 0.5em; }
.activity-monitor-label { font-weight: 600; }
.activity-monitor-options-button { box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.2rem; border: none; padding: 0.5em; background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 3px; text-decoration: none; text-align: center; margin-top: 2em; width: 100%; }
.activity-monitor-options-button:focus, .activity-monitor-options-button:hover { background: rgb(0, 143, 199); cursor: pointer; }
.activity-monitor-options-button::after, .activity-monitor-options-button::before { box-sizing: border-box; }
.activity-monitor-options-button[disabled] { background: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(196, 196, 196); color: rgb(78, 70, 68); cursor: not-allowed; }
.citation { display: flex; flex-direction: column; width: 20em; border: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); }
.citation-heading { background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); padding: 0.75em; text-align: center; }
.citation-text, .flashcard-list-no-content-text { background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); height: auto; border: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); }
.citation-body { padding: 0.5em; }
.citation-body .rs-radio-control { width: 100%; }
.citation-label { display: flex; font-size: 0.9em; padding: 0.25em; }
.citation-text { user-select: text; max-height: 6em; font-size: 1em; padding: 0.25em; border-radius: 3px; overflow: auto; word-break: break-word; }
.citation-text > span { display: inline; }
.citation-disclaimer { display: flex; font-size: 0.9em; padding: 0.25em; }
.citation-buttons-cancel, .citation-buttons-copy { padding: 0.5em; font-size: 1rem; text-align: center; line-height: 1.2rem; text-decoration: none; box-sizing: border-box; }
.citation-buttons { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; margin-top: 1em; }
.citation-buttons-copy { border: none; background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 3px; }
.citation-buttons-copy:focus, .citation-buttons-copy:hover { background: rgb(0, 143, 199); cursor: pointer; }
.citation-buttons-copy::after, .citation-buttons-copy::before { box-sizing: border-box; }
.citation-buttons-copy[disabled] { background: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(196, 196, 196); color: rgb(78, 70, 68); cursor: not-allowed; }
.citation-buttons-cancel { transition: color 0.1s ease 0s, background 0.1s ease 0s, border-color 0.1s ease 0s; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 106, 148); background-color: transparent; color: rgb(0, 106, 148); display: block; border-radius: 3px; }
.flashcard .flipper .back, .flashcard .flipper .front { backface-visibility: hidden; transition: transform 0.4s ease-in-out 0s; top: 0px; left: 0px; }
.citation-buttons-cancel:focus, .citation-buttons-cancel:hover { background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); cursor: pointer; }
.preview-content-unavailable { display: flex; flex-direction: column; }
.preview-content-unavailable-header { background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); font-size: 2.5em; font-weight: 200; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); padding: 0.75em 0.5em; }
.preview-content-unavailable-text { overflow-y: auto; text-align: center; padding: 0.5em; }
.preview-content-unavailable-label { font-weight: 600; }
.preview-content-unavailable-options-button { box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.2rem; border: none; padding: 0.5em; background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 3px; text-decoration: none; text-align: center; margin-top: 2em; width: 100%; }
.preview-content-unavailable-options-button:focus, .preview-content-unavailable-options-button:hover { background: rgb(0, 143, 199); cursor: pointer; }
.preview-content-unavailable-options-button::after, .preview-content-unavailable-options-button::before { box-sizing: border-box; }
.preview-content-unavailable-options-button[disabled] { background: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(196, 196, 196); color: rgb(78, 70, 68); cursor: not-allowed; }
.flashcard-list-no-content-heading { color: rgb(64, 58, 56); padding: 1.5em 1em; font-size: 1.2em; font-weight: 600; }
.flashcard-list-no-content-text { font-size: 1.1em; margin: 0px 1em; padding: 0.75em; border-radius: 3px; }
.flashcard { position: relative; width: 100%; height: 12em; margin: 1em auto; list-style: none; padding: 0px 1em; }
@media (min-width: 1601px) {
.flashcard { height: 16em; }
}
@media (min-width: 769px) and (max-width: 1023px) {
.flashcard { height: 8em; }
}
.flashcard.is-editing-flashcard { height: auto; }
.flashcard:focus { outline: 0px; }
.flashcard:focus .back, .flashcard:focus .front { outline: rgb(94, 158, 214) solid 3px; }
.flashcard .flipper { width: 100%; height: 100%; position: relative; perspective: 1000px; }
.flashcard .flipper .back, .flashcard .flipper .front { display: flex; flex-direction: row-reverse; width: 100%; height: 100%; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 1px solid rgb(234, 234, 234); box-shadow: rgb(234, 234, 234) 0px 0px 1em; }
.flashcard .flipper .back { cursor: pointer; float: none; position: absolute; z-index: 800; transform-style: preserve-3d; transform: rotateX(-180deg); }
.flashcard .flipper .back .flashcard-menu { visibility: hidden; }
.flashcard .flipper .front { user-select: none; float: none; position: absolute; z-index: 900; transform-style: preserve-3d; cursor: pointer; transform: rotateX(0deg); }
.flashcard .flipper.is-flipped .front { z-index: 900; transform: rotateX(180deg); }
.flashcard .flipper.is-flipped .front .flashcard-menu, .flashcard .flipper.is-flipped .front .flashcard-menu-more { visibility: hidden; }
.flashcard .flipper.is-flipped .back { z-index: 1000; transform: rotateX(0deg); }
.flashcard .flipper.is-flipped .back .flashcard-menu { visibility: visible; }
.flashcard-menu { display: flex; flex-direction: column; justify-content: space-between; border-right: 1px solid rgb(180, 172, 170); padding: 10px 6px; width: 40px; }
.flashcard-menu .svg-icon > * { stroke: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.flashcard-menu-more { display: flex; flex-direction: row; justify-content: space-between; position: absolute; bottom: 0px; left: 40px; height: 40px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); z-index: 1; }
.flashcard-menu-more .flashcard-button { margin: 0px 10px; }
.flashcard-button { display: flex; justify-content: center; font-size: 24px; margin-bottom: 5px; color: rgb(78, 70, 68); padding: 0px; border: none; background: 0px 0px; }
.flashcard-button.flip { font-size: 1em; width: 10px; height: 0px; overflow: hidden; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); margin: 0px; }
.flashcard-button.flip:focus, .flashcard-button.flip:hover { width: auto; height: auto; margin: 0px auto; }
.flashcard-button.in-book { display: none; }
.flashcard-button:last-child { margin-bottom: 0px; }
.flashcard-button .svg-icon { height: 1.75rem; }
.flashcard-body { overflow: auto; padding: 10px; width: 100%; height: 100%; color: rgb(78, 70, 68); font-weight: 400; }
.flashcard-body.short-description, .flashcard-body.short-term { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; }
.confidence { display: flex; flex-direction: column; }
.confidence-button { display: flex; width: 24px; height: 24px; border-radius: 50%; margin: 0px auto 5px; padding: 0px; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); }
.confidence-button > svg { height: 0.75em; stroke-width: 4; }
.confidence-button.low { border: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); background-color: rgb(194, 1, 20); }
.confidence-button.medium { border: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); background-color: rgb(226, 132, 19); }
.confidence-button.high { border: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); background-color: rgb(93, 129, 77); }
.flashcard-dashboard { display: flex; flex-direction: column; }
.flashcard-dashboard-options { padding: 0.5rem; border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); }
.flashcard-dashboard-options-inner { display: flex; }
.flashcard-dashboard-options-inner > * { flex: 1 1 0%; }
.flashcard-dashboard-options input[type=”radio”] { clip: rect(0px, 0px, 0px, 0px); opacity: 0; position: absolute; }
.flashcard-dashboard-options input[type=”radio”]:checked + label { background: rgb(37, 33, 32); border-color: rgb(37, 33, 32); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.flashcard-dashboard-options input[type=”radio”]:focus + label { z-index: 1; outline: rgb(94, 158, 214) solid 3px; }
.flashcard-dashboard-options input[type=”radio”]:active:not(:checked) + label { background: rgb(250, 250, 250); text-decoration: underline; }
.flashcard-dashboard-options-label { text-align: center; color: rgb(37, 33, 32); border-color: rgb(37, 33, 32); border-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; cursor: pointer; padding: 0.25em 0px; }
.annotation-search, .header-deck-only, .study-dashboard-options { border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(196, 196, 196); }
.flashcard-dashboard-options-label:first-of-type { border-left-width: 1px; border-radius: 3px 0px 0px 3px; }
.flashcard-dashboard-options-label:last-of-type { border-radius: 0px 3px 3px 0px; }
.flashcard-dashboard-options-label:focus { outline: rgba(3, 102, 180, 0.7) solid 3px; }
.header-deck-only { padding: 0.75em 1.2em; background: rgb(247, 247, 247); border-top: 1px solid rgb(196, 196, 196); display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; }
.dashboard-selections { width: 90%; margin: 1em auto; }
.dashboard-selections .selection-group-label { padding-left: 0.5em; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); margin-bottom: 0.25em; display: block; }
.dashboard-group-selections { height: auto; max-height: calc(100% – 17em); margin: 0px auto; overflow-y: auto; position: relative; border: 1px solid rgb(234, 236, 239); }
.dashboard-group-selections .flashcard-dashboard-multiselect { height: 100%; }
.dashboard-group-selections .flashcard-dashboard-multiselect .dashboard-btn-group.rs-select-all-group { position: absolute; width: 100%; z-index: 1; top: 0px; }
.dashboard-group-selections .flashcard-dashboard-multiselect .dashboard-btn-group.rs-multiselect-options { height: 100%; overflow-y: auto; margin-top: 3em; border: none; }
.dashboard-btn-group { width: 100%; font-size: 80%; margin: 0px auto; border: 1px solid rgb(234, 236, 239); }
.dashboard-btn-group.inline-btn-group { display: table; border-top: none; border-bottom: none; }
.dashboard-btn-group.inline-btn-group .dashboard-btn { width: 80%; text-align: center; display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle; line-height: 1; background: 0px 0px; }
.dashboard-btn-group.inline-btn-group .dashboard-btn.show-more { width: 15%; margin-left: 5%; font-size: 1.5em; line-height: 1; padding: 0.15em; }
.dashboard-btn-group.inline-btn-group#back-btn { border-top: none; border-right: none; border-left: none; border-image: initial; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(234, 239, 236); background: rgb(68, 68, 68); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 20px; }
.dashboard-btn-group.inline-btn-group#back-btn .dashboard-btn { padding: 4px 0px; display: table; text-align: center; width: 100%; }
.dashboard-btn-group.inline-btn-group#back-btn .dashboard-btn .study-back-btn { width: 50%; display: table-cell; }
.dashboard-btn-group.inline-btn-group#back-btn .dashboard-btn:hover { background: rgb(153, 153, 153); }
.dashboard-btn-group#start-btn .dashboard-btn { text-align: center; font-size: 1.2em; border-bottom: none; padding: 1em 0px; }
.dashboard-btn-group#start-btn .dashboard-btn:hover { background: rgb(250, 252, 254); }
.dashboard-btn-group#start-btn .dashboard-btn:hover .item-text { text-decoration: underline; }
.dashboard-btn-group#start-btn .dashboard-btn #selected-item-count { display: table; width: 100%; }
.dashboard-btn-group#start-btn .dashboard-btn #selected-item-count > span { width: 80%; display: inline; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; }
.dashboard-btn-group#start-btn .dashboard-btn #selected-item-count > span.go-icon { width: 20%; }
.dashboard-btn-group .dashboard-btn { position: relative; width: 100%; padding: 0.5em 0px; text-align: left; background: rgb(253, 254, 255); border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(246, 248, 250); font-size: 1.2em; transition: background 0.3s ease 0s; }
.dashboard-btn-group .dashboard-btn:first-of-type { border-top: none; }
.dashboard-btn-group .dashboard-btn:last-of-type { border-bottom: none; }
.dashboard-btn-group .dashboard-btninput { background: rgb(255, 255, 255); padding: 8px; }
.dashboard-btn-group .dashboard-btninput:hover { background: inherit; }
.dashboard-btn-group .dashboard-btn .btn-label { text-align: left; max-width: 85%; padding-left: 1em; transition: width 0.2s ease 0s; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; }
.dashboard-btn-group .dashboard-btn .selected-icon { position: absolute; top: 0px; right: 0.25em; font-size: 2em; line-height: 1em; }
.dashboard-btn-group .dashboard-btn .label-text { display: block; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: middle; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; }
.dashboard-btn-group .dashboard-btn.is-selected { background: rgba(181, 212, 242, 0.9); }
.dashboard-btn-group .dashboard-btn.is-selected .btn-label { max-width: 78%; }
.dashboard-btn-group .dashboard-btn:hover { background: rgb(143, 192, 239); }
.dashboard-btn-group .dashboard-btn:hover.disabled { background: inherit; }
.dashboard-btn-group .dashboard-btn.center-content { text-align: center; }
.dashboard-option-group { width: 90%; margin: 1em auto; }
.dashboard-option-group-header { font-weight: 700; margin-bottom: 0.25em; }
.dashboard-option-group-header:focus { box-shadow: rgba(3, 102, 180, 0.9) 0px 0px 0.175rem 0.175rem; outline: 0px; }
.dashboard-option-group-options { border: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.25); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.dashboard-option-group-button { font-size: 1em; display: block; width: 100%; border-top: none; border-right: none; border-left: none; border-image: initial; border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.25); padding: 0.25em; line-height: 2em; background-color: transparent; }
.dashboard-option-group-button.is-selected { background-color: rgba(0, 106, 148, 0.2); }
.dashboard-option-group-button:last-child { border-bottom: none; }
.dashboard-option-group > label { display: block; }
.dashboard-nothing-selected { border: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.25); text-align: center; padding: 0.5em; }
.more-options-group { padding-top: 1em; padding-bottom: 1em; border-top: 1px solid rgb(224, 228, 232); border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(224, 228, 232); }
.more-options-group input, .more-options-group label { cursor: pointer; }
.more-options-group .dashboard-btn-group .dashboard-btn { font-size: 1em; }
.flashcard-start-button, .study-guide-start-button { box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.2rem; border: none; padding: 0.5em; background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 3px; text-decoration: none; text-align: center; width: 100%; display: block; margin: 0px auto; }
.flashcard-start-button:focus, .flashcard-start-button:hover, .study-guide-start-button:focus, .study-guide-start-button:hover { background: rgb(0, 143, 199); cursor: pointer; }
.flashcard-start-button::after, .flashcard-start-button::before, .study-guide-start-button::after, .study-guide-start-button::before { box-sizing: border-box; }
.flashcard-start-button[disabled], .study-guide-start-button[disabled] { background: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(196, 196, 196); color: rgb(78, 70, 68); cursor: not-allowed; }
.flashcard-editor { display: flex; flex-direction: column; width: 320px; border: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
@media (max-width: 480px) {
.flashcard-editor { height: 100%; width: auto; }
}
.flashcard-editor.is-editing { width: auto; }
.flashcard-editor-header { background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); padding: 0.5em; text-align: center; }
.flashcard-editor-form { padding: 0.5em; }
@media (max-width: 479px) {
.flashcard-editor-form { display: flex; flex: 1 1 0%; flex-direction: column; justify-content: space-between; }
}
.flashcard-editor-form-label { display: block; margin-bottom: 0.2em; }
.flashcard-editor-form-section { margin-bottom: 0.5em; }
.flashcard-editor-form-section.ember-power-select-trigger { padding: 0px; margin: 0px; }
.flashcard-editor-form-term { height: 4em; padding: 0.5em; background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); border: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); border-radius: 3px; overflow: auto; user-select: none; }
@media (max-width: 480px) {
.flashcard-editor-form-term { height: 6em; }
}
.flashcard-editor-form-description { height: 4em; padding: 0.5em; border: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); border-radius: 3px; overflow: auto; }
.flashcard-editor-form-textarea { font-size: 1em; width: 100%; height: 4em; border-radius: 3px; border: 1px solid rgb(78, 70, 68); padding: 0.3em; }
@media (max-width: 480px) {
.flashcard-editor-form-textarea { height: 6em; }
}
.flashcard-editor-controls { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; margin-top: 1em; }
.flashcard-editor-cancel-button, .flashcard-editor-save-button { width: 48%; }
.flashcard-editor-saving { padding: 1em; text-align: center; }
.flashcard-editor-cancel-button, .flashcard-editor-save-button { box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.2rem; padding: 0.5em; text-decoration: none; text-align: center; }
.flashcard-editor-placeholder { color: rgb(92, 82, 80); }
.flashcard-editor-save-button { border: none; background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 3px; }
.flashcard-editor-save-button:focus, .flashcard-editor-save-button:hover { background: rgb(0, 143, 199); cursor: pointer; }
.flashcard-editor-save-button::after, .flashcard-editor-save-button::before { box-sizing: border-box; }
.flashcard-editor-save-button[disabled] { background: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(196, 196, 196); color: rgb(78, 70, 68); cursor: not-allowed; }
.flashcard-editor-cancel-button { transition: color 0.1s ease 0s, background 0.1s ease 0s, border-color 0.1s ease 0s; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 106, 148); background-color: transparent; color: rgb(0, 106, 148); display: block; border-radius: 3px; }
.flashcard-editor-cancel-button:focus, .flashcard-editor-cancel-button:hover { background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); cursor: pointer; }
.flashcard-player { display: flex; flex-direction: row; justify-content: center; align-items: center; }
.flashcard-player-button { border: none; background-color: transparent; z-index: 100; }
.flashcard-player-button > svg { height: 3em; width: 3em; }
.flashcard-player-button > svg circle { fill: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.flashcard-player-content { width: 80%; }
.flashcard-player-progress { margin: 0px auto; font-size: 1.5em; text-align: center; }
.flashcard-player .flashcard { font-size: 2em; width: 100%; max-width: 26em; padding: 0px 3em; }
.flashcard-player .flashcard .front .flashcard-menu { display: none; padding: 0px; }
.flashcard-player .flashcard .back, .flashcard-player .flashcard .front { box-shadow: rgb(196, 196, 196) 0px 0px 0.25em; border: 1px solid rgb(196, 196, 196); }
.flashcard-player .flashcard .back { display: flex; flex-direction: column; }
.flashcard-player .flashcard .back .flashcard-menu { width: 100%; flex-direction: row; border-right: none; border-top: 1px solid rgb(180, 172, 170); }
.flashcard-player .flashcard .back .flashcard-menu .confidence { flex-direction: row; }
.flashcard-player .flashcard .confidence-button { margin: 0px 5px 0px 0px; display: flex; }
.annotation-list-ncx-entry { background: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.annotation-list-ncx-entry-label { padding: 0.5em 1em; font-size: 0.9em; background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); color: rgb(64, 58, 56); border-width: 1px 0px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border-image: initial; }
.annotation-list-ncx-entry-label.no-parent { padding: 0.75em 1em; font-weight: 600; }
.annotation-list-ncx-entry-items { padding: 0.5em 1em; }
.annotation-item { margin: 0.5em 0px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-shadow: rgb(247, 247, 247) 0px 0px 3px; }
.annotation-list-no-content-heading { color: rgb(64, 58, 56); padding: 1.5em 1em; font-size: 1.2em; font-weight: 600; }
.annotation-list-no-content-text { background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); height: auto; font-size: 1.1em; margin: 0px 1em; padding: 0.75em; border: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); border-radius: 3px; }
.annotation-list-no-results { display: block; background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); height: auto; font-size: 1.1em; line-height: 1.1em; margin: 1em; padding: 0.75em; border: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); border-radius: 3px; }
.annotation-list.study-outlet-content { padding: 1em; overflow-y: auto; position: absolute; background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); }
.annotation-list.study-outlet-content .annotation-list-no-content-heading { color: rgb(64, 58, 56); padding: 1.5em 1em; font-size: 1.2em; font-weight: 600; }
.annotation-list.study-outlet-content .annotation-list-no-content-text { display: none; }
.annotation-list.study-outlet-content .ncx-entry-with-list { margin-bottom: 1em; box-shadow: rgb(234, 234, 234) 0px 0px 1em; }
.annotation-list.study-outlet-content .ncx-entry-with-list-label { background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250); border-width: 1px; padding: 0.5em; font-size: 1.75em; font-weight: 600; }
.annotation-list.study-outlet-content .ncx-entry-with-list-items { border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border-image: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.annotation-label { font-size: 0.7em; font-weight: 800; }
.annotation-item { border-width: 1px 1px 1px 5px; border-style: solid; border-top-color: rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); border-right-color: rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); border-bottom-color: rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); border-image: initial; border-left-color: initial; }
.annotation-item.light-orange, .annotation-item.red { border-left-color: rgb(224, 25, 63); }
.annotation-item.green, .annotation-item.light-green { border-left-color: rgb(76, 191, 8); }
.annotation-item.light-yellow, .annotation-item.yellow { border-left-color: rgb(255, 186, 8); }
.annotation-item.blue, .annotation-item.light-blue { border-left-color: rgb(0, 117, 188); }
.annotation-snippet { padding: 0.5em; font-weight: 400; }
.annotation-snippet > p { user-select: none; height: auto; max-height: 6em; overflow-y: auto; margin: 0.25em 0px; }
.annotation-snippet > p:focus { box-shadow: rgba(3, 102, 180, 0.9) 0px 0px 0.175rem 0.175rem; outline: 0px; }
.annotation-comment { border-top: 1px dashed rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); padding: 0.5em; font-weight: 500; }
.annotation-nav { display: flex; padding: 0.45em 0.5em; justify-content: flex-end; border-top: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); }
.annotation-nav-page-label { padding: 0px 0.5em; font-weight: 600; font-size: 0.8em; }
.annotation-nav button { display: flex; align-items: center; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(78, 70, 68); border: none; background-color: transparent; }
.annotation-nav button:hover { text-decoration: underline; }
.annotation-nav .svg-icon { width: 1.5em; height: 1.5em; }
.annotation-nav .svg-icon g { stroke: rgb(118, 118, 118); }
.annotation-container-no-content-heading { color: rgb(64, 58, 56); padding: 1.5em 1em; font-size: 1.2em; font-weight: 600; }
.annotation-container-no-content-text { background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); height: auto; font-size: 1.1em; margin: 0px 1em; padding: 0.75em; border: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); border-radius: 3px; }
.annotation-details { padding: 0.5em; border-left: 4px solid; transition: border-left-color 0.3s ease 0s; display: flex; flex-direction: column; justify-content: space-between; }
.annotation-details-button-close { width: 100%; font-size: 0.875rem; }
.annotation-details button:disabled { cursor: not-allowed; }
.annotation-details.light-yellow, .annotation-details.yellow { border-left-color: rgb(255, 186, 8); }
.annotation-details.light-orange, .annotation-details.red { border-left-color: rgb(224, 25, 63); }
.annotation-details.blue, .annotation-details.light-blue { border-left-color: rgb(0, 117, 188); }
.annotation-details.green, .annotation-details.light-green { border-left-color: rgb(76, 191, 8); }
.annotation-details-actions { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; margin: 0.75em 0px 0.5em; }
.annotation-details-actions button { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; flex-direction: column; margin: 0px 0.25rem; background: 0px 0px; border: none; color: rgb(78, 70, 68); }
.annotation-details-actions button .svg-icon { align-self: center; height: 3em; }
.annotation-details-actions button span { margin-top: 0.25em; display: inline-block; }
.annotation-details-actions button:hover { text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(37, 33, 32); }
.annotation-details-actions button.preview { color: rgb(128, 128, 133); }
.annotation-details-actions button.preview svg { fill: rgb(128, 128, 133); }
.annotation-details-actions div.screen-reader-only { display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: center; }
.annotation-details-color-options { display: flex; justify-content: space-around; padding: 0.5em 1.5em 0px; }
.annotation-details-color-options button { width: 2.5em; height: 2.5em; border-radius: 50%; border-width: 2px; border-style: solid; appearance: none; transition: border-color 0.3s ease 0s; display: flex; flex-direction: column; justify-content: center; align-items: center; }
.annotation-details-color-options button > svg { stroke-width: 3.5; width: 1em; }
.annotation-details-color-options button > svg > * { stroke: rgb(78, 70, 68); }
.annotation-details-color-options button:not(:first-of-type) { margin-left: 2em; }
.annotation-details-color-options-yellow { background: rgba(255, 186, 8, 0.2); border-color: rgb(255, 186, 8); }
.annotation-details-color-options-red { background: rgba(224, 25, 63, 0.2); border-color: rgb(224, 25, 63); }
.annotation-details-color-options-green { background: rgba(76, 191, 8, 0.2); border-color: rgb(76, 191, 8); }
.annotation-details-color-options-blue { background: rgba(0, 117, 188, 0.2); border-color: rgb(0, 117, 188); }
.annotation-details-converted-pdf, .annotation-details-shared { background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); height: auto; max-width: 18rem; margin: 0px auto 0.5em; font-size: 0.9em; padding: 0.25em 0.5em; }
.annotation-details-shared { border: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); border-radius: 3px; width: 16rem; }
.annotation-details-converted-pdf { border: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); border-radius: 3px; width: 18rem; }
.annotation-details-converted-pdf-message { font-size: 0.9em; margin: 0.25em 0px; }
.annotation-details-converted-pdf-comment { padding-top: 0.25em; border-top: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); max-height: 6em; overflow: auto; }
.annotation-details-definition { border-top: 1px solid rgb(118, 118, 118); padding-top: 0.5rem; margin-bottom: 0.5rem; font-size: 0.875rem; width: 16rem; }
.annotation-details-definition .definition-details { margin-bottom: 0.5rem; }
.annotation-details-definition-flashcard .rs-box-link, .annotation-details-definition-flashcard .rs-button { width: 100%; font-size: inherit; }
.annotation-details-definition-loading { text-align: center; padding: 1rem 2rem; }
.annotation-search { padding: 0.5em; width: 100%; border-top: 1px solid rgb(196, 196, 196); justify-content: space-between; }
.annotation-search-input-label { font-size: 0.8em; margin-bottom: 0.25em; padding-left: 0.1em; font-weight: 600; display: block; color: rgb(78, 70, 68); }
.annotation-search button, .page-input .page-input-button { color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration: none; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.2rem; }
.annotation-search-input-field { width: 100%; font-size: 1.25em; padding: 0.1em 0.25em; border: 1px solid rgb(196, 196, 196); border-radius: 3px; appearance: none; }
.annotation-search-wrap { display: flex; flex-direction: row; }
.annotation-search button { margin-left: 0.25em; font-size: 1rem; border: none; padding: 0.5em; background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; }
.annotation-search button:focus, .annotation-search button:hover { background: rgb(0, 143, 199); cursor: pointer; }
.annotation-search button::after, .annotation-search button::before { box-sizing: border-box; }
.annotation-search button[disabled] { background: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(196, 196, 196); color: rgb(78, 70, 68); cursor: not-allowed; }
.definition-details-header { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 0.25rem; }
.definition-details-header-snippet { margin-right: 0.5rem; font-weight: 600; }
.manifest-content { flex: 1 1 0%; position: relative; background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); overflow: hidden auto; text-align: center; }
#selectedAssignmentsTable, .manifest-content.is-selecting-cpl-with-touch-events { overflow-y: hidden; }
.manifest-content.ios-twelve-compatibility { }
.manifest-content.is-selecting-cpl-with-touch-events .manifest-iframe { overflow: hidden; }
.manifest-content-iframe-wrap { width: 100%; overflow-x: auto; }
.manifest-content > * { text-align: initial; }
.manifest-content.is-loading-dom { overflow: hidden; }
.manifest-content.is-loading-dom .loading-content { position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; width: 100%; height: 100%; }
.manifest-content.is-loading-dom .loading-content ~ * { visibility: hidden; }
.manifest-iframe { position: relative; z-index: 0; }
.manifest-iframe.has-fixed-viewport { width: 1px; min-width: 100%; margin-top: 3.5em; }
.manifest-iframe.no-fixed-viewport { min-height: calc(100% – 8em); position: absolute; top: 4em; left: 0px; right: 0px; padding: 0px 2em; margin: 0px auto; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-shadow: rgb(222, 222, 222) 0px 0px 3px; width: calc(100% – 10rem); max-width: 1440px; }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.manifest-iframe.no-fixed-viewport { padding: 0px 0.5em; width: 1px; min-width: 96%; }
}
.manifest-iframe.no-fixed-viewport.readium-enabled { padding: 0px; }
.manifest-iframe.is-loading-dom { visibility: hidden; }
.manifest-iframe.lost-connection { pointer-events: none; }
.rail-container-positioner { max-width: 1440px; display: inline-block; overflow: visible; z-index: 1; position: relative; height: 0px; pointer-events: none; }
.rail-container-positioner.no-fixed-viewport { width: calc(100% – 10rem); }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.rail-container-positioner.no-fixed-viewport { padding: 0px 0.5em; width: 1px; min-width: 96%; }
}
.rail-container-positioner .rail-container { position: relative; width: 100%; overflow: visible; pointer-events: none; }
.app-controls { position: absolute; height: auto; max-height: 3.25rem; width: 100%; top: 0px; left: 0px; z-index: 100; display: flex; justify-content: space-between; pointer-events: none; }
.app-controls > * { pointer-events: initial; }
.primary-app-controls, .secondary-app-controls { background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); display: flex; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: rgb(59, 59, 59) 0px 0px 3px; }
.primary-app-controls button, .secondary-app-controls button { font-size: 0.69rem; transition: opacity 0.3s ease 0s; cursor: pointer; background: 0px 0px; border: none; border-radius: 0px; }
.primary-app-controls button .svg-icon > *, .secondary-app-controls button .svg-icon > * { stroke: rgb(59, 59, 59); }
.primary-app-controls button:hover:not([disabled]) .svg-icon > *, .secondary-app-controls button:hover:not([disabled]) .svg-icon > * { stroke: rgb(37, 33, 32); }
.primary-app-controls button[disabled], .secondary-app-controls button[disabled] { opacity: 0.75; cursor: not-allowed; }
.primary-app-controls button .svg-icon, .secondary-app-controls button .svg-icon { display: flex; stroke-width: 0; height: 2.5em; width: 2.5em; }
.primary-app-controls { margin: 0.65rem 0px 0px 1.625rem; }
@media screen and (max-width: 400px) {
.primary-app-controls .hide-on-small-screens { display: none; }
.page-input { border-left: none; }
}
.primary-app-controls > * { padding: 0.5em 0.75em; }
.primary-app-controls > :not(:last-child) { border-right: 1px solid rgb(178, 178, 178); }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.primary-app-controls button .svg-icon, .secondary-app-controls button .svg-icon { height: 2.2em; width: 2.2em; }
.primary-app-controls { margin: 0.5em 0px 0px 0.5em; }
.primary-app-controls > * { padding: 0.5em; }
}
.secondary-app-controls { margin: 0.65rem 1.625rem 0px 0px; }
.secondary-app-controls > button { padding: 0.5em; }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.secondary-app-controls { margin: 0.5em 0.5em 0px 0px; }
}
.notification-bar-app-controls { position: absolute; left: 15rem; right: 15rem; text-align: center; margin: 0.65rem auto 0px; }
.notification-bar-app-controls .question-notification { border-radius: 0.375rem; box-shadow: rgb(246, 178, 66) 0px 0px 3px; display: inline-block; padding: 0.65rem; text-align: left; }
.notification-bar-app-controls.mobile-view { display: none; }
@media (max-width: 767px) {
.notification-bar-app-controls.full-view { display: none; }
.notification-bar-app-controls.mobile-view { display: flex; font-size: 0.9rem; margin: 0px 0.5rem; pointer-events: all; position: static; }
.notification-bar-app-controls.mobile-view > .question-notification { width: 100%; display: block; }
}
@keyframes can-navigate {
0% { font-size: 0.5em; }
100% { font-size: 1em; }
}
.page-input { padding: 0.25em 0.5em; display: flex; align-items: center; }
.page-input-wrap { border-radius: 3px; color: rgb(78, 70, 68); border: 1px solid rgb(0, 106, 148); display: flex; }
.page-input input { font-size: 1.5em; padding: 0px 0.25em 0px 0px; width: 2.25em; text-align: right; border: none; background: 0px 0px; }
.page-input input[disabled] { background: rgb(247, 247, 247); cursor: not-allowed; }
.page-input input:not(:focus) + button:not(:active):not(:focus) { position: absolute; left: -99999px; display: inline-flex; }
.page-input .page-input-button { border: none; background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); text-align: center; font-size: 1em; padding: 0px 0.5em; border-radius: 0px; animation-name: can-navigate; animation-duration: 0.3s; }
.page-input .page-input-button:focus, .page-input .page-input-button:hover { background: rgb(0, 143, 199); cursor: pointer; }
.page-input .page-input-button::after, .page-input .page-input-button::before { box-sizing: border-box; }
.page-input .page-input-button[disabled] { background: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(196, 196, 196); color: rgb(78, 70, 68); cursor: not-allowed; }
.page-input.no-pages { visibility: hidden; }
.zoom-controls { display: flex; border-right: 1px solid rgb(178, 178, 178); }
.zoom-controls .zoom-out-button { padding-right: 0.75em; padding-left: 0.25em; }
.zoom-controls .zoom-in-button { padding-left: 0.75em; padding-right: 0.25em; }
.zoom-controls .zoom-fit-button { padding: 0px 0.5rem; border-right: 1px solid rgb(178, 178, 178); }
.zoom-controls .zoom-fit-button .svg-icon { height: 1.75rem; width: 1.75rem; }
.badge-area { background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); position: absolute; bottom: 0.5em; right: 0.5em; padding: 0.4em; display: flex; align-items: center; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: rgb(196, 196, 196) 0px 0px 3px; font-size: 0.9em; }
.bookmark-item-link-container a:focus, .help-submenu ul li a:focus, .toc-entry-content:focus { box-shadow: rgba(3, 102, 180, 0.9) 0px 0px 0.175rem 0.175rem; outline: 0px; }
@media (max-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1023px) {
.badge-area { left: 0px; right: 0px; margin: 0.5em 6em; width: auto; display: block; }
}
.help-text { position: absolute; z-index: 9999; padding: 1em; background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8); width: 320px; border-radius: 3px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); top: 0.5em; display: flex; justify-content: space-between; right: 0.5em; }
.help-text.top-left { right: 0px; left: 0.5em; }
.help-text.bottom-left { top: initial; right: initial; bottom: 0.5em; left: 0.5em; }
.help-text-bottom-right { inset: 0px 0.5em 0.5em 0px; }
.help-text-content { padding-right: 1em; }
.help-text button.help-text-dismiss { white-space: nowrap; padding: 0.25rem 0.5rem; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 3px; }
.toc-entry { background: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.toc-entry-arrow { width: 24px; display: flex; justify-content: center; }
.toc-entry-arrow-button { border: none; background-color: transparent; display: flex; align-items: center; }
.toc-entry-arrow-button .svg-icon { width: 1.25em; transform: none; transition: transform 0.5s ease 0s; }
.reading-assignment-chapter-selector__expander[data-expanded], .toc-entry-arrow-button.children-visible .svg-icon, body.is-printing::after { transform: rotate(90deg); }
.toc-entry-container { padding: 0.5em 8px 0.5em 1em; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(247, 247, 247); display: flex; align-items: center; }
.toc-entry-content { flex: 1 1 0%; color: rgb(59, 59, 59); text-decoration: none; display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; }
.bookmark-item, .copied-text-item, .search-results-item { box-shadow: rgb(247, 247, 247) 0px 0px 3px; }
.toc-entry-content-label.no-parent { padding: 0.25em 0px; }
.toc-entry-content-page-label { font-size: 0.8em; padding-left: 1em; color: rgb(105, 94, 92); }
.toc-entry-content:hover { text-decoration: underline; }
.toc-entry-depth-0 { padding-left: 0.25em; font-size: 1em; }
.toc-entry-depth-1 { padding-left: 1em; font-size: 0.96em; }
.toc-entry-depth-2 { padding-left: 1.75em; font-size: 0.92em; }
.toc-entry-depth-3 { padding-left: 2.5em; font-size: 0.88em; }
.toc-entry-depth-4 { padding-left: 3.25em; font-size: 0.84em; }
.toc-entry-depth-5 { padding-left: 4em; font-size: 0.8em; }
.toc-entry-depth-6 { padding-left: 4.75em; font-size: 0.76em; }
.bookmark-list-ncx-entry { background: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.bookmark-list-ncx-entry-label { padding: 0.5em 1em; font-size: 0.9em; background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); color: rgb(64, 58, 56); border-width: 1px 0px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border-image: initial; }
.bookmark-list-ncx-entry-label.no-parent { padding: 0.75em 1em; font-weight: 600; }
.bookmark-list-ncx-entry-items { padding: 0.5em 1em; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; }
.bookmark-item { margin: 0.5em 0px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.bookmark-list-no-content-heading { color: rgb(64, 58, 56); padding: 1.5em 1em; font-size: 1.2em; font-weight: 600; }
.bookmark-list-no-content-text { background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); height: auto; font-size: 1.1em; margin: 0px 1em; padding: 0.75em; border: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); border-radius: 3px; }
.annotation-editor-options-cancel, .bookmark-item-remove { transition: color 0.1s ease 0s, background 0.1s ease 0s, border-color 0.1s ease 0s; background-color: transparent; }
.bookmark-item { border: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); width: 6em; display: flex; flex-direction: column; margin-right: 2em; }
.bookmark-item-link-container { position: relative; height: 10em; font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: 600; }
.bookmark-item-link-container a { user-select: none; display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center; padding: 0.5em; height: 100%; width: 100%; color: rgb(78, 70, 68); text-align: center; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; text-decoration: none; }
.bookmark-item-link-container a:hover { text-decoration: underline; }
.bookmark-item-link-container .svg-icon { position: absolute; top: -1px; right: 0px; fill: rgb(194, 1, 20); }
.bookmark-item-remove { cursor: pointer; margin: 0px 0.25em 0.25em; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.2rem; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(0, 106, 148); text-align: center; display: block; text-decoration: none; border-radius: 3px; font-size: 0.75em; padding: 0.25em; }
.bookmark-item-remove:focus, .bookmark-item-remove:hover { background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); cursor: pointer; }
.help-submenu ul li:hover, .search-message, .support-submission-success { background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); }
.help-submenu { display: flex; flex-direction: column; justify-content: space-between; border-top: 1px solid rgba(51, 46, 44, 0.2); }
.help-submenu ul { flex: 1 1 0%; overflow-y: auto; }
.help-submenu ul li { display: flex; font-size: 1.2em; border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); }
.help-submenu ul li a { padding: 1em 1.5em; flex: 1 1 0%; color: rgb(92, 82, 80); text-decoration: none; }
.help-submenu ul li:hover a { color: rgb(37, 33, 32); text-decoration: underline; }
.support-body { padding: 0.75em; display: flex; flex-direction: column; justify-content: space-between; }
.support-form { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; padding-top: 1rem; }
.support-form label { width: 45%; margin: 0.25em 0px 0px; font-size: 1em; display: block; text-align: left; font-weight: 400; color: rgb(78, 70, 68); }
.support-form label[for=”support-form-description”] { width: 100%; }
.support-form input { appearance: none; border-radius: 3px; font-size: 1em; padding: 0.5em; border: 1px solid rgb(78, 70, 68); display: block; width: 100%; }
.support-form textarea { border-radius: 3px; width: 100%; margin: 0.25em 0px 1.5em; font-size: 0.8em; padding: 0.5em; border: 1px solid rgb(78, 70, 68); min-height: 100px; }
.support-accessibility-link, .support-button-submit { font-size: 1rem; padding: 0.5em; width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center; }
.support-button-submit { line-height: 1.2rem; border: none; background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 3px; text-decoration: none; display: block; margin: 0px auto; }
.support-button-submit:focus, .support-button-submit:hover { background: rgb(0, 143, 199); cursor: pointer; }
.support-button-submit::after, .support-button-submit::before { box-sizing: border-box; }
.support-button-submit[disabled] { background: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(196, 196, 196); color: rgb(78, 70, 68); cursor: not-allowed; }
.support-accessibility-statement { display: flex; flex-direction: column; padding-top: 0.75em; }
.support-accessibility-link { line-height: 1.2rem; border: none; background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 3px; text-decoration: none; display: block; margin: 1em auto; }
.support-accessibility-link:focus, .support-accessibility-link:hover { background: rgb(0, 143, 199); cursor: pointer; }
.support-accessibility-link::after, .support-accessibility-link::before { box-sizing: border-box; }
.support-accessibility-link[disabled] { background: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(196, 196, 196); color: rgb(78, 70, 68); cursor: not-allowed; }
.support-submission { color: rgb(64, 58, 56); padding: 1.5em 1em; font-size: 1.2em; font-weight: 600; }
.support-submission-success { height: auto; font-size: 1.1em; margin: 0px 1em; padding: 0.75em; border: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); border-radius: 3px; }
.shortcuts-list { display: flex; flex-direction: column; justify-content: space-between; border-top: 1px solid rgba(51, 46, 44, 0.2); }
.shortcuts-list ul { flex: 1 1 0%; overflow-y: auto; }
.shortcuts-list ul li { display: flex; border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); }
.shortcuts-list-item { padding: 1em 1.5em; display: flex; flex-direction: row; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; line-height: 1.25em; }
.shortcuts-list-item-title { flex-shrink: 2; }
.shortcuts-list-item-keys { flex-shrink: 0; margin-left: 0.5em; }
.shortcuts-list-item-plus { display: inline-block; margin: 0px 0.25em; }
.shortcuts-list-item-key { text-align: center; display: inline-block; width: 2.5em; line-height: 2.5em; border-radius: 0.25em; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5) 0px 2px 4px 0px; }
.shortcuts-list-item-key svg { width: 0.75em; height: 0.75em; }
.shortcuts-list-item-key-medium { width: 3.75em; }
.shortcuts-list-item-key-large { width: 8.125em; }
.rs-popup { position: absolute; z-index: 200; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 2em; box-shadow: rgb(196, 196, 196) 0px 0px 3px; user-select: none; transition: top 0.3s ease 0s, left 0.3s ease 0s; }
@media (max-width: 479px) {
.rs-popup.flashcard-popup { width: 100%; height: 100%; left: 0px !important; top: 0px !important; }
}
.content-rail { position: absolute; top: 4em; width: 32px; pointer-events: none; overflow: visible; }
.content-rail > div { pointer-events: initial; }
.content-rail-right { right: -36px; }
.content-rail-right .rail-bubble-item { left: 0px; }
.content-rail-left { left: -36px; }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.content-rail-right { right: -12px; }
.content-rail-left { left: -12px; }
.page-marker { left: 1.5em; transform: rotate(90deg); transform-origin: 0px 0px; }
}
.content-rail-left .rail-bubble-item { right: 0px; }
.content-rail:not(.has-fixed-viewport)::after { content: “”; width: 1em; height: 1em; visibility: hidden; position: absolute; bottom: -4em; }
.rail-bubble-item { position: absolute; width: 24px; height: 24px; box-shadow: rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.8) 0px 1px 4px 0px; border-radius: 100px; }
.page-marker { white-space: nowrap; position: absolute; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s; font-size: 0.75em; padding: 0.1em 0.5em; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 3px; border: 1px solid rgb(92, 82, 80); color: rgb(92, 82, 80); pointer-events: none; touch-action: none; }
.page-marker.page-break-not-found { display: none; }
.annotation-editor { position: absolute; transition: top 0.3s ease 0s, margin-left 0.3s ease 0s, margin-right 0.3s ease 0s, height 0.3s ease 0s, width 0.3s ease 0s, border-radius 0.3s ease 0s; pointer-events: initial; border-radius: 50%; background: rgb(255, 186, 8); }
.annotation-editor.yellow { background: rgb(255, 186, 8); border-color: rgb(255, 186, 8); }
.annotation-editor.red { background: rgb(224, 25, 63); border-color: rgb(224, 25, 63); }
.annotation-editor.blue { background: rgb(0, 117, 188); border-color: rgb(0, 117, 188); }
.annotation-editor.green { background: rgb(76, 191, 8); border-color: rgb(76, 191, 8); }
.annotation-editor .view-only { word-break: break-word; }
.annotation-editor-button-edit { height: 100%; width: 100%; appearance: none; border: none; background: 0px 0px; }
.annotation-editor-options { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; font-size: 0.75em; border-top: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); }
.annotation-editor-options-cancel, .annotation-editor-options-save { font-size: 1rem; padding: 0.5em; margin: 0.25em; line-height: 1.2rem; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box; flex: 1 1 0%; }
.annotation-editor-options-cancel { border: 1px solid rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(0, 106, 148); display: block; text-decoration: none; border-radius: 3px; }
.annotation-editor-options-cancel:focus, .annotation-editor-options-cancel:hover { background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); cursor: pointer; }
.annotation-editor-options-cancel .view-only button { margin: 0.25em; }
.annotation-editor-options-save { border: none; background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 3px; text-decoration: none; }
.annotation-editor-options-save:focus, .annotation-editor-options-save:hover { background: rgb(0, 143, 199); cursor: pointer; }
.annotation-editor-options-save::after, .annotation-editor-options-save::before { box-sizing: border-box; }
.annotation-editor-options-save[disabled] { background: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(196, 196, 196); color: rgb(78, 70, 68); cursor: not-allowed; }
.annotation-editor-options div { width: 50%; border-top: none; }
.annotation-editor.is-editing { width: 16em; height: auto; border-radius: 0px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.annotation-editor.is-editing.open-from-left { border-right-width: 5px; border-right-style: solid; right: 0px; margin-right: calc(-1.625rem – 16em); }
.annotation-editor.is-editing.open-from-right { border-left-width: 5px; border-left-style: solid; left: 0px; margin-left: calc(-1.625rem – 16em); }
.annotation-editor-text-entry { width: 100%; min-height: 6em; font-size: 1.1em; padding: 0.2em; height: auto; border: none; appearance: none; }
.annotation-editor-text-label { display: block; padding: 0.5em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.annotation-editor.is-editing.open-from-left { margin-right: -16em; }
.annotation-editor.is-editing.open-from-right { margin-left: -16em; }
}
@keyframes bookmark-created {
0% { transform: rotate(45deg); }
100% { transform: rotate(0deg); }
}
@keyframes bookmark-deleted {
0% { transform: rotate(0deg); }
100% { opacity: 0; transform: rotate(-45deg); }
}
.rail-bookmark { position: absolute; pointer-events: all; left: 0px; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s; text-align: right; }
.list-item-editor.is-editing .list-item-editor-content, .rail-bookmark.is-editing .rail-bookmark-button-edit, .spine-entry-nav-container { pointer-events: none; }
.rail-bookmark.is-editing { left: calc(-10em – 1.625rem); background: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-shadow: rgb(196, 196, 196) 0px 0px 3px; }
.rail-bookmark-options { display: flex; flex-direction: column; width: 10em; padding: 0.5em; }
.rail-bookmark-options-cancel { transition: color 0.1s ease 0s, background 0.1s ease 0s, border-color 0.1s ease 0s; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.2rem; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 106, 148); background-color: transparent; color: rgb(0, 106, 148); padding: 0.5em; text-align: center; display: block; text-decoration: none; border-radius: 3px; font-size: 0.8em; }
.rail-bookmark-options-cancel:focus, .rail-bookmark-options-cancel:hover { background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); cursor: pointer; }
.rail-bookmark-options-remove { box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.2rem; border: 1px none; padding: 0.5em; background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 3px; text-decoration: none; text-align: center; font-size: 0.8em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; }
.rail-bookmark-options-remove:focus, .rail-bookmark-options-remove:hover { background: rgb(0, 143, 199); cursor: pointer; }
.rail-bookmark-options-remove::after, .rail-bookmark-options-remove::before { box-sizing: border-box; }
.rail-bookmark-options-remove[disabled] { background: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(196, 196, 196); color: rgb(78, 70, 68); cursor: not-allowed; }
.rail-bookmark-button-edit { text-align: right; cursor: pointer; appearance: none; background: 0px 0px; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; }
.rail-bookmark-button-edit:hover svg * { stroke: none; fill: rgb(194, 1, 20); }
.rail-bookmark svg { transform: rotate(0deg); }
.rail-bookmark svg path { stroke: none; fill: rgb(245, 1, 25); }
.rail-bookmark.is-new svg { animation-name: bookmark-created; animation-duration: 0.5s; }
.rail-bookmark.is-deleted svg { animation-name: bookmark-deleted; animation-duration: 0.5s; }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.rail-bookmark.is-editing { left: -10em; }
}
.search-input-container { padding: 0.5em; }
.search-input-label { font-size: 0.8em; margin-bottom: 0.25em; padding-left: 0.1em; font-weight: 600; display: block; color: rgb(78, 70, 68); }
.search-input-field { width: 100%; font-size: 1.25em; padding: 0.1em 0.25em; border: 1px solid rgb(196, 196, 196); border-radius: 3px; appearance: none; }
.search-input-wrap { display: flex; flex-direction: row; }
.search-index { padding: 0px 1em 1em; }
.search button, .search-index-try-again { padding: 0.5em; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.2rem; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box; }
.search-index .description-submenu { margin: 0px -1em 0.5em; }
.search-index-try-again { border: none; background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 3px; width: 100%; }
.search-index-try-again:focus, .search-index-try-again:hover { background: rgb(0, 143, 199); cursor: pointer; }
.search-index-try-again::after, .search-index-try-again::before { box-sizing: border-box; }
.search-index-try-again[disabled] { background: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(196, 196, 196); color: rgb(78, 70, 68); cursor: not-allowed; }
.search button { margin-left: 0.25em; border: none; background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 3px; }
.search button:focus, .search button:hover { background: rgb(0, 143, 199); cursor: pointer; }
.search button::after, .search button::before { box-sizing: border-box; }
.search button[disabled] { background: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(196, 196, 196); color: rgb(78, 70, 68); cursor: not-allowed; }
.search .loading-content { margin: 0px; }
.search-message { height: auto; font-size: 1.1em; padding: 0.75em; border: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); border-radius: 3px; margin: 0px 1em 0.5em; word-break: break-word; }
.search-results-list-ncx-entry { background: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.search-results-list-ncx-entry-label { padding: 0.5em 1em; font-size: 0.9em; background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); color: rgb(64, 58, 56); border-width: 1px 0px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border-image: initial; }
.search-results-list-ncx-entry-label.no-parent { padding: 0.75em 1em; font-weight: 600; }
.search-results-list-ncx-entry-items { padding: 0.5em 1em; }
.search-results-item { margin: 0.5em 0px; border: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); background: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.feedback-form-icon:focus, .rs-toggle-input:focus + label, .rs-tooltip-se:focus, .rs-tooltip-sw:focus, .rs-tooltip:focus, .sidebar-links-list-item a:focus, .sidebar-links-logo > a:focus { box-shadow: rgba(3, 102, 180, 0.9) 0px 0px 0.175rem 0.175rem; outline: 0px; }
.search-results-item-link { width: 100%; display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; padding: 1em; color: rgb(64, 58, 56); text-decoration: none; cursor: pointer; }
.search-results-item-link:focus { box-shadow: rgba(3, 102, 180, 0.9) 0px 0px 0.175rem 0.175rem; outline: 0px; }
.search-results-item-link:hover { text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(37, 33, 32); }
.search-results-item-link .rs-es-h { background-color: rgba(255, 186, 8, 0.2); }
.search-results-item-link-button { margin-left: 1em; }
.multiselect-option { border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.25); position: relative; }
.multiselect-option:last-child { border: none; }
.multiselect-option-wrapper { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; }
.multiselect-option-checkbox { clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); position: absolute; height: 1px; width: 1px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; flex: 0 0 auto; }
.multiselect-option-label { padding: 1em 0.5em; width: 100%; display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; }
.multiselect-option-label-icon { visibility: hidden; }
.multiselect-option-label-icon .svg-icon { height: 1em; width: 1em; }
.multiselect-option-label-icon .svg-icon * { stroke-width: 2; }
.multiselect-option-label-text { word-break: break-word; }
.multiselect-option-delete-button { border: none; font-size: 1.7em; padding: 0px 0.25em 0px 0px; margin: 0px; background-color: transparent; }
.multiselect-option.is-selected { background-color: rgba(0, 106, 148, 0.2); }
.multiselect-option.is-selected .multiselect-option-label-icon { visibility: visible; }
.multiselect-option.is-focused .multiselect-option-label { outline: rgb(94, 158, 214) solid 3px; }
.copied-text-list-ncx-entry { background: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.copied-text-list-ncx-entry-label { padding: 0.5em 1em; font-size: 0.9em; background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); color: rgb(64, 58, 56); border-width: 1px 0px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border-image: initial; }
.copied-text-list-ncx-entry-label.no-parent { padding: 0.75em 1em; font-weight: 600; }
.copied-text-list-ncx-entry-items { padding: 0.5em 1em; }
.copied-text-item { margin: 0.5em 0px; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 5px; border-style: solid; border-top-color: rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); border-right-color: rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); border-bottom-color: rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); border-image: initial; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-left-color: initial; }
.copied-text-formatted-text { padding: 0.5em; font-weight: 600; }
.copied-text-nav { font-weight: 700; display: flex; padding: 0.45em 0.5em; justify-content: flex-end; border-top: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); }
.copied-text-nav-page-label { padding: 0px 0.5em; font-weight: 600; font-size: 0.8em; }
.copied-text-nav button { display: flex; align-items: center; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(78, 70, 68); border: none; background-color: transparent; }
.copied-text-nav button:hover { text-decoration: underline; }
.copied-text-nav a { display: flex; }
.copied-text-nav .svg-icon { width: 1.5em; height: 1.5em; }
.copied-text-nav .svg-icon g { stroke: rgb(118, 118, 118); }
.copied-text-list-no-content-heading { color: rgb(64, 58, 56); padding: 1.5em 1em; font-size: 1.2em; font-weight: 600; }
.copied-text-list-no-content-text { background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); height: auto; font-size: 1.1em; margin: 0px 1em; padding: 0.75em; border: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); border-radius: 3px; }
.copied-text-indicators { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; margin: 0.5em; padding: 0.5em; font-size: 0.9em; }
.copied-text-indicators-label { font-weight: 700; }
.copied-text-indicators-example { display: inline-block; line-height: 0.95em; border-bottom: 0.19em dashed rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.25); }
.copy-dialog { background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); width: 20em; }
.copy-dialog-header { background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); padding: 0.5em; text-align: center; }
.copy-dialog-content { width: 100%; padding: 0.5em; box-sizing: border-box; }
.copy-dialog-content .copy-interface-drm-text-to-copy { box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.1em; height: 4em; background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); border: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); border-radius: 3px; overflow: auto; user-select: none; }
.copy-dialog-content .copy-interface-drm-text-to-copy p { margin: 0.5em; }
.copy-dialog-content .copy-interface-drm-text-to-copy.already-copied { user-select: initial; }
.copy-dialog-content .copy-interface-message { display: flex; align-items: center; margin-bottom: 0.5em; }
.copy-dialog-content .copy-interface-message-agree, .copy-dialog-content .copy-interface-message-already-copied, .copy-dialog-content .copy-interface-message-copied { font-size: 0.8em; padding: 0.5em; }
.copy-dialog-content .copy-interface-controls { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; }
.copy-dialog-content .copy-interface-controls-cancel { transition: color 0.1s ease 0s, background 0.1s ease 0s, border-color 0.1s ease 0s; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.2rem; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 106, 148); background-color: transparent; color: rgb(0, 106, 148); padding: 0.5em; text-align: center; display: block; text-decoration: none; border-radius: 3px; flex: 1 1 0%; }
.copy-dialog-content .copy-interface-controls-clipboard, .copy-dialog-content .copy-interface-controls-confirm { font-size: 1rem; padding: 0.5em; flex: 1 1 0%; line-height: 1.2rem; text-decoration: none; text-align: center; margin-left: 0.5em; }
.copy-dialog-content .copy-interface-controls-cancel:focus, .copy-dialog-content .copy-interface-controls-cancel:hover { background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); cursor: pointer; }
.copy-dialog-content .copy-interface-controls-confirm { box-sizing: border-box; border: none; background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 3px; }
.copy-dialog-content .copy-interface-controls-confirm:focus, .copy-dialog-content .copy-interface-controls-confirm:hover { background: rgb(0, 143, 199); cursor: pointer; }
.copy-dialog-content .copy-interface-controls-confirm::after, .copy-dialog-content .copy-interface-controls-confirm::before { box-sizing: border-box; }
.copy-dialog-content .copy-interface-controls-confirm[disabled] { background: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(196, 196, 196); color: rgb(78, 70, 68); cursor: not-allowed; }
.copy-dialog-content .copy-interface-controls-clipboard { box-sizing: border-box; border: none; background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 3px; }
.copy-dialog-content .copy-interface-controls-clipboard:focus, .copy-dialog-content .copy-interface-controls-clipboard:hover { background: rgb(0, 143, 199); cursor: pointer; }
.copy-dialog-content .copy-interface-controls-clipboard::after, .copy-dialog-content .copy-interface-controls-clipboard::before { box-sizing: border-box; }
.copy-dialog-content .copy-interface-controls-clipboard[disabled] { background: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(196, 196, 196); color: rgb(78, 70, 68); cursor: not-allowed; }
.copy-dialog-content .copy-interface-controls-saving { flex: 1 1 0%; padding: 1em; text-align: center; }
.screen-reader-clone-of-text-to-copy { position: absolute; left: -9000rem; }
.drm-message { color: rgb(194, 1, 20); font-size: 0.8em; }
.sidebar .loading { text-align: center; }
.sidebar .sidebar-header-btns .copy-btn { display: block; width: 100%; text-align: center; font-size: 2em; line-height: 0; }
.sidebar .no-copied-content-message { padding: 4em 1.5em 0px; }
.sidebar #copy-paste-list { height: 100%; }
.sidebar #copy-paste-list #copied-content { background: rgb(253, 253, 253); height: 100%; }
.sidebar #copy-paste-list #copied-content .copied-text-component { margin-left: 1.2em; padding: 0.3em 0.3em 0.3em 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); }
.sidebar #copy-paste-list #copied-content .copied-text-component .subject-line { display: inline-block; width: 60%; }
.sidebar #copy-paste-list #copied-content .copied-text-component .chapter-title { float: left; }
.sidebar #copy-paste-list #copied-content .copied-text-component .date-created { float: right; text-align: right; width: 40%; }
.sidebar #copy-paste-list #copied-content .copied-text-component .copied-text { user-select: text; width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border: none; background: 0px 0px; padding: 1em 0.5em; resize: none; }
.sidebar #copy-paste-list #copied-content .copied-text-component .copied-text-link { display: block; clear: both; width: 100%; text-align: right; border: none; }
.sidebar-links { display: flex; flex-direction: column; justify-content: space-between; border-top: 1px solid rgba(51, 46, 44, 0.2); }
.sidebar-links-list { flex: 1 1 0%; overflow-y: auto; }
@media not screen and (max-width: 400px) {
.sidebar-links-list .only-on-small-screens { display: none; }
}
.sidebar-links-list-item { display: flex; font-size: 1.2em; border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); }
.sidebar-links-list-item a { padding: 0.25rem; flex: 1 1 0%; display: flex; align-items: center; color: rgb(59, 59, 59); text-decoration: none; margin: 0.5em; font-size: 1em; }
.sidebar-links-list-item .svg-icon { margin-right: 0.75rem; height: 2rem; width: 2rem; }
.sidebar-links-list-item:hover { background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); }
.sidebar-links-list-item:hover a { color: rgb(37, 33, 32); text-decoration: underline; }
.sidebar-links-list-item.preview a { color: rgb(128, 128, 133); }
.sidebar-links-list-item.preview svg { fill: rgb(128, 128, 133); }
.sidebar-links-collaboration-message, .sidebar-links-offline-message { background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); height: auto; border: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); border-radius: 3px; font-size: 0.9em; padding: 0.5em 0.75em; margin: 0.75em; }
.sidebar-links-classroom { display: flex; padding: 0.5rem; border-top: 1px solid rgb(93, 93, 93); }
.sidebar-links-classroom .rs-box-link { width: 100%; }
.sidebar-links-logo { border-top: 1px solid rgb(196, 196, 196); text-align: center; padding: 0.25em 1em; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; }
.sidebar-links-logo > div { width: auto; }
.sidebar-links-logo > a { width: 50%; }
.sidebar-links-logo img { height: 2em; }
.sidebar-links-version-number { font-size: 0.8em; color: rgb(59, 59, 59); }
.sidebar-links.is-reading-offline .feedback-form-icon { visibility: hidden; }
@keyframes bounce_color {
25% { background: 0px 0px; }
}
.loading-content { flex: 1 1 0%; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; margin-top: -4em; }
.loading-content-circle { width: 1.5em; height: 1.5em; margin: 0.25em; border-radius: 50%; background: rgb(0, 106, 148); animation-name: bounce_color; animation-duration: 4s; animation-iteration-count: infinite; }
.loading-content-circle-1 { animation-delay: 0s; }
.loading-content-circle-2 { animation-delay: 1s; }
.loading-content-circle-3 { animation-delay: 2s; }
.loading-content-circle-4 { animation-delay: 3s; }
.loader, .manifest-loader { font-size: 1.25em; background: rgb(250, 250, 250); width: 100%; height: 100%; position: absolute; z-index: 99; display: flex; align-items: center; }
.loader-wrap, .manifest-loader-wrap { margin: -4em auto 0px; text-align: center; }
.study-dashboard { display: flex; flex-direction: column; }
.study-dashboard .dashboard-option-group-header { font-size: 0.8em; }
.study-dashboard-options { padding: 0.75em 1.2em; background: rgb(250, 250, 250); border-top: 1px solid rgb(196, 196, 196); display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; }
.study-dashboard-options-open-notes { box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.2rem; border: none; padding: 0.5em; background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 3px; text-decoration: none; text-align: center; width: 100%; }
.study-dashboard-options-open-notes:focus, .study-dashboard-options-open-notes:hover { background: rgb(0, 143, 199); cursor: pointer; }
.study-dashboard-options-open-notes::after, .study-dashboard-options-open-notes::before { box-sizing: border-box; }
.study-dashboard-options-open-notes:disabled, .study-dashboard-options-open-notes[disabled] { background: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(196, 196, 196); color: rgb(78, 70, 68); cursor: not-allowed; }
.study-dashboard-chapters { flex: 1 1 0%; overflow-y: auto; }
.study-dashboard-no-content-heading { color: rgb(64, 58, 56); padding: 1.5em 1em; font-size: 1.2em; font-weight: 600; }
.study-dashboard-no-content-text { background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); height: auto; font-size: 1.1em; margin: 0px 1em; padding: 0.75em; border: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); border-radius: 3px; }
.old-print-dashboard { display: flex; flex-direction: column; justify-content: space-between; padding: 0.5em 1em 1em; }
.old-print-dashboard .print-dashboard-beta-message { background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); height: auto; padding: 0.75em; border: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); border-radius: 3px; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; font-size: 0.8em; }
.old-print-dashboard .print-dashboard-print-usage { border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(196, 196, 196); }
.old-print-dashboard .print-dashboard-create { padding: 0.5em 0px; }
.old-print-dashboard .print-dashboard-create-label { font-weight: 600; }
.old-print-dashboard .print-dashboard-create-btn { margin-top: 0.5em; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.2rem; border: none; padding: 0.5em; background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 3px; text-decoration: none; text-align: center; }
.old-print-dashboard .print-dashboard-create-btn:focus, .old-print-dashboard .print-dashboard-create-btn:hover { background: rgb(0, 143, 199); cursor: pointer; }
.old-print-dashboard .print-dashboard-create-btn::after, .old-print-dashboard .print-dashboard-create-btn::before { box-sizing: border-box; }
.old-print-dashboard .print-dashboard-create-btn[disabled] { background: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(196, 196, 196); color: rgb(78, 70, 68); cursor: not-allowed; }
.old-print-dashboard .print-dashboard-setup { padding: 0.5em 0px; flex: 1 1 0%; }
.old-print-dashboard .print-dashboard-cancel { border-top: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); padding: 0.5em 0px; }
.old-print-dashboard .print-dashboard-cancel button { box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.2rem; border: none; padding: 0.5em; background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 3px; text-decoration: none; text-align: center; width: 100%; }
.old-print-dashboard .print-dashboard-error, .old-print-dashboard .print-dashboard-previous-jobs-overview { padding: 0.5em 0px; }
.old-print-dashboard .print-dashboard-cancel button:focus, .old-print-dashboard .print-dashboard-cancel button:hover { background: rgb(0, 143, 199); cursor: pointer; }
.old-print-dashboard .print-dashboard-cancel button::after, .old-print-dashboard .print-dashboard-cancel button::before { box-sizing: border-box; }
.old-print-dashboard .print-dashboard-cancel button[disabled] { background: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(196, 196, 196); color: rgb(78, 70, 68); cursor: not-allowed; }
.old-print-dashboard .print-dashboard-previous-jobs { border-top: 1px solid rgb(105, 94, 92); flex: 1 1 0%; display: flex; flex-direction: column; }
.old-print-dashboard .print-dashboard-previous-jobs-overview-label { font-weight: 600; }
.old-print-dashboard .print-dashboard-previous-jobs-list { border-top: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); flex: 1 1 0%; overflow-y: auto; }
.old-print-dashboard .print-dashboard-error p:first-child { font-weight: 600; margin-bottom: 0.5em; }
.print-dashboard.show-print-modal { background-color: rgb(118, 118, 118); padding: 4em 2em; }
.print-dashboard.show-print-modal .print-dashboard-modal { background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); padding: 0.5em; }
.print-dashboard.show-print-modal .print-dashboard-modal .print-dashboard-modal-message ul { border: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); margin-top: 0.5em; padding: 0.5em; overflow: auto; max-height: 4.5em; }
.print-dashboard.show-print-modal .print-dashboard-modal .print-dashboard-modal-message .print-dashboard-modal-message-refund-warning { margin-top: 0.5em; font-size: 0.9em; }
.print-dashboard.show-print-modal .print-dashboard-modal .print-dashboard-modal-message .print-dashboard-modal-message-loading-icon { display: flex; justify-content: center; padding: 1em; }
.print-dashboard.show-print-modal .print-dashboard-modal .print-dashboard-modal-buttons { display: flex; justify-content: flex-end; margin-top: 0.5em; }
.print-dashboard.show-print-modal .print-dashboard-modal .print-dashboard-modal-buttons button:last-child { background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.print-dashboard.show-print-modal .print-dashboard-modal .print-dashboard-modal-buttons .print-dashboard-modal-buttons-download { background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; border: none; padding: 0.5em; text-decoration: none; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; border-radius: 3px; }
.print-dashboard.show-print-modal .print-dashboard-modal .print-dashboard-modal-buttons .print-dashboard-modal-buttons-download:focus, .print-dashboard.show-print-modal .print-dashboard-modal .print-dashboard-modal-buttons .print-dashboard-modal-buttons-download:hover { background: rgb(0, 143, 199); cursor: pointer; }
.print-dashboard { display: flex; flex-direction: column; justify-content: space-between; padding: 0px 1em 1em; }
.print-dashboard .description-submenu { margin: 0px -1em 0.5em; }
.print-dashboard .print-dashboard-body { margin-bottom: 80px; }
.print-dashboard .print-dashboard-beta-message { background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); height: auto; padding: 0.75em; border: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); border-radius: 3px; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; font-size: 0.8em; }
.print-dashboard .print-dashboard-print-usage { margin-bottom: 0.5em; }
.print-dashboard .print-dashboard-create { margin: 0.5em 0px; }
.print-dashboard .print-dashboard-create-label { font-weight: 600; }
.print-dashboard .print-dashboard-create-btn { margin-top: 0.5em; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.2rem; border: none; padding: 0.5em; background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 3px; text-decoration: none; text-align: center; }
.print-dashboard .print-dashboard-create-btn:focus, .print-dashboard .print-dashboard-create-btn:hover { background: rgb(0, 143, 199); cursor: pointer; }
.print-dashboard .print-dashboard-create-btn::after, .print-dashboard .print-dashboard-create-btn::before { box-sizing: border-box; }
.print-dashboard .print-dashboard-create-btn[disabled] { background: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(196, 196, 196); color: rgb(78, 70, 68); cursor: not-allowed; }
.print-dashboard .print-setup-refund-warning-cancel-btn, .print-dashboard .print-setup-section button { width: 100%; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 106, 148); font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.2rem; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: none; transition: color 0.1s ease 0s, background 0.1s ease 0s, border-color 0.1s ease 0s; }
.print-dashboard .print-setup-refund-warning-emphasis { font-weight: 600; }
.print-dashboard .print-setup-refund-warning-cancel-btn { margin-top: 0.5em; background-color: transparent; color: rgb(0, 106, 148); padding: 0.5em; text-align: center; display: block; border-radius: 3px; }
.print-dashboard .print-setup-refund-warning-cancel-btn:focus, .print-dashboard .print-setup-refund-warning-cancel-btn:hover { background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); cursor: pointer; }
.print-dashboard .print-setup-refund-warning-btn { margin-top: 0.5em; width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.2rem; border: none; padding: 0.5em; background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 3px; text-decoration: none; text-align: center; }
.print-dashboard .print-setup-refund-warning-btn:focus, .print-dashboard .print-setup-refund-warning-btn:hover { background: rgb(0, 143, 199); cursor: pointer; }
.print-dashboard .print-setup-refund-warning-btn::after, .print-dashboard .print-setup-refund-warning-btn::before { box-sizing: border-box; }
.print-dashboard .print-setup-refund-warning-btn[disabled] { background: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(196, 196, 196); color: rgb(78, 70, 68); cursor: not-allowed; }
.print-dashboard .print-setup-range { padding: 0.5em 0px; display: flex; flex-direction: column; }
.print-dashboard .print-setup-range .rs-box-link, .print-dashboard .print-setup-range .rs-button { align-self: flex-end; padding: 0.5rem; text-transform: uppercase; margin-right: 0px; }
.print-dashboard .print-setup-section { padding-top: 0.5em; border-top: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); }
.print-dashboard .print-setup-section button { background-color: transparent; color: rgb(0, 106, 148); padding: 0.5em; text-align: center; display: block; border-radius: 3px; }
.print-dashboard .print-setup-section button:focus, .print-dashboard .print-setup-section button:hover { background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); cursor: pointer; }
.print-dashboard .print-setup-selection { display: flex; align-items: center; }
.print-dashboard .print-setup-selection-exceeded-limit { padding: 0.25em 0px; color: rgb(194, 1, 20); font-weight: 600; }
.print-dashboard .print-setup-selection-section { flex: 1 1 0%; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; }
.print-dashboard .print-setup-selection-section-cancel { transition: color 0.1s ease 0s, background 0.1s ease 0s, border-color 0.1s ease 0s; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.2rem; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 106, 148); background-color: transparent; color: rgb(0, 106, 148); padding: 0.5em; text-align: center; display: block; text-decoration: none; border-radius: 3px; }
.print-dashboard .print-setup-selection-section-cancel:focus, .print-dashboard .print-setup-selection-section-cancel:hover { background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); cursor: pointer; }
.print-dashboard .print-setup-selection-ranges-list { display: flex; list-style: none; }
.print-dashboard .print-setup-selection-ranges-list-item { list-style: none; border: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); border-radius: 3px; padding: 5px 5px 5px 7px; margin: 0.5em 0.5em 0px 0px; font-size: 0.8em; display: flex; align-items: center; font-weight: 600; box-shadow: rgb(196, 196, 196) 0px 0px 3px; }
.print-dashboard .print-setup-selection-ranges-list-item button { display: flex; margin-left: 0.75em; padding: 0px; }
.print-dashboard .print-setup-selection-ranges-list-item button svg { height: 0.75rem; width: 0.75rem; }
.print-dashboard .print-setup-options { border-top: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); margin-top: 0.5em; padding: 0.5em; display: flex; }
.print-dashboard .print-setup-options label { padding-left: 0.5em; }
.print-dashboard .print-setup-confirm { border-top: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); padding: 1em; display: flex; flex-direction: column; position: fixed; left: 0px; bottom: 0px; width: 100%; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.print-dashboard .print-setup-confirm-button { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; }
.print-dashboard .print-setup-confirm-btn { box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.2rem; border: none; padding: 0.5em; background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 3px; text-decoration: none; text-align: center; }
.print-dashboard .print-setup-confirm-btn:focus, .print-dashboard .print-setup-confirm-btn:hover { background: rgb(0, 143, 199); cursor: pointer; }
.print-dashboard .print-setup-confirm-btn::after, .print-dashboard .print-setup-confirm-btn::before { box-sizing: border-box; }
.print-dashboard .print-setup-confirm-btn[disabled] { background: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(196, 196, 196); color: rgb(78, 70, 68); cursor: not-allowed; }
.print-dashboard .print-dashboard-cancel { border-top: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); padding: 0.5em 0px; }
.print-dashboard .print-dashboard-cancel button { box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.2rem; border: none; padding: 0.5em; background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 3px; text-decoration: none; text-align: center; width: 100%; }
.print-dashboard .print-dashboard-cancel button:focus, .print-dashboard .print-dashboard-cancel button:hover { background: rgb(0, 143, 199); cursor: pointer; }
.print-dashboard .print-dashboard-cancel button::after, .print-dashboard .print-dashboard-cancel button::before { box-sizing: border-box; }
.print-dashboard .print-dashboard-cancel button[disabled] { background: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(196, 196, 196); color: rgb(78, 70, 68); cursor: not-allowed; }
.print-dashboard .print-dashboard-previous-jobs { border-top: 1px solid rgb(105, 94, 92); border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(105, 94, 92); flex: 1 1 0%; display: flex; flex-direction: column; margin: 0.5em 0px; padding: 0.5em 0px; }
.print-dashboard .print-dashboard-previous-jobs-header { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; }
.print-dashboard .print-dashboard-previous-jobs-header p { font-weight: 600; }
.print-dashboard .print-dashboard-previous-jobs-header-toggle { cursor: pointer; }
.print-dashboard .print-dashboard-previous-jobs-header-toggle.down { transform: scale(1.5); }
.print-dashboard .print-dashboard-previous-jobs-header-toggle.up { transform: scale(1.5) rotate(180deg); }
.print-dashboard .print-dashboard-previous-jobs-overview-label { font-weight: 600; }
.print-dashboard .print-dashboard-previous-jobs-list { border: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); overflow-y: auto; padding: 0.5em; max-height: 8em; margin-top: 0.5em; }
.print-dashboard .print-dashboard-previous-jobs-list li { padding-bottom: 1em; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; }
.print-dashboard .print-dashboard-previous-jobs-list::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb { border-radius: 4px; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5); box-shadow: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5) 0px 0px 1px; }
.print-dashboard .print-dashboard-previous-jobs-list::-webkit-scrollbar { appearance: none; width: 7px; }
.print-dashboard .print-dashboard-error { padding: 0.5em 0px; }
.old-print-dashboard .print-setup-refund-warning-btn, .old-print-dashboard .print-setup-refund-warning-cancel-btn { margin-top: 0.5em; padding: 0.5em; width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.2rem; text-align: center; }
.print-dashboard .print-dashboard-error p:first-child { font-weight: 600; margin-bottom: 0.5em; }
.old-print-dashboard .print-setup-refund-warning-emphasis { font-weight: 600; }
.old-print-dashboard .print-setup-refund-warning-cancel-btn { transition: color 0.1s ease 0s, background 0.1s ease 0s, border-color 0.1s ease 0s; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 106, 148); background-color: transparent; color: rgb(0, 106, 148); display: block; text-decoration: none; border-radius: 3px; }
.old-print-dashboard .print-setup-refund-warning-cancel-btn:focus, .old-print-dashboard .print-setup-refund-warning-cancel-btn:hover { background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); cursor: pointer; }
.old-print-dashboard .print-setup-refund-warning-btn { border: none; background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 3px; text-decoration: none; }
.old-print-dashboard .print-setup-refund-warning-btn:focus, .old-print-dashboard .print-setup-refund-warning-btn:hover { background: rgb(0, 143, 199); cursor: pointer; }
.old-print-dashboard .print-setup-refund-warning-btn::after, .old-print-dashboard .print-setup-refund-warning-btn::before { box-sizing: border-box; }
.old-print-dashboard .print-setup-refund-warning-btn[disabled] { background: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(196, 196, 196); color: rgb(78, 70, 68); cursor: not-allowed; }
.old-print-dashboard .print-setup-range { padding: 0.5em 0px; }
.old-print-dashboard .print-setup-section { padding-top: 0.5em; border-top: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); }
.old-print-dashboard .print-setup-section button { width: 100%; transition: color 0.1s ease 0s, background 0.1s ease 0s, border-color 0.1s ease 0s; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.2rem; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 106, 148); background-color: transparent; color: rgb(0, 106, 148); padding: 0.5em; text-align: center; display: block; text-decoration: none; border-radius: 3px; }
.old-print-dashboard .print-setup-section button:focus, .old-print-dashboard .print-setup-section button:hover { background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); cursor: pointer; }
.old-print-dashboard .print-setup-selection { display: flex; align-items: center; }
.old-print-dashboard .print-setup-selection-header { padding-bottom: 0.5em; border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); }
.old-print-dashboard .print-setup-selection-exceeded-limit { padding: 0.25em 0px; color: rgb(194, 1, 20); font-weight: 600; }
.old-print-dashboard .print-setup-selection-section { flex: 1 1 0%; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; }
.old-print-dashboard .print-setup-selection-section-cancel { transition: color 0.1s ease 0s, background 0.1s ease 0s, border-color 0.1s ease 0s; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.2rem; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 106, 148); background-color: transparent; color: rgb(0, 106, 148); padding: 0.5em; text-align: center; display: block; text-decoration: none; border-radius: 3px; }
.old-print-dashboard .print-setup-selection-section-cancel:focus, .old-print-dashboard .print-setup-selection-section-cancel:hover { background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); cursor: pointer; }
.old-print-dashboard .print-setup-selection-ranges-list { display: flex; list-style: none; }
.old-print-dashboard .print-setup-selection-ranges-list-item { list-style: none; border: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); border-radius: 3px; padding: 5px 5px 5px 7px; margin: 0.5em 0.5em 0px 0px; font-size: 0.8em; display: flex; align-items: center; font-weight: 600; box-shadow: rgb(196, 196, 196) 0px 0px 3px; }
.old-print-dashboard .print-setup-selection-ranges-list-item button { display: flex; margin-left: 0.75em; padding: 0px; }
.old-print-dashboard .print-setup-selection-ranges-list-item button svg { height: 0.75rem; width: 0.75rem; }
.old-print-dashboard .print-setup-options { border-top: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); margin-top: 0.5em; padding-top: 0.5em; }
.old-print-dashboard .print-setup-options-header { font-weight: 600; }
.old-print-dashboard .print-setup-options-notes { margin-top: 0.5em; }
.old-print-dashboard .print-setup-options-notes p { font-size: 0.8em; padding: 0px 0.5em; }
.old-print-dashboard .print-setup-confirm { border-top: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); padding-top: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; }
.old-print-dashboard .print-setup-confirm-btn, .print-overlay button { border: none; font-size: 1rem; padding: 0.5em; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.2rem; text-decoration: none; text-align: center; }
.old-print-dashboard .print-setup-confirm-btn { background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 3px; }
.old-print-dashboard .print-setup-confirm-btn:focus, .old-print-dashboard .print-setup-confirm-btn:hover { background: rgb(0, 143, 199); cursor: pointer; }
.old-print-dashboard .print-setup-confirm-btn::after, .old-print-dashboard .print-setup-confirm-btn::before { box-sizing: border-box; }
.old-print-dashboard .print-setup-confirm-btn[disabled] { background: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(196, 196, 196); color: rgb(78, 70, 68); cursor: not-allowed; }
.print-overlay { padding: 0.5em; }
.print-overlay button { margin-top: 0.5em; background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 3px; }
.print-overlay button:focus, .print-overlay button:hover { background: rgb(0, 143, 199); cursor: pointer; }
.print-overlay button::after, .print-overlay button::before { box-sizing: border-box; }
.print-overlay button[disabled] { background: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(196, 196, 196); color: rgb(78, 70, 68); cursor: not-allowed; }
.previous-print-job { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(234, 234, 234); padding: 0.5em 0px; }
.previous-print-job-button { margin-left: 0.5em; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.2rem; border: none; padding: 0.5em; background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 3px; text-decoration: none; text-align: center; }
.previous-print-job-button:focus, .previous-print-job-button:hover { background: rgb(0, 143, 199); cursor: pointer; }
.previous-print-job-button::after, .previous-print-job-button::before { box-sizing: border-box; }
.previous-print-job-button[disabled] { background: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(196, 196, 196); color: rgb(78, 70, 68); cursor: not-allowed; }
@media print {
body.is-printing .study-outlet-content { display: none; }
body.is-printing .study-outlet-content ~ * { visibility: visible; }
}
body.is-printing .bm-menu { display: none !important; }
body.is-printing .app-controls, body.is-printing .manifest-content-print-notes .annotation-list .annotation-nav, body.is-printing .spine-entry-nav-container { display: none; }
body.is-printing .bm-outlet { margin: 0px !important; }
body.is-printing::after { content: attr(data-print-watermark); position: fixed; z-index: 501; top: 50%; transform-origin: right center; right: 0.5em; }
body.is-printing > .ember-view { height: auto; }
body.is-printing .epub-container { background: 0px 0px; width: 7.25in !important; flex: 0 0 auto !important; }
body.is-printing .manifest-content { flex: 0 0 auto; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; overflow: visible; position: relative; background: 0px 0px; width: 7.25in !important; }
body.is-printing .manifest-content-print-notes { border-top: 0.5em solid rgb(0, 106, 148); margin-top: 0.5em; }
body.is-printing .manifest-content-print-notes-heading { content: “Highlights & Notes:”; font-size: 1.5em; font-weight: 600; padding: 0.25em 0px; }
body.is-printing .manifest-content-print-notes .annotation-list .annotation-item { break-inside: avoid; }
body.is-printing .manifest-content-print-notes .annotation-list .annotation-snippet > p { height: auto; max-height: initial; margin: 0.25em 0px; }
body.is-printing .manifest-content .content-rail { top: 0px; right: -1.5em; }
body.is-printing .manifest-iframe { display: block; position: static; border: none; box-shadow: none; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; width: 7.25in !important; }
.offline-dashboard { display: flex; flex-direction: column; justify-content: space-between; padding: 0.5em 1em 1em; }
.offline-dashboard .offline-failed-heading { font-weight: 700; margin-bottom: 1em; }
.offline-dashboard .offline-failed-status { margin-bottom: 1em; }
.offline-dashboard .offline-failed-details button { transition: color 0.1s ease 0s, background 0.1s ease 0s, border-color 0.1s ease 0s; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.2rem; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 106, 148); background-color: transparent; color: rgb(0, 106, 148); padding: 0.5em; text-align: center; display: block; text-decoration: none; border-radius: 3px; }
.offline-dashboard .offline-failed-details button:focus, .offline-dashboard .offline-failed-details button:hover { background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); cursor: pointer; }
.offline-dashboard-body { margin-bottom: 3em; }
.offline-dashboard-footer { margin-bottom: 1em; }
.offline-dashboard-beta-message { background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); height: auto; padding: 0.75em; border: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); border-radius: 3px; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; font-size: 0.8em; }
.offline-dashboard-offline-heading { font-size: 1.2em; border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); padding-bottom: 0.5em; }
.offline-dashboard-offline-disclaimer { font-size: 0.8em; }
.offline-dashboard-offline-text { font-size: 0.9em; padding: 0.5em 0px; }
.offline-dashboard-device-info-list { list-style: disc; margin: 0px 1em; }
.offline-dashboard-device-info-list > li { margin-top: 1em; }
.offline-setup-heading p { margin-bottom: 1.5em; }
.offline-setup-heading .description-submenu { margin: -0.5em -1em 0px; }
.offline-setup-selection { display: flex; flex-direction: column; margin-bottom: 2em; }
.offline-setup-selection button { color: rgb(0, 106, 148); }
.offline-setup-selection .rs-toggle { transform: scale(0.6); transform-origin: right center; }
.offline-setup-selection-toggle-select-all { display: flex; padding: 0.5em; justify-content: flex-end; font-size: 1rem; align-items: center; }
.offline-setup-selection .rs-collapsible-item, .offline-setup-selection .rs-collapsible-item .rs-collapsible-item-title .rs-collapsible-item-title-control button, .offline-setup-selection .rs-collapsible-item .rs-collapsible-item-title-expanded { padding: 0px; }
.offline-setup-selection .rs-collapsible-item .rs-collapsible-item-title { flex-direction: row-reverse; }
.offline-setup-selection .rs-collapsible-item .rs-collapsible-item-title .rs-collapsible-item-title-content { display: block; }
.offline-setup-selection .rs-collapsible-item .rs-collapsible-item-title .rs-collapsible-item-title-control { align-self: center; }
.offline-setup-selection .rs-collapsible-item .rs-collapsible-item-content .offline-setup-selection-toggle { margin-left: 10%; }
.offline-setup-selection > .offline-setup-selection-toggle.indent { margin-left: 6%; }
.offline-setup-selection-toggle { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; padding: 0.5em; border-bottom: 1px solid gray; font-size: 0.8rem; align-items: center; }
.offline-setup-selection-toggle-left { width: 50%; line-height: normal; }
.offline-limited-message-button, .offline-session button, .offline-setup-selection-summary-confirm, .page-not-found-button { line-height: 1.2rem; text-decoration: none; box-sizing: border-box; }
.offline-setup-selection-toggle-right { display: flex; align-items: center; }
.offline-setup-selection-summary { margin-bottom: 1em; }
.offline-setup-selection-summary p { text-align: center; }
.offline-setup-selection-summary p.exceeded { font-weight: 700; color: rgb(194, 1, 20); text-align: start; }
.offline-setup-selection-summary-confirm { margin-top: 1em; width: 100%; font-size: 1rem; border: none; padding: 0.5em; background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; }
.offline-setup-selection-summary-confirm:focus, .offline-setup-selection-summary-confirm:hover { background: rgb(0, 143, 199); cursor: pointer; }
.offline-setup-selection-summary-confirm::after, .offline-setup-selection-summary-confirm::before { box-sizing: border-box; }
.offline-setup-selection-summary-confirm[disabled] { background: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(196, 196, 196); color: rgb(78, 70, 68); cursor: not-allowed; }
.offline-setup-selection-summary-confirm-description { font-size: 0.8em; padding: 0.25em 0.5em; }
.offline-session div.active-offline-session { margin-bottom: 1.5em; }
.offline-session div.active-offline-session .description-submenu { margin: -0.5em -1em 0px; }
.offline-session .offline-progress { margin-bottom: 1.5em; }
.offline-session ul { list-style: outside; padding-left: 1em; padding-top: 0.5em; }
.offline-session strong { font-weight: 700; }
.offline-session button { transition: color 0.1s ease 0s, background 0.1s ease 0s, border-color 0.1s ease 0s; font-size: 1rem; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 106, 148); background-color: transparent; color: rgb(0, 106, 148); padding: 0.5em; text-align: center; display: block; border-radius: 3px; width: 100%; }
.offline-session button:focus, .offline-session button:hover { background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); cursor: pointer; }
.offline-limited-message { display: flex; flex-direction: column; }
.offline-limited-message-header { background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); font-size: 2.5em; font-weight: 200; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); padding: 0.75em 0.5em; }
.offline-limited-message-text { overflow-y: auto; text-align: center; padding: 0.5em; }
.offline-limited-message-label { font-weight: 600; }
.offline-limited-message-button { font-size: 1rem; border: none; padding: 0.5em; background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; margin-top: 2em; width: 100%; }
.offline-limited-message-button:focus, .offline-limited-message-button:hover { background: rgb(0, 143, 199); cursor: pointer; }
.offline-limited-message-button::after, .offline-limited-message-button::before { box-sizing: border-box; }
.offline-limited-message-button[disabled] { background: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(196, 196, 196); color: rgb(78, 70, 68); cursor: not-allowed; }
.offline-progress { max-width: 95%; z-index: 1; }
.offline-progress-status { width: 100%; }
.offline-progress-status-hide { display: flex; justify-content: flex-end; overflow: visible; height: 0px; }
.offline-progress-status-hide-button { padding: 0.2rem; }
.offline-progress-status-hide-button .svg-icon { width: 1rem; height: 1rem; }
.offline-progress-status-heading { flex: 1 1 0%; margin-bottom: 1em; }
.offline-progress-status-heading-chapter-list { list-style: outside; padding-left: 1em; padding-top: 0.5em; }
.offline-progress-status-bar { display: flex; height: 1.5em; width: 30em; max-width: 100%; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250); border-radius: 4em; overflow: hidden; border: 1px solid rgb(64, 58, 56); }
.offline-progress-status-bar-heading { font-weight: 700; margin-bottom: 0.5em; }
.offline-progress-status-bar-completed { background-color: rgb(93, 129, 77); border: none; transition: width 0.3s ease 0s; }
.offline-progress-status .offline-download-complete p { padding: 0.3em 0px; }
@media (max-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1023px) {
.offline-progress-status { font-size: 0.7em; padding-bottom: 0.25em; }
.offline-progress-percent { font-size: 1em; }
}
.page-not-found { display: flex; flex-direction: column; }
.page-not-found-header { background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); font-size: 2.5em; font-weight: 200; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); padding: 0.75em 0.5em; }
.page-not-found-text { overflow-y: auto; text-align: center; padding: 0.5em; }
.page-not-found-label { font-weight: 600; }
.page-not-found-button { font-size: 1rem; border: none; padding: 0.5em; background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; margin-top: 2em; width: 100%; }
.page-not-found-button:focus, .page-not-found-button:hover { background: rgb(0, 143, 199); cursor: pointer; }
.page-not-found-button::after, .page-not-found-button::before { box-sizing: border-box; }
.page-not-found-button[disabled] { background: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(196, 196, 196); color: rgb(78, 70, 68); cursor: not-allowed; }
.page-not-found-options { margin-top: 1em; }
.page-not-found-dropdown { margin-top: 0.5em; font-size: 1.2em; min-width: 30%; padding: 0.22em; }
.page-not-found-select button, .page-range-selector button { font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.2rem; text-decoration: none; box-sizing: border-box; }
.page-not-found-select button { border: none; padding: 0.5em; background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; margin-left: 0.5em; }
.page-not-found-select button:focus, .page-not-found-select button:hover { background: rgb(0, 143, 199); cursor: pointer; }
.page-not-found-select button::after, .page-not-found-select button::before { box-sizing: border-box; }
.page-not-found-select button[disabled] { background: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(196, 196, 196); color: rgb(78, 70, 68); cursor: not-allowed; }
.feedback-form-button, .page-range-selector button { transition: color 0.1s ease 0s, background 0.1s ease 0s, border-color 0.1s ease 0s; color: rgb(0, 106, 148); }
.page-range-selector { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; }
.page-range-selector-options { display: flex; align-items: flex-end; }
.page-range-selector-divider { margin: 0px 0.5em; padding-bottom: 2px; }
.page-range-selector select { font-size: 1.2em; min-width: 3em; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; flex: 1 1 0%; max-width: 4.5em; }
.page-range-selector button { border: 1px solid rgb(0, 106, 148); background-color: transparent; padding: 0.5em; text-align: center; display: block; border-radius: 3px; }
.page-range-selector button:focus, .page-range-selector button:hover { background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); cursor: pointer; }
.page-range-selector-label { display: block; color: rgb(78, 70, 68); font-size: 0.8em; padding-left: 2px; padding-bottom: 2px; }
.introjs-overlay, .ncx-entry-with-list-no-results, .ncx-entry-with-list:not(.ncx-entry-with-list-no-results) ~ .annotation-list-no-results { display: none; }
.introjs-helperLayer { background: 0px 0px; }
#right-rail-intro { position: absolute; right: 10px; top: 10%; width: 24px; height: 80%; z-index: -1; }
.usage-bar-main { width: 100%; margin-top: 0.5em; }
.usage-bar-main .usage-bar { width: 100%; height: 1em; border-radius: 0.5em; overflow: hidden; display: flex; border: 1px solid rgb(64, 58, 56); box-shadow: rgb(196, 196, 196) 0px 0px 3px; }
.usage-bar-main .usage-bar .current-drm { background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); }
.usage-bar-main .usage-bar .new-drm { min-width: 1.25em; margin-left: -1px; border-left: 1px solid rgb(51, 46, 44); background: repeating-linear-gradient(45deg, rgb(234, 234, 234), rgb(234, 234, 234) 1px, rgb(0, 106, 148) 2px, rgb(0, 106, 148) 3px); transition: width 0.3s ease 0s; }
.usage-bar-main .usage-bar .available-drm { margin-left: -1px; margin-right: -1px; border-left: 1px solid rgb(51, 46, 44); background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250); flex: 1 1 0%; }
.usage-bar-main .usage-legend { display: flex; flex-direction: column; margin-top: 0.5em; }
.usage-bar-main .usage-legend .key { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; margin: 0.1em 0.8em 0.3em; }
.usage-bar-main .usage-legend .key .key-color { height: 1em; width: 1em; border-radius: 50%; align-self: center; margin-right: 0.5em; box-shadow: rgb(196, 196, 196) 0px 0px 3px; border: 1px solid rgb(78, 70, 68); }
.usage-bar-main .usage-legend .key .key-sub { display: flex; }
.usage-bar-main .usage-legend .key .key-percent, .usage-bar-main .usage-legend .key .key-text { align-self: center; font-size: 0.8em; }
.usage-bar-main .usage-legend .key.current .key-color { background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); }
.usage-bar-main .usage-legend .key.new .key-color { background: repeating-linear-gradient(45deg, rgb(234, 234, 234), rgb(234, 234, 234) 1px, rgb(0, 106, 148) 2px, rgb(0, 106, 148) 3px); }
.usage-bar-main .usage-legend .key.available .key-color { background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250); }
.ncx-entry-with-list-label { padding: 0.5em 1em; font-size: 0.9em; background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); color: rgb(64, 58, 56); border-width: 1px 0px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border-image: initial; }
.ncx-entry-with-list-label.no-parent { padding: 0.75em 1em; font-weight: 600; }
.ncx-entry-with-list-items, .page-dropdown { padding: 0.5em 1em; }
.page-dropdown { position: absolute; display: flex; flex-direction: column; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: rgb(196, 196, 196) 0px 0px 3px; top: 4em; left: 2em; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); }
.page-dropdown.is-focused { clip: initial; z-index: 501; }
.page-dropdown-container { display: flex; margin-top: 0.5em; }
.page-dropdown-container button { box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.2rem; border: none; padding: 0.5em; background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 3px; text-decoration: none; text-align: center; margin-left: 0.5em; }
.page-dropdown-container button:focus, .page-dropdown-container button:hover { background: rgb(0, 143, 199); cursor: pointer; }
.page-dropdown-container button::after, .page-dropdown-container button::before { box-sizing: border-box; }
.page-dropdown-container button[disabled] { background: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(196, 196, 196); color: rgb(78, 70, 68); cursor: not-allowed; }
.page-dropdown-select { font-size: 1.25em; flex-grow: 1; }
.feedback-form { display: flex; flex-direction: column; }
.feedback-form-header { background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); font-weight: 200; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); padding: 0.5em; font-size: 1.5em; display: flex; justify-content: space-between; }
.feedback-form-button, .feedback-form-close { font-size: 1rem; width: 100%; line-height: 1.2rem; text-decoration: none; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box; }
.feedback-form-text { overflow-y: auto; text-align: center; padding: 0.5em; width: 100%; }
.feedback-form-label { font-weight: 600; }
.feedback-form-text-thanks { margin: 3em; }
.feedback-form-exit { background: 0px 0px; border: none; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; }
.feedback-form-exit .svg-icon { height: 1rem; width: 1rem; }
.feedback-form-exit .svg-icon * { stroke: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.feedback-form-button { border: 1px solid rgb(0, 106, 148); background-color: transparent; display: block; border-radius: 3px; padding: 0.25em 0px; }
.feedback-form-button:focus, .feedback-form-button:hover { background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); cursor: pointer; }
.feedback-form-button .svg-icon * { stroke: none; fill: rgb(0, 106, 148); }
.feedback-form-button-content { display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center; }
.feedback-form-button-content-text { margin-left: 0.5em; }
.feedback-form-button:hover .svg-icon * { fill: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.feedback-form .svg-icon { fill: rgb(255, 255, 255); stroke-width: 0; }
.feedback-form .svg-icon:hover { fill: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.feedback-form-icon { border: none; background-color: transparent; }
.feedback-form-icon .svg-icon * { stroke: none; fill: rgb(78, 70, 68); }
.feedback-form-icon:hover .svg-icon * { fill: rgb(0, 106, 148); }
.feedback-form-close { border: none; padding: 0.5em; background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 3px; }
.feedback-form-close:focus, .feedback-form-close:hover { background: rgb(0, 143, 199); cursor: pointer; }
.feedback-form-close::after, .feedback-form-close::before { box-sizing: border-box; }
.feedback-form-close[disabled] { background: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(196, 196, 196); color: rgb(78, 70, 68); cursor: not-allowed; }
.feedback-form-cancel { font-size: 12px; color: rgb(0, 106, 148); background: 0px 0px; border: none; margin-left: 90%; }
.feedback-form-iframe { width: 100%; }
.survey-monkey-survey { width: 100%; height: 425px; }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.survey-monkey-survey { height: 400px; }
}
.collaboration-menu { display: flex; flex-direction: column; height: 100%; }
.collaboration-menu-header { padding: 0.5rem; }
.collaboration-menu-mode { padding: 0.5rem; border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); }
.collaboration-menu-mode-inner { display: flex; }
.collaboration-menu-mode-inner > * { flex: 1 1 0%; }
.collaboration-menu-mode input[type=”radio”] { clip: rect(0px, 0px, 0px, 0px); opacity: 0; position: absolute; }
.collaboration-menu-mode input[type=”radio”]:checked + label { background: rgb(37, 33, 32); border-color: rgb(37, 33, 32); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.collaboration-menu-mode input[type=”radio”]:focus + label { z-index: 1; outline: rgb(94, 158, 214) solid 3px; }
.collaboration-menu-mode input[type=”radio”]:active:not(:checked) + label { background: rgb(250, 250, 250); text-decoration: underline; }
.collaboration-menu-mode-label { text-align: center; color: rgb(37, 33, 32); border-color: rgb(37, 33, 32); border-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; cursor: pointer; padding: 0.25em 0px; }
.collaboration-menu-mode-label:first-of-type { border-left-width: 1px; border-radius: 3px 0px 0px 3px; }
.collaboration-menu-mode-label:last-of-type { border-radius: 0px 3px 3px 0px; }
.collaboration-menu-mode-label:focus { outline: rgba(3, 102, 180, 0.7) solid 3px; }
.collaboration-menu-mode [role=”tab”] { display: flex; }
.collaboration-menu-mode [role=”tab”] .collaboration-menu-mode-label { flex: 1 1 0%; }
.collaboration-menu-mode [role=”tab”]:first-of-type .collaboration-menu-mode-label { border-radius: 3px 0px 0px 3px; border-left-width: 1px; }
.collaboration-menu-mode [role=”tab”]:last-of-type .collaboration-menu-mode-label { border-radius: 0px 3px 3px 0px; border-left-width: 0px; }
.collaboration-menu-membership-list { flex: 1 1 0%; overflow: auto; background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); padding: 1rem; }
.create-collaboration-group-form, .subscribe-to-group-form { flex-direction: column; display: flex; }
.collaboration-menu-membership-list li { margin: 0.5em 0px; }
.collaboration-menu-membership-list-no-content { padding-top: 1em; }
.collaboration-menu-membership-list-no-content-heading { color: rgb(64, 58, 56); padding: 1.5em 1em; font-size: 1.2em; font-weight: 600; }
.collaboration-menu-membership-list-no-content-text { background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); height: auto; font-size: 1.1em; margin: 0px 1em; padding: 0.75em; border: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); border-radius: 3px; }
.create-collaboration-group-form-heading, .subscribe-to-group-form-heading { margin-bottom: 1rem; font-weight: 600; }
.subscribe-to-group { padding: 1em; border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); }
.subscribe-to-group-form-input[type=”text”] { font-size: 1rem; padding: 0.25em; border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); }
.subscribe-to-group-form-input-label { font-weight: 600; font-size: 0.8rem; }
.subscribe-to-group-form-action { margin-top: 1em; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.2rem; border: none; padding: 0.5em; background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 3px; text-decoration: none; text-align: center; }
.subscribe-to-group-form-action:focus, .subscribe-to-group-form-action:hover { background: rgb(0, 143, 199); cursor: pointer; }
.subscribe-to-group-form-action::after, .subscribe-to-group-form-action::before { box-sizing: border-box; }
.subscribe-to-group-form-action[disabled] { background: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(196, 196, 196); color: rgb(78, 70, 68); cursor: not-allowed; }
.create-collaboration-group { border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); padding: 1em; }
.create-collaboration-group-form-input[type=”text”] { font-size: 1rem; padding: 0.25em; border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); }
.create-collaboration-group-form-input-label { font-weight: 600; font-size: 0.8rem; }
.create-collaboration-group-form-action { margin: 1em 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.2rem; border: none; padding: 0.5em; background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 3px; text-decoration: none; text-align: center; }
.create-collaboration-group-form-action:focus, .create-collaboration-group-form-action:hover { background: rgb(0, 143, 199); cursor: pointer; }
.create-collaboration-group-form-action::after, .create-collaboration-group-form-action::before { box-sizing: border-box; }
.create-collaboration-group-form-action[disabled] { background: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(196, 196, 196); color: rgb(78, 70, 68); cursor: not-allowed; }
.collaboration-group-details { border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); padding: 1em; display: flex; flex-direction: column; }
.collaboration-group-details-heading { margin-bottom: 1rem; font-weight: 600; }
.collaboration-group-details-name { margin-bottom: 1em; }
.collaboration-group-details-code-label, .collaboration-group-details-name-label { font-weight: 600; font-size: 0.8rem; }
.collaboration-group-details-code-details { justify-content: space-between; display: flex; align-items: center; background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); height: auto; font-size: 1.1em; padding: 0.75em; border: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); border-radius: 3px; margin: 0.25rem 0px; }
.collaboration-group-details-code-details-text { flex: 1 1 0%; font-size: 1.4rem; }
.collaboration-group-details-code-info { font-size: 0.8rem; }
.collaboration-group-details-action { margin: 1em 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.2rem; border: none; padding: 0.5em; background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 3px; text-decoration: none; text-align: center; }
.collaboration-group-details-action:focus, .collaboration-group-details-action:hover { background: rgb(0, 143, 199); cursor: pointer; }
.collaboration-group-details-action::after, .collaboration-group-details-action::before { box-sizing: border-box; }
.collaboration-group-details-action[disabled] { background: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(196, 196, 196); color: rgb(78, 70, 68); cursor: not-allowed; }
.collaboration-badge-heading { width: 100%; font-size: 0.9em; flex: 1 1 0%; margin: 0px 0.25em 0.25em; }
.collaboration-badge-name { overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; display: block; font-size: 1.2em; max-width: 220px; }
.membership-info, .tts-controls { display: flex; align-items: center; }
@media (max-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1023px) {
.collaboration-badge-heading { font-size: 0.8em; }
.collaboration-badge-name { overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; font-size: 1em; }
}
.collaboration-popup { display: flex; flex-direction: column; justify-content: space-between; padding: 0.5em; }
.collaboration-popup-text { background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); height: auto; border: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); border-radius: 3px; width: 16rem; max-width: 18rem; margin: 0px auto 0.5em; font-size: 0.9em; padding: 0.25em 0.5em; }
.collaboration-popup-close-button { box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.2rem; border: 1px none; padding: 0.5em; background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 3px; text-decoration: none; text-align: center; width: 100%; font-size: 0.9em; }
.collaboration-popup-close-button:focus, .collaboration-popup-close-button:hover { background: rgb(0, 143, 199); cursor: pointer; }
.collaboration-popup-close-button::after, .collaboration-popup-close-button::before { box-sizing: border-box; }
.collaboration-popup-close-button[disabled] { background: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(196, 196, 196); color: rgb(78, 70, 68); cursor: not-allowed; }
.membership-info { padding: 0.5em; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.membership-info-options-view, .membership-information-button { line-height: 1.2rem; background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: none; }
.membership-info-details { flex: 1 1 0%; overflow: hidden; }
.membership-info-details-name { color: rgb(10, 9, 9); }
.membership-info-details-description { color: rgb(119, 107, 104); font-weight: 300; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; }
.membership-info-options { margin-left: 0.5em; }
.membership-info-options-view { font-size: 1rem; border: none; padding: 0.5em; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 3px; }
.membership-info-options-view:focus, .membership-info-options-view:hover { background: rgb(0, 143, 199); cursor: pointer; }
.membership-info-options-view::after, .membership-info-options-view::before { box-sizing: border-box; }
.membership-info-options-view[disabled] { background: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(196, 196, 196); color: rgb(78, 70, 68); cursor: not-allowed; }
.membership-information { color: rgb(64, 58, 56); font-size: 1.2em; font-weight: 600; padding: 1rem; border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); }
.membership-information-label { font-size: 0.8rem; }
.membership-information-group-name { overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; max-height: 5rem; margin-bottom: 0.5rem; }
.membership-information-button { font-size: 1rem; border: none; padding: 0.5em; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 3px; width: 100%; }
.membership-information-button:focus, .membership-information-button:hover { background: rgb(0, 143, 199); cursor: pointer; }
.membership-information-button::after, .membership-information-button::before { box-sizing: border-box; }
.membership-information-button[disabled] { background: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 1px solid rgb(196, 196, 196); color: rgb(78, 70, 68); cursor: not-allowed; }
.collaboration-group-annotations .annotation-search { padding: 1rem; border-top: none; }
.collaboration-group-annotations-loading { padding-top: 8rem; }
.tts-controls { padding: 0.25rem; height: 100%; border-left: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); }
.tts-controls-button:active > svg, .tts-controls-button:disabled > svg, .tts-controls-button:focus > svg, .tts-controls-button:hover > svg, .tts-controls-button > svg { max-height: 1.5rem; max-width: 1.5rem; }
.tts-controls-button:active > svg path, .tts-controls-button:disabled > svg path, .tts-controls-button:focus > svg path, .tts-controls-button:hover > svg path, .tts-controls-button > svg path { fill: none; }
.tts-controls > .tts-controls-button { margin: 0px 0.25rem 0px 0.75rem; }
@media screen and (max-width: 400px) {
.tts-controls .hide-on-small-screens { display: none; }
}
.tts-controls-menu { position: absolute; right: 2rem; left: 2rem; bottom: -0.25rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: flex-end; height: 0px; overflow: visible; }
@media screen and (max-width: 400px) {
.tts-controls-menu { right: 0.25rem; }
}
.tts-controls-menu > div { background: rgb(251, 251, 251); height: 3.5rem; min-height: 3.5rem; display: flex; flex-direction: row; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: rgb(59, 59, 59) 0px 0px 3px; padding: 0.5rem 0px 0.5rem 1rem; }
.tts-controls-menu > div > div { display: flex; flex-direction: row; align-items: center; }
.tts-controls-menu > div > div > button.rs-box-link:disabled, .tts-controls-menu > div > div > button.rs-button:disabled { color: rgb(116, 116, 116); }
.tts-controls-menu > div > div > button > svg { margin-top: 0.2rem; }
.tts-controls-menu > div > div > button.close-menu-desktop { margin-right: 1.75rem; }
.tts-controls-menu > div > div > button.close-menu-desktop > svg { max-height: 1.125rem; max-width: 1.125rem; }
.tts-controls-menu > div > div > .rs-input-range { margin: 0px 1.75rem 0px 0px; width: 6.5rem; }
.tts-controls-menu > div > div > .rs-input-range > .rs-input-range-label { font-family: “Source Sans Pro”, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.8rem; font-weight: 400; height: 1rem; line-height: 1rem; }
.tts-controls-menu > div > div > .rs-input-range:first-of-type { margin-left: 0.75rem; }
.tts-controls .close-menu-mobile, .tts-controls .close-menu-mobile::after, .tts-controls .close-menu-mobile::before { display: none; }
.tts-controls .close-menu-mobile > svg { max-height: 0.75rem; max-width: 0.75rem; }
@media (max-width: 1024px) {
.tts-controls-menu > div { flex-direction: column; justify-content: center; height: 7rem; min-height: 7rem; padding: 0.5rem; }
.tts-controls-menu > div > .tts-menu-buttons { justify-content: center; margin-bottom: 0.5rem; padding: 0px 1.2rem 0px 0.4rem; }
.tts-controls-menu > div > .tts-menu-buttons > .rs-box-link:not(:last-child), .tts-controls-menu > div > .tts-menu-buttons > .rs-button:not(:last-child) { margin-right: 0.85rem; }
.tts-controls-menu > div > .tts-menu-sliders { justify-content: center; }
.tts-controls .close-menu-desktop { display: none; }
.tts-controls .close-menu-mobile { display: block; position: absolute; top: 0px; right: 0px; margin: 0.5rem; }
}
.tts-settings { padding: 0px 1rem 1rem; }
.tts-settings .description-submenu { margin: 0px -1rem 0.5rem; }
.tts-settings .rs-input-range input { margin: 0px; }
.tts-settings .rs-dropdown { margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.tts-settings-heading { font-size: 1rem; font-weight: 600; line-height: 2rem; }
.experimental-feature-overview, .tts-settings-instructions { font-family: “Source Sans Pro”, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 1.25rem; font-weight: 400; }
.tts-settings-instructions { font-size: 0.8rem; }
.workshop-menu { padding: 0.5rem 1rem 0px; }
.workshop-menu-heading { margin-bottom: 0.5rem; }
.workshop-menu-heading-message { background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); height: auto; font-size: 1.1em; padding: 0.75em; border: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); border-radius: 3px; margin: 0px; }
.experimental-feature { border: 2px solid rgb(237, 237, 237); margin-bottom: 0.5rem; padding: 0.5rem; color: rgb(59, 59, 59); }
.experimental-feature-overview { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; margin-right: 0.5rem; font-size: 0.8rem; }
.experimental-feature-settings { padding-top: 0.5rem; }
.experimental-feature-heading { font-size: 1rem; font-weight: 600; line-height: 2rem; }
.rs-toggle { display: flex; flex-direction: column; }
.rs-toggle.tile { border: 1px solid rgb(209, 209, 209); }
.rs-toggle.list .rs-toggle-header { background-color: transparent; justify-content: space-between; }
.rs-toggle-header { display: flex; flex-direction: row; width: 100%; padding: 0.5em; justify-content: flex-end; align-items: center; background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(209, 209, 209); }
.rs-toggle-switch-container { padding-left: 0.5em; }
.rs-toggle-switch { position: relative; width: 7.5em; user-select: none; font-size: 0.55em; }
.rs-toggle-switch-checkbox { position: absolute; top: -9999px; left: -9999px; }
.rs-toggle-switch-checkbox:focus + .rs-toggle-switch-label { outline: highlight solid 2px; }
@media (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 0) {
.rs-toggle-switch-checkbox:focus + .rs-toggle-switch-label { outline-color: -webkit-focus-ring-color; outline-style: auto; }
}
.rs-toggle-switch-label { display: block; overflow: hidden; cursor: pointer; border: 2px solid rgb(78, 70, 68); border-radius: 30px; transition-delay: 0.3s; transition-property: border-color; }
.rs-toggle-switch-inner { display: block; width: 200%; margin-left: -100%; transition: margin 0.3s ease-in 0s; }
.rs-toggle-switch-inner::after, .rs-toggle-switch-inner::before { display: block; float: left; width: 50%; height: 3em; padding: 0px; line-height: 3em; font-size: 1em; box-sizing: border-box; }
.rs-toggle-switch-inner::before { padding-left: 1em; color: rgb(0, 106, 148); }
.rs-toggle-switch-switch { display: block; width: 1.6em; height: 1.6em; margin: 0.7em; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); position: absolute; right: 4em; border: 2px solid rgb(78, 70, 68); border-radius: 20px; transition: all 0.3s ease-in 0s; }
.rs-toggle-switch-checkbox:checked + .rs-toggle-switch-label { border-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); }
.rs-toggle-switch-checkbox:checked + .rs-toggle-switch-label .rs-toggle-switch-inner { margin-left: 0px; }
.rs-toggle-switch-checkbox:checked + .rs-toggle-switch-label .rs-toggle-switch-switch { right: 0px; background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.rs-toggle-switch-inner::before { content: “”; background-color: rgb(0, 106, 148); }
.rs-toggle-switch-inner::after { padding-right: 1em; color: rgb(78, 70, 68); text-align: right; content: “”; background-color: transparent; }
.rs-toggle-yield-container { border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 100%; }
.list-manager-menu { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; padding-bottom: 0.25em; }
.list-manager-menu-heading { font-weight: 600; color: rgb(37, 33, 32); }
.list-manager-menu-edit { appearance: none; color: rgb(0, 88, 123); background: 0px 0px; border: none; text-decoration: underline; font-size: 0.8rem; }
.list-item-editor { border: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); display: flex; position: relative; }
.list-item-editor-options { height: 100%; position: absolute; z-index: 0; transition: width 0.3s ease 0s; border-right: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); }
.list-item-editor-options button { transition: opacity 0.3s ease 0s; cursor: pointer; background: rgb(194, 1, 20); border: none; border-radius: 0px; height: 100%; padding: 0px 1em; margin: 0px; }
.list-item-editor-options button .svg-icon { stroke-width: 1.25; fill: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.list-item-editor-options button .svg-icon > *, .list-item-editor-options button:hover:not([disabled]) .svg-icon > * { stroke: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.list-item-editor-options button[disabled] { opacity: 0.75; cursor: not-allowed; }
.list-item-editor-options button:focus, .list-item-editor-options button:hover { background-color: rgb(245, 1, 25); }
.list-item-editor-content { width: 100%; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow: hidden; }
.list-item-editor-content > * { position: relative; z-index: 0; transition: left 0.3s ease 0s; left: 0px; }
.list-item-editor.is-editing .list-item-editor-options { transition-delay: 0.3s; z-index: auto; }
.list-item-editor.is-editing .list-item-editor-content a, .list-item-editor.is-editing .list-item-editor-content button, .list-item-editor.is-editing .list-item-editor-content input { visibility: hidden; }
.list-item-editor.is-editing .list-item-editor-content > * { left: 3.75em; }
.activity-details { padding: 1rem; }
.activity-details-header { font-weight: 600; }
.activity-details-section { display: flex; margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.activity-details-section-time { border-right: 1px solid rgb(59, 59, 59); }
.activity-details-section-annotations, .activity-details-section-time { width: 50%; text-align: center; padding: 1rem; }
.activity-details-section-annotations-subheader, .activity-details-section-time-subheader { color: rgb(59, 59, 59); }
.activity-details-section-annotations-statistic, .activity-details-section-time-statistic { font-size: 1.5rem; font-weight: 600; line-height: 3rem; }
.course-materials-main-item-content-questions-value, .rsc-student-dashboard .assignment-info .assignment-details-value, .student-list-course-title, .student-list-section { font-size: 1.5625rem; font-family: “Source Sans Pro”, Arial, sans-serif; }
.student-list { margin: 1rem; }
.student-list-course-title { line-height: 1.75rem; font-weight: 400; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.student-list-section { line-height: 1.75rem; font-weight: 800; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.student-list-count { text-align: center; margin-bottom: 2.5rem; }
.classroom-content { height: 100%; }
.classroom-pending-assignment-warning { margin: 0px 0.3ch; vertical-align: -0.1em; }
.classroom-pending-assignment-warning__icon { height: 1em; }
.classroom-pending-assignment-warning__icon > :first-child { fill: gold; }
.reading-assignment-chapter-selector–root-level { border: 1px solid gray; }
.reading-assignment-chapter-selector__entry[data-level=”0″]:not(:last-child) { border-bottom: 1px solid gray; }
.reading-assignment-chapter-selector__layout { align-items: center; display: flex; padding: 0.5em 1em; }
.reading-assignment-chapter-selector__expander { flex: 0 0 1.1em; padding: 0.3em; margin-right: 0.2em; transition: transform 0.2s ease 0s; }
.reading-assignment-chapter-selector__expander:not([data-has-children]) { visibility: hidden; }
.reading-assignment-chapter-selector__expander > svg { display: block; }
.reading-assignment-chapter-selector__ncx-entry-label { flex: 1 1 50%; }
.reading-assignment-chapter-selector__pages { flex: 1 1 25%; }
.reading-assignment-chapter-selector__add-or-remove { flex: 1 1 auto; }
.reading-assignment-chapter-selector__added-feedback { display: inline-block; margin: 0.5em 0px; }
.reading-assignment-chapter-selector__added-icon { fill: rgb(93, 129, 77); vertical-align: -0.1em; }
.rs-classroom .publisher-questions__export-link { margin-bottom: 0.2rem; margin-right: 1rem; }
.tutorial-banner { display: flex; padding: 0.75em 2em; background: rgb(255, 242, 225); height: auto; align-items: center; }
.tutorial-banner-text { text-align: center; flex: 1 1 0%; }
.tutorial-banner-button svg { height: 1em; }
.tutorial-banner-button svg path { stroke-width: 4px; }
.tutorial-banner:not(:first-child) { border-top: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); }
.rs-range-dropdowns { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; flex-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 1em; }
.rs-range-dropdowns .rs-dropdown { width: 42%; }
.rs-range-dropdowns-remove { align-items: flex-end; display: flex; }
.rs-range-dropdowns-remove svg { width: 2em; }
.question-mover__card { max-width: 70vw; width: 70ch; }
.question-mover__error { color: red; font-weight: 700; }
.question-mover__list { border: 1px solid; margin-top: 0.5em; max-height: 20em; overflow: auto; padding: 0.5em; }
.question-mover__question { margin-bottom: 0.5em; }
.question-mover__question-checkbox { align-items: baseline; display: flex; }
.classroom-navbar__dropdown-with-arrow { align-self: stretch; display: flex; flex-direction: column; }
.classroom-navbar__dropdown-with-arrow > .rs-navbar-dropdown-trigger { align-items: center; display: flex; flex: 1 1 0%; flex-direction: row-reverse; justify-content: flex-end; }
.classroom-navbar__dropdown-with-arrow > .rs-navbar-dropdown-trigger > svg { align-self: center; height: 0.8rem; margin-left: 0.4rem; width: 0.8rem; }
.classroom-navbar__dropdown-with-arrow > .rs-navbar-dropdown-trigger > svg:hover > path, .classroom-navbar__dropdown-with-arrow > .rs-navbar-dropdown-trigger > svg > path { fill: currentcolor; }
.classroom-navbar__divider { align-self: stretch; background-color: rgb(178, 178, 178); height: 2em; margin: 1rem 0px; width: 1px; }
.classroom-navbar__spacer { flex: 1 1 0%; }
.rs-classroom header.rs-navbar { z-index: 500; }
.classroom-impersonation-indicator { text-align: center; }
.classroom-impersonation-indicator__label { background: rgb(247, 247, 247); display: inline-block; padding: 0.5em; }
.rs-text-editor-froala strong, .user-authored-html strong { font-weight: 700; }
.rs-text-editor-froala h1, .rs-text-editor-froala h2, .rs-text-editor-froala h3, .rs-text-editor-froala h4, .rs-text-editor-froala ol, .rs-text-editor-froala p, .rs-text-editor-froala ul, .user-authored-html h1, .user-authored-html h2, .user-authored-html h3, .user-authored-html h4, .user-authored-html ol, .user-authored-html p, .user-authored-html ul { margin: 1em 0px; }
.rs-text-editor-froala ol, .rs-text-editor-froala ul, .user-authored-html ol, .user-authored-html ul { margin-left: 2em; }
.rs-text-editor-froala ul, .user-authored-html ul { list-style: disc; }
.rs-text-editor-froala ul ul, .user-authored-html ul ul { list-style: circle; }
.rs-text-editor-froala ol, .user-authored-html ol { list-style: decimal; }
.rs-text-editor-froala ol ol, .user-authored-html ol ol { list-style: lower-latin; }
.rs-text-editor-froala a:link, .user-authored-html a:link { color: rgb(2, 89, 204); }
.rs-text-editor-froala img, .user-authored-html img { max-width: 100%; }
.rs-text-editor-froala h1, .rs-text-editor-froala h2, .rs-text-editor-froala h3, .rs-text-editor-froala h4, .user-authored-html h1, .user-authored-html h2, .user-authored-html h3, .user-authored-html h4 { font-weight: 700; }
.rs-text-editor-froala h1, .user-authored-html h1 { font-size: 2em; }
.rs-text-editor-froala h2, .user-authored-html h2 { font-size: 1.75em; }
.rs-text-editor-froala h3, .user-authored-html h3 { font-size: 1.5em; }
.rs-text-editor-froala h4, .user-authored-html h4 { font-size: 1.25em; }
.rs-text-editor-froala > .fr-view > :first-child, .user-authored-html > .fr-view > :first-child { margin-top: 0px; }
.rs-text-editor-froala > .fr-view > :last-child, .user-authored-html > .fr-view > :last-child { margin-bottom: 0px; }
.display-options .description-submenu, .language .description-submenu { margin: 0px -1rem 0.5rem; }
.user-authored-html__video-aspect-ratio { –aspect-ratio:16/9; display: inline-block; max-width: 100%; position: relative; }
.user-authored-html__video-aspect-ratio::before { content: “”; display: block; padding-top: calc(100% / (var(–aspect-ratio))); }
.user-authored-html__video-aspect-ratio > iframe { display: block; height: 100%; left: 0px; max-height: 100%; max-width: 100%; position: absolute; top: 0px; width: 100%; }
.display-options { padding: 0px 1rem 1rem; color: rgb(78, 70, 68); }
.display-options-personal-view { border: 2px solid rgb(237, 237, 237); margin-bottom: 0.5rem; padding: 0.5rem; display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; font-size: 0.8rem; line-height: 1.25rem; }
.classroom-settings-setting, .keyboard-shortcuts-toggle { justify-content: space-between; line-height: 1.25rem; display: flex; }
.display-options-personal-view-label { font-size: 1rem; font-weight: 700; }
.display-options-reset { padding-top: 1.5rem; padding-bottom: 1rem; }
.keyboard-shortcuts { color: rgb(78, 70, 68); }
.keyboard-shortcuts-toggle { padding: 1.5rem; align-items: center; font-size: 0.8rem; }
.keyboard-shortcuts-toggle-label { font-size: 1rem; font-weight: 600; }
.classroom-settings { padding: 1rem 1rem 0px; color: rgb(78, 70, 68); }
.classroom-settings-setting { border: 2px solid rgb(237, 237, 237); margin-bottom: 0.5rem; padding: 0.5rem; flex-direction: column; align-items: center; font-size: 0.8rem; }
.classroom-settings-setting-label { font-size: 1rem; font-weight: 700; }
.classroom-settings-setting-description { padding-right: 0.25rem; }
.classroom-settings-setting .outer { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; }
.classroom-settings .annotation-details-color-options { padding-bottom: 0.5em; }
.announcement-banner { display: flex; padding: 0.75em 2em; background: rgb(255, 242, 225); height: auto; align-items: center; }
.announcement-banner-text { text-align: center; flex: 1 1 0%; }
.announcement-banner-button svg { height: 1em; }
.announcement-banner-button svg path { stroke-width: 4px; }
.announcement-banner:not(:first-child) { border-top: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); }
.language { padding: 0px 1rem 1rem; color: rgb(78, 70, 68); }
.language-reset { padding-top: 1.5rem; padding-bottom: 1rem; }
.spine-entry-nav-container { display: flex; position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; width: 100%; height: 100%; padding: 1em 1.625rem; z-index: 100; }
@media (max-width: 767px) {
.spine-entry-nav-container { align-items: flex-end; }
.spine-entry-nav-container .rs-tooltip { align-items: center; display: inline-flex; justify-content: center; position: relative; }
.spine-entry-nav-container .rs-tooltip:focus { box-shadow: rgba(3, 102, 180, 0.7) 0px 0px 0.15rem 0.15rem; outline: 0px; }
.spine-entry-nav-container .rs-tooltip::before { border: 6px solid transparent; content: “”; font-size: 0.75rem; height: 0px; opacity: 0; pointer-events: none; position: absolute; text-decoration: none; width: 0px; z-index: 501; }
.spine-entry-nav-container .rs-tooltip::after { bottom: initial; background-color: rgb(33, 33, 33); border-radius: 3px; color: rgb(244, 244, 244); content: attr(aria-label); font-size: 0.8125rem; font-weight: 400; opacity: 0; outline: 0px; padding: 0.25rem 0.5rem; pointer-events: none; position: absolute; white-space: pre; z-index: 501; top: -2.2rem; }
.spine-entry-nav-container .rs-tooltip:focus::after, .spine-entry-nav-container .rs-tooltip:focus::before, .spine-entry-nav-container .rs-tooltip:hover::after, .spine-entry-nav-container .rs-tooltip:hover::before { animation-delay: 0.2s; animation-duration: 0.1s; animation-fill-mode: forwards; animation-name: show-tooltip; animation-timing-function: ease-in; }
.spine-entry-nav-container .rs-tooltip::before { border-bottom-color: transparent; border-top-color: rgb(33, 33, 33); top: -0.85rem; }
}
.spine-entry-nav-container-next, .spine-entry-nav-container-previous { transition: opacity 0.3s ease 0s; cursor: pointer; display: flex; justify-content: center; pointer-events: all; box-shadow: rgb(78, 70, 68) 0px 0px 3px; background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9); border: none; padding: 0px; border-radius: 50%; width: 2.75rem; flex-shrink: 0; }
.spine-entry-nav-container-next .svg-icon > *, .spine-entry-nav-container-previous .svg-icon > * { stroke: rgb(105, 94, 92); }
.spine-entry-nav-container-next:hover:not([disabled]) .svg-icon > *, .spine-entry-nav-container-previous:hover:not([disabled]) .svg-icon > * { stroke: rgb(37, 33, 32); }
.spine-entry-nav-container-next[disabled], .spine-entry-nav-container-previous[disabled] { opacity: 0.75; cursor: not-allowed; }
.spine-entry-nav-container-next .svg-icon, .spine-entry-nav-container-previous .svg-icon { width: 100%; height: 100%; stroke-width: 0; }
.spine-entry-nav-container-next.no-spine-content, .spine-entry-nav-container-previous.no-spine-content { visibility: hidden; }
.error-back-to-shelf { display: flex; align-items: center; font-size: 1.5rem; padding: 1rem 0px 0px 1rem; }
.error-back-to-shelf svg { height: 2rem; width: 2rem; }
.error-back-to-shelf a { margin-left: 0.5rem; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); }
.error-page { width: 80%; margin: 0px auto; padding-top: 2em; }
.error-page .error-header { width: 90%; margin: 2em auto; text-align: center; }
.error-page .error-content { box-shadow: rgb(204, 204, 204) 0px 0px 5px; border-radius: 3px; padding: 1.5em; background: rgb(234, 234, 234); margin: 0px auto; width: 90%; min-height: 180px; }
.error-page .error-content .error-title { text-align: center; padding: 0.5em; width: 100%; background: rgb(247, 247, 247); font-size: 2em; font-weight: 700; border-radius: 2px; }
.error-page .error-content .error-message { margin-top: 30px; padding: 0px 10px; font-size: 1.5em; }
.error-page .error-content .error-help-desk { margin-top: 2em; padding: 0px 1em; }
.error-page .error-list, .error-page .error-list-item { list-style: outside; }
.error-page .error-list { margin-left: 2em; }
.epub-container { display: flex; flex: 1 1 0%; position: relative; }
.epub-container-outlet { display: flex; flex: 1 1 0%; }
.skip-to-content-container { background: rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0.5em; top: 0px; left: 0px; width: 100%; z-index: 100; position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); }
.skip-to-content-container a.skip-to-content-link { color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em; }
.skip-to-content-container.is-focused { clip: initial; }
.screen-reader-only { clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); height: 1px; width: 1px; overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; }
input::-webkit-input-placeholder, textarea::-webkit-input-placeholder { color: rgb(78, 70, 68); }
.question-response { display: flex; flex-direction: column; height: 100%; }
.question-response .response-detail { flex: 1 1 0%; overflow-y: auto; padding: 1rem; }
.question-response-actions { flex-shrink: 0; padding: 0.5rem; border-top: 1px solid rgb(118, 118, 118); display: flex; }
.question-response-actions > *, .submission-response-list .assignment-submission { flex: 1 1 0%; }
.question-response-actions .rs-box-link, .question-response-actions .rs-button { display: block; width: 100%; }
.question-response-action-link-container { margin: 0.5rem; }
.question-response-action-link-container:not([data-has-link]) { visibility: hidden; }
.response-detail-question__label { display: block; }
.submission-response-list { display: flex; flex-direction: column; height: 100%; }
.submission-response-list .assignment-submission > .rs-radio-group { width: 100%; display: flex; justify-content: center; padding-bottom: 0.5rem; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(118, 118, 118); }
.submission-response-list .assignment-submission > .rs-radio-group > .rs-radio-group { margin: 0px auto; }
.submission-response-list .assignment-submission-summary { padding: 0.5rem 0.5rem 0px; margin: 0px; }
.submission-response-list .assignment-submission-questions-list { flex: 1 1 0%; overflow-y: scroll; padding: 0px 0.5rem; }
.submission-response-list-actions { flex-shrink: 0; padding: 0.5rem; border-top: 1px solid rgb(118, 118, 118); }
.submission-response-list-actions .rs-box-link, .submission-response-list-actions .rs-button { display: block; width: 100%; }
.section-creation-modal { width: 30rem; }
@media screen and (max-width: 400px) {
.section-creation-modal { width: 24rem; }
}
.lofi-alert-container { position: absolute; z-index: 999999; padding: 1em; height: 100%; width: 100%; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.lofi-alert { border: 1px solid rgba(78, 70, 68, 0.2); border-radius: 3px; background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); padding: 1em; height: auto; width: auto; }
.publisher, .rs-classroom { background: rgb(237, 237, 237); }
.lofi-alert-heading { font-weight: 700; display: block; margin-bottom: 0.5em; }
.classroom-section-creation-flow__progress-steps { text-align: center; }
.classroom-section-creation-flow__summary { border-collapse: separate; border-spacing: 1em 2em; margin: 0px auto; text-align: left; }
.classroom-section-creation-flow__summary > * > tr > th { font-weight: 700; }
.classroom-section-creation-flow__error { padding-top: 0.5em; }
.rs-lockup-wrapper { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; margin: calc(var(–lockup-gutter-vertical) * -1/2) calc(var(–lockup-gutter-horizontal) * -1/2); }
.rs-lockup-wrapper[data-align=”center”] { justify-content: center; }
.rs-lockup-item { margin: calc(var(–lockup-gutter-vertical)/ 2) calc(var(–lockup-gutter-horizontal)/ 2); width: calc(var(–lockup-item-width) * 100% – var(–lockup-gutter-horizontal)); }
.rs-lockup-item.stretch-child { display: flex; flex-direction: column; }
.rs-lockup-item.stretch-child > * { flex: 1 1 0%; }
.rs-lockup-divider { align-self: stretch; opacity: 0.5; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: transparent transparent transparent currentcolor; border-image: initial; margin: 0px -1px; }
.rs-classroom { width: 100%; display: flex; flex-direction: column; }
.instructor-outlet, .student-outlet { flex: 1 1 0%; overflow: auto; position: relative; }
.rs-classroom-loading-exit { width: 12rem; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.rs-classroom .rs-navbar-dropdown-container { width: auto; }
.taller-card-title { height: 4rem; line-height: 4rem; }
.spaced-down-button { margin-top: 1rem; }
.instructor-outlet { overflow-y: auto; padding: 1rem 0px; margin: 0px auto; height: 100%; width: 100%; background: rgb(244, 244, 244); }
.instructor-outlet-content { margin: 0px auto; width: 90%; max-width: 1440px; }
@media (max-width: 480px) {
.instructor-outlet-content { width: 98%; }
}
.instructor-nav { width: 100%; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); display: flex; justify-content: space-between; }
.instructor-nav .navbar-items { padding: 1rem; }
.instructor-nav .navbar-brand { display: flex; align-items: center; }
.instructor-nav .navbar-brand svg { height: 2rem; width: auto; }
.instructor-nav a { color: rgb(59, 59, 59); font-weight: 600; text-decoration: none; }
.instructor-nav a:not(:last-of-type) { margin-right: 1rem; }
.instructor-nav a:hover { text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); }
.instructor-nav a.active { color: rgb(2, 89, 204); }
.student-outlet { overflow-y: auto; padding: 1rem 0px; margin: 0px auto; height: 100%; width: 100%; background: rgb(244, 244, 244); }
.student-outlet-content { margin: 0px auto; width: 90%; max-width: 1440px; }
@media (max-width: 480px) {
.student-outlet-content { width: 98%; }
}
.student-nav { width: 100%; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); display: flex; justify-content: space-between; }
.student-nav .navbar-items { padding: 1rem; }
.student-nav .navbar-brand { display: flex; align-items: center; }
.student-nav .navbar-brand svg { height: 2rem; width: auto; }
.student-nav a { color: rgb(59, 59, 59); font-weight: 600; text-decoration: none; }
.student-nav a:not(:last-of-type) { margin-right: 1rem; }
.student-nav a:hover { text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); }
.student-nav a.active { color: rgb(2, 89, 204); }
.publisher-outlet { flex: 1 1 0%; padding: 1rem 0px; margin: 0px auto; height: 100%; width: 100%; overflow: auto; position: relative; background: rgb(244, 244, 244); }
.publisher-outlet-content { margin: 0px auto; width: 90%; max-width: 1440px; }
@media (max-width: 480px) {
.publisher-outlet-content { width: 98%; }
}
.publisher-nav { width: 100%; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); display: flex; justify-content: space-between; }
.publisher-nav .navbar-items { padding: 1rem; }
.publisher-nav .navbar-brand { display: flex; align-items: center; }
.publisher-nav .navbar-brand svg { height: 2rem; width: auto; }
.publisher-nav a { color: rgb(59, 59, 59); font-weight: 600; text-decoration: none; }
.instructor-assignments-table .instructor-assignments-table__header .active-sort-field, .publisher-instructor-invitation-revoke-button, .publisher-nav a:hover, .rs-table-header .rs-table-header-row .table-header-sortable.active-sort-field { text-decoration: underline; }
.publisher-nav a:not(:last-of-type) { margin-right: 1rem; }
.publisher-nav a:hover { color: rgb(0, 0, 0); }
.publisher-nav a.active { color: rgb(2, 89, 204); }
.course-materials-header { margin: 0px auto 1rem; }
.course-materials-header .rs-box-link.flat, .course-materials-header > .flat.rs-box-link, .course-materials-header > .rs-button.flat { background: 0px 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0.5rem; display: inline-block; }
.course-materials-header .rs-box-link.flat:focus, .course-materials-header .rs-box-link.flat:hover, .course-materials-header > .flat.rs-box-link:focus, .course-materials-header > .flat.rs-box-link:hover, .course-materials-header > .rs-button.flat:focus, .course-materials-header > .rs-button.flat:hover { background: 0px 0px; }
.course-materials-main { margin: 0px auto; }
.course-materials .rsc-header { margin: 0px auto 1rem; }
.course-materials .rsc-header .rs-box-link.flat, .course-materials .rsc-header > .flat.rs-box-link, .course-materials .rsc-header > .rs-button.flat { background: 0px 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0.5rem; display: inline-block; }
.course-materials .rsc-header .rs-box-link.flat:focus, .course-materials .rsc-header .rs-box-link.flat:hover, .course-materials .rsc-header > .flat.rs-box-link:focus, .course-materials .rsc-header > .flat.rs-box-link:hover, .course-materials .rsc-header > .rs-button.flat:focus, .course-materials .rsc-header > .rs-button.flat:hover { background: 0px 0px; }
.course-materials .rsc-complementary { margin: 0px auto; display: flex; justify-content: space-between; }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.error-content { font-size: 0.65em; }
.course-materials .rsc-complementary { flex-flow: column wrap; }
}
.course-materials .rsc-complementary .rs-card { flex: 1 1 0%; display: flex; flex-direction: column; margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.course-materials .rsc-complementary .rs-card-content { flex: 1 1 0%; }
.course-materials .rsc-complementary .rs-card:first-of-type { margin-right: 0.5rem; }
.course-materials .rsc-complementary .rs-card:last-of-type { margin-left: 0.5rem; }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.course-materials .rsc-complementary .rs-card:first-of-type { margin-right: 0px; }
.course-materials .rsc-complementary .rs-card:last-of-type { margin-left: 0px; }
.course-materials-main-container.rs-card { width: 100%; border: none; }
}
.course-materials .rsc-complementary .rs-card-actions .rs-box-link, .course-materials .rsc-complementary .rs-card-actions .rs-button { width: 100%; }
.course-materials .rsc-main { margin: 0px auto; }
.course-materials-main-container-content { display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: center; margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.course-materials-main-item.rs-card { padding-bottom: 0px; margin: 1rem 0px 0px; max-width: 768px; }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.course-materials-main-item.rs-card { width: 100%; margin: 0px; }
.course-materials-main-item.rs-card:not(:last-of-type) { margin-bottom: 0.5rem; }
.course-materials-main-item-content.rs-card-content { display: flex; flex-direction: column; }
}
.course-materials-main-item-title.rs-card-title.divider { margin-bottom: 0px; }
.course-materials-main-item-content { display: flex; }
.course-materials-main-item-content-cover, .course-materials-main-item-content-links, .course-materials-main-item-content-publisher, .course-materials-main-item-content-questions { display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: center; justify-content: center; }
.course-materials-main-item-content-cover:not(:last-of-type), .course-materials-main-item-content-links:not(:last-of-type), .course-materials-main-item-content-publisher:not(:last-of-type), .course-materials-main-item-content-questions:not(:last-of-type) { border-right: 1px solid rgb(118, 118, 118); }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.course-materials-main-item-content-cover:not(:last-of-type), .course-materials-main-item-content-links:not(:last-of-type), .course-materials-main-item-content-publisher:not(:last-of-type), .course-materials-main-item-content-questions:not(:last-of-type) { border-right: none; }
}
.course-materials-main-item-content-questions, .rsc-complementary .enrollments-metrics > div:not(:last-of-type), .rsc-instructor-enrollment .rsc-complementary .enrollment-metrics > div:not(:last-of-type), .rsc-instructor-enrollment .rsc-complementary .enrollment-results .split-scores-class:not(:last-of-type), .rsc-instructor-enrollment .rsc-complementary .enrollment-results .split-scores-individual:not(:last-of-type), .rsc-instructor-enrollment-assignment .rsc-complementary .enrollment-assignment-metrics > div:not(:last-of-type), .rsc-instructor-enrollment-assignment .rsc-complementary .enrollment-assignment-scores .split-scores-class:not(:last-of-type), .rsc-instructor-enrollment-assignment .rsc-complementary .enrollment-assignment-scores .split-scores-individual:not(:last-of-type), .rsc-instructor-reading-assignment .rsc-complementary .assignment-metrics > div:not(:last-of-type), .rsc-instructor-reading-assignments .rsc-complementary .assignments-metrics > div:not(:last-of-type), .rsc-student-dashboard .assignment-info .assignment-details:not(:last-of-type), .rsc-student-dashboard .split-scores .split-scores-class:not(:last-of-type), .rsc-student-dashboard .split-scores .split-scores-individual:not(:last-of-type), .rsc-student-previous-assignment .rsc-complementary .previous-assignment-metrics > div:not(:last-of-type), .rsc-student-previous-assignment .rsc-complementary .previous-assignment-scores .split-scores-class:not(:last-of-type), .rsc-student-previous-assignment .rsc-complementary .previous-assignment-scores .split-scores-individual:not(:last-of-type), .rsc-student-previous-assignments .rsc-complementary .previous-assignments-metrics > div:not(:last-of-type), .rsc-student-previous-assignments .rsc-complementary .previous-assignments-scores .split-scores-class:not(:last-of-type), .rsc-student-previous-assignments .rsc-complementary .previous-assignments-scores .split-scores-individual:not(:last-of-type) { border-right: 1px solid rgb(118, 118, 118); }
.course-materials-main-item-content-cover { padding: 1rem 0px; }
.course-materials-main-item-content-cover-thumbnail { flex: 0 0 5.5em; height: 5.5em; width: 5.5em; border-radius: 50%; background-position: center center; background-size: cover; border: 1px solid rgb(118, 118, 118); }
.course-materials-main-item-content-publisher { flex: 1 1 0%; padding: 1rem; }
.course-materials-main-item-content-publisher-icon { max-height: 90px; max-width: 160px; }
.course-materials-main-item-content-questions { text-align: center; flex: 1 1 0%; padding: 1rem; }
.course-materials-main-item-content-questions-value { line-height: 1.75rem; font-weight: 800; }
.course-materials-main-item-content-links { padding: 1rem; }
.course-materials-main-item-content-links .rs-box-link { width: 100%; margin: 0px; }
.course-materials-main-item-content-links .rs-box-link:first-of-type { margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.course-material-header { margin: 0px auto 1rem; }
.course-material-header .rs-box-link.flat, .course-material-header > .flat.rs-box-link, .course-material-header > .rs-button.flat { background: 0px 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0.5rem; display: inline-block; }
.course-material-header .rs-box-link.flat:focus, .course-material-header .rs-box-link.flat:hover, .course-material-header > .flat.rs-box-link:focus, .course-material-header > .flat.rs-box-link:hover, .course-material-header > .rs-button.flat:focus, .course-material-header > .rs-button.flat:hover { background: 0px 0px; }
.course-material-main { margin: 0px auto; }
.course-material .rsc-header { margin: 0px auto 1rem; }
.course-material .rsc-header .rs-box-link.flat, .course-material .rsc-header > .flat.rs-box-link, .course-material .rsc-header > .rs-button.flat { background: 0px 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0.5rem; display: inline-block; }
.course-material .rsc-header .rs-box-link.flat:focus, .course-material .rsc-header .rs-box-link.flat:hover, .course-material .rsc-header > .flat.rs-box-link:focus, .course-material .rsc-header > .flat.rs-box-link:hover, .course-material .rsc-header > .rs-button.flat:focus, .course-material .rsc-header > .rs-button.flat:hover { background: 0px 0px; }
.course-material .rsc-complementary { margin: 0px auto; display: flex; justify-content: space-between; }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.course-material .rsc-complementary { flex-flow: column wrap; }
}
.course-material .rsc-complementary .rs-card { flex: 1 1 0%; display: flex; flex-direction: column; margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.course-material .rsc-complementary .rs-card-content { flex: 1 1 0%; }
.course-material .rsc-complementary .rs-card:first-of-type { margin-right: 0.5rem; }
.course-material .rsc-complementary .rs-card:last-of-type { margin-left: 0.5rem; }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.course-material .rsc-complementary .rs-card:first-of-type { margin-right: 0px; }
.course-material .rsc-complementary .rs-card:last-of-type { margin-left: 0px; }
}
.course-material .rsc-complementary .rs-card-actions .rs-box-link, .course-material .rsc-complementary .rs-card-actions .rs-button { width: 100%; }
.course-material .rsc-main { margin: 0px auto; }
.course-material-main-create-button-wrapper { display: flex; justify-content: flex-end; margin-bottom: 2rem; }
.course-material-main-owner-indicator { background-color: rgb(251, 252, 254); border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(118, 118, 118); height: 2.25rem; line-height: 2.25rem; font-weight: 600; color: rgb(59, 59, 59); padding: 0px 0.6875rem; }
.course-material-main-ordered-list { display: block; padding: 0.875rem; list-style-type: decimal; list-style-position: inside; }
.course-material-main-ordered-list-item { margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.course-material-main-empty-state { text-align: center; padding: 1rem 0px 5rem; color: rgb(59, 59, 59); }
.course-material-main-empty-state-first-line { margin-bottom: 2rem; }
.classroom-instructor-reading-assignment-comprehension-options, .classroom-instructor-reading-assignment-comprehension-options-filters, .classroom-instructor-reading-assignment-comprehension-options-view-type { margin-bottom: 1rem; display: flex; }
.reading-assignment-details > .summary-container { display: flex; flex-grow: 1; padding: 1.25rem; align-items: center; }
.reading-assignment-details > .summary-container > .material-image > img { border-radius: 50%; height: 4rem; width: 4rem; }
.reading-assignment-details > .summary-container > .detail-text { display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; padding-left: 1.25rem; }
.reading-assignment-details > .summary-container > .detail-text > .detail-text-dates { display: flex; }
.reading-assignment-details > .summary-container > .detail-text > .detail-text-dates > :first-child { margin-right: 2rem; }
.classroom-instructor-reading-assignment-comprehension-options { flex-wrap: wrap; justify-content: space-between; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(178, 178, 178); }
.classroom-instructor-reading-assignment-comprehension-options-filters .rs-input { margin-right: 1rem; }
.classroom-instructor-reading-assignment-comprehension-options-view-type .active.rs-box-link svg path, .classroom-instructor-reading-assignment-comprehension-options-view-type .rs-button.active svg path { fill: rgb(2, 89, 204); outline: rgb(2, 89, 204); }
.classroom-instructor-reading-assignment-comprehension-questions-grid { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; margin: 0px auto; justify-content: space-between; }
.classroom-instructor-reading-assignment-comprehension-questions-grid::after { content: “”; width: 32%; }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.classroom-instructor-reading-assignment-comprehension-questions-grid { justify-content: space-around; }
}
.classroom-instructor-reading-assignment-comprehension-questions-grid-no-results { width: 100%; padding: 2rem; text-align: center; }
.classroom-instructor-reading-assignment-comprehension-questions-table-export, .classroom-instructor-reading-assignment-student-outcomes-table-export { text-align: right; }
.classroom-instructor-reading-assignment-comprehension-questions-grid-results-message { display: flex; justify-content: center; padding: 2rem; margin-bottom: 1rem; border: 1px solid rgb(118, 118, 118); }
.classroom-instructor-reading-assignment-comprehension-questions-grid .rs-card { margin-bottom: 1rem; width: 32%; max-width: 24rem; }
@media (max-width: 1024px) {
.classroom-instructor-reading-assignment-comprehension-questions-grid .rs-card { width: 48%; }
}
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.classroom-instructor-reading-assignment-comprehension-questions-grid .rs-card { width: 80%; }
}
@media (max-width: 480px) {
.classroom-instructor-reading-assignment-comprehension-questions-grid .rs-card { width: 100%; }
}
.classroom-instructor-reading-assignment-comprehension-questions-grid .rs-card-content { max-height: 360px; overflow-y: auto; }
.classroom-instructor-reading-assignment-comprehension-questions-table { margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.classroom-instructor-reading-assignment-student-outcomes-filters { display: flex; padding-bottom: 1rem; }
.classroom-instructor-reading-assignment-student-outcomes-filters .rs-input { max-width: 13.75rem; padding-right: 0.5rem; }
.classroom-instructor-reading-assignment-student-outcomes-table { margin-bottom: 1rem; width: 100%; }
.classroom-instructor-reading-assignment-student-outcomes-results-message { display: flex; justify-content: center; padding: 2rem; margin-bottom: 1rem; border: 1px solid rgb(118, 118, 118); }
.add-assignment-dropdown__item svg { padding-bottom: 5px; margin-bottom: -8px; }
.add-assignment-dropdown__container a { cursor: pointer; }
.small-icon-button.icon.rs-box-link svg, .small-icon-button.rs-button.icon svg { height: 16px; width: 16px; }
.small-icon-button.icon.eyeball.rs-box-link svg, .small-icon-button.rs-button.icon.eyeball svg { height: 22px; width: 20px; padding-top: 2px; }
.rs-table-cell.rs-table-body-cell.selected-assignment-row__title { padding-top: 5px; }
svg > path.never-fill, svg > path.never-fill:hover { fill: none !important; }
.select-assignment-dropdown-section { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; }
.select-assignment-dropdown-section .rs-dropdown { width: 85%; }
.select-assignment-dropdown-section .icon.rs-box-link, .select-assignment-dropdown-section .rs-button.icon { max-height: 30px; align-self: flex-end; margin-right: 20px; }
.rsc-instructor-enrollment .rsc-complementary .enrollment-metrics .delta-value, .rsc-instructor-enrollment .rsc-complementary .enrollment-metrics .enrollment-annotations > span, .rsc-instructor-enrollment .rsc-complementary .enrollment-metrics .enrollment-minutes > span, .rsc-instructor-enrollment-assignment .rsc-complementary .enrollment-assignment-metrics .assignment-annotations > span, .rsc-instructor-enrollment-assignment .rsc-complementary .enrollment-assignment-metrics .assignment-minutes > span, .rsc-instructor-enrollment-assignment .rsc-complementary .enrollment-assignment-metrics .delta-value { align-self: center; }
.assignment-transfer-details__question .rs-loading-content { max-height: 12px; text-align: center; }
.assignment-transfer-confirmation__warning { color: rgb(168, 11, 9); }
.transfer-assignment-modal .rs-modal-content { width: 500px; min-height: 235px; max-width: 100%; }
.transfer-assignment-modal .rs-modal-content strong { font-weight: 700; }
.transfer-assignment-modal .rs-modal-content ul { list-style-type: disc; list-style-position: inside; }
.transfer-assignment-modal .rs-modal-content ul li { margin-left: 5px; }
.transfer-assignment-modal .rs-modal-content .loading-content__flex-container { width: 100%; height: 60px; display: flex; justify-content: center; }
.transfer-assignment-modal .rs-modal-content .rs-card-content { min-height: 90px; }
.rsc-instructor-enrollment-assignment .responses-grid .rs-card-content, .rsc-student-previous-assignment .responses-grid .rs-card-content { max-height: 360px; overflow-y: auto; }
.rsc-student-dashboard-header { margin: 0px auto 1rem; }
.rsc-student-dashboard-header .rs-box-link.flat, .rsc-student-dashboard-header > .flat.rs-box-link, .rsc-student-dashboard-header > .rs-button.flat { background: 0px 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0.5rem; display: inline-block; }
.rsc-student-dashboard-header .rs-box-link.flat:focus, .rsc-student-dashboard-header .rs-box-link.flat:hover, .rsc-student-dashboard-header > .flat.rs-box-link:focus, .rsc-student-dashboard-header > .flat.rs-box-link:hover, .rsc-student-dashboard-header > .rs-button.flat:focus, .rsc-student-dashboard-header > .rs-button.flat:hover { background: 0px 0px; }
.rsc-student-dashboard-main { margin: 0px auto; }
.rsc-student-dashboard .rsc-header { margin: 0px auto 1rem; }
.rsc-student-dashboard .rsc-header .rs-box-link.flat, .rsc-student-dashboard .rsc-header > .flat.rs-box-link, .rsc-student-dashboard .rsc-header > .rs-button.flat { background: 0px 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0.5rem; display: inline-block; }
.rsc-student-dashboard .rsc-header .rs-box-link.flat:focus, .rsc-student-dashboard .rsc-header .rs-box-link.flat:hover, .rsc-student-dashboard .rsc-header > .flat.rs-box-link:focus, .rsc-student-dashboard .rsc-header > .flat.rs-box-link:hover, .rsc-student-dashboard .rsc-header > .rs-button.flat:focus, .rsc-student-dashboard .rsc-header > .rs-button.flat:hover { background: 0px 0px; }
.rsc-student-dashboard .rsc-complementary { margin: 0px auto; display: flex; justify-content: space-between; }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.rsc-student-dashboard .rsc-complementary { flex-flow: column wrap; }
}
.rsc-student-dashboard .rsc-complementary .rs-card { flex: 1 1 0%; display: flex; flex-direction: column; margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.rsc-student-dashboard .rsc-complementary .rs-card-content { flex: 1 1 0%; }
.rsc-student-dashboard .rsc-complementary .rs-card:first-of-type { margin-right: 0.5rem; }
.rsc-student-dashboard .rsc-complementary .rs-card:last-of-type { margin-left: 0.5rem; }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.rsc-student-dashboard .rsc-complementary .rs-card:first-of-type { margin-right: 0px; }
.rsc-student-dashboard .rsc-complementary .rs-card:last-of-type { margin-left: 0px; }
}
.rsc-student-dashboard .rsc-complementary .rs-card-actions .rs-box-link, .rsc-student-dashboard .rsc-complementary .rs-card-actions .rs-button { width: 100%; }
.rsc-student-dashboard .rsc-main { margin: 0px auto; }
.rsc-student-dashboard .assignment-featured { display: flex; align-items: center; margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.rsc-student-dashboard .assignment-featured .featured-thumbnail { margin-right: 1rem; }
.rsc-student-dashboard .assignment-featured .featured-image { display: block; flex: 0 0 5.5em; height: 5.5em; width: 5.5em; border-radius: 50%; background-position: center center; background-size: cover; border: 1px solid rgb(118, 118, 118); }
.rsc-student-dashboard .assignment-featured strong { font-weight: 600; }
.rsc-student-dashboard .assignment-info { display: flex; justify-content: center; margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.rsc-student-dashboard .assignment-info .assignment-details { flex: 1 1 0%; padding: 1rem; text-align: center; }
.rsc-student-dashboard .assignment-info .assignment-details-value { line-height: 1.75rem; font-weight: 800; }
.rsc-student-dashboard .assignment-info .assignment-error { font-size: 0.9rem; }
.rsc-student-dashboard .split-scores { display: flex; justify-content: center; }
@media (max-width: 480px) {
.rsc-student-dashboard .split-scores { flex-direction: column; }
.rsc-student-dashboard .split-scores .split-scores-class:not(:last-of-type), .rsc-student-dashboard .split-scores .split-scores-individual:not(:last-of-type) { border-right: 0px; }
}
.rsc-student-dashboard .split-scores .split-scores-class, .rsc-student-dashboard .split-scores .split-scores-individual { padding: 0.5rem 3rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: center; text-align: center; flex: 1 1 0%; }
.rsc-student-dashboard .split-scores .split-scores-class-heading, .rsc-student-dashboard .split-scores .split-scores-individual-heading { margin-bottom: 0.5rem; }
.rsc-student-dashboard .material-title.rs-card-title.divider { margin-bottom: 0px; }
.rsc-student-dashboard .material-card { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(118, 118, 118); align-items: center; }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.rsc-student-dashboard .split-scores .split-scores-class, .rsc-student-dashboard .split-scores .split-scores-individual { padding: 0.5rem 1rem; }
.rsc-student-dashboard .material-card { flex-direction: column; align-items: initial; }
}
.rsc-student-dashboard .material-card:last-of-type { border-bottom: 0px; }
.rsc-student-dashboard .material-button { min-width: 12rem; margin: 0.5rem 0px; }
.rsc-student-dashboard .data-none { display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: center; padding-top: 1rem; }
.rsc-student-dashboard .data-none-text { font-weight: 600; color: rgb(118, 118, 118); padding-top: 1rem; }
.rsc-student-dashboard .data-none svg { fill: rgb(118, 118, 118); height: 4rem; width: 4rem; }
.rsc-student-previous-assignment-header { margin: 0px auto 1rem; }
.rsc-student-previous-assignment-header .rs-box-link.flat, .rsc-student-previous-assignment-header > .flat.rs-box-link, .rsc-student-previous-assignment-header > .rs-button.flat { background: 0px 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0.5rem; display: inline-block; }
.rsc-student-previous-assignment-header .rs-box-link.flat:focus, .rsc-student-previous-assignment-header .rs-box-link.flat:hover, .rsc-student-previous-assignment-header > .flat.rs-box-link:focus, .rsc-student-previous-assignment-header > .flat.rs-box-link:hover, .rsc-student-previous-assignment-header > .rs-button.flat:focus, .rsc-student-previous-assignment-header > .rs-button.flat:hover { background: 0px 0px; }
.rsc-student-previous-assignment-main { margin: 0px auto; }
.rsc-student-previous-assignment .rsc-header { margin: 0px auto 1rem; }
.rsc-student-previous-assignment .rsc-header .rs-box-link.flat, .rsc-student-previous-assignment .rsc-header > .flat.rs-box-link, .rsc-student-previous-assignment .rsc-header > .rs-button.flat { background: 0px 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0.5rem; display: inline-block; }
.rsc-student-previous-assignment .rsc-header .rs-box-link.flat:focus, .rsc-student-previous-assignment .rsc-header .rs-box-link.flat:hover, .rsc-student-previous-assignment .rsc-header > .flat.rs-box-link:focus, .rsc-student-previous-assignment .rsc-header > .flat.rs-box-link:hover, .rsc-student-previous-assignment .rsc-header > .rs-button.flat:focus, .rsc-student-previous-assignment .rsc-header > .rs-button.flat:hover { background: 0px 0px; }
.rsc-student-previous-assignment .rsc-complementary { margin: 0px auto; display: flex; justify-content: space-between; }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.rsc-student-previous-assignment .rsc-complementary { flex-flow: column wrap; }
}
.rsc-student-previous-assignment .rsc-complementary .rs-card { flex: 1 1 0%; display: flex; flex-direction: column; margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.rsc-student-previous-assignment .rsc-complementary .rs-card-content { flex: 1 1 0%; }
.rsc-student-previous-assignment .rsc-complementary .rs-card:first-of-type { margin-right: 0.5rem; }
.rsc-student-previous-assignment .rsc-complementary .rs-card:last-of-type { margin-left: 0.5rem; }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.rsc-student-previous-assignment .rsc-complementary .rs-card:first-of-type { margin-right: 0px; }
.rsc-student-previous-assignment .rsc-complementary .rs-card:last-of-type { margin-left: 0px; }
}
.rsc-student-previous-assignment .rsc-complementary .rs-card-actions .rs-box-link, .rsc-student-previous-assignment .rsc-complementary .rs-card-actions .rs-button { width: 100%; }
.rsc-student-previous-assignment .rsc-main { margin: 0px auto; }
.rsc-student-previous-assignment .rsc-complementary .previous-assignment-metrics { display: flex; }
.rsc-student-previous-assignment .rsc-complementary .previous-assignment-metrics > div { display: flex; flex-direction: column; justify-content: center; height: 100%; flex: 1 1 0%; }
.rsc-student-previous-assignment .rsc-complementary .previous-assignment-metrics > div > div { text-align: center; }
.rsc-student-previous-assignment .rsc-complementary .previous-assignment-metrics > div > div:nth-of-type(2) { font-family: “Source Sans Pro”, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1.5625rem; line-height: 1.75rem; font-weight: 800; }
.rsc-student-previous-assignment .rsc-complementary .previous-assignment-scores { display: flex; justify-content: center; }
@media (max-width: 480px) {
.rsc-student-previous-assignment .rsc-complementary .previous-assignment-scores { flex-direction: column; }
.rsc-student-previous-assignment .rsc-complementary .previous-assignment-scores .split-scores-class:not(:last-of-type), .rsc-student-previous-assignment .rsc-complementary .previous-assignment-scores .split-scores-individual:not(:last-of-type) { border-right: 0px; }
}
.rsc-student-previous-assignment .rsc-complementary .previous-assignment-scores .split-scores-class, .rsc-student-previous-assignment .rsc-complementary .previous-assignment-scores .split-scores-individual { padding: 0.5rem 3rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: center; text-align: center; flex: 1 1 0%; }
.rsc-student-previous-assignment .rsc-complementary .previous-assignment-scores .split-scores-class-heading, .rsc-student-previous-assignment .rsc-complementary .previous-assignment-scores .split-scores-individual-heading { margin-bottom: 0.5rem; }
.rsc-student-previous-assignment .options, .rsc-student-previous-assignment .options-filters, .rsc-student-previous-assignment .options-view-type { margin-bottom: 1rem; display: flex; }
.rsc-student-previous-assignment .options { flex-wrap: wrap; justify-content: space-between; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(178, 178, 178); }
.rsc-student-previous-assignment .options-filters .rs-input { margin-right: 1rem; }
.rsc-student-previous-assignment .options-view-type .active.rs-box-link svg path, .rsc-student-previous-assignment .options-view-type .rs-button.active svg path { fill: rgb(2, 89, 204); outline: rgb(2, 89, 204); }
.rsc-student-previous-assignment .responses-grid { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; margin: 0px auto; justify-content: space-between; }
.rsc-student-previous-assignment .responses-grid::after { content: “”; width: 32%; }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.rsc-student-previous-assignment .rsc-complementary .previous-assignment-scores .split-scores-class, .rsc-student-previous-assignment .rsc-complementary .previous-assignment-scores .split-scores-individual { padding: 0.5rem 1rem; }
.rsc-student-previous-assignment .responses-grid { justify-content: space-around; }
}
.rsc-student-previous-assignment .responses-grid-no-results { width: 100%; padding: 2rem; text-align: center; }
.rsc-student-previous-assignment .responses-grid .rs-card { margin-bottom: 1rem; width: 32%; max-width: 24rem; }
@media (max-width: 1024px) {
.rsc-student-previous-assignment .responses-grid .rs-card { width: 48%; }
}
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.rsc-student-previous-assignment .responses-grid .rs-card { width: 80%; }
}
.instructor-course-material-question .rsc-complementary .rs-card-actions .rs-box-link, .instructor-course-material-question .rsc-complementary .rs-card-actions .rs-button, .rsc-instructor-dashboard .rsc-complementary .rs-card-actions .rs-box-link, .rsc-instructor-dashboard .rsc-complementary .rs-card-actions .rs-button, .rsc-instructor-dashboard .rsc-main .rs-card-actions .rs-box-link, .rsc-instructor-dashboard .rsc-main .rs-card-actions .rs-button, .rsc-instructor-enrollment .rsc-complementary .rs-card-actions .rs-box-link, .rsc-instructor-enrollment .rsc-complementary .rs-card-actions .rs-button, .rsc-instructor-enrollment-assignment .rsc-complementary .rs-card-actions .rs-box-link, .rsc-instructor-enrollment-assignment .rsc-complementary .rs-card-actions .rs-button, .rsc-instructor-enrollments .rsc-complementary .rs-card-actions .rs-box-link, .rsc-instructor-enrollments .rsc-complementary .rs-card-actions .rs-button, .rsc-instructor-reading-assignment .rsc-complementary .rs-card-actions .rs-box-link, .rsc-instructor-reading-assignment .rsc-complementary .rs-card-actions .rs-button, .rsc-instructor-reading-assignments .rsc-complementary .rs-card-actions .rs-box-link, .rsc-instructor-reading-assignments .rsc-complementary .rs-card-actions .rs-button, .rsc-student-previous-assignments .rsc-complementary .rs-card-actions .rs-box-link, .rsc-student-previous-assignments .rsc-complementary .rs-card-actions .rs-button { width: 100%; }
.rsc-student-previous-assignment .responses-table { margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.rsc-student-previous-assignment .responses-table-export { text-align: right; }
.rsc-student-previous-assignments-header { margin: 0px auto 1rem; }
.rsc-student-previous-assignments-header .rs-box-link.flat, .rsc-student-previous-assignments-header > .flat.rs-box-link, .rsc-student-previous-assignments-header > .rs-button.flat { background: 0px 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0.5rem; display: inline-block; }
.rsc-student-previous-assignments-header .rs-box-link.flat:focus, .rsc-student-previous-assignments-header .rs-box-link.flat:hover, .rsc-student-previous-assignments-header > .flat.rs-box-link:focus, .rsc-student-previous-assignments-header > .flat.rs-box-link:hover, .rsc-student-previous-assignments-header > .rs-button.flat:focus, .rsc-student-previous-assignments-header > .rs-button.flat:hover { background: 0px 0px; }
.rsc-student-previous-assignments-main { margin: 0px auto; }
.rsc-student-previous-assignments .rsc-header { margin: 0px auto 1rem; }
.rsc-student-previous-assignments .rsc-header .rs-box-link.flat, .rsc-student-previous-assignments .rsc-header > .flat.rs-box-link, .rsc-student-previous-assignments .rsc-header > .rs-button.flat { background: 0px 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0.5rem; display: inline-block; }
.rsc-student-previous-assignments .rsc-header .rs-box-link.flat:focus, .rsc-student-previous-assignments .rsc-header .rs-box-link.flat:hover, .rsc-student-previous-assignments .rsc-header > .flat.rs-box-link:focus, .rsc-student-previous-assignments .rsc-header > .flat.rs-box-link:hover, .rsc-student-previous-assignments .rsc-header > .rs-button.flat:focus, .rsc-student-previous-assignments .rsc-header > .rs-button.flat:hover { background: 0px 0px; }
.rsc-student-previous-assignments .rsc-complementary { margin: 0px auto; display: flex; justify-content: space-between; }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.rsc-student-previous-assignments .rsc-complementary { flex-flow: column wrap; }
}
.rsc-student-previous-assignments .rsc-complementary .rs-card { flex: 1 1 0%; display: flex; flex-direction: column; margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.rsc-student-previous-assignments .rsc-complementary .rs-card-content { flex: 1 1 0%; }
.rsc-student-previous-assignments .rsc-complementary .rs-card:first-of-type { margin-right: 0.5rem; }
.rsc-student-previous-assignments .rsc-complementary .rs-card:last-of-type { margin-left: 0.5rem; }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.rsc-student-previous-assignments .rsc-complementary .rs-card:first-of-type { margin-right: 0px; }
.rsc-student-previous-assignments .rsc-complementary .rs-card:last-of-type { margin-left: 0px; }
}
.rsc-student-previous-assignments .rsc-main { margin: 0px auto; }
.rsc-student-previous-assignments .rsc-complementary .previous-assignments-metrics { display: flex; }
.rsc-student-previous-assignments .rsc-complementary .previous-assignments-metrics > div { display: flex; flex-direction: column; justify-content: center; height: 100%; flex: 1 1 0%; }
.rsc-student-previous-assignments .rsc-complementary .previous-assignments-metrics > div > div { text-align: center; }
.rsc-student-previous-assignments .rsc-complementary .previous-assignments-metrics > div > div:nth-of-type(2) { font-family: “Source Sans Pro”, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1.5625rem; line-height: 1.75rem; font-weight: 800; }
.rsc-student-previous-assignments .rsc-complementary .previous-assignments-scores { display: flex; justify-content: center; }
@media (max-width: 480px) {
.rsc-student-previous-assignment .responses-grid .rs-card { width: 100%; }
.rsc-student-previous-assignments .rsc-complementary .previous-assignments-scores { flex-direction: column; }
.rsc-student-previous-assignments .rsc-complementary .previous-assignments-scores .split-scores-class:not(:last-of-type), .rsc-student-previous-assignments .rsc-complementary .previous-assignments-scores .split-scores-individual:not(:last-of-type) { border-right: 0px; }
}
.rsc-student-previous-assignments .rsc-complementary .previous-assignments-scores .split-scores-class, .rsc-student-previous-assignments .rsc-complementary .previous-assignments-scores .split-scores-individual { padding: 0.5rem 3rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: center; text-align: center; flex: 1 1 0%; }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.rsc-student-previous-assignments .rsc-complementary .previous-assignments-scores .split-scores-class, .rsc-student-previous-assignments .rsc-complementary .previous-assignments-scores .split-scores-individual { padding: 0.5rem 1rem; }
}
.rsc-student-previous-assignments .rsc-complementary .previous-assignments-scores .split-scores-class-heading, .rsc-student-previous-assignments .rsc-complementary .previous-assignments-scores .split-scores-individual-heading { margin-bottom: 0.5rem; }
.rsc-student-previous-assignments .completed-chart { margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.rsc-student-previous-assignments .chart-empty { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; line-height: 1.75rem; padding: 1.25rem; color: rgb(118, 118, 118); white-space: normal; text-align: center; }
.rs-classroom .instructor-stats-box { text-align: center; }
.rs-classroom .instructor-stats-box__value { font-size: 2rem; font-weight: 700; }
.rs-classroom .instructor-stats-box__delta-label { font-size: 0.7em; opacity: 0.7; }
.rs-classroom .rs-action-link { display: inline-block; margin-right: 0px; vertical-align: middle; }
.rs-classroom .rs-button-like–stretched { display: block; flex: 1 1 0%; text-align: center; }
.rs-classroom .stroked path, .rs-classroom :active .stroked path, .rs-classroom :focus .stroked path, .rs-classroom :hover .stroked path { fill: none; stroke-width: 2.5px; }
.rs-classroom .rs-input-date .detail-text.help-text { display: none; }
.rsc-instructor-dashboard-header { margin: 0px auto 1rem; }
.rsc-instructor-dashboard-header .rs-box-link.flat, .rsc-instructor-dashboard-header > .flat.rs-box-link, .rsc-instructor-dashboard-header > .rs-button.flat { background: 0px 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0.5rem; display: inline-block; }
.rsc-instructor-dashboard-header .rs-box-link.flat:focus, .rsc-instructor-dashboard-header .rs-box-link.flat:hover, .rsc-instructor-dashboard-header > .flat.rs-box-link:focus, .rsc-instructor-dashboard-header > .flat.rs-box-link:hover, .rsc-instructor-dashboard-header > .rs-button.flat:focus, .rsc-instructor-dashboard-header > .rs-button.flat:hover { background: 0px 0px; }
.rsc-instructor-dashboard-main { margin: 0px auto; }
.rsc-instructor-dashboard .rsc-header { margin: 0px auto 1rem; }
.rsc-instructor-dashboard .rsc-header .rs-box-link.flat, .rsc-instructor-dashboard .rsc-header > .flat.rs-box-link, .rsc-instructor-dashboard .rsc-header > .rs-button.flat { background: 0px 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0.5rem; display: inline-block; }
.rsc-instructor-dashboard .rsc-header .rs-box-link.flat:focus, .rsc-instructor-dashboard .rsc-header .rs-box-link.flat:hover, .rsc-instructor-dashboard .rsc-header > .flat.rs-box-link:focus, .rsc-instructor-dashboard .rsc-header > .flat.rs-box-link:hover, .rsc-instructor-dashboard .rsc-header > .rs-button.flat:focus, .rsc-instructor-dashboard .rsc-header > .rs-button.flat:hover { background: 0px 0px; }
.rsc-instructor-dashboard .rsc-complementary { margin: 0px auto; display: flex; justify-content: space-between; }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.rsc-instructor-dashboard .rsc-complementary { flex-flow: column wrap; }
}
.rsc-instructor-dashboard .rsc-complementary .rs-card { flex: 1 1 0%; display: flex; flex-direction: column; margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.rsc-instructor-dashboard .rsc-complementary .rs-card-content { flex: 1 1 0%; }
.rsc-instructor-dashboard .rsc-complementary .rs-card:first-of-type { margin-right: 0.5rem; }
.rsc-instructor-dashboard .rsc-complementary .rs-card:last-of-type { margin-left: 0.5rem; }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.rsc-instructor-dashboard .rsc-complementary .rs-card:first-of-type { margin-right: 0px; }
.rsc-instructor-dashboard .rsc-complementary .rs-card:last-of-type { margin-left: 0px; }
}
.rsc-instructor-dashboard .rsc-main { margin: 0px auto; }
.rsc-instructor-dashboard .rsc-quick-links { margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.rsc-instructor-dashboard .rsc-quick-links .rsc-links-list { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; }
.rsc-instructor-dashboard .rsc-quick-links .rsc-create-assignment > span > svg { fill: rgb(5, 117, 32); }
.rsc-instructor-dashboard .rsc-quick-links .rsc-enrollments > span > svg { fill: rgb(191, 129, 27); }
.rsc-instructor-dashboard .rsc-quick-links .rsc-reading-assignments > span > svg { fill: rgb(2, 89, 204); }
.rsc-instructor-dashboard .rsc-quick-links .rsc-course-materials > span > svg { fill: rgb(168, 11, 9); }
.rsc-instructor-dashboard .rsc-quick-links .rs-card-link { margin-right: 1rem; }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.rsc-instructor-dashboard .rsc-quick-links .rsc-links-list { justify-content: space-around; }
.rsc-instructor-dashboard .rsc-quick-links .rs-card-link { margin: 0.5rem; }
}
.rsc-instructor-dashboard .rsc-quick-links .rs-card-link-text { font-family: “Source Sans Pro”, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75rem; font-weight: 400; }
.rsc-instructor-dashboard .rsc-main { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.rsc-instructor-dashboard .rsc-main { flex-flow: column wrap; }
}
.rsc-instructor-dashboard .rsc-main .rs-card { flex: 1 1 0%; display: flex; flex-direction: column; margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.rsc-instructor-dashboard .rsc-main .rs-card-content { flex: 1 1 0%; }
.rsc-instructor-dashboard .rsc-main .rs-card:first-of-type { margin-right: 0.5rem; }
.rsc-instructor-dashboard .rsc-main .rs-card:last-of-type { margin-left: 0.5rem; }
.rsc-instructor-dashboard .rsc-main > .rs-card, .rsc-instructor-dashboard .rsc-main > .rs-card .rs-card-content { display: flex; flex-direction: column; }
.rsc-instructor-dashboard .rsc-main .rsc-average-score { height: 18rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; justify-content: center; }
.rsc-instructor-dashboard .rsc-main .rsc-average-score .pretty-score { padding: 0.5rem 3rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: center; text-align: center; }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.rsc-instructor-dashboard .rsc-main .rs-card:first-of-type { margin-right: 0px; }
.rsc-instructor-dashboard .rsc-main .rs-card:last-of-type { margin-left: 0px; }
.rsc-instructor-dashboard .rsc-main .rsc-average-score .pretty-score { padding: 0.5rem 1rem; }
}
.rsc-instructor-dashboard .rsc-main .rsc-average-score .pretty-score-heading { margin-bottom: 0.5rem; }
.rsc-instructor-dashboard .rsc-main .rsc-average-score-label { font-family: “Source Sans Pro”, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1.5625rem; font-weight: 400; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1rem; line-height: 2rem; }
.rsc-instructor-dashboard .rsc-main .chart-container { height: 14rem; padding-bottom: 1rem; }
.instructor-course-material-question-header { margin: 0px auto 1rem; }
.instructor-course-material-question-header .rs-box-link.flat, .instructor-course-material-question-header > .flat.rs-box-link, .instructor-course-material-question-header > .rs-button.flat { background: 0px 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0.5rem; display: inline-block; }
.instructor-course-material-question-header .rs-box-link.flat:focus, .instructor-course-material-question-header .rs-box-link.flat:hover, .instructor-course-material-question-header > .flat.rs-box-link:focus, .instructor-course-material-question-header > .flat.rs-box-link:hover, .instructor-course-material-question-header > .rs-button.flat:focus, .instructor-course-material-question-header > .rs-button.flat:hover { background: 0px 0px; }
.instructor-course-material-question-main { margin: 0px auto; }
.instructor-course-material-question .rsc-header { margin: 0px auto 1rem; }
.instructor-course-material-question .rsc-header .rs-box-link.flat, .instructor-course-material-question .rsc-header > .flat.rs-box-link, .instructor-course-material-question .rsc-header > .rs-button.flat { background: 0px 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0.5rem; display: inline-block; }
.instructor-course-material-question .rsc-header .rs-box-link.flat:focus, .instructor-course-material-question .rsc-header .rs-box-link.flat:hover, .instructor-course-material-question .rsc-header > .flat.rs-box-link:focus, .instructor-course-material-question .rsc-header > .flat.rs-box-link:hover, .instructor-course-material-question .rsc-header > .rs-button.flat:focus, .instructor-course-material-question .rsc-header > .rs-button.flat:hover { background: 0px 0px; }
.instructor-course-material-question .rsc-complementary { margin: 0px auto; display: flex; justify-content: space-between; }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.instructor-course-material-question .rsc-complementary { flex-flow: column wrap; }
}
.instructor-course-material-question .rsc-complementary .rs-card { flex: 1 1 0%; display: flex; flex-direction: column; margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.instructor-course-material-question .rsc-complementary .rs-card-content { flex: 1 1 0%; }
.instructor-course-material-question .rsc-complementary .rs-card:first-of-type { margin-right: 0.5rem; }
.instructor-course-material-question .rsc-complementary .rs-card:last-of-type { margin-left: 0.5rem; }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.instructor-course-material-question .rsc-complementary .rs-card:first-of-type { margin-right: 0px; }
.instructor-course-material-question .rsc-complementary .rs-card:last-of-type { margin-left: 0px; }
}
.instructor-course-material-question .rsc-main { margin: 0px auto; }
.instructor-course-material-question-main-content { max-width: 768px; margin: 0px auto; }
.instructor-course-material-question-main-subtitle { font-family: “Source Sans Pro”, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1.5625rem; line-height: 1.75rem; font-weight: 400; padding-bottom: 1.5rem; }
.rsc-complementary .enrollments-metrics > div > div:nth-of-type(2), .rsc-instructor-enrollment .rsc-complementary .enrollment-metrics > div > div:nth-of-type(2), .rsc-instructor-enrollment-assignment .rsc-complementary .enrollment-assignment-metrics > div > div:nth-of-type(2), .rsc-instructor-reading-assignment .rsc-complementary .assignment-metrics > div > div:nth-of-type(2), .rsc-instructor-reading-assignments .rsc-complementary .assignments-metrics > div > div:nth-of-type(2) { font-family: “Source Sans Pro”, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1.5625rem; line-height: 1.75rem; font-weight: 800; }
.instructor-course-material-question-main-question-name { padding-bottom: 1.5rem; }
.instructor-course-material-question-main-question-text { padding-bottom: 2rem; }
.instructor-course-material-question-main-question-text .fr-wrapper { height: 8rem; overflow-y: scroll; }
.instructor-course-material-question-main-question-text .fr-wrapper .fr-element { min-height: initial !important; }
.instructor-course-material-question-main .answer-option-editor { margin-bottom: 1.5rem; }
.instructor-course-material-question-main .answer-option-editor .fr-wrapper { height: 3rem; overflow-y: scroll; }
.instructor-course-material-question-main .answer-option-editor .fr-wrapper .fr-element { min-height: initial !important; }
.rsc-instructor-reading-assignment-header { margin: 0px auto 1rem; }
.rsc-instructor-reading-assignment-header .rs-box-link.flat, .rsc-instructor-reading-assignment-header > .flat.rs-box-link, .rsc-instructor-reading-assignment-header > .rs-button.flat { background: 0px 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0.5rem; display: inline-block; }
.rsc-instructor-reading-assignment-header .rs-box-link.flat:focus, .rsc-instructor-reading-assignment-header .rs-box-link.flat:hover, .rsc-instructor-reading-assignment-header > .flat.rs-box-link:focus, .rsc-instructor-reading-assignment-header > .flat.rs-box-link:hover, .rsc-instructor-reading-assignment-header > .rs-button.flat:focus, .rsc-instructor-reading-assignment-header > .rs-button.flat:hover { background: 0px 0px; }
.rsc-instructor-reading-assignment-main { margin: 0px auto; }
.rsc-instructor-reading-assignment .rsc-header { margin: 0px auto 1rem; }
.rsc-instructor-reading-assignment .rsc-header .rs-box-link.flat, .rsc-instructor-reading-assignment .rsc-header > .flat.rs-box-link, .rsc-instructor-reading-assignment .rsc-header > .rs-button.flat { background: 0px 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0.5rem; display: inline-block; }
.rsc-instructor-reading-assignment .rsc-header .rs-box-link.flat:focus, .rsc-instructor-reading-assignment .rsc-header .rs-box-link.flat:hover, .rsc-instructor-reading-assignment .rsc-header > .flat.rs-box-link:focus, .rsc-instructor-reading-assignment .rsc-header > .flat.rs-box-link:hover, .rsc-instructor-reading-assignment .rsc-header > .rs-button.flat:focus, .rsc-instructor-reading-assignment .rsc-header > .rs-button.flat:hover { background: 0px 0px; }
.rsc-instructor-reading-assignment .rsc-complementary { margin: 0px auto; display: flex; justify-content: space-between; }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.rsc-instructor-reading-assignment .rsc-complementary { flex-flow: column wrap; }
}
.rsc-instructor-reading-assignment .rsc-complementary .rs-card { flex: 1 1 0%; display: flex; flex-direction: column; margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.rsc-instructor-reading-assignment .rsc-complementary .rs-card-content { flex: 1 1 0%; }
.rsc-instructor-reading-assignment .rsc-complementary .rs-card:first-of-type { margin-right: 0.5rem; }
.rsc-instructor-reading-assignment .rsc-complementary .rs-card:last-of-type { margin-left: 0.5rem; }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.rsc-instructor-reading-assignment .rsc-complementary .rs-card:first-of-type { margin-right: 0px; }
.rsc-instructor-reading-assignment .rsc-complementary .rs-card:last-of-type { margin-left: 0px; }
}
.rsc-instructor-reading-assignment .rsc-main { margin: 0px auto; }
.rsc-instructor-reading-assignment .rsc-complementary .assignment-metrics { display: flex; }
.rsc-instructor-reading-assignment .rsc-complementary .assignment-metrics > div { display: flex; flex-direction: column; justify-content: center; height: 100%; flex: 1 1 0%; }
.rsc-instructor-reading-assignment .rsc-complementary .assignment-metrics > div > div { text-align: center; }
.rsc-instructor-reading-assignment .rsc-complementary .assignment-results { padding: 0.5rem 3rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: center; text-align: center; }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.rsc-instructor-reading-assignment .rsc-complementary .assignment-results { padding: 0.5rem 1rem; }
}
.rsc-instructor-reading-assignment .rsc-complementary .assignment-results-heading { margin-bottom: 0.5rem; }
.rsc-instructor-reading-assignments-header { margin: 0px auto 1rem; }
.rsc-instructor-reading-assignments-header .rs-box-link.flat, .rsc-instructor-reading-assignments-header > .flat.rs-box-link, .rsc-instructor-reading-assignments-header > .rs-button.flat { background: 0px 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0.5rem; display: inline-block; }
.rsc-instructor-reading-assignments-header .rs-box-link.flat:focus, .rsc-instructor-reading-assignments-header .rs-box-link.flat:hover, .rsc-instructor-reading-assignments-header > .flat.rs-box-link:focus, .rsc-instructor-reading-assignments-header > .flat.rs-box-link:hover, .rsc-instructor-reading-assignments-header > .rs-button.flat:focus, .rsc-instructor-reading-assignments-header > .rs-button.flat:hover { background: 0px 0px; }
.rsc-instructor-reading-assignments-main { margin: 0px auto; }
.rsc-instructor-reading-assignments .rsc-header { margin: 0px auto 1rem; }
.rsc-instructor-reading-assignments .rsc-header .rs-box-link.flat, .rsc-instructor-reading-assignments .rsc-header > .flat.rs-box-link, .rsc-instructor-reading-assignments .rsc-header > .rs-button.flat { background: 0px 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0.5rem; display: inline-block; }
.rsc-instructor-reading-assignments .rsc-header .rs-box-link.flat:focus, .rsc-instructor-reading-assignments .rsc-header .rs-box-link.flat:hover, .rsc-instructor-reading-assignments .rsc-header > .flat.rs-box-link:focus, .rsc-instructor-reading-assignments .rsc-header > .flat.rs-box-link:hover, .rsc-instructor-reading-assignments .rsc-header > .rs-button.flat:focus, .rsc-instructor-reading-assignments .rsc-header > .rs-button.flat:hover { background: 0px 0px; }
.rsc-instructor-reading-assignments .rsc-complementary { margin: 0px auto; display: flex; justify-content: space-between; }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.rsc-instructor-reading-assignments .rsc-complementary { flex-flow: column wrap; }
}
.rsc-instructor-reading-assignments .rsc-complementary .rs-card { flex: 1 1 0%; display: flex; flex-direction: column; margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.rsc-instructor-reading-assignments .rsc-complementary .rs-card-content { flex: 1 1 0%; }
.rsc-instructor-reading-assignments .rsc-complementary .rs-card:first-of-type { margin-right: 0.5rem; }
.rsc-instructor-reading-assignments .rsc-complementary .rs-card:last-of-type { margin-left: 0.5rem; }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.rsc-instructor-reading-assignments .rsc-complementary .rs-card:first-of-type { margin-right: 0px; }
.rsc-instructor-reading-assignments .rsc-complementary .rs-card:last-of-type { margin-left: 0px; }
}
.rsc-instructor-reading-assignments .rsc-main { margin: 0px auto; }
.rsc-instructor-reading-assignments .rsc-complementary .assignments-metrics { display: flex; }
.rsc-instructor-reading-assignments .rsc-complementary .assignments-metrics > div { display: flex; flex-direction: column; justify-content: center; height: 100%; flex: 1 1 0%; }
.rsc-instructor-reading-assignments .rsc-complementary .assignments-metrics > div > div { text-align: center; }
.rsc-instructor-reading-assignments .rsc-complementary .assignments-results { padding: 0.5rem 3rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: center; text-align: center; }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.rsc-instructor-reading-assignments .rsc-complementary .assignments-results { padding: 0.5rem 1rem; }
}
.rsc-instructor-reading-assignments .rsc-complementary .assignments-results-heading { margin-bottom: 0.5rem; }
.rsc-instructor-reading-assignments .assignments-controls { display: flex; padding-bottom: 1rem; }
.rsc-instructor-reading-assignments .assignments-controls .rs-input { max-width: 13.75rem; padding-right: 0.5rem; }
.rsc-instructor-enrollments-header { margin: 0px auto 1rem; }
.rsc-instructor-enrollments-header .rs-box-link.flat, .rsc-instructor-enrollments-header > .flat.rs-box-link, .rsc-instructor-enrollments-header > .rs-button.flat { background: 0px 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0.5rem; display: inline-block; }
.rsc-instructor-enrollments-header .rs-box-link.flat:focus, .rsc-instructor-enrollments-header .rs-box-link.flat:hover, .rsc-instructor-enrollments-header > .flat.rs-box-link:focus, .rsc-instructor-enrollments-header > .flat.rs-box-link:hover, .rsc-instructor-enrollments-header > .rs-button.flat:focus, .rsc-instructor-enrollments-header > .rs-button.flat:hover { background: 0px 0px; }
.rsc-instructor-enrollments-main { margin: 0px auto; }
.rsc-instructor-enrollments .rsc-header { margin: 0px auto 1rem; }
.rsc-instructor-enrollments .rsc-header .rs-box-link.flat, .rsc-instructor-enrollments .rsc-header > .flat.rs-box-link, .rsc-instructor-enrollments .rsc-header > .rs-button.flat { background: 0px 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0.5rem; display: inline-block; }
.rsc-instructor-enrollments .rsc-header .rs-box-link.flat:focus, .rsc-instructor-enrollments .rsc-header .rs-box-link.flat:hover, .rsc-instructor-enrollments .rsc-header > .flat.rs-box-link:focus, .rsc-instructor-enrollments .rsc-header > .flat.rs-box-link:hover, .rsc-instructor-enrollments .rsc-header > .rs-button.flat:focus, .rsc-instructor-enrollments .rsc-header > .rs-button.flat:hover { background: 0px 0px; }
.rsc-instructor-enrollments .rsc-complementary { margin: 0px auto; display: flex; justify-content: space-between; }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.rsc-instructor-enrollments .rsc-complementary { flex-flow: column wrap; }
}
.rsc-instructor-enrollments .rsc-complementary .rs-card { flex: 1 1 0%; display: flex; flex-direction: column; margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.rsc-instructor-enrollments .rsc-complementary .rs-card-content { flex: 1 1 0%; }
.rsc-instructor-enrollments .rsc-complementary .rs-card:first-of-type { margin-right: 0.5rem; }
.rsc-instructor-enrollments .rsc-complementary .rs-card:last-of-type { margin-left: 0.5rem; }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.rsc-instructor-enrollments .rsc-complementary .rs-card:first-of-type { margin-right: 0px; }
.rsc-instructor-enrollments .rsc-complementary .rs-card:last-of-type { margin-left: 0px; }
}
.rsc-instructor-enrollments .rsc-main { margin: 0px auto; }
.rsc-complementary .enrollments-metrics { display: flex; }
.rsc-complementary .enrollments-metrics > div { display: flex; flex-direction: column; justify-content: center; height: 100%; flex: 1 1 0%; }
.rsc-complementary .enrollments-metrics > div > div { text-align: center; }
.rsc-complementary .enrollments-results { padding: 0.5rem 3rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: center; text-align: center; }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.rsc-complementary .enrollments-results { padding: 0.5rem 1rem; }
}
.rsc-complementary .enrollments-results-heading { margin-bottom: 0.5rem; }
.completed-chart { margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.rsc-instructor-enrollment-header { margin: 0px auto 1rem; }
.rsc-instructor-enrollment-header .rs-box-link.flat, .rsc-instructor-enrollment-header > .flat.rs-box-link, .rsc-instructor-enrollment-header > .rs-button.flat { background: 0px 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0.5rem; display: inline-block; }
.rsc-instructor-enrollment-header .rs-box-link.flat:focus, .rsc-instructor-enrollment-header .rs-box-link.flat:hover, .rsc-instructor-enrollment-header > .flat.rs-box-link:focus, .rsc-instructor-enrollment-header > .flat.rs-box-link:hover, .rsc-instructor-enrollment-header > .rs-button.flat:focus, .rsc-instructor-enrollment-header > .rs-button.flat:hover { background: 0px 0px; }
.rsc-instructor-enrollment-main { margin: 0px auto; }
.rsc-instructor-enrollment .rsc-header { margin: 0px auto 1rem; }
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Chapter 8
Learning Environments and Instructional Activities
Bill is in charge of developing his community college’s new writing center. The college recognizes the need for student writing support. Learner and task analyses have been conducted, and goals and objectives for the center are established. Bill has much of the content organized; he knows what needs to be taught. What Bill needs to do now is decide what kind of learning environment is most appropriate and what instructional activities the center will conduct.
Carol has been put in charge of her company’s customer service supervisor training program. The company has articulated a need for the training; Carol has completed her learner and task analyses, and her instructional design team has developed a set of goals and performance objectives as well as the sequence of instruction. Carol now needs to decide the learning environment and activities that will help the students learn the content and meet the objectives.
Guiding Questions
How are learning environments defined and differentiated?
How are instructional activities defined?
How does an instructional designer go about choosing appropriate and effective instructional activities?
Which instructional activities are supported by grounded theory and research?
Key Terms
advance organizers (page 154)
direct teaching (page 142)
directed learning environment (page 140)
graphic organizers (page 148)
indirect teaching (page 142)
instructional games (page 145)
just-in-time teaching (page 145)
open-ended learning environment (page 140)
prescriptions (page 138)
scaffolding (page 144)
simulations (page 144)
Chapter Overview
Creating learning environments and producing activities that carry out instructional goals and objectives are two of the most exciting and challenging aspects of instructional design. It is important for the novice instructional designer to be familiar with the types of possible learning environments as well as the various instructional activities that can be employed within those environments.
Developing Instructional Interactions and Events
Once the goals of the instructional event are determined (in traditional systems design situations, objectives would also be specified) and an organizational strategy (a lesson plan, unit, program of study, or curriculum) has been devised, it is time to develop the interactions and events in which the learners will engage. These interactions and events are what the learners actually participate in to gain new knowledge, skill, or insight.
The instructional designer recommends specific activities based on the information gathered through needs, task, and learner analyses and through the development of goals and objectives. This process is similar to how a medical doctor might prescribe treatment for a patient after forming a diagnosis. In fact, the activities an instructional designer recommends are sometimes referred to as prescriptions. At the heart of any instructional design are the activities prescribed for the learners. Although it is never recommended, it is possible to avoid all other aspects of preparing an instructional intervention except the preparation of activities.
As an example of instructional design in action, consider how schoolteachers incorporate activities into their instructional designs. Teachers in elementary-school and secondary-school settings typically develop daily lesson plans that are divided into five parts: background, goals, objectives, activities, and assessment (see
Figure 8.1). The lesson plan presented has the same content as the lesson plan presented in
Chapter 7. However, it is displayed differently to focus on the instructional activities themselves as opposed to the organization of instruction in general. As with any instructional design, the lesson plan includes information about the learners, goals, and objectives set by the instructor, and assessment procedures to determine whether goals were met. Although the activities in which the students participate are just one part of the lesson plan, they are the only part that actually causes learning to occur.
Figure 8.1 An Example of a K-12 Teacher’s Lesson Plan
Source: Author
Teaching the Way We Were Taught
A pitfall to avoid when designing instruction is to make use of activities that are comfortable to you simply because they were used on you when you were a student. People tend to teach as they themselves were taught or in a manner that supports their preferred learning style (Cruikshank, Bainer, & Metcalf, 1999, 2012). Almost everyone who has attended high school or college has experienced a common method of instruction that includes the assignment of a reading in advance (chapters from a textbook, for example), a presentation by the course instructor, the assignment of a paper that synthesizes the information from the reading and the presentation, and preparation for a test on the same material. There is nothing wrong with these activities; however, they are but a few of many possibilities. If you are reading this book as part of a course assignment, chances are that you are quite comfortable with the traditional instructional activities that include listening to lectures and studying textbooks; you would not be reading this if you had not mastered techniques for achieving success with these types of assignments. As an instructional designer, it is important to think beyond what has worked for you personally and consider what will work best for your target audience.
Learning Environments
A learning environment is the milieu in which the instructor, the content, and the learners are placed. A learning environment is the context in which instruction occurs. More than just a physical setting, a learning environment is shaped by the type of instruction that needs to occur, and it is influenced by the attitudes and preferences of those who organize and operate that environment.
Four Perspectives on the Design of Learning Environments
In their book How People Learn: Brain, Mind, Experience, and School, Bransford, Brown, and Cocking (2003) describe four types of learning environments: learner-centered, knowledge-centered, assessment-centered, and community-centered.
Learner-centered environments. These focus on the attitudes, skills, knowledge, and beliefs that students bring to an instructional setting. In this environment, the instructor uses information about how the learners relate to the content as well as the learners’ preconceived ideas or misconceptions to create situations where the learners generate new (and hopefully improved) perceptions of the content.
Knowledge-centered environments. Focus on the information and activities that help learners develop an understanding of disciplines. In this environment, learners are exposed to well-organized knowledge in order to facilitate planning and strategic thinking.
Assessment-centered environments. Focus on providing opportunities for feedback and revision. In this environment, testing and critique are used to provide learners with opportunities to rethink and revise their ideas.
Community-centered environments. Focus on people learning from one another and contributing to the larger societies of people who share common interests and/or goals. In this environment, the connections between the instructional setting and world outside that setting are used to give the content greater meaning and place it in a more global context.
It is important to keep in mind that these are not mutually exclusive environments. Bransford et al. (2003) describe these environments as working together (see
Figure 8.2), and they can be used to express the various perspectives through which any instructional situation might be viewed.
Figure 8.2 The Four Learning Environments Described by Bransford, Brown, and Cocking.
Source: Bransford, J., Brown, A.L., & Cocking, R.R. (2003). How people learn: Brain, mind, experience and school (2nd edn). Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
Directed and Open-Ended Learning Environments
Hannafin, Land, and Oliver (1999) describe two types of learning environments: directed and open-ended. A directed learning environment is one in which the instructional designer has determined specific learning objectives and prescribes structured activities in which participants demonstrate that they have learned by meeting the objectives. Most people are familiar with directed learning environments through personal experience. Traditional classrooms are directed learning environments organized around the practice of teaching content in increments through highly structured activities to meet externally generated objectives.
Open-ended learning environments differ from directed learning environments in that the learning goals and/or the method of pursuing those goals are determined in one of three ways (Hannafin et al., 1999).
Presenting the learner with a complex problem along with a specific task to complete.
Presenting the learner with a complex problem to explore (with no specific task to complete).
Helping the learner articulate a personalized problem to be solved or explored.
Both directed and open-ended learning environments operate by establishing instructional goals, but only directed environments require the creation of specific instructional objectives. Directed and open-ended learning environments each have their strengths (see
Figure 8.3). Open-ended learning environments can be especially useful in promoting divergent thinking and are helpful in cases where multiple perspectives are valued. On the other hand, directed learning environments are particularly useful in situations where a variety of learners need to develop the same or similar knowledge, skills, or attitudes.
Figure 8.3 Directed and Open-Ended Learning Environments
Source: Adapted from Hannafin, M., Land, S., & Oliver, K. (1999). Open learning environment: Foundations, methods and models. In C.M. Reigeluth (ed.), Instructional design theories and models: A new paradigm of instructional theory (pp. 115–140). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
The differences between directed and open-ended learning environments echo two views of what a learner is. An instructor may perceive a learner as either a passive receiver of information or as an active participant in constructing his or her knowledge (see
Figure 8.4).
Figure 8.4 Differences between Passive Reception and Active Participation
Source: Author
Cruikshank et al. (2012) make a distinction between direct (or expository) teaching and indirect teaching. Direct teaching places the instructor in the center of all activity. The instructor presents specific information and decides exactly what students will do and when they will do it. Direct teaching is most commonly employed in directed learning environments.
Indirect teaching places the instructor in a more peripheral position during learning activities. The instructor offers support and guidance while students approach an assigned problem in the ways that seem best to them. This approach is commonly employed in open-ended learning environments. A common expression that illustrates the two possibilities is the teacher as either “the sage on the stage” (direct) or the “guide on the side” (indirect).
Most educators perceive learners as being at some point on a continuous scale in which “completely passive” (they need to be guided through everything) and “completely active” (they can find everything on their own) are the extremes. Most educators recognize that learners fall somewhere in between these two extremes; therefore, activities that comprise both directed and open-ended learning environments almost never exist in complete isolation of one another. For example, a good problem-based learning activity will provide opportunities for learners to receive information presented by experts in a directed manner as well as participate in their own research and analysis, all of which lead to solving the problem. In any sequence of instruction that extends beyond a single instructional activity, it is entirely possible to make use of both direct and indirect approaches. For example, an instructor may spend most of his or her time as “the guide on the side” as students solve a prescribed problem, while on occasion employing direct teaching methods by making presentations or lecturing on a specific topic, thereby providing specific information that may help in solving the problem.
Professionals in Practice
When I produce an instructional event and I have selected classroom or live webinar as one of the formats, there are significant event planning steps required to ensure proper care of the participants and to ensure the best learner engagement. I am fortunate to have a team of specialists well versed in the art of loading courses into our learning management system and staging the event. Our standard processes include scheduling classroom space, facilitators, participant notifications and ordering of classroom materials. When the courses are to be conducted online, this same team manages the loading and testing of the courses followed by collecting and analyzing participant completion data and course evaluations.
Kenneth R. Hubbell SVP, Senior Manager, Instructional Design Strategy & Innovation, Wells Fargo Bank NA
Bill decides that the learning environment will be knowledge-centered. Because the writing center is intended to help students become better writers, Bill wants people to work in an atmosphere that focuses on the many aspects of the writing discipline. Furthermore, since the goal of the center is to provide instruction on a variety of fundamental and advanced writing activities based on individual needs, Bill decides the environment must be open-ended.
Carol decides the learning environment for the customer service supervisor training program will be assessment-centered. Because directed learning is required to help students meet a series of performance objectives, Carol thinks using testing and critique and providing opportunities for students to rethink and revise ideas will work well.
Instructional Activities
Instructional activities are the experiences designed to help students learn. These are the interactions and events in which people participate to gain new knowledge, skill, or insight. A wide variety of different activities are possible for just about any education situation. It is the instructional designer’s job to identify those activities that will work best based on the learners’ needs and instruction’s goals and objectives.
Most people are familiar with traditional instructional activities—such as lecture, presentation, demonstration, drill and practice, and question-and-answer—but there are also a number of other possibilities.
Problem-Based Learning
Problem-based learning (PBL) activities are open-ended learning situations. Students are presented with a problem that needs to be solved and are then encouraged to develop a solution to that problem by using the resources and tools available to them. Once the problem is presented to the class, students often work in groups to decide how to approach the problem and what information is necessary to form a reasonable solution. Students then conduct research apply what they discover to develop a solution to the problem. In the final phase of a PBL activity, students reflect on both the problem and their methods of developing a solution, summarizing and synthesizing what they have learned (Albion, 2003). As students engage in solving carefully contrived problems, they develop and refine their understanding of the subject matter in a highly personal and meaningful way.
As an example, some Master of Business Administration (MBA) programs employ a PBL approach by informing students at the beginning of a semester that they must submit their answer to a specific question by the end of that semester. The question may be something like, “Should company X acquire company Y?” Students then spend that semester engaging in research to learn more about the problems involved in answering the question, determining the best solution, and presenting their findings in such a way as to convince others that their course of action is best.
According to Hannafin et al. (1999), any open-ended learning environment should include four components to support the learners.
Enabling contexts. Articulated perspectives that influence how the approaches are planned and resources are interpreted.
Resources. A range of sources (print, electronic, human) that provides information about the problem.
Tools. The means for engaging and manipulating resources and ideas.
Scaffolding. Processes that support individual learning efforts.
These four components are critically important in creating an effective and truly educational problem-based learning situation.
Simulations and Games
Learning through simulation has long been part of human experience. Simulations are in essence evolving case studies that allow participants to examine issues and problems that arise in a specific situation (Gredler, 2004). Participants make decisions that affect the situation and experience the results of those decisions in an environment that does not affect the real world.
Simulation as an educational tool is particularly appealing for situations where physical safety is an issue. Activities that allow individuals to play out situations without placing anyone at risk have a long and honorable history. As an example, astronauts practice spacewalks in pools of water that simulate the conditions they will encounter in outer space; this is much safer than letting new astronauts experiment with spacewalking for the first time when they are in orbit around Earth. Proponents of simulations as an educational activity argue that humans have a natural tendency to learn through mimesis, that a simulation offers a safe environment in which to explore possibilities, and that there is a need for opportunities to experiment with decision-making before actually entering certain professional arenas. For example, the personnel of California’s San Onofre Nuclear Power Generating Station regularly reviews and explores the best methods of dealing with emergencies by staging simulated crises in a room designed to look exactly like the plant’s actual control center. Simulations can also be useful instructional activities for promoting better, more informed decision-making regardless of the relative safety of the real-world event (Brown, 1999). It seems students gain experience as multidimensional problem-solvers while engaged in instructional simulations (Brown, 1999; Gredler, 1996).
Professionals in Practice
When I was a public school teacher, I was a member of the executive council of my union. I was involved with negotiating a contract between teachers and the local board of education. Both sides agreed to facilitate the process by undergoing training from the Harvard Negotiation Project. One of the first things the project instructors had all of us do was participate in a simulation game that had all of us working on coming to an agreement over prices and wages for some fictitious community. Although I can barely remember the scenario or the rules, I remember clearly the lessons learned about combating the problem instead of combating the opposing team. That activity helped all of us as we entered into a particularly difficult contract negotiation.
Abbie Brown former teacher at George Washington Middle School Ridgewood, New Jersey
Instructional Games
Instructional games are a subset of instructional simulations. A game is an activity in which participants abide by specified rules as they strive (often competing against others) to achieve a specific goal (Smaldino, Lowther, & Russell, 2012). According to Gredler (2004), games can support four different instructional purposes.
To practice or refine knowledge or skills.
To identify gaps or weaknesses in knowledge or skills.
To review or summarize the content presented.
To illustrate and develop new concepts among concepts and principles.
Making use of games as instructional activity has a number of advantages: games keep learners interested in repetitious tasks (e.g., memorizing); well-designed games are fun to play and attractive to learners; and game play can provide a relaxed atmosphere for learning. However, games can also distract learners from focusing on the content if they are poorly designed or create an atmosphere of intense competition (where the goal of winning the game eclipses that of learning the content) (Smaldino et al., 2012). Depending on the construction and application of an instructional game, it may be oriented toward either a directed or open-ended environment.
One particularly popular game adaptation is based on the Jeopardy! television show. Within a directed learning environment, a review activity based on a popular television game show such as Jeopardy! can be an engaging and effective content review activity.
Just-in-Time Teaching
Just-in-time teaching or just-in-time instruction is currently a popular concept among educators. It is a strategy whereby direct instruction is provided based on the immediate needs expressed or indicated by students during a lesson or work period. Just-in-time teaching is adaptive; the instructor may choose from a number of short lessons prepared in advance or the instructor may improvise a brief lesson. The just-in-time approach makes use of direct teaching methods within an indirect teaching environment. The instructor takes the role of facilitator, providing short lessons that cover content the students themselves request.
Research Support for Instructional Practices
An instructional designer’s job includes making decisions about the instructional activities that are to be used to help learners meet specific goals and objectives. In making these decisions without falling into the cycle of only teaching the way we were taught, where should an instructional designer begin? One of the most valuable ways to think about this question is to look at the literature on teaching effectiveness. In doing so, the following question should be explored: what instructional practices and process have been validated by research data? Three major research studies or research meta-analyses give specific guidance in answering this question. The results of these studies can assist instructional designers in selecting appropriate and effective instructional activities.
One of the earliest and most helpful meta-analysis was conducted by Joyce and Weil (2008). They proposed systems of instruction (what they call “models”) that have research validation (see
Figure 8.5). These models work better than other processes in accomplishing certain learning outcomes (goals). They have proposed four categories of models: personal, information processing, behavioral, and social. More than 20 models, which have substantial research validation, are presented in their book Models of Teaching (Joyce, Weil, & Calhoun, 2017).
Figure 8.5 Models of Teaching Validated by Research
Source: Joyce, B., Weil, M., & Calhoun, E. (2017). Models of teaching (9th edn). New York: Pearson Publishing.
Another meta-analysis of research-supported teaching practices appeared in 1993 when Ellis and Fouts published their first analysis involving innovations in education. The second edition of their book (1997) included the results of meta-analyses of 12 educational innovations. They proposed viewing the research on teaching practices on three research levels: basic, comparative, and evaluative.
Level I (basic) is pure research conducted in a laboratory setting. The purpose is to establish a “theoretical construct or idea as having some validity” (Ellis, 2001, p. 20). The research conducted at this stage is extremely useful but must be validated with continued research. This research typically has led to theories about learning, which are often then developed into programs or instructional methods.
Level II (comparative) research is designed to “test the efficacy of particular programs or instructional methods in educational settings. Educational researchers who are interested in applying theories and procedures developed at the pure or basic level generally conduct such studies” (Ellis, 2001, p. 22). The research conducted at this level is done in educational settings to determine how effective these particular instructional methods or programs are.
Level III (evaluative) research is designed to determine the efficacy of instructional methods or programs at a much larger level rather than in an isolated educational setting. Large-scale implementation of an instructional model or program is studied to examine its overall effects on various stakeholders (e.g., learners, instructors, customers).
Ellis (2005) and Ellis and Bond (2016) continue this analysis. Their work indicates that few educational innovations have sufficient research validation (Levels II and III) to prove their effectiveness. There are a few clear winners (teaching practices with research validation) and a few clear losers (teaching practices with little or no clear research validation), with the majority of educational innovations having mixed research support. The educational innovations found to be best supported by research include: direct instruction; cooperative learning; brain-based learning (neuroscience); and mastery learning.
Marzano, Pickering, and Pollock (2004) also conducted a meta-analysis of teaching practices research. In their book Classroom Instruction That Works: Research-Based Strategies for Increasing Student Achievement, they propose that teaching is rapidly becoming more of a science. The evidence examined so far indicate specific types of teaching practices have strong effects on student achievement and that these practices work well with all types of subject matter. We use Marzano, Pickering, and Pollock’s work, and the work of Dean, Ross Hubbell, Pitler, and Stone (2012), authors of the second edition of Classroom Instruction that Works, to organize the recommended instructional activities in the following section.
Activities Based on Proven Effective Practices
There are probably as many different kinds of specific learning activities as there are instructors. Every teacher has a few activities that have become his or her favorite through habit or a history of success. As a novice instructional designer developing your own repertoire of instructional activities, it is important to experiment with those that have the greatest potential to positively affect your students’ achievement. As mentioned previously, Marzano et al.’s (2004), and Dean et al.’s (2012) categories of instructional strategies are proven through research to have a strong effect on student achievement. The nine categories are as follows.
Identifying similarities and differences.
Summarizing and note-taking.
Reinforcing effort and providing recognition.
Homework and practice.
Nonlinguistic representations.
Cooperative learning.
Setting objectives and providing feedback.
Generating and testing hypotheses.
Questions, cues, and advance organizers.
Prescribing activities that employ these general strategies should therefore lead to a more successful and effective instructional design. The following is Marzano et al.’s (2004) and Dean et al.’s (2012) list expanded to include descriptions and specific examples of activities that can be prescribed.
Identifying Similarities and Differences
The ability to determine how things are alike and different is critically important and crucial for most forms of understanding. Specific instructional activities that can facilitate this process include the below.
○ Examples and non-examples. The essential instructional strategy activity that explores similarities and differences is the provision of examples and non-examples. It is not enough to simply describe what something is. It is important to also illustrate what something is not (for example, “a noun is a person, place, or thing. A noun is not an action word, nor is it a descriptive word.”).
Classifying
Classifying requires the organization of various elements, objects, or concepts according to their similarities. A critical task of classifying is identifying the rules that govern category relationship. Activities that support skill with classifying include the following.
○ Graphic organizers. A visual display that illustrates the classification of information can help students better understand the similarities and differences among various elements, objects, or concepts. Venn diagrams are popular graphic organizers for the display of sets and subsets. See
Figures 8.6 and
8.7.
Figure 8.6 A Simple Venn Diagram Showing Sets and Subsets
Source: Author
Figure 8.7 A Simple Classification Chart
Source: Author
○ Scattergrams. An example of an instructional activity that requires students to organize information according the components’ similarities is a scattergram. The instructor provides a randomized display of the various elements, objects, and/or concepts that are the topic of study and asks students to organize them according to their similarities. This is an activity students may do on their own, as a class, or in small groups. Although there is usually no single correct method of organizing the data, a critically important aspect of this activity is the discussion of why students organized things as they did (this allows for clarification and guidance from the instructor and from peers). See
Figure 8.8.
Figure 8.8 A Scattergram of Terms and Labels Used in the Order of the Reptile Class of Animals.
Source: Author
○ Analogies, Metaphors, and Similes. Another activity that explores the similarities and differences of elements, objects, and concepts is the development of analogies (“A is to B as C is to D”), metaphors (“A is D”), and similes (“A is like D”). The exploration of analogies, metaphors, and similes can encourage students to draw on their own experiences to better understand new information.
Professionals in Practice
In teaching instructional design, I often ask students to develop a simile that compares the production process to the students’ previous experiences. Asking students to complete a sentence such as, “Instructional design is like …” often results in deeply insightful statements that, when shared with the entire class, cause everyone to understand multimedia production a bit better than they did before. It often increases my understanding of how better to describe the process as well.
Abbie Brown Professor at East Carolina University
Summarizing and Note-Taking
While these are often considered study skills and are not often addressed as part of an instructional design after high school, summarizing and note-taking have proven themselves to be highly effective instructional activities for both adolescent and adult learners. Activities that facilitate summarizing and note-taking include the following.
○ “Ten and Two.” Common wisdom among experienced instructors is the rule of “ten and two” (ten minutes of presentation; two minutes of synthesis). During formal instruction, schedule a brief, relatively informal review and synthesis activity after about ten minutes of formal presentation. Students may turn to a neighbor and discuss the information presented or they may review and compare their notes. After this review and synthesis, the instructor invites questions and offers clarifications on the material presented.
○ Reflective writing. Students may be asked to generate a written response to the information presented. This gives students an opportunity to reflect on and make personal connection with the material. As with the “ten and two” activity, it is important to follow reflective writing with a question-and-answer period.
○ Reciprocal teaching. In this activity, small groups of students gather together and teach each other the content dictated by the instructional goals and objectives. One student takes the role of group leader and directs the discussion, but all members of the group are responsible for reviewing, clarifying, and summarizing the information.
○ Revising and adding to notes. An effective instructional activity that is often overlooked is the revision of notes taken during presentation. Students work individually or in small groups to revise and add to their notes in order to summarize and synthesize the material.
Reinforcing Effort and Providing Recognition
Critically important to student success is the belief that effort ultimately enhances achievement. Students who believe in the importance of effort are much more likely to succeed. Finding ways to recognize and reward effort made is therefore an activity that can increase the efficiency and effectiveness of an instructional design.
○ Pause, prompt, and praise. This is an activity that can be extremely important in helping students achieve success, but it is not possible to schedule this precisely into an instructional design. If the instructor notices a student or students struggling with a task, the students are asked to pause what they are doing in order to discuss the problems they have encountered. The instructor then offers a prompt, suggesting a way of working around or through the problem (see the description of just-in-time teaching). If the students succeed by implementing the suggestion, the instructor offers praise for a job well done.
○ Rewards and symbols of recognition. An instructional design may have built into it methods of rewarding and recognizing student success. Students may receive tokens (small prizes) or they may see their name highlighted in a place of honor. These extrinsic rewards do not diminish intrinsic motivation if they are given rewards for accomplishing specific performance goals (Dean et al., 2012; Marzano et al., 2004).
Homework and Practice
Research indicates that homework and practice increase achievement and learning (Dean et al., 2012; Marzano et al., 2004). It is also a natural, intuitive assumption that the more one practices, the better one becomes with just about anything. Assigning activities that promote repeated practice is a recommended component of most instructional designs. Activities that promote practice include the following.
○ Speed and accuracy reporting. For instruction that has skill development as one of its goals, requiring students to keep track of their speed and accuracy is a very good idea. Have students keep a progress chart for themselves that tracks individual progress.
○ Homework. Assigning activities to be completed outside of formal class time can extend learning opportunities as well as give students a chance for more practice. Assuming the instruction requires multiple class meetings, assign homework that includes a clear statement of the assignment’s purpose and outcome; this lets students know why they are performing the task and what they should focus on. Be prepared to offer feedback on homework assignments at subsequent class meetings; offering feedback greatly increases the effectiveness of homework as an instructional activity.
Nonlinguistic Representations
A popular psychological theory known as dual coding (Pavio, 1990) suggests that humans store information in two forms: linguistic and in the form of imagery. The imagery mode is a combination of mental pictures, physical sensations (touch, taste, smell), kinesthetic associations, or sound. The linguistic mode is the one most commonly used to present instructional material (through the use of lecture, assigned reading, and question-and-answer sessions). However, research indicates that the more people make use of both linguistic and imagery modes, the better they are able to analyze and recall information. Nonlinguistic representations include the following.
○ Illustrations and animations: The research of psychologists such as Richard Mayer (2001) suggest that recall is enhanced when learning activities include graphics and animated sequences that illustrate the content. There is evidence to suggest that memory for pictures is generally better than memory for words; this is referred to as the picture superiority effect (Anglin, Vaez, & Cunningham, 2004). However, animations should be used judiciously because research indicates that they are effective primarily as attention-getting devices or in situations where the learners are not novices with the content and have some knowledge of how to attend relevant cues and details provided by animation (Anglin et al., 2004).
○ Graphic organizers. Graphic organizers, discussed earlier in this chapter (see the section on classifying), are actually a combination of the linguistic and imagery mode because they use words and phrases organized in descriptive patterns. See
Figure 8.9.
Figure 8.9 A Graphic Organizer Illustrating the Rather Convoluted Family Relationships in the Legend of King Arthur
Source: Author
○ Sound. The use of sound effects and nonspeech audio (music, background noises) can have a profound effect on learners recall. Sound cues support the acquisition, processing, and retrieval of new information in a variety of ways (Bishop & Cates, 2001). The programs of National Public Radio that incorporate background noises and sound effects are good examples of how nonlinguistic sound can be used to enhance the presentation of information in a way that stimulates the listener’s ability to attend to and recall the information presented.
○ Kinesthetic representation. Creating physical models or working with manipulative representations (such as the Cuisenaire rods used in elementary math classes) can help learners interpret and understand information through the sense of touch and movement.
Cooperative Learning
Students working together to accomplish a task is currently a very popular approach, and there is research to suggest that cooperative learning is an effective and efficient instructional activity (Ellis, 2005). Cooperative learning experts David Johnson and Roger Johnson (1999) outline five defining elements of cooperative learning: positive interdependence (everyone working together to succeed); face-to-face promotive interaction (offering help and praise to group members); individual and group accountability (each member contributing to the group’s success); interpersonal and small group skills (communication, decision-making, conflict resolution); and group processing (reflecting on how the group functions and how its functioning can be improved). Cooperative learning activities are particularly helpful to low- and middle-achieving learners when the groups consist of heterogeneous combinations of low-, middle-, and high-achieving students. All indications are that cooperative learning works best when groups are kept relatively small (three or four students per group). The best cooperative learning activities are well-structured with clearly defined goals and expectations. Because cooperative learning is particularly popular at this time, it is important not to overuse this type of activity at the expense of independent practice and skill development.
Setting Objectives and Providing Feedback
In
Chapter 6, we discussed the importance of determining instructional goals and the common practice of creating instructional objectives that accompanied these goals. It is true that setting instructional objectives (determining the expected outcome of the instructional activity) promotes efficient instruction. However, in some cases, setting objectives may cause the instruction to be too efficient in a limited manner. Research indicates that objectives carefully specified by the instructional designer may actually cause a decrease in students’ general learning. Students may focus so completely on the specified objective that they do not explore the material in a way that allows them to develop broader or deeper understanding of the general topic (Dean et al., 2012; Marzano et al., 2004; Walberg, 1999). If the goal is for students to develop a personalized, broader, and deeper understanding of a topic, they should be encouraged to personalize the instructional goals by creating their own learning objectives. The instructor then works with the student, providing feedback on how well the student’s objectives align with the instructional goals and whether the student is meeting his or her objectives. Activities that support setting objectives and providing feedback include the following.
Contracts. A popular activity that supports setting personalized learning objectives is the student contract. Students work with the instructor to develop their own individualized learning contracts, stating objectives that relate to both the instructional goals and to the students’ personal interests, strengths, or weaknesses.
Critique sessions. The instructor, other students, or groups of students offer feedback as to whether the individual or group is accomplishing stated objectives. Group-to-group critique sessions are particularly effective as part of cooperative learning activities. Feedback should be some combination of positive and corrective; formal critique sessions often follow a format that offers three categories of feedback; “what I see” (statements of exactly what the reviewer perceives), “what I like” (statements of what the reviewer is positively impressed with), and “what I think needs improvement” (statements of what the reviewer finds problematic).
Generating and Testing Hypotheses
Having students make predictions and conduct experiments based on those predictions is a good way to improve student achievement (Dean et al., 2012; Marzano et al., 2004). There are essentially two methods of generating hypotheses: inductive reasoning and deductive reasoning. Inductive reasoning is the process of drawing new conclusions from available information. Deductive reasoning is the process of using general rules (heuristics) to predict a future action or event. In generating hypotheses as a classroom activity, students may use inductive or deductive reasoning, or a combination of the two. However, it is important to have students explain their thinking (and perhaps even explain whether they are working inductively or deductively) in order to gain the greatest benefit from any hypothesis-generation activity. Although creating and testing hypotheses is most often associated with science, it is possible to make very good use of this activity in many other content areas. For example, high-school students studying the short-story form might be asked to predict a story’s outcome before completing the story. As another example, adults learning a specific administrative process might be asked to predict the follow-up tasks involved upon completing the process. Hypotheses generating activities get students to explore the content of the lesson more thoroughly. They also can cause students to think more about their own thinking process (metacognition), which helps students become better decision-makers and problem-solvers.
Questions, Cues, and Advance Organizers
The strategies of introducing a topic by asking questions about that topic or by providing some type of preview of the topic (cues and advance organizers) are intended to help students retrieve what they already know that is related to the topic and prepare them to receive new information in the best frame of mind. Research on questions, cues, and advance organizers indicates they are an effective and efficient instructional activity (Dean et al., 2012; Marzano et al., 2004). General rules that apply to all question, cue, and advance organizer strategies are as follows.
Focus should always be on what is important about the topic (as opposed to focusing on what is unusual about the topic).
Questions and cues that require students to analyze information produce more learning than questions that require simple recall.
Having posed a question, waiting briefly before accepting student responses can increase the depth of those responses (teachers are typically instructed to mentally take a slow “three count” before accepting responses from students).
Advance organizers can take a variety of forms. Before proceeding with instruction, consider the following.
Students may be encouraged to skim the content.
The instructor may tell a brief story that relates to the content.
An agenda or outline may be provided to students.
A graphic organizer may be provided to students.
Students may be given a writing prompt related to the content.
The activities described in this section are only a sample of the myriad activities that are used for instruction. However, these activities have the advantage of having some research-based support for their use.
Bill has decided that the writing center will provide activities that include problem-based learning in which small groups of students will edit poorly written sample papers, as well as one-to-one tutoring that provides scaffolding for students to improve and increase their writing skills. The center will make available a variety of text and computer-based resources that students may use at any time, and it will conduct workshops throughout the year, the topics of which will be decided by student surveys. The center will also provide progress charts to help students keep track of their development by recording the results of writing evaluations conducted at the center and grades received on written assignments.
Carol has decided that the customer service supervisor training program will consist of a series of presentations and lectures combined with simulations, games, and reciprocal teaching activities in which participants will engage to increase their skills and abilities in order to meet the program’s performance objectives. Each training session will begin with an advance organizing activity, and those who complete the training program will receive a framed certificate as a symbol of recognition.
Learning Environments, Activities, and the Instructional Design Process
Specifying the learning environment and instructional activities is an important part of the instructional design process. It should help you answer the following questions.
Will the learning environment be open-ended or directed?
Will the learning environment be oriented toward the learner, knowledge, assessment, community, or some combination of these four?
What teaching strategies will be employed?
What will the students do during the instruction that will help them learn the content?
How are the instructional activities you prescribe supported by research that indicates their effectiveness?
Summary
The activities in which the learners participate to again knowledge, skill, or insight are the single-most important part of an instructional design. Instructional designers prescribe specific activities based on the information gathered during task, learner, and goals analyses. Something to be mindful of is the fact that most people will naturally recommend the instructional activities that they themselves learned from and/or that best fit their preferred learning style; an instructional designer does not have the luxury of prescribing only those activities that he or she prefers. The number and order of the activities prescribed define the scope and sequence of the instruction. There are essentially two types of learning environments: directed and open-ended. Directed learning environments are ones in which the instructional designer determines specific learning objectives and prescribes structured activities in which participants demonstrate they have learned by meeting those objectives. Open-ended learning environments either present learners with a complex problem to complete or explore or help the learner determine a personalized problem to be solved or explored. Problem-based learning and instructional simulations are examples of open-ended learning situations. Instructional games—a subset of simulations—are activities that may be applied in either directed or open-ended environments. Instructional activities that have a strong research base to prove their efficacy are identifying similarities and differences; summarizing and note-taking; reinforcing effort and providing recognition; homework and practice; nonlinguistic representations; cooperative learning; setting objectives and providing feedback; generating and testing hypotheses; and questions, cues, and advance organizers.
Chapter Comprehension Questions
The activities and events an instructional designer recommends after needs, task, and learner analyses are sometimes referred to as ________.
Descriptions.
Prescriptions.
Diagnoses.
Assessments.
When designing instruction it is important to avoid making use of activities that are comfortable to you simply because they were used on you when you were a student.
True.
False.
A directed learning environment ________.
Presents structured activities in which students demonstrate learning by meeting specific objectives.
Presents learners with a complex problem to explore.
Helps the learner articulate a personalized problem to explore.
Does not assess student progress.
Both directed and open-ended learning environments operate by establishing instructional goals, but only directed environments require the creation of specific instructional objectives.
True.
False.
Direct teaching ________.
Is not an effective instructional strategy.
Works best when the instructor takes the role of “guide on the side.”
Places the instructor at the center of all activity.
Does not require an instructor.
A problem-based learning activity ________.
Is an open-ended learning situation.
Places the instructor at the center of all activity.
Requires students to work individually.
Is also known as a lecture.
An activity in which participants abide by specified rules as they strive to achieve a specific goal known as ________.
A lab environment.
Just-in-time teaching.
An instructional game.
Brain-based instruction.
A visual display that illustrates the classification of information is known as ________.
A lecture.
A simulation.
A metaphor.
A graphic organizer.
Illustrations and animations are a form of ________.
Nonlinguistic representation.
Direct instruction.
Simulation.
Open-ended learning.
Students working together to accomplish a task is referred to as ________.
Problem-based learning.
Cooperative learning.
Direct instruction.
A student contract.
Connecting Process to Practice Activities
Bill chose to create a knowledge-center environment for his community college’s writing center. He might have chosen to create a learner-centered environment instead. What are the advantages and disadvantages to selecting a learner-centered environment in this case? What might be the advantages and disadvantages of creating a blended learner-centered and knowledge-centered environment?
How might Carol make use of both direct and indirect teaching strategies in her company’s customer service supervisor training program?
You have been contracted by a hospital to develop instruction for new volunteers on how to work with patients and their families. What type of learning environment would you recommend establishing for this group?
As the instructional designer for a large corporation, you have been assigned the task of creating a 90-minute workshop on office safety and emergency preparedness. What activities might you include in this workshop?
You are a fifth-grade schoolteacher. One of your district’s objectives for all fifth-grade students is that by the end of the school year, they will be able to correctly identify the nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs used in a paragraph of expository text. What activities might you prescribe for your students throughout the school year to help meet this objective?
A professor of American history would like her students to develop greater understanding of what life was like in Chicago during the “Roaring 20s.” What instructional activities might you recommend to her?
Recommended Reading
Bransford, J., Brown, A.L., & Cocking, R.R. (2003). How people learn: Brain, mind, experience and school (2nd edn). Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
Hyerle, D. (1996). Visual tools for constructing knowledge. Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.
Dean, C.B., Ross Hubbell, E., Pitler, H., & Stone, B.J. (2012). Classroom instruction that works: Research-based strategies for increasing student achievement (2nd edn). Alexandria, VA: ASCD.
References
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Bishop, M.J. & Cates, W.M. (2001). Theoretical foundations for sound’s use in multimedia instruction to enhance learning. Educational Technology Research and Development, 49(3), 5–22.
Bransford, J., Brown, A.L., & Cocking, R.R. (2003). How people learn: Brain, mind, experience and school (2nd edn). Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
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Cruikshank, D.R., Bainer, D.L., & Metcalf, K.K. (2012). The act of teaching (6th edn). New York: McGraw-Hill College.
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Ellis, A.K. & Bond, J.B. (2016). Research on educational innovations (5th edn). New York: Routledge.
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Gredler, M. (2004). Games and simulations and their relationships to learning. In D.H. Jonassen (ed.), Handbook of research for educational communications and technology (2nd edn, pp. 571–581). London and New York: Routledge.
Hannafin, M., Land, S., & Oliver, K. (1999). Open learning environment: Foundations, methods and models. In C.M. Reigeluth (ed.), Instructional design theories and models: A new paradigm of instructional theory (pp. 115–140). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Earlbaum Associates.
Johnson, D.W. & Johnson, R.T. (1999). Learning together and alone: Cooperative, competitive and individualistic learning. Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
Joyce, B., Weil, M., & Calhoun, E. (2017). Models of teaching (9th edn). New York: Pearson Publishing.
Marzano, R.J., Pickering, D.J., & Pollock, J.E. (2004). Classroom instruction that works: Research-based strategies for increasing student achievement. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Mayer, R. (2001). Multimedia learning. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Pavio, A. (1990). Mental representations: A dual coding approach. New York: Oxford University Press.
Smaldino, S., Lowther, D.L., & Russell, J.D. (2012). Instructional technology and media for learning (10th edn). Boston, MA: Pearson.
Walberg, H.J. (1999). Productive teaching. In H.C. Waxman & H.J. Walberg (eds), New directions for teaching practice and research (pp. 75–104). Berkeley, CA: McCutcheon Publishing Corporation.
View details for highlighted text: Chapter 8
Learning Environments and Instructional Activities
Bill is in charge of developing his community college’s new writing center. The college recognizes the need for student writing support. Learner and task analyses have been conducted, and goals and objectives for the center are established. Bill has much of the content organized; he knows what needs to be taught. What Bill needs to do now is decide what kind of learning environment is most appropriate and what instructional activities the center will conduct.
Carol has been put in charge of her company’s customer service supervisor training program. The company has articulated a need for the training; Carol has completed her learner and task analyses, and her instructional design team has developed a set of goals and performance objectives as well as the sequence of instruction. Carol now needs to decide the learning environment and activities that will help the students learn the content and meet the objectives.
Guiding Questions
How are learning environments defined and differentiated?
How are instructional activities defined?
How does an instructional designer go about choosing appropriate and effective instructional activities?
Which instructional activities are supported by grounded theory and research?
Key Terms
advance organizers (page 154)
direct teaching (page 142)
directed learning environment (page 140)
graphic organizers (page 148)
indirect teaching (page 142)
instructional games (page 145)
just-in-time teaching (page 145)
open-ended learning environment (page 140)
prescriptions (page 138)
scaffolding (page 144)
simulations (page 144)
Chapter Overview
Creating learning environments and producing activities that carry out instructional goals and objectives are two of the most exciting and challenging aspects of instructional design. It is important for the novice instructional designer to be familiar with the types of possible learning environments as well as the various instructional activities that can be employed within those environments.
Developing Instructional Interactions and Events
Once the goals of the instructional event are determined (in traditional systems design situations, objectives would also be specified) and an organizational strategy (a lesson plan, unit, program of study, or curriculum) has been devised, it is time to develop the interactions and events in which the learners will engage. These interactions and events are what the learners actually participate in to gain new knowledge, skill, or insight.
The instructional designer recommends specific activities based on the information gathered through needs, task, and learner analyses and through the development of goals and objectives. This process is similar to how a medical doctor might prescribe treatment for a patient after forming a diagnosis. In fact, the activities an instructional designer recommends are sometimes referred to as prescriptions. At the heart of any instructional design are the activities prescribed for the learners. Although it is never recommended, it is possible to avoid all other aspects of preparing an instructional intervention except the preparation of activities.
As an example of instructional design in action, consider how schoolteachers incorporate activities into their instructional designs. Teachers in elementary-school and secondary-school settings typically develop daily lesson plans that are divided into five parts: background, goals, objectives, activities, and assessment (see Figure 8.1). The lesson plan presented has the same content as the lesson plan presented in Chapter 7. However, it is displayed differently to focus on the instructional activities themselves as opposed to the organization of instruction in general. As with any instructional design, the lesson plan includes information about the learners, goals, and objectives set by the instructor, and assessment procedures to determine whether goals were met. Although the activities in which the students participate are just one part of the lesson plan, they are the only part that actually causes learning to occur.
Figure 8.1 An Example of a K-12 Teacher’s Lesson Plan
Source: Author
Teaching the Way We Were Taught
A pitfall to avoid when designing instruction is to make use of activities that are comfortable to you simply because they were used on you when you were a student. People tend to teach as they themselves were taught or in a manner that supports their preferred learning style (Cruikshank, Bainer, & Metcalf, 1999, 2012). Almost everyone who has attended high school or college has experienced a common method of instruction that includes the assignment of a reading in advance (chapters from a textbook, for example), a presentation by the course instructor, the assignment of a paper that synthesizes the information from the reading and the presentation, and preparation for a test on the same material. There is nothing wrong with these activities; however, they are but a few of many possibilities. If you are reading this book as part of a course assignment, chances are that you are quite comfortable with the traditional instructional activities that include listening to lectures and studying textbooks; you would not be reading this if you had not mastered techniques for achieving success with these types of assignments. As an instructional designer, it is important to think beyond what has worked for you personally and consider what will work best for your target audience.
Learning Environments
A learning environment is the milieu in which the instructor, the content, and the learners are placed. A learning environment is the context in which instruction occurs. More than just a physical setting, a learning environment is shaped by the type of instruction that needs to occur, and it is influenced by the attitudes and preferences of those who organize and operate that environment.
Four Perspectives on the Design of Learning Environments
In their book How People Learn: Brain, Mind, Experience, and School, Bransford, Brown, and Cocking (2003) describe four types of learning environments: learner-centered, knowledge-centered, assessment-centered, and community-centered.
Learner-centered environments. These focus on the attitudes, skills, knowledge, and beliefs that students bring to an instructional setting. In this environment, the instructor uses information about how the learners relate to the content as well as the learners’ preconceived ideas or misconceptions to create situations where the learners generate new (and hopefully improved) perceptions of the content.
Knowledge-centered environments. Focus on the information and activities that help learners develop an understanding of disciplines. In this environment, learners are exposed to well-organized knowledge in order to facilitate planning and strategic thinking.
Assessment-centered environments. Focus on providing opportunities for feedback and revision. In this environment, testing and critique are used to provide learners with opportunities to rethink and revise their ideas.
Community-centered environments. Focus on people learning from one another and contributing to the larger societies of people who share common interests and/or goals. In this environment, the connections between the instructional setting and world outside that setting are used to give the content greater meaning and place it in a more global context.
It is important to keep in mind that these are not mutually exclusive environments. Bransford et al. (2003) describe these environments as working together (see Figure 8.2), and they can be used to express the various perspectives through which any instructional situation might be viewed.
Figure 8.2 The Four Learning Environments Described by Bransford, Brown, and Cocking.
Source: Bransford, J., Brown, A.L., & Cocking, R.R. (2003). How people learn: Brain, mind, experience and school (2nd edn). Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
Directed and Open-Ended Learning Environments
Hannafin, Land, and Oliver (1999) describe two types of learning environments: directed and open-ended. A directed learning environment is one in which the instructional designer has determined specific learning objectives and prescribes structured activities in which participants demonstrate that they have learned by meeting the objectives. Most people are familiar with directed learning environments through personal experience. Traditional classrooms are directed learning environments organized around the practice of teaching content in increments through highly structured activities to meet externally generated objectives.
Open-ended learning environments differ from directed learning environments in that the learning goals and/or the method of pursuing those goals are determined in one of three ways (Hannafin et al., 1999).
Presenting the learner with a complex problem along with a specific task to complete.
Presenting the learner with a complex problem to explore (with no specific task to complete).
Helping the learner articulate a personalized problem to be solved or explored.
Both directed and open-ended learning environments operate by establishing instructional goals, but only directed environments require the creation of specific instructional objectives. Directed and open-ended learning environments each have their strengths (see Figure 8.3). Open-ended learning environments can be especially useful in promoting divergent thinking and are helpful in cases where multiple perspectives are valued. On the other hand, directed learning environments are particularly useful in situations where a variety of learners need to develop the same or similar knowledge, skills, or attitudes.
Figure 8.3 Directed and Open-Ended Learning Environments
Source: Adapted from Hannafin, M., Land, S., & Oliver, K. (1999). Open learning environment: Foundations, methods and models. In C.M. Reigeluth (ed.), Instructional design theories and models: A new paradigm of instructional theory (pp. 115–140). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
The differences between directed and open-ended learning environments echo two views of what a learner is. An instructor may perceive a learner as either a passive receiver of information or as an active participant in constructing his or her knowledge (see Figure 8.4).
Figure 8.4 Differences between Passive Reception and Active Participation
Source: Author
Cruikshank et al. (2012) make a distinction between direct (or expository) teaching and indirect teaching. Direct teaching places the instructor in the center of all activity. The instructor presents specific information and decides exactly what students will do and when they will do it. Direct teaching is most commonly employed in directed learning environments.
Indirect teaching places the instructor in a more peripheral position during learning activities. The instructor offers support and guidance while students approach an assigned problem in the ways that seem best to them. This approach is commonly employed in open-ended learning environments. A common expression that illustrates the two possibilities is the teacher as either “the sage on the stage” (direct) or the “guide on the side” (indirect).
Most educators perceive learners as being at some point on a continuous scale in which “completely passive” (they need to be guided through everything) and “completely active” (they can find everything on their own) are the extremes. Most educators recognize that learners fall somewhere in between these two extremes; therefore, activities that comprise both directed and open-ended learning environments almost never exist in complete isolation of one another. For example, a good problem-based learning activity will provide opportunities for learners to receive information presented by experts in a directed manner as well as participate in their own research and analysis, all of which lead to solving the problem. In any sequence of instruction that extends beyond a single instructional activity, it is entirely possible to make use of both direct and indirect approaches. For example, an instructor may spend most of his or her time as “the guide on the side” as students solve a prescribed problem, while on occasion employing direct teaching methods by making presentations or lecturing on a specific topic, thereby providing specific information that may help in solving the problem.
Professionals in Practice
When I produce an instructional event and I have selected classroom or live webinar as one of the formats, there are significant event planning steps required to ensure proper care of the participants and to ensure the best learner engagement. I am fortunate to have a team of specialists well versed in the art of loading courses into our learning management system and staging the event. Our standard processes include scheduling classroom space, facilitators, participant notifications and ordering of classroom materials. When the courses are to be conducted online, this same team manages the loading and testing of the courses followed by collecting and analyzing participant completion data and course evaluations.
Kenneth R. Hubbell SVP, Senior Manager, Instructional Design Strategy & Innovation, Wells Fargo Bank NA
Bill decides that the learning environment will be knowledge-centered. Because the writing center is intended to help students become better writers, Bill wants people to work in an atmosphere that focuses on the many aspects of the writing discipline. Furthermore, since the goal of the center is to provide instruction on a variety of fundamental and advanced writing activities based on individual needs, Bill decides the environment must be open-ended.
Carol decides the learning environment for the customer service supervisor training program will be assessment-centered. Because directed learning is required to help students meet a series of performance objectives, Carol thinks using testing and critique and providing opportunities for students to rethink and revise ideas will work well.
Instructional Activities
Instructional activities are the experiences designed to help students learn. These are the interactions and events in which people participate to gain new knowledge, skill, or insight. A wide variety of different activities are possible for just about any education situation. It is the instructional designer’s job to identify those activities that will work best based on the learners’ needs and instruction’s goals and objectives.
Most people are familiar with traditional instructional activities—such as lecture, presentation, demonstration, drill and practice, and question-and-answer—but there are also a number of other possibilities.
Problem-Based Learning
Problem-based learning (PBL) activities are open-ended learning situations. Students are presented with a problem that needs to be solved and are then encouraged to develop a solution to that problem by using the resources and tools available to them. Once the problem is presented to the class, students often work in groups to decide how to approach the problem and what information is necessary to form a reasonable solution. Students then conduct research apply what they discover to develop a solution to the problem. In the final phase of a PBL activity, students reflect on both the problem and their methods of developing a solution, summarizing and synthesizing what they have learned (Albion, 2003). As students engage in solving carefully contrived problems, they develop and refine their understanding of the subject matter in a highly personal and meaningful way.
As an example, some Master of Business Administration (MBA) programs employ a PBL approach by informing students at the beginning of a semester that they must submit their answer to a specific question by the end of that semester. The question may be something like, “Should company X acquire company Y?” Students then spend that semester engaging in research to learn more about the problems involved in answering the question, determining the best solution, and presenting their findings in such a way as to convince others that their course of action is best.
According to Hannafin et al. (1999), any open-ended learning environment should include four components to support the learners.
Enabling contexts. Articulated perspectives that influence how the approaches are planned and resources are interpreted.
Resources. A range of sources (print, electronic, human) that provides information about the problem.
Tools. The means for engaging and manipulating resources and ideas.
Scaffolding. Processes that support individual learning efforts.
These four components are critically important in creating an effective and truly educational problem-based learning situation.
Simulations and Games
Learning through simulation has long been part of human experience. Simulations are in essence evolving case studies that allow participants to examine issues and problems that arise in a specific situation (Gredler, 2004). Participants make decisions that affect the situation and experience the results of those decisions in an environment that does not affect the real world.
Simulation as an educational tool is particularly appealing for situations where physical safety is an issue. Activities that allow individuals to play out situations without placing anyone at risk have a long and honorable history. As an example, astronauts practice spacewalks in pools of water that simulate the conditions they will encounter in outer space; this is much safer than letting new astronauts experiment with spacewalking for the first time when they are in orbit around Earth. Proponents of simulations as an educational activity argue that humans have a natural tendency to learn through mimesis, that a simulation offers a safe environment in which to explore possibilities, and that there is a need for opportunities to experiment with decision-making before actually entering certain professional arenas. For example, the personnel of California’s San Onofre Nuclear Power Generating Station regularly reviews and explores the best methods of dealing with emergencies by staging simulated crises in a room designed to look exactly like the plant’s actual control center. Simulations can also be useful instructional activities for promoting better, more informed decision-making regardless of the relative safety of the real-world event (Brown, 1999). It seems students gain experience as multidimensional problem-solvers while engaged in instructional simulations (Brown, 1999; Gredler, 1996).
Professionals in Practice
When I was a public school teacher, I was a member of the executive council of my union. I was involved with negotiating a contract between teachers and the local board of education. Both sides agreed to facilitate the process by undergoing training from the Harvard Negotiation Project. One of the first things the project instructors had all of us do was participate in a simulation game that had all of us working on coming to an agreement over prices and wages for some fictitious community. Although I can barely remember the scenario or the rules, I remember clearly the lessons learned about combating the problem instead of combating the opposing team. That activity helped all of us as we entered into a particularly difficult contract negotiation.
Abbie Brown former teacher at George Washington Middle School Ridgewood, New Jersey
Instructional Games
Instructional games are a subset of instructional simulations. A game is an activity in which participants abide by specified rules as they strive (often competing against others) to achieve a specific goal (Smaldino, Lowther, & Russell, 2012). According to Gredler (2004), games can support four different instructional purposes.
To practice or refine knowledge or skills.
To identify gaps or weaknesses in knowledge or skills.
To review or summarize the content presented.
To illustrate and develop new concepts among concepts and principles.
Making use of games as instructional activity has a number of advantages: games keep learners interested in repetitious tasks (e.g., memorizing); well-designed games are fun to play and attractive to learners; and game play can provide a relaxed atmosphere for learning. However, games can also distract learners from focusing on the content if they are poorly designed or create an atmosphere of intense competition (where the goal of winning the game eclipses that of learning the content) (Smaldino et al., 2012). Depending on the construction and application of an instructional game, it may be oriented toward either a directed or open-ended environment.
One particularly popular game adaptation is based on the Jeopardy! television show. Within a directed learning environment, a review activity based on a popular television game show such as Jeopardy! can be an engaging and effective content review activity.
Just-in-Time Teaching
Just-in-time teaching or just-in-time instruction is currently a popular concept among educators. It is a strategy whereby direct instruction is provided based on the immediate needs expressed or indicated by students during a lesson or work period. Just-in-time teaching is adaptive; the instructor may choose from a number of short lessons prepared in advance or the instructor may improvise a brief lesson. The just-in-time approach makes use of direct teaching methods within an indirect teaching environment. The instructor takes the role of facilitator, providing short lessons that cover content the students themselves request.
Research Support for Instructional Practices
An instructional designer’s job includes making decisions about the instructional activities that are to be used to help learners meet specific goals and objectives. In making these decisions without falling into the cycle of only teaching the way we were taught, where should an instructional designer begin? One of the most valuable ways to think about this question is to look at the literature on teaching effectiveness. In doing so, the following question should be explored: what instructional practices and process have been validated by research data? Three major research studies or research meta-analyses give specific guidance in answering this question. The results of these studies can assist instructional designers in selecting appropriate and effective instructional activities.
One of the earliest and most helpful meta-analysis was conducted by Joyce and Weil (2008). They proposed systems of instruction (what they call “models”) that have research validation (see Figure 8.5). These models work better than other processes in accomplishing certain learning outcomes (goals). They have proposed four categories of models: personal, information processing, behavioral, and social. More than 20 models, which have substantial research validation, are presented in their book Models of Teaching (Joyce, Weil, & Calhoun, 2017).
Figure 8.5 Models of Teaching Validated by Research
Source: Joyce, B., Weil, M., & Calhoun, E. (2017). Models of teaching (9th edn). New York: Pearson Publishing.
Another meta-analysis of research-supported teaching practices appeared in 1993 when Ellis and Fouts published their first analysis involving innovations in education. The second edition of their book (1997) included the results of meta-analyses of 12 educational innovations. They proposed viewing the research on teaching practices on three research levels: basic, comparative, and evaluative.
Level I (basic) is pure research conducted in a laboratory setting. The purpose is to establish a “theoretical construct or idea as having some validity” (Ellis, 2001, p. 20). The research conducted at this stage is extremely useful but must be validated with continued research. This research typically has led to theories about learning, which are often then developed into programs or instructional methods.
Level II (comparative) research is designed to “test the efficacy of particular programs or instructional methods in educational settings. Educational researchers who are interested in applying theories and procedures developed at the pure or basic level generally conduct such studies” (Ellis, 2001, p. 22). The research conducted at this level is done in educational settings to determine how effective these particular instructional methods or programs are.
Level III (evaluative) research is designed to determine the efficacy of instructional methods or programs at a much larger level rather than in an isolated educational setting. Large-scale implementation of an instructional model or program is studied to examine its overall effects on various stakeholders (e.g., learners, instructors, customers).
Ellis (2005) and Ellis and Bond (2016) continue this analysis. Their work indicates that few educational innovations have sufficient research validation (Levels II and III) to prove their effectiveness. There are a few clear winners (teaching practices with research validation) and a few clear losers (teaching practices with little or no clear research validation), with the majority of educational innovations having mixed research support. The educational innovations found to be best supported by research include: direct instruction; cooperative learning; brain-based learning (neuroscience); and mastery learning.
Marzano, Pickering, and Pollock (2004) also conducted a meta-analysis of teaching practices research. In their book Classroom Instruction That Works: Research-Based Strategies for Increasing Student Achievement, they propose that teaching is rapidly becoming more of a science. The evidence examined so far indicate specific types of teaching practices have strong effects on student achievement and that these practices work well with all types of subject matter. We use Marzano, Pickering, and Pollock’s work, and the work of Dean, Ross Hubbell, Pitler, and Stone (2012), authors of the second edition of Classroom Instruction that Works, to organize the recommended instructional activities in the following section.
Activities Based on Proven Effective Practices
There are probably as many different kinds of specific learning activities as there are instructors. Every teacher has a few activities that have become his or her favorite through habit or a history of success. As a novice instructional designer developing your own repertoire of instructional activities, it is important to experiment with those that have the greatest potential to positively affect your students’ achievement. As mentioned previously, Marzano et al.’s (2004), and Dean et al.’s (2012) categories of instructional strategies are proven through research to have a strong effect on student achievement. The nine categories are as follows.
Identifying similarities and differences.
Summarizing and note-taking.
Reinforcing effort and providing recognition.
Homework and practice.
Nonlinguistic representations.
Cooperative learning.
Setting objectives and providing feedback.
Generating and testing hypotheses.
Questions, cues, and advance organizers.
Prescribing activities that employ these general strategies should therefore lead to a more successful and effective instructional design. The following is Marzano et al.’s (2004) and Dean et al.’s (2012) list expanded to include descriptions and specific examples of activities that can be prescribed.
Identifying Similarities and Differences
The ability to determine how things are alike and different is critically important and crucial for most forms of understanding. Specific instructional activities that can facilitate this process include the below.
○ Examples and non-examples. The essential instructional strategy activity that explores similarities and differences is the provision of examples and non-examples. It is not enough to simply describe what something is. It is important to also illustrate what something is not (for example, “a noun is a person, place, or thing. A noun is not an action word, nor is it a descriptive word.”).
Classifying
Classifying requires the organization of various elements, objects, or concepts according to their similarities. A critical task of classifying is identifying the rules that govern category relationship. Activities that support skill with classifying include the following.
○ Graphic organizers. A visual display that illustrates the classification of information can help students better understand the similarities and differences among various elements, objects, or concepts. Venn diagrams are popular graphic organizers for the display of sets and subsets. See Figures 8.6 and 8.7.
Figure 8.6 A Simple Venn Diagram Showing Sets and Subsets
Source: Author
Figure 8.7 A Simple Classification Chart
Source: Author
○ Scattergrams. An example of an instructional activity that requires students to organize information according the components’ similarities is a scattergram. The instructor provides a randomized display of the various elements, objects, and/or concepts that are the topic of study and asks students to organize them according to their similarities. This is an activity students may do on their own, as a class, or in small groups. Although there is usually no single correct method of organizing the data, a critically important aspect of this activity is the discussion of why students organized things as they did (this allows for clarification and guidance from the instructor and from peers). See Figure 8.8.
Figure 8.8 A Scattergram of Terms and Labels Used in the Order of the Reptile Class of Animals.
Source: Author
○ Analogies, Metaphors, and Similes. Another activity that explores the similarities and differences of elements, objects, and concepts is the development of analogies (“A is to B as C is to D”), metaphors (“A is D”), and similes (“A is like D”). The exploration of analogies, metaphors, and similes can encourage students to draw on their own experiences to better understand new information.
Professionals in Practice
In teaching instructional design, I often ask students to develop a simile that compares the production process to the students’ previous experiences. Asking students to complete a sentence such as, “Instructional design is like …” often results in deeply insightful statements that, when shared with the entire class, cause everyone to understand multimedia production a bit better than they did before. It often increases my understanding of how better to describe the process as well.
Abbie Brown Professor at East Carolina University
Summarizing and Note-Taking
While these are often considered study skills and are not often addressed as part of an instructional design after high school, summarizing and note-taking have proven themselves to be highly effective instructional activities for both adolescent and adult learners. Activities that facilitate summarizing and note-taking include the following.
○ “Ten and Two.” Common wisdom among experienced instructors is the rule of “ten and two” (ten minutes of presentation; two minutes of synthesis). During formal instruction, schedule a brief, relatively informal review and synthesis activity after about ten minutes of formal presentation. Students may turn to a neighbor and discuss the information presented or they may review and compare their notes. After this review and synthesis, the instructor invites questions and offers clarifications on the material presented.
○ Reflective writing. Students may be asked to generate a written response to the information presented. This gives students an opportunity to reflect on and make personal connection with the material. As with the “ten and two” activity, it is important to follow reflective writing with a question-and-answer period.
○ Reciprocal teaching. In this activity, small groups of students gather together and teach each other the content dictated by the instructional goals and objectives. One student takes the role of group leader and directs the discussion, but all members of the group are responsible for reviewing, clarifying, and summarizing the information.
○ Revising and adding to notes. An effective instructional activity that is often overlooked is the revision of notes taken during presentation. Students work individually or in small groups to revise and add to their notes in order to summarize and synthesize the material.
Reinforcing Effort and Providing Recognition
Critically important to student success is the belief that effort ultimately enhances achievement. Students who believe in the importance of effort are much more likely to succeed. Finding ways to recognize and reward effort made is therefore an activity that can increase the efficiency and effectiveness of an instructional design.
○ Pause, prompt, and praise. This is an activity that can be extremely important in helping students achieve success, but it is not possible to schedule this precisely into an instructional design. If the instructor notices a student or students struggling with a task, the students are asked to pause what they are doing in order to discuss the problems they have encountered. The instructor then offers a prompt, suggesting a way of working around or through the problem (see the description of just-in-time teaching). If the students succeed by implementing the suggestion, the instructor offers praise for a job well done.
○ Rewards and symbols of recognition. An instructional design may have built into it methods of rewarding and recognizing student success. Students may receive tokens (small prizes) or they may see their name highlighted in a place of honor. These extrinsic rewards do not diminish intrinsic motivation if they are given rewards for accomplishing specific performance goals (Dean et al., 2012; Marzano et al., 2004).
Homework and Practice
Research indicates that homework and practice increase achievement and learning (Dean et al., 2012; Marzano et al., 2004). It is also a natural, intuitive assumption that the more one practices, the better one becomes with just about anything. Assigning activities that promote repeated practice is a recommended component of most instructional designs. Activities that promote practice include the following.
○ Speed and accuracy reporting. For instruction that has skill development as one of its goals, requiring students to keep track of their speed and accuracy is a very good idea. Have students keep a progress chart for themselves that tracks individual progress.
○ Homework. Assigning activities to be completed outside of formal class time can extend learning opportunities as well as give students a chance for more practice. Assuming the instruction requires multiple class meetings, assign homework that includes a clear statement of the assignment’s purpose and outcome; this lets students know why they are performing the task and what they should focus on. Be prepared to offer feedback on homework assignments at subsequent class meetings; offering feedback greatly increases the effectiveness of homework as an instructional activity.
Nonlinguistic Representations
A popular psychological theory known as dual coding (Pavio, 1990) suggests that humans store information in two forms: linguistic and in the form of imagery. The imagery mode is a combination of mental pictures, physical sensations (touch, taste, smell), kinesthetic associations, or sound. The linguistic mode is the one most commonly used to present instructional material (through the use of lecture, assigned reading, and question-and-answer sessions). However, research indicates that the more people make use of both linguistic and imagery modes, the better they are able to analyze and recall information. Nonlinguistic representations include the following.
○ Illustrations and animations: The research of psychologists such as Richard Mayer (2001) suggest that recall is enhanced when learning activities include graphics and animated sequences that illustrate the content. There is evidence to suggest that memory for pictures is generally better than memory for words; this is referred to as the picture superiority effect (Anglin, Vaez, & Cunningham, 2004). However, animations should be used judiciously because research indicates that they are effective primarily as attention-getting devices or in situations where the learners are not novices with the content and have some knowledge of how to attend relevant cues and details provided by animation (Anglin et al., 2004).
○ Graphic organizers. Graphic organizers, discussed earlier in this chapter (see the section on classifying), are actually a combination of the linguistic and imagery mode because they use words and phrases organized in descriptive patterns. See Figure 8.9.
Figure 8.9 A Graphic Organizer Illustrating the Rather Convoluted Family Relationships in the Legend of King Arthur
Source: Author
○ Sound. The use of sound effects and nonspeech audio (music, background noises) can have a profound effect on learners recall. Sound cues support the acquisition, processing, and retrieval of new information in a variety of ways (Bishop & Cates, 2001). The programs of National Public Radio that incorporate background noises and sound effects are good examples of how nonlinguistic sound can be used to enhance the presentation of information in a way that stimulates the listener’s ability to attend to and recall the information presented.
○ Kinesthetic representation. Creating physical models or working with manipulative representations (such as the Cuisenaire rods used in elementary math classes) can help learners interpret and understand information through the sense of touch and movement.
Cooperative Learning
Students working together to accomplish a task is currently a very popular approach, and there is research to suggest that cooperative learning is an effective and efficient instructional activity (Ellis, 2005). Cooperative learning experts David Johnson and Roger Johnson (1999) outline five defining elements of cooperative learning: positive interdependence (everyone working together to succeed); face-to-face promotive interaction (offering help and praise to group members); individual and group accountability (each member contributing to the group’s success); interpersonal and small group skills (communication, decision-making, conflict resolution); and group processing (reflecting on how the group functions and how its functioning can be improved). Cooperative learning activities are particularly helpful to low- and middle-achieving learners when the groups consist of heterogeneous combinations of low-, middle-, and high-achieving students. All indications are that cooperative learning works best when groups are kept relatively small (three or four students per group). The best cooperative learning activities are well-structured with clearly defined goals and expectations. Because cooperative learning is particularly popular at this time, it is important not to overuse this type of activity at the expense of independent practice and skill development.
Setting Objectives and Providing Feedback
In Chapter 6, we discussed the importance of determining instructional goals and the common practice of creating instructional objectives that accompanied these goals. It is true that setting instructional objectives (determining the expected outcome of the instructional activity) promotes efficient instruction. However, in some cases, setting objectives may cause the instruction to be too efficient in a limited manner. Research indicates that objectives carefully specified by the instructional designer may actually cause a decrease in students’ general learning. Students may focus so completely on the specified objective that they do not explore the material in a way that allows them to develop broader or deeper understanding of the general topic (Dean et al., 2012; Marzano et al., 2004; Walberg, 1999). If the goal is for students to develop a personalized, broader, and deeper understanding of a topic, they should be encouraged to personalize the instructional goals by creating their own learning objectives. The instructor then works with the student, providing feedback on how well the student’s objectives align with the instructional goals and whether the student is meeting his or her objectives. Activities that support setting objectives and providing feedback include the following.
Contracts. A popular activity that supports setting personalized learning objectives is the student contract. Students work with the instructor to develop their own individualized learning contracts, stating objectives that relate to both the instructional goals and to the students’ personal interests, strengths, or weaknesses.
Critique sessions. The instructor, other students, or groups of students offer feedback as to whether the individual or group is accomplishing stated objectives. Group-to-group critique sessions are particularly effective as part of cooperative learning activities. Feedback should be some combination of positive and corrective; formal critique sessions often follow a format that offers three categories of feedback; “what I see” (statements of exactly what the reviewer perceives), “what I like” (statements of what the reviewer is positively impressed with), and “what I think needs improvement” (statements of what the reviewer finds problematic).
Generating and Testing Hypotheses
Having students make predictions and conduct experiments based on those predictions is a good way to improve student achievement (Dean et al., 2012; Marzano et al., 2004). There are essentially two methods of generating hypotheses: inductive reasoning and deductive reasoning. Inductive reasoning is the process of drawing new conclusions from available information. Deductive reasoning is the process of using general rules (heuristics) to predict a future action or event. In generating hypotheses as a classroom activity, students may use inductive or deductive reasoning, or a combination of the two. However, it is important to have students explain their thinking (and perhaps even explain whether they are working inductively or deductively) in order to gain the greatest benefit from any hypothesis-generation activity. Although creating and testing hypotheses is most often associated with science, it is possible to make very good use of this activity in many other content areas. For example, high-school students studying the short-story form might be asked to predict a story’s outcome before completing the story. As another example, adults learning a specific administrative process might be asked to predict the follow-up tasks involved upon completing the process. Hypotheses generating activities get students to explore the content of the lesson more thoroughly. They also can cause students to think more about their own thinking process (metacognition), which helps students become better decision-makers and problem-solvers.
Questions, Cues, and Advance Organizers
The strategies of introducing a topic by asking questions about that topic or by providing some type of preview of the topic (cues and advance organizers) are intended to help students retrieve what they already know that is related to the topic and prepare them to receive new information in the best frame of mind. Research on questions, cues, and advance organizers indicates they are an effective and efficient instructional activity (Dean et al., 2012; Marzano et al., 2004). General rules that apply to all question, cue, and advance organizer strategies are as follows.
Focus should always be on what is important about the topic (as opposed to focusing on what is unusual about the topic).
Questions and cues that require students to analyze information produce more learning than questions that require simple recall.
Having posed a question, waiting briefly before accepting student responses can increase the depth of those responses (teachers are typically instructed to mentally take a slow “three count” before accepting responses from students).
Advance organizers can take a variety of forms. Before proceeding with instruction, consider the following.
Students may be encouraged to skim the content.
The instructor may tell a brief story that relates to the content.
An agenda or outline may be provided to students.
A graphic organizer may be provided to students.
Students may be given a writing prompt related to the content.
The activities described in this section are only a sample of the myriad activities that are used for instruction. However, these activities have the advantage of having some research-based support for their use.
Bill has decided that the writing center will provide activities that include problem-based learning in which small groups of students will edit poorly written sample papers, as well as one-to-one tutoring that provides scaffolding for students to improve and increase their writing skills. The center will make available a variety of text and computer-based resources that students may use at any time, and it will conduct workshops throughout the year, the topics of which will be decided by student surveys. The center will also provide progress charts to help students keep track of their development by recording the results of writing evaluations conducted at the center and grades received on written assignments.
Carol has decided that the customer service supervisor training program will consist of a series of presentations and lectures combined with simulations, games, and reciprocal teaching activities in which participants will engage to increase their skills and abilities in order to meet the program’s performance objectives. Each training session will begin with an advance organizing activity, and those who complete the training program will receive a framed certificate as a symbol of recognition.
Learning Environments, Activities, and the Instructional Design Process
Specifying the learning environment and instructional activities is an important part of the instructional design process. It should help you answer the following questions.
Will the learning environment be open-ended or directed?
Will the learning environment be oriented toward the learner, knowledge, assessment, community, or some combination of these four?
What teaching strategies will be employed?
What will the students do during the instruction that will help them learn the content?
How are the instructional activities you prescribe supported by research that indicates their effectiveness?
Summary
The activities in which the learners participate to again knowledge, skill, or insight are the single-most important part of an instructional design. Instructional designers prescribe specific activities based on the information gathered during task, learner, and goals analyses. Something to be mindful of is the fact that most people will naturally recommend the instructional activities that they themselves learned from and/or that best fit their preferred learning style; an instructional designer does not have the luxury of prescribing only those activities that he or she prefers. The number and order of the activities prescribed define the scope and sequence of the instruction. There are essentially two types of learning environments: directed and open-ended. Directed learning environments are ones in which the instructional designer determines specific learning objectives and prescribes structured activities in which participants demonstrate they have learned by meeting those objectives. Open-ended learning environments either present learners with a complex problem to complete or explore or help the learner determine a personalized problem to be solved or explored. Problem-based learning and instructional simulations are examples of open-ended learning situations. Instructional games—a subset of simulations—are activities that may be applied in either directed or open-ended environments. Instructional activities that have a strong research base to prove their efficacy are identifying similarities and differences; summarizing and note-taking; reinforcing effort and providing recognition; homework and practice; nonlinguistic representations; cooperative learning; setting objectives and providing feedback; generating and testing hypotheses; and questions, cues, and advance organizers.
Chapter Comprehension Questions
The activities and events an instructional designer recommends after needs, task, and learner analyses are sometimes referred to as ________.
Descriptions.
Prescriptions.
Diagnoses.
Assessments.
When designing instruction it is important to avoid making use of activities that are comfortable to you simply because they were used on you when you were a student.
True.
False.
A directed learning environment ________.
Presents structured activities in which students demonstrate learning by meeting specific objectives.
Presents learners with a complex problem to explore.
Helps the learner articulate a personalized problem to explore.
Does not assess student progress.
Both directed and open-ended learning environments operate by establishing instructional goals, but only directed environments require the creation of specific instructional objectives.
True.
False.
Direct teaching ________.
Is not an effective instructional strategy.
Works best when the instructor takes the role of “guide on the side.”
Places the instructor at the center of all activity.
Does not require an instructor.
A problem-based learning activity ________.
Is an open-ended learning situation.
Places the instructor at the center of all activity.
Requires students to work individually.
Is also known as a lecture.
An activity in which participants abide by specified rules as they strive to achieve a specific goal known as ________.
A lab environment.
Just-in-time teaching.
An instructional game.
Brain-based instruction.
A visual display that illustrates the classification of information is known as ________.
A lecture.
A simulation.
A metaphor.
A graphic organizer.
Illustrations and animations are a form of ________.
Nonlinguistic representation.
Direct instruction.
Simulation.
Open-ended learning.
Students working together to accomplish a task is referred to as ________.
Problem-based learning.
Cooperative learning.
Direct instruction.
A student contract.
Connecting Process to Practice Activities
Bill chose to create a knowledge-center environment for his community college’s writing center. He might have chosen to create a learner-centered environment instead. What are the advantages and disadvantages to selecting a learner-centered environment in this case? What might be the advantages and disadvantages of creating a blended learner-centered and knowledge-centered environment?
How might Carol make use of both direct and indirect teaching strategies in her company’s customer service supervisor training program?
You have been contracted by a hospital to develop instruction for new volunteers on how to work with patients and their families. What type of learning environment would you recommend establishing for this group?
As the instructional designer for a large corporation, you have been assigned the task of creating a 90-minute workshop on office safety and emergency preparedness. What activities might you include in this workshop?
You are a fifth-grade schoolteacher. One of your district’s objectives for all fifth-grade students is that by the end of the school year, they will be able to correctly identify the nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs used in a paragraph of expository text. What activities might you prescribe for your students throughout the school year to help meet this objective?
A professor of American history would like her students to develop greater understanding of what life was like in Chicago during the “Roaring 20s.” What instructional activities might you recommend to her?
Recommended Reading
Bransford, J., Brown, A.L., & Cocking, R.R. (2003). How people learn: Brain, mind, experience and school (2nd edn). Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
Hyerle, D. (1996). Visual tools for constructing knowledge. Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.
Dean, C.B., Ross Hubbell, E., Pitler, H., & Stone, B.J. (2012). Classroom instruction that works: Research-based strategies for increasing student achievement (2nd edn). Alexandria, VA: ASCD.
References
Albion, P.R. (2003). PBL + IMM = PBL2: Problem based learning and interactive multimedia development. Journal of Technology and Teacher Education, 11(2), 243–257.
Anglin, G.J., Vaez, H., & Cunningham, K.L. (2004). Visual representations and learning: The role of static and animated graphics. In D.H. Jonassen (ed.), Handbook of research for educational communications and technology (2nd edn, pp. 865–916). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Bishop, M.J. & Cates, W.M. (2001). Theoretical foundations for sound’s use in multimedia instruction to enhance learning. Educational Technology Research and Development, 49(3), 5–22.
Bransford, J., Brown, A.L., & Cocking, R.R. (2003). How people learn: Brain, mind, experience and school (2nd edn). Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
Brown, A. (1999). Simulated classrooms and artificial students: The potential effects of new technologies on teacher education. Journal of Research on Computing in Education, 32(2), 307–318.
Cruikshank, D.R., Bainer, D.L., & Metcalf, K.K. (1999). The act of teaching (2nd edn). New York: McGraw-Hill College.
Cruikshank, D.R., Bainer, D.L., & Metcalf, K.K. (2012). The act of teaching (6th edn). New York: McGraw-Hill College.
Dean, C.B., Ross Hubbell, E., Pitler, H., & Stone, B. (2012). Classroom instruction that works: Research-based strategies for increasing student achievement (2nd edn). Alexandria, VA: ASCD.
Ellis, A.K. (2001). Research on educational innovations (3rd edn). Larchmont, NY: Eye on Education.
Ellis, A.K. (2005). Research on educational innovations (4th edn). Larchmont, NY: Eye on Education.
Ellis, A.K. & Bond, J.B. (2016). Research on educational innovations (5th edn). New York: Routledge.
Ellis, A.K. & Fouts, J.T. (1997). Research on educational innovations (2nd edn). Larchmont, NY: Eye on Education.
Gredler, M. (1996). Educational games and simulations: A technology in search of a (research) paradigm. In D.H. Jonassen (ed.), Handbook of research for educational communications and technology (pp. 521–540). New York: Simon and Schuster Macmillan.
Gredler, M. (2004). Games and simulations and their relationships to learning. In D.H. Jonassen (ed.), Handbook of research for educational communications and technology (2nd edn, pp. 571–581). London and New York: Routledge.
Hannafin, M., Land, S., & Oliver, K. (1999). Open learning environment: Foundations, methods and models. In C.M. Reigeluth (ed.), Instructional design theories and models: A new paradigm of instructional theory (pp. 115–140). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Earlbaum Associates.
Johnson, D.W. & Johnson, R.T. (1999). Learning together and alone: Cooperative, competitive and individualistic learning. Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
Joyce, B., Weil, M., & Calhoun, E. (2017). Models of teaching (9th edn). New York: Pearson Publishing.
Marzano, R.J., Pickering, D.J., & Pollock, J.E. (2004). Classroom instruction that works: Research-based strategies for increasing student achievement. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Mayer, R. (2001). Multimedia learning. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Pavio, A. (1990). Mental representations: A dual coding approach. New York: Oxford University Press.
Smaldino, S., Lowther, D.L., & Russell, J.D. (2012). Instructional technology and media for learning (10th edn). Boston, MA: Pearson.
Walberg, H.J. (1999). Productive teaching. In H.C. Waxman & H.J. Walberg (eds), New directions for teaching practice and research (pp. 75–104). Berkeley, CA: McCutcheon Publishing Corporation.
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Running head: GUIDED IMAGERY AND PROGRESSIVE MUSCLE RELAXATION
2
2
Conducting a Learner Analysis
Ronda Kemp
The University of Arizona Global Campus
EDU 120 Principles of Instructional Design
Renae Buss
2/27/23
The Conducting a Learner Analysis paper
Each training or instructional program’s effectiveness is dependent on identifying and assessing the learners who will benefit from it. Knowing the audience’s traits and requirements is crucial in planning successful training or education. This is especially crucial in firms that have a varied workforce and workers with varying requirements and incentives. This article will examine the learners in a particular organization in order to better understand their requirements, traits, and attitudes toward training and education.
The organization selected for this analysis is XYZ Corporation, a multinational technology company with operations in several countries. Verse, comprising employees of different ages, genders, nationalities, and cultural backgrounds. The company has a workforce of around 15,000 employees globally, most of which are employed in production and manufacturing.
In the following sections of the paper, we will analyze the audience’s general characteristics, prior knowledge and skills, attitude and motivation levels, learning preferences, and how the training or instruction will support diversity, equity, and inclusion for employees in the workplace. We will use relevant sources to support our analysis and conclusions.
General Characteristics
Making effective training or educational materials requires thinking about the demographics of the intended learners. The ages of the organization’s trainees range from 25 to 50, with the bulk falling in the late 30s and early 40s. It has been suggested by Brusso et al. (2016) that a person’s learning preferences and styles change with age. So, it is essential to take into account the age range of the target audience while creating educational materials.
There is a small majority of women among the student body, but the distribution is otherwise quite even. Gulliford et al. (2018) found that women generally outperformed men in areas like paying attention to detail and verbal communication abilities. Thus, it’s crucial to take sex differences into account while creating educational resources.
The educational level of the learners in the organization ranges from a high school diploma to a master’s degree. Research by Meyers-Levy and Zhu (2018) suggests that academic level can affect cognitive processing styles, with individuals with higher levels of education exhibiting more analytical and detailed processing styles. As such, it is vital to consider the educational level of the intended audience when designing instructional materials.
Prior Knowledge and Skills
Prior knowledge and skills of the learners are crucial when designing a training or instruction program. It is essential to assess the current abilities of the learners to ensure that the program meets their learning needs effectively. According to Briggs et al. (2016), learners with varying levels of prior knowledge and skills require different approaches to learning. Hence, it is crucial to identify the specific content knowledge and computer literacy the learners possess before designing the instruction.
Learners in the organization examined in Week 2’s “Assessing Instructional Needs” discussion have varying degrees of familiarity with computers and the subject matter covered in class. Pew Research Center (2021) found that a 31percent of smartphone users enroll in online courses. This compares to 77 percent of all U.S. adults who use smartphones overall. Yet, there is no assurance that all employees are sufficiently computer literate to benefit from online instruction. Learners would benefit most from this course if they have some familiarity with computers and the internet.
Motivation and Attitude
This training program’s target audience is intrinsically motivated, as they are in leadership positions and committed to improving their skills to lead their teams effectively. However, the company acknowledges that some employees may have varying levels of motivation, and the training program will incorporate strategies that appeal to both intrinsically and extrinsically motivated individuals. For instance, the program will include incentives such as promotions, salary increases, and other benefits for participants who demonstrate exceptional performance after the training.
Preferred Learning Styles
The target audience comprises adult learners who have different learning styles and preferences. According to Gardner (2011), adult learners are more self-directed and goal-oriented and prefer learning that is relevant and applicable to their work. Therefore, the training program will use a blended learning approach, including interactive activities, case studies, group discussions, self-paced learning modules, and practical exercises. Using technology-enabled learning tools such as webinars, videos, and podcasts will enable employees to learn at their own pace and in a way that aligns with their preferred learning style.
Supporting Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion
Supporting Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) is crucial to effective training programs. DEI refers to creating an environment where individuals feel valued, respected, and supported, regardless of race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, age, religion, or physical ability. According to research, companies that embrace DEI principles experience a range of benefits, including increased employee engagement, improved decision-making, enhanced creativity, and higher levels of innovation (Catalyst, 2021). Therefore, it is essential to ensure that training programs are designed to support diversity, equity, and inclusion in the workplace.
In addition, it is essential to provide several points of view in the training materials themselves. Meaningful inclusion of diverse perspectives requires the use of real-world examples, case studies, and hypothetical situations. According to research published in the Harvard Business Review, “when people encounter diversity and inclusion content relevant to their personal experience, they are more likely to feel engaged, motivated, and empowered to learn” (Kramer et al., 2020, p. 2).
In conclusion, this learner analysis provided insight into the intended audience’s general characteristics, prior knowledge and skills, attitude and motivational levels, preferred learning styles, diversity, equity, and inclusion. This information will guide the development of a training program that meets the learning needs of the non-profit organization’s employees.
References
American Society for Training and Development (ASTD). (2014). 2014 state of the industry report. Alexandria, VA: ASTD Press.
Baker, S. A. (2014). Rethinking instructor presence in the online classroom. Journal of Online Learning and Teaching, 10(2), 267-275.
Brown, A., & Green, T. (2020). The essentials of instructional design: Connecting fundamental principles with process and practice. New York, NY: Routledge.
Gardner, H. (2011). Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences. Basic Books.
Gardner, J. (2011, November 21). The role of the instructor in blended learning [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=90W5YhypwV0
GMCTL UofS. (2013). Universal Design for Learning Guidelines Version 2.0. University of Saskatchewan. https://www.usask.ca/gmcte/resources/universal-design-for-learning-guidelines.php
GMCTL UofS. (2013, May 6). Designing online courses for student engagement and learning [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KX8ZPt2Bgo
Victor, A. (2017). Designing effective training programs: A guide to systematic training cycle. New York, NY: Routledge.
5
“Compare Behaviorist, Cognitive, Constructivist, And Social Learning Theories”
While behaviorist, constructivist, cognitive, and social learning theories are all popular in the area of education, there are significant variations between them. For example, the behaviorist learning model emphasizes the stimulus-response interactions that underlie learning, with a focus on influencing behavior through reward and punishment. Cognitive learning theory, on the contrary, is involved with the mental processes that underpin learning, with an emphasis on processing information, memory, and meta-cognition Schwartz, 2018).
While the core concepts of the theories vary, they do have certain commonalities. For instance, all four theories recognize the value of feedback in the learning process and recognize that learners bring their past knowledge and experiences to new learning circumstances. Furthermore, although they interpret context differently, all four theories emphasize the relevance of context in affecting the learning process.
One way these ideas may affect instructional design is through the selection of teaching tactics. behaviorist theory suggests using reinforcement schedules and other types of conditioning to modify student conduct. Cognitive theory suggests using tactics including chunking, elaboration, and repetition to assist learners to comprehend and recall new knowledge. The constructivist approach would urge teachers to employ structuring, inquiry-based learning, and group discussions to assist students in developing their understanding of new topics. According to social learning theory, modeling, and observational learning may be utilized to assist pupils to learn new skills and behaviors.
Offering a scholar, a prize for reading a chapter in a book is an example of a behaviorist learning activity that would complement their behavior and encourage them to study more. Students might practice repeating a memorizing strategy for remembering a list of essential concepts as a cognitive learning activity to help them recall the material more quickly (Khalil and Elkhider, 2016). As a constructivist learning activity, students might participate in a project-based learning experience in which they study a topic and develop a presentation to share with the class, allowing them to construct their knowledge of the issue (Schwartz, 2018).
I favor constructivist learning theory since it corresponds to my personal experience as a student. I learn best when I can relate the new material to my existing knowledge and experiences, and when I can participate in active, inquiry-based learning activities. I like how constructivist theory respects the learner’s agency and autonomy and promotes a collaborative, student-centered approach to learning.
In conclusion, cognitive, constructivist, behaviorist, and social learning theories are all significant in the area of education, and while their essential ideas differ, they share certain key commonalities. Each theory provides insights into the learning process, and each may be used in the design of teaching in a variety of ways, depending on the aims of the lesson and the requirements of the learners.
References
Brown, A. H., & Green, T. D. (2020). The essentials of instructional design: Connecting fundamental principles with process and practice (4th ed.). Routledge.
Culatta, R., & Kearsley, G. (2020). Conditions of learning (Robert Gagne). InstructionalDesign. org.. http://www.instructionaldesign.org/theories/conditions-learning.html
Khalil, M. K., & Elkhider, I. A. (2016). Applying learning theories and instructional design models for effective instruction. Advances in Physiology Education, 40(2), 147–156. https://doi.org/10.1152/advan.00138.2015
Schwartz, K. (2018, May 16). What learning theories should inform educational practice? [Blog post]. The Learning Scientists. https://www.learningscientists.org/blog/2018/5/16-1
Week 4: Sequencing and Developing Instruction
Ronda Kemp
The University of Arizona Global Campus
EDU 120 Principles of Instructional Design
Renae Buss
3/5/2023
Instructional Goals
As an instructional designer for Healthfirst, a healthcare organization, I have identified the need to reduce medication errors made by nurses (Ramanujam et al., 2017). These errors are due to poor communication, lack of knowledge, and inadequate training. They can lead to harm, disability, or even death in patients. A training program must be implemented to equip nurses with the necessary knowledge and skills to prevent medication errors and promote patient safety. Developing clear goals is crucial in instructional design because it guides the focus of instruction and ensures that the training program aligns with the organization’s objectives (Morrison, Ross, and Kemp, 2019).
Instructional Objectives
Goal and Objective Alignment
Goal |
State Objective 1 |
State Objective 2 |
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State Goal 1; Improve communication among healthcare team members to ensure accurate medication administration. |
(Knowledge level): As the training program ends, nurses will be in a position to identify at least three effective communication strategies to use when administering medication. |
(Application level): As the training program ends, nurses will be in a position to identify at least three effective communication strategies when administering medication to patients. |
|||
State Goal 2: Increase nurses’ knowledge and skills in medication administration to prevent medication errors. |
(Comprehensive level): As the training program ends, nurses will be in a position to explain the six rights of medication administration and their importance in preventing medication errors. |
(Analysis level): As the training program ends, nurses will be in a position to analyze medication orders to ensure accuracy before administering medication to patients. |
Analysis of The Objective
Reason each objective is measurable and meaningful. The part of the objective that is the performance, criteria, and condition
State Objective 1; Increase nurses’ knowledge of medication administration practices to prevent medication errors. |
State Objective 2: Enhance nurses’ communication skills to prevent medication errors. |
|
Measurable |
The objective is measurable because the increase in nurses’ knowledge can be assessed through pre-and post-tests. |
Enhancing nurses’ communication skills can be assessed through role-playing exercises and feedback. |
Meaningful |
The objective is meaningful because it directly addresses the reason for reducing medical errors by nurses and improve patient safety. |
The objective is meaningful because communication breakdowns are a common cause of medication errors, and enhancing communication skills can prevent such errors and improve patient safety. |
Performance |
Increase nurses’ knowledge of medication administration practices. |
Enhance nurses’ communication skills. |
Criteria |
Prevent medication errors. |
|
Condition |
None stated |
The training program will use evidence-based communication strategies and provide practice and feedback opportunities. |
Note: Add additional column for objectives if needed.
Bloom Taxonomy
Verb |
The rationale for verb selection |
Knowledge |
At the end the training program, the nurses will be in a position to define effective communication in healthcare settings. |
Comprehensive |
At the end the training program, the nurses will be in a position identify common communication breakdowns in healthcare settings that lead to medication errors. |
Application |
At the end the training program, the nurses will be in a position to demonstrate effective communication skills in simulated medication administration scenarios. |
Tasks Analysis
The tasks that the learners must complete to achieve the instructional objectives.
Objectives |
Tasks |
|||
Knowledge and Comprehension |
Apply medication administration procedures to different medication administration scenario. This will require learners to apply medication administration procedures to different medication administration scenarios, promoting their skills in medication administration. |
Analyze medication administration errors and propose solutions. It will require learners to analyze medication administration errors and propose solutions, promoting critical thinking and problem-solving skills. |
Provide feedback to other learners on their use of effective communication strategies. Engage in simulated interprofessional communication scenarios and apply developed strategies. |
|
Application and Analysis |
Apply medication administration procedures to different medication administration scenarios. Will require learners to apply medication administration procedures to different medication administration scenarios, promoting their skills in medication administration |
Discuss and share findings with other learners. |
Task Rational
The identified tasks will help learners achieve the objectives by providing prospects to practice and apply their knowledge and skills in real-world scenarios. Each task is designed to target specific learning outcomes aligned with the objectives.
For example, in Objective 1, Task 1 requires learners to read and analyze a case study on effective communication in the workplace. This task will help learners develop their analytical and critical thinking skills, as well as their understanding of effective communication strategies. Task 2 requires learners to practice writing an email using the strategies they learned in Task 1. This task will allow learners to apply their knowledge and skills in a practical context, which will help them build their confidence and competence in communicating effectively in the workplace.
In terms of sequencing, the tasks have been organized in a logical and progressive manner. Each task builds on the previous one, with increasing levels of complexity and difficulty. For example, in Objective 2, Task 1 requires learners to read and analyze a financial statement, while Task 2 requires them to create their financial statement based on a data set. This sequencing allows learners to gradually develop their knowledge and skills step-by-step, which will help them retain information better and build a strong foundation for further learning.
References
Armstrong, P. (2010). Bloom’s taxonomy. Vanderbilt University Center for Teaching. https://cft.vanderbilt.edu/guides-sub-pages/blooms-taxonomy/
Institute of Medicine. (2006). Preventing medication errors: Quality chasm series. National Academies Press.
Morrison, G. R., Ross, S. M., & Kemp, J. E. (2019). Designing effective instruction. John Wiley & Sons.
Peck, K. L. (2021). Designing instructional strategies: The essential guide. Routledge.
Ramanujam, R., Ustun, B., & Venkataraman, V. (2017). Medication errors: Prevention using information technology systems. International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Marketing, 11(3), 246-266.
The ADDIE Model
Ronda Kemp
The University of Arizona Global Campus
EDU 120 Principles of Instructional Design
Renae Buss
2/13/2023
z
Analysis
At this stage, the situation is analyzed
It is an important stage because it identifies gaps
This stage expects to reveal areas that need development training
Junior employees are key stakeholders in this stage
z
The analysis stage is the first step which involves the assessment of the situation (Culatta, n.d). This identifies gaps that should be sealed. Analysis provides useful information that will be used to design the training program. It is among the most important stages because provides a foundation for the rest of the process.
2
Design
The learning program is created at this stage
This phase is important because it forms the foundation of the training process
For instance, a decision is made on the best way to training employees
Senior managers are key here
z
In the designing phase, a determination is made of the best way to handle the training (Brown & Green, 2020). Senior managers are important stakeholders in this phase because they will inform on the available resources that can be used in the training process.
3
Development
The training course is built at this phase
This phase outlines all aspects that will be covered in the program
The greatest deliverable here is the scope of the content
Training and development supervisors are important stakeholders in this phase
z
The development phase involves building the course that will be used in the training. It is a phase that lays out the outline of what should be covered in the training and the expected achievements. It involves the practical part of coming up with a real plan. Training and development experts are important stakeholders in this stage because they help in creating the relevant course.
4
Implementation
In the implementation phase, employees undergo the training
It is an important stage because it enables employees to gain skills
Deliverables include employees having a better understanding
Employees and trainers are the biggest stakeholders in this phase
z
The implementation phase involves employees interacting with the course for the first time (Clark, 1995). They are trained about different concepts which they need to improve their skills and performance. Trainers play an important role because they help in the implementation stage by training the employees. This is an important stage because it is intended to put the plan into action and train the employees on relevant aspects.
5
Evaluation
This phase determines whether or not the training program is meeting its goals
It is important because it indicates if there is improvement or if modifications should be done
This stage reveals the performance of the program
z
The evaluation process involves examining the training processes to determine its performance. This will reveal whether or not the program is successful or not. An effective evaluation will inform on the decision that needs to be taken to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the program.
6
References
Brown, A. H., & Green, T. D. (2020). The essentials of instructional design: Connecting fundamental principles with process and practice (4th ed.). Routledge
Clark, D. (1995, July 13). ADDIE timeline Links to an external site.. Big Dog and Little Dog’s Performance Juxtaposition.
http://www.nwlink.com/~donclark/history_isd/addie.html#model
Culatta, R. (n.d.-a). ADDIE model. InstructionalDesign.org. https://www.instructionaldesign.org/models/addie/#:~:text=The%20ADDIE%20model%20is%20the,training%20and%20performance%20support%20tools
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