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Healthcare Economics: Social Determinants of Health
Miatta Teasley
Capella University
NHS-FPX6008
Economics and Decision Making in Health Care
Professor Georgena Wiley
February 20,2023
Social Determinants of Health
The economic aspects predominantly affect individual and collective health. The health economic issue I will discuss in detail is social determinants of health. Many social determinants of health include education levels, income rates, race, housing, nutrition, environment, and sanitation (Artiga & Hinton, 2019). These factors can positively or negatively contribute to the health of individuals. The specific social determinant of health the report will focus on is poverty. In 2021, 698 million people, or 9% of the world’s population, are expected to be living in extreme poverty, which is defined as earning less than $1.90 per day (
Development Initiatives, 2021). More than two-thirds of the world’s population (3,293 million people) and more than one-fifth (1,803 million people), respectively, lives on less than $5.50 per day (
Development Initiatives, 2021). In the United States, a report from the US Census in 2021 shows that approximately 37.9 million Americans, which is approximately 9% of the total population live in poverty. Therefore, poverty is a significant local and global social determinant of health.
In the United States, poverty is mainly concentrated among minority groups. Data shows that the number of African Americans and Hispanics living in poverty is higher than whites, despite their population being small. Approximately 19.5% Africans Americans are poor while only 8.1% non-Hispanic Whites live in poverty (
Federal Safety Net, 2023). The ethnic and racial variation in poverty is best explained through the accumulated systemic disadvantages towards peripheral ethnic groups for decades. With high poverty rates, the ethnic minority groups are predisposed to poor health outcomes and most of them can hardly afford treatment or insurance coverage.
One reason I have selected to focus on social determinants of health is that solving these issues can address the social and economic gaps in different communities. For instance, poverty patterns are associated with social and economic gaps. People living in overcrowded and poor house structures are from lower economic classes, while those living in furnished houses are from upper economic classes. The second reason for focusing on poverty is that it is both a global and local issue. The impacts of poverty on healthcare system are felt across the globe. Therefore, mediating the impacts of poverty on health of population can improve healthcare outcomes globally health (Artiga & Hinton, 2019). Offering job opportunities can eradicate poverty, create an equal society and allow many people to afford health services. In other words, the disparities in healthcare are first manifested in social and economic settings.
The poverty impacts the population of every community in varying degrees. I come from a low-income community where utilization for health services is very low (Cui & Chang, 2021). Most people in this community are uninsured because they cannot pay monthly insurance premiums. Consequently, they rarely go to hospitals for treatment. In the workplace, some employees who earn low salaries also face the same nightmare, as they cannot comfortably access the services they need and have to settle for low-quality care. The gaps that contribute to these issues include academic levels, employment, income, and housing, to mention but a few. If these gaps are removed, every person will have the same opportunity to access health services. Children from poor families have low academic achievement. Low academic attainment in adulthood augments inaccessibility to healthcare. Therefore, addressing poverty can solve other issues like poor housing, sanitation and illiteracy.
References
Artiga, S., & Hinton, E. (2019, July 9).
Beyond health care: The role of social determinants in promoting health and health equity. KFF. https://www.kff.org/racial-equity-and-health-policy/issue-brief/beyond-health-care-the-role-of-social-determinants-in-promoting-health-and-health-equity/#:~:text=Determinants%20of%20Health%3F-,Social%20determinants%20of%20health%20are%20the%20conditions%20in%20which%20people,health%20care%20(Figure%201)
Cui, X., & Chang, C. (2021). How income influences health: Decomposition based on absolute income and relative income effects.
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,
18(20), 10738. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182010738
Poverty trends: Global, regional and national. Development Initiatives. (2021, November 10). Retrieved February 17, 2023, from https://devinit.org/resources/poverty-trends-global-regional-and-national/#:~:text=In%202021%20an%20estimated%20698,live%20below%20%245.50%20a%20day
U.S. Poverty Statistics. Federal Safety Net. (2023, January 23). Retrieved February 17, 2023, from https://federalsafetynet.com/poverty-statistics/
Complete a systematic evaluation of a unit, facility, or organization with which you are familiar, in an attempt to identify the need to address the economic health care issue.
Introduction
Note: Each assessment in this course builds upon the work you have completed in previous assessments. Therefore, you must complete the assessments in the order in which they are presented.
As a master’s-level health care practitioner, you may sometimes be tasked with the need to complete a systematic evaluation as a way of improving your organization’s outcomes. In this assessment, you will have a chance to practice these skills by completing a systematic evaluation of a unit, facility, or organization that you are familiar with in an attempt to identify the need to address the economic health care issue that you presented in the previous assessment. This systematic evaluation is often referred to as a needs analysis. Understanding how to do a needs analysis will be key as you advance through your career in the health care environment.
Background and Context
As a master’s-level health care practitioner, you may sometimes be tasked with the need to complete a systematic evaluation as a way of improving your organization’s outcomes. In this assessment, you will have a chance to practice these skills by completing a systematic evaluation of a unit, facility, or organization that you are familiar with in an attempt to identify the need to address the economic health care issue that you presented in the previous assessment. This systematic evaluation is often referred to as a needs analysis. Understanding how to do a needs analysis will be key as you advance through your career in the health care environment.
Instructions
Be sure to address each main point. Review the assessment instructions and scoring guide, including performance-level descriptions for each criterion, to ensure you understand the work you will be asked to complete and how it will be assessed. In addition, note the requirements for document format and length and for supporting evidence.
Overall, you will be assessed on the following criteria:
Summarize your chosen economic issue and its impact on your work, organization, colleagues, and community.
Reiterate your rationale for pursuing this issue, as well as the gap contributing to it that you identified in your previous assessment.
Identify any socioeconomic or diversity disparities that exist with how your chosen economic issue impacts any particular groups or populations.
Use at least one piece of evidence to support this disparity (public health data, aggregated data from an organization, or other scholarly resources).
Explain the findings of evidence-based or scholarly sources regarding the need to address your chosen issue and pursue potential change or implementation plans.
For example, if your implementation plan includes the need for increased staffing, you might want to research errors or patient falls that occurred as a result of high patient and low staff ratio in the literature.
Use at least four evidence-based or scholarly sources that are relevant to your chosen topic to support your explanation.
Explain the predicted outcomes and opportunities for growth as the result of the proposed change or implementation plan.
Outcomes and opportunities for growth should focus on economic considerations.
Convey purpose, in an appropriate tone and style, incorporating supporting evidence and adhering to organizational, professional, and scholarly writing standards.
Additional Requirements
Length of Submission: 3–5 double-spaced pages.
Number of References: Cite at least four sources of evidence to support your identification of the gap. This could be public health data, a peer-reviewed journal article, or another scholarly source.
APA formatting: Titles, headings, resources, and citations are formatted according to the current APA style.
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