. Watch/read the Lectures in module Week 5. The analytical information from Lecture can be used for the analytical slides 2-3 in your PowerPoint.
2. topic Africa (Boshongo-Bantu): Bumba’s Creation
3. Use the PowerPoint Presentation model
PP Presentation Model The Flood rf22 3.pptx
Download PP Presentation Model The Flood rf22 3.pptx
as your template. All slides must be represented as shown in the template. Every slide must be illustrated. Only up to 3 lines of words per slide, in proper PowerPoint formatting. Detailed directions are on the PPPresentation Model The Flood.
Cosmic Myths
Part
1
: Creation Stories
Part 2: Flood Stories
Part 3: Apocalypse Stories
Part 4: The Afterlife
1
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Cosmic Myths
Part 4: Afterlife Stories
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What happens when you die?
In this PowerPoint, I give you three different views of the Afterlife from a few different cultures.
Slides 3,4,5 is the Introduction to the Afterlife by mythologist scholar, David Leeming.
Slides 11 – 17 is excerpted from “Mythology” by Edith Hamilton.
Most information will be tested, unless otherwise noted.
Reincarnation
Part 4: Afterlife Stories INTRODUCTION
excerpted from “The World of Myth” by David Leeming. Afterlife Stories, p.64
“The belief in some sort of afterlife is ubiquitous [found everywhere]. The human being finds the concept of total dissipation [the process of gradually disappearing] of self after death more difficult to accept than the notion of conscious existence after death.
The religious cultures that stress the struggle between god and evil in this world are the ones that divide the afterworld into areas of suffering and bliss. The Christian and Muslim concept of heaven and hell is only one example of this tendency.
Part 4: Afterlife Stories INTRODUCTION
excerpted from “The World of Myth” by David Leeming. Afterlife Stories, p. 64
In the more mystical religious that stress the illusory nature of life, the afterlife may be a distinctly nonphysical realm, even a place where self loses its individual identity in a larger Self. In fact, such concepts as nirvana do not include a sense of place and are not properly thought of as myths of the afterlife, any more than is the Christian idea of the Kingdom of God. In one way or another, all afterlife myths, and even the lack of such myths, reflect cultural perceptions of this world.
Part 4: Afterlife Stories INTRODUCTION
excerpted from “The World of Myth” by David Leeming. Afterlife Stories, p. 64
Part of the need for belief in an afterlife can probably be traced to humanity’s experience of the cycles of nature. As functioning part of the organism called Earth, we do not like to be left out. The paths of the sun and the moon, the rhythm of the tides, the menstrual process, and the seasons, all suggest a natural return of whatever is lost and lead naturally to the concept of life after death and ultimately some kind of restoration of life.
Part 4: Afterlife Stories INTRODUCTION
excerpted from “The World of Myth” by David Leeming. Afterlife Stories, page 64.
Perhaps an even more important factor is consciousness itself…………..[…….]. It might be said that consciousness of the total life process – of life’s beginning, middle and end as a single plot – is [a being’s] defining characteristic. Without that consciousness, existence, itself – certainly our existence is threatened. That being the case, it is perhaps ultimately impossible to conceive of the permanent loss of consciousness. Even if we do not go so far as to believe in the physical restoration of our individual lives, we tend to have difficulty conceiving of life without the consciousness by which we perceive it. The afterlife is an almost inevitable result. And it should be noted that more often that not, the souls in the various underworlds – the heavens and hells of world mythology – are nearly always, in death, freed from the restrictions on knowledge of the future that are necessarily associated with the physical life – and with mortality itself. In the afterlife individual consciousness comes into its own as part of a larger consciousness that informs all things and actions.”
Part 4 The Afterlife, continued
Egyptian Afterlife Stories (just a few of many Egyptian afterlife stories)
Osiris was a good god, loved by all. But his brother Seth was jealous. This is the story of how Osiris became the god of the underworld. See video below for the full story.
How to meet Osiris after death, if you’ve led a good life.
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Part 4 The Afterlife, continued
Egyptian Afterlife Stories
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The Egyptian Book of the Dead is a series of magic spells to help you through the afterlife. The entire book is in PDF below.
Extra Credit: Tell which magic spell(s) is/are your favorite and why.
https://www.wm.edu/offices/auxiliary/osher/course-info/classnotes/derise
Part 4 The Afterlife, continued
Egyptian Afterlife Information
The ancient Egyptians built the pyramids to protect the Pharaohs (rulers) in their afterlife.
For more information on Ancient Egypt, go to:
https://www.britannica.com/place/ancient-Egypt
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Part 4 The Afterlife, continued
Ancient Greece
Persephone and Hades: Queen and King of the Underworld
Tartarus and Elysian Fields (Greek hell and heaven)
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Part 4 The Afterlife, continued
The following 7 slides are excerpted from “Mythology”, the chapter titled The Underworld, pages 42 -46, by Edith Hamilton
“……….In the Iliad, it [the Underworld] lies beneath the secret places of the earth, In the Odyssey*, the way to it leads over the edge of the world acr0ss Ocean. In later poets there are various entrances to it from the earth through caverns and beside deep lakes.
Tartarus and Erebus are sometimes two divisions of the underworld, Tartarus the deeper of the two, the prison of the Sons of Earth; Erebus where the dead pass as soon as they die, Often, however, there is no distinction between the two, and either is used, especially Tartarus, as a name for the entire lower region.
[…]
In Homer the underworld is vague, a shadowy place inhabited by shadows. Nothing is real there. The ghosts’ existence, if it can be called that, is like a miserable dream.
* The Land of the Dead need not be pleasant; one of the earliest literary example of an after life is the one recorded in Homer’s Odyssey. The Land of the Dead that Odysseus visits is a place of darkness, sadness, and despair. Yet it is not primarily a place of punishment (Leeming, 62).
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Part 4 The Afterlife, continued
Ancient Greece. Excerpted form The Underworld from “Mythology”, by Edith Hamilton
[The Roman poet ] Virgil is the only poet who give clearly the geography of the underworld, [and unlike Homer, assigns punishments or rewards, the start of a trend]:
The path down to it leads to where Acheron, the river of woe, pours into Cocytus, the river of lamentation. An aged boatman named Charon (Ka ron) ferries the souls of the dead across the water to the farther bank, where stands the adamantine gate* to Tartarus…….
Charon will receive into his boat only the souls of those upon whose lips the passage money was placed when they died and who were duly buried.
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*[ A generic name for a very strong metal. In popular comics, like Marvel, it is the metal of the gods. “The gates to Tartarus were fashioned by Zeus and his brothers to imprison Kronos and the other titans within. The gates are made of adamantine, a nearly unbreakable metal, and can only be opened by the hand of a mortal, insuring that no other god would release the titans….”]
Part 4 The Afterlife, continued
Ancient Greece. Excerpted form The Underworld from “Mythology”, by Edith Hamilton
On guard before the gate sits Cerberus, the three-headed dragon-tailed dog, who permits all spirits to enter, but none to return.
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Part 4 The Afterlife, continued
Ancient Greece. Excerpted form The Underworld from “Mythology”, by Edith Hamilton
On his arrival each one is brought before three judges, Rhadamanthus, Minos, and Aeacus, who pass sentence and send the wicked to everlasting torment and the good to a place of blessedness called the Elysian Fields.
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Part 4 The Afterlife, continued
Ancient Greece. Excerpted form The Underworld pages 42-44 from “Mythology”, by Edith Hamilton
Three other rivers, besides Acheron and Cocytus, separatee the underworld from the world above:
Phlegethon, the river of fire;
Styx, the river of the unbreakable oath by which the gods swear;
Lethe, the river of forgetfulness.
Somewhere in this vast region is Hade’s [Roman: Pluto] palace, but beyond saying that it is many-gated and crowded with innumerable guests, no writer describes it.
Around it are wide wastes, wan and cold,
and meadows of asphodel*,
presumable strange, pallid, ghostly flowers.
We do not know anything more about it.
The poets did not care to linger in that
gloom-hidden abode.
*[ Asphodel Meadows is another name for the place ordinary souls go after death. Asphodel flowers are similar to Narcissus, but rather morbid as Hamilton suggests, not seen as pretty. ]
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Part 4 The Afterlife, continued
Ancient Greece. Excerpted form The Underworld pages 42-44 from “Mythology”, by Edith Hamilton
The Erinyes (the Furies), are placed by Virgil in the underworld, where they punish evildoers.
The Greek poets thought of them chiefly as pursuing sinners on the earth. They were inexorable, but just. Heraclitus says, “Not even the sun will transgress his orbit but the Erinyes, the ministers of justice, overtake him.”
They are usually represented as three: Tisiphone, Megaera, and Alecto.
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Part 4 The Afterlife, continued
Ancient Greece. Excerpted form The Underworld pages 42-44 from “Mythology”, by Edith Hamilton
Sleep, and Death, his brother, dwelt in the lower world. Dreams too ascended from there to men. They passed though two gates, one of horn through which true dreams went, one of ivory for false dreams.
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Part 4 The Afterlife, continued
Excerpted form The Encyclopedia Britannica
For more information on Virgil: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Virgil
(FYI: not on any of my tests)
Virgil, also spelled Vergil, Latin in full Publius Vergilius Maro, (born October 15, 70 BCE, Andes, near Mantua [Italy]—died September 21, 19 BCE, Brundisium), Roman poet, best known for his national epic, the Aeneid (from c. 30 BCE; unfinished at his death).
Virgil was regarded by the Romans as their greatest poet, an estimation that subsequent generations have upheld. His fame rests chiefly upon the Aeneid, which tells the story of Rome’s legendary founder and proclaims the Roman mission to civilize the world under divine guidance. His reputation as a poet endures not only for the music and diction of his verse and for his skill in constructing an intricate work on the grand scale but also because he embodied in his poetry aspects of experience and behavior of permanent significance.
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The type of hell you enter depends on your behavior during your life. You suffer in hell until all the bad karma is wiped away. Then you are reborn to start all over again.
Part 4 The Afterlife, continued
Buddhism
Nirvana: a release from Rebirth
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Rebirth as Hell
Life is full of pain, suffering and misery of all sorts. To be reborn is hell. Enlightenment helps to release a person from rebirth. Enlightenment leads the way to Nirvana.
Alan Watts (American Philosopher) on Death: you go to sleep, then wake up as something else all over again without any moral justification.
He then compares Western ideas with Eastern ideas
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Transmigration of the Soul (in reincarnation, it is the act of the soul passing from one form to another)
There is a story I read (but forgot the source!!) about a Tibetan whose beloved daughter fell off a pathway along the Himalaya Mountain to her death. This pathway would be treacherous for the ordinary person, but the Tibetans of this village traversed this same pathway safely daily. It is all in the manner of placing the foot along the path a certain way which ensured the safety of the traveler.
A few weeks later, a goat appeared in the village and attached itself to the man. There was something in the eyes of the goat’s that sparkled joyously, the tilt of the head, and the way it would pull on his sleeve the same way his daughter did. No one knew where this goat had come from; it belonged to nobody in this village or the next.
It was concluded, that the soul of the daughter transmigrated into the goat to better learn the ways of traveling treacherous pathways.
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Transmigration of the Soul
FYI This video is for your own edification. The contents will not appear on any of my tests.
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Bibliography
Long,Charles. Alpha: The Myths of Creation.
Leeming, David. The World of Myth.
Hamilton, Edith. Mythology. Little, Brown & Company. Boston. 1942.
Encyclopedia Britannica https://www.britannica.com/biography/Virgil
Google images, bing images
Egyptian Book of the Dead:
https://www.wm.edu/offices/auxiliary/osher/course-info/classnotes/derise
https://www.ducksters.com/history/ancient_egypt/book_of_the_dead.php
http://www.touregypt.net/bkofdead.htm
Bishop, Phillip. Adventures in the Spirit of Humanities.
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How to download the lecture .pptx and view the videos therein:
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. Click on the word “download” or on the download icon if presented
2. Once the PowerPoint document is open click on
3. In the new window, click on
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Cosmic Myths
Part 1: Creation Stories
Part 2: Flood Stories
Part 3: Apocalypse Stories
Part 4: The Afterlife
2
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under
CC BY-NC-ND
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under
CC BY-NC
Part 2: Cosmic Myths: Flood Stories
Flood stories are the cleansing rituals, sacrifices: often are the result of humankinds’ fall from grace
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Flood as cleanser and renewal is appropriate since most creation myths use water as the source of creation
Floods represent a rebirth or a renewal
Archetypal motif: the productive sacrifice
The Flood Myth Analysis
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under
CC BY-SA
4
Utnapishtim, in the Babylonian
Gilgamesh
epic, survivor of a mythological
flood whom Gilgamesh consults about the secret of immortality. Utnapishtim was the only man to escape death, since, having preserved human and animal life in the great boat he built, he and his wife were deified by the god
Enlil. Utnapishtim directed Gilgamesh to a plant that would renew his youth, but the hero failed to return with it to his home city. See
Noah;
Ziusudra.
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Flood Myths Function of Myth: Sociological
Some myths use floods as a way to sweep away the evil and keep the good. Flood myths can serve as cautionary tales to make humans obey the laws of the gods
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Flood Myths:
Functions of Myth Cosmological and Mystical
“The deluge cleanses and gives birth to new forms even as it destroys the old. It is the breaking of the eternal waters of the great mother, the destructive mother who, whether her name is Kali or Demeter, sweeps away the old life but preserves the germ of a new beginning”(Leeming 43).
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Flood Myths
Noah (Old Testament), Utnapishtim (Babylon), and Manu (India)
are the heroes of flood myths who are spared and are reborn in the womb of the Great Mother
Fun Fact: all three heroes built arcs
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under
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Flood Myths
“The flood myth, like the myths of the destroyer-mother herself, reminds us that life depends on death, that without death there can be no cycle, no birth” (43).
A few cultures with Flood Myths include:
Iran (Zoroastrian): Yima
Egypt: Hathor, Blood, and Beer
China: Yu
Greece/Rome: Deucalion and Pyrrha
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The Flood Myths
Function of Myth: Psychological
In psychological terms, the flood myth, like the story of the hero’s descent into the underworld, can be seen as a metaphor for the individual’s necessary time in the dark world of the unconscious before the rebirth that is the achievement of individuation.
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Flood Myths
(Psychological Function of Myth continued)
Rituals of purification by water are microcosmic versions of the Deluge:
Baptisms cleanses the sinner and the individual is reborn: As in the hero stories, the hero descends into the underworld to confront death and is reborn
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Flood Myths
Functions of Myth
All 4 functions can be applied to the flood myths:
Mystical: gods intervene and create changes
Cosmological: after the gods destroy, new beginnings are created
Sociological: The gods are angry because the people are breaking all the laws; they must be punished
Psychological: The idea of a flood can create a rebirth or renewal for the human consciousness
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Part 3: Cosmic Myths: Apocalpyse Stories:
Apocalypse stories represent the immortality of human consciousness against the background of universal physical decay.
Asian + Ragnorok West The big 3
Apocalypse stories often reflect the fight between heaven and hell, reward and punishment
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Part 3: Cosmic Myths: The Apocalypse Stories
Apocalypse myths are common in human culture. People are fascinated with the idea of a catastrophic end to the world.
An apocalypse ends an old world order and allows the emergence of a new world order
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The Apocalypse
Apocalyptic stories are filled with symbolism and fantasy; they are visionary and prophetic, and often times they contain strange beasts and a resurrection of the dead
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The Apocalypse
Most apocalyptic stories center around a higher being(s) ending the failure of humanity
In some cases, the righteous will be allowed to survive, but usually in a non-worldly state
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The Apocalypse, continued
The apocalypse motif is closely related to the flood archetype: they are both ritual cleansing of cosmic proportions; a large-scale expression of the human fascination with the death and resurrection process.
Psychologically, it speaks to a need to confront reality, to make ultimate decisions.
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The Apocalypse, continued
Armageddon: much of the Christian view of the apocalypse is related to the Persian Zoroastrian Day of Judgment and Old Testament prophets.
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The Apocalypse, continued
In the Asian view, the end of the world is just part of the cycle of life: birth to death to birth to death. It places less emphasis on human failings justly punished, and more on the rhythm of the universe itself.
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The Apocalypse
Existence for the Hindu is a cosmic breathing, with creation and apocalypse endlessly repeating themselves. Your next life depends on your karma in this life.
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The Apocalypse
Apocalyptic imagery is very much a part of the way we see reality today. The recent experience of genocidal holocaust, and the ever-present threat of a nuclear one bring the myth all too close to home………
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under
CC BY-SA
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The Apocalypse
……………………and science itself teaches an eventual descent into “heat death” before Earth returns, as all systems eventually must, to a natural state of entropic equilibrium or no-thing-ness.
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Bibliography
Long,Charles. Alpha: The Myths of Creation.
Leeming, David. The World of Myth.
Google images, bing images
https://list25.com/25-creation-stories-from-around-the-world/
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By: Carolina Colon
The Flood: Deucalion and pyrrha
Required: title page
Analysis of The Flood Myths
Are common and memorable
Suggest hope of a new beginning a “cleansing” of sorts
Tend to be dual in nature either literal or figurative “floods” or productive chaos
Destruction and Rebirth go in hand (yin and yang).
represents the separation of the eternal waters of the great mother.
Reminds us that life depends on death
New life is preceded by flood since life first emerged from the waters
Required slide.
Analyze one of the three categories:
Flood Myths, Apocalypse Myths, or Creation Myths, depending on which category your topic choice is listed beneath on the Topic Choices page.
Analysis of the topics can be found in the previous Cosmic Myth PowerPoint lectures.
For instance:
Analysis of the flood myths can be found in the Lecture PowerPoint on floods & apocalypse.
Analysis of the Apocalypse myths can also be found in the Lecture PowerPoint floods & apocalypse.
Analysis of the Creation Myths can be found in the Lecture PowerPoint Creation Myths.
Because my topic choice falls under the category Flood Myths from the Topic Choice page, I will find the right analysis from the Lecture PowerPoints and paraphrase it here
The story
* Jupiter was disgusted by human kind and how they forgot to properly worship the gods. So he decided to punish them.
* The Wind God unleashed the winds and crushed the clouds, water fell from the crushed clouds and his own beard.
Illustrate every page
Use minimal words per page
The story
* The Rainbow Goddess Iris was sent to pick up the water that fell, and to refill the clouds it. No rain was wasted for the destruction of the human race.
Illustrate every page
Use minimal words per page
The Story (Continued)…
Neptune commanded all oceans and rivers to wreak havoc on Earth.
He created Earthquakes to form dangerous water chaos
Everything was submerged under water
A giant sea with no shore was formed.
The Story (Continued)…
The People who tried to escape on boats died of starvation.
All the animals died as well.
The Story: Deucalion and Pyrrha
the only humans to survive the great flood WERE Deucalion and Pyrrha. They found refuge On the sacred MOUNTAIN of Parnassus.
The gods spared their lives because Both were innocent of human-kind’s sins; both were loyal worshippers
The Story: Deucalion and Pyrrha
But Deucalion and pyrrha were scared because they were the only human beings left.
SO they prayed to the oracle Themis for guidance on what to do next.
Themis’ instructions:
“Leave my temple, veil your heads, loosen your robes, and cast behind you your great mother’s bones”
confused at first, Deucalion and Pyrrha then understood that the great mother was mother earth; her bones were the rocks.
Following the advice of themis, they began to throw the “bones” over their shoulders.
All the rocks Deucalion threw behind him became men, and all the rocks Pyrrha threw behind her became women.
Thus the earth was repopulated again.
The End
Death and Rebirth
BATTLE BETWEEN GOOD AND EVIL
Cleansing
SYMBOLIC:
Haven vs. The wilderness
Light vs Dark
Supernatural intervention
The innocent : Deucalion and Pyrrah were spared because of their righteousness
The Caregiver: They become the new caregivers of the earth & humanity
The creator: jupiter allowed earth to be reborn
The destroyer: jupiter destroyed earth to punish humanity for its sins
Wise woman: Themis knew what advice to give
Situational:
Archetypes
Character:
Because we have not studied Archetypes yet (next Module) this Archetypes page is optional. If you think you can handle it, it will count towards extra credit.
Functions of Myth
Metaphysical- the gods can affect nature
Cosmological – The earth became one huge ocean symbolizing that we are all a small part of a big picture. Humanity was reborn.
Sociological- mankind was punished for not following the gods’ “code of conduct.” We learn to follow the rules or be punished. Deucalion and Pyrrha survived because they followed the gods’ rules.
Psychological- Deucalion and Pyrrha were scared to be the only humans left alive, so they looked to the oracle for advice .
They kept the faith even though all other humans were disobeying the gods.
Required slide.
List all four functions of myth, explaining how they fit the myth.
Put “n/a” if it doesn’t apply to your story
“The black moment is the moment when the real message of transformation is going to come. At the darkest moment comes the light”
– Joseph Campbell
Required slide: Joseph Campbell quote that fits the story
“
”
In your own words, write YOUR 21st century connection here
required
In your own words, write YOUR opinion here
required
Bibliography
required
Leeming, David. The World of Myth. An Anthology. Oxford University Press. New York. 1990.
Google images.
Bing images.
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Meso-America (Aztec-Mexica): Coatlicue the World Mother
Riley Kersten
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under
CC BY
Creation Myth Meaning:
The intellectual and theological development of the fundamental creation myth within a religious community is known as the creation myth, or cosmogonic myth.
The imaginative narrative expression of what is felt or understood to be underlying reality is referred to as myth in this context.
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under
CC BY-SA
What the story is about:
The Aztec goddess Coatlicue, also known as “Serpent Skirt,” was a prominent figure in their pantheon and was revered as the mother of the earth.
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under
CC BY
Story Continued…
Coatlicue is portrayed as an elderly woman, representing one of the most terrifying figures in Aztec art, and she symbolizes the long history of earth worship.
She had 400 sons who became the constellations, Huitzilopochtli, the sun deity, Coyolxauhqui, the moon goddess, and many more. Hence, the universe was symbolized by the earth goddess and her household.
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under
CC BY-NC-ND
Story Continued…
The mother goddess of the Aztecs was Coatlicue. a major figure in the pantheon of the Aztecs. The goddess of childbirth, fertility, life, and death was known as Coatlicue.
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under
CC BY
Story Continued…
The Aztecs held the notion that Cihuacoatl, who was regarded as an aspect of Coatlicue, protected the souls of women who passed away during childbirth.
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under
CC BY-SA-NC
Archetype:
The Hero is the most well-known archetype. Hero tales share certain characteristics; heroes typically begin in ordinary situations, are “drawn to adventure,” and ultimately must face their greatest fear in a fight that profoundly alters the hero.
Coatlicue was seen as a goddess and symbol of the earth as both creator and destroyer, mother of the gods and mortals.
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under
CC BY-NC-ND
Functions of myths explained:
Metaphysical: The God’s affect nature. Coatlicue is seen as a goddess that spreads the symbolism of the earth.
Cosmological: Coatlicue symbolizes rebirth and being the mother goddess of all mortals and gods.
Sociological: Coatlicue protected the women who died during childbirth.
Physiological: The Aztecs felt protected in a way by Coatlicue because they believed they were guarded by her.
Quote:
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under
CC BY-SA
21st Century Connection:
We all have certain qualities and passions that make us who we are. No matter the person, place, or even the time, everybody impacts our world in some way. Every person has a single most good quality about them that impacts the universe around them.
Opinion:
In one weird way or another, each myth and or story impacts the world we live in today. Every single myth that has been passed down from generation to generation has impacted the way people see the world and understand it.
Bibliography:
Internet Images
Online pictures
https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/art-americas/early-cultures/aztec-mexica/a/coatlicue
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