BASD

Common Mistakes:

Marketing Analysis Paper

• Not utilizing research for Target Market
• Not Identifying 3 Competitors and what differentiates you
• Make sure you address all four Ps with research and relate back to textbook

concepts for each one
• Only doing one advertising tool and not actually creating it (I.e. a twitter link

with nothing)
• Include works cited, with textbook and other research

Marketing Virtual Presentation

• Make sure you explain the two advertising tools and include them
• Students often forget to include notes. These should be “talking points” in a

separate handout or talking points.
• Not including enough pages of content (10-14 slides)
• Forgetting works cited

Name:

Marketing Analysis Rubric

Description: This rubric will be utilized in grading Marketing Analysis submissions

Does not meet criteria Meets criteria Exceptional

Addresses each of the
4Ps clearly: Product,
Place, Promotion and
Pricing using PICK
Analysis

Points:
30 (24%)
Student does not
complete 4P analysis,
failing to address each
of the 4Ps using PICK
analysis.

Points:
45 (36%)
Student addresses some
components of the 4Ps,
but does not show a
clear understanding of
the distinctions between
each element using PICK
analysis.

Points:
60 (48%)
Student addresses all
components of the 4P
analysis demonstrating a
clear understanding of
the distinctions between
each element and
demonstrates a clear
understanding of
learning concepts from
the course using PICK
analysis.

Product section
addresses target market
and Identifies specific
top 3 competitors by
name and differentiates
business from each
competitor identified

Points:
5 (4%)
Student does not
address the target
market for the
product/service
demonstrating an
understanding of the
specific market and
demand for the
product/service and fails
to identify top 3
competitors by name,
differentiating from
each.

Points:
15 (12%)
Student addresses
either the target market
for the product/service
demonstrating an
understanding of the
specific market and
demand for the
product/service or fails
to identify top 3
competitors by name,
differentiating from
each, or does not
demonstrate an
understanding of the
learning concepts.

Points:
25 (20%)
Student addresses the
target market, the top 3
competitors, and
differentiators
effectively
demonstrating a clear
understanding
demonstrates a clear
understanding of
learning concepts from
the course.

Paper free of
grammatical
errors/typos

Points:
0 (0%)
There are multiple
typos, formatting,
and/or grammar issues
in paper.

Points:
3 (2.4%)
There are minor typos,
formatting, and/or
grammar issues in
paper.

Points:
5 (4%)
There are not typos,
formatting, nor grammar
issues in paper.

Paper is organized and
has clarity

Points:
0 (0%)
Student presents
information in a

Points:
5 (4%)
The paper is somewhat
clear and concise, but

Points:
10 (8%)
The paper is clear and
concise consistently

Does not meet criteria Meets criteria Exceptional

disorganized and
unclear manner, making
it difficult to interpret
the information put
forth.

not consistently
throughout the paper.

throughout its entirety,
and is well organized.

Meets page
requirements (2 full
pages, no more than 3)
using single spacing,
1”margins and 12 point
font

Points:
0 (0%)
There are less than 2
single spaced
substantive pages
submitted.

Points:
5 (4%)
At least 2 and no more
than 3 substantive pages
submitted. However,
pages lack substantive
information sufficient to
comprise the 2 page
requirement (e.g., large
pictures, graphs,spacing
quotes take up too
much space).

Points:
10 (8%)
At least 2 and no more
than 3 substantive pages
submitted.

Uses research and data
to support claims as
necessary, which are
cited with footnotes
throughout

Points:
0 (0%)
Works cited are not
included. (At least the
textbook should be cited
and at least one outside
sources such as U.S.
Census Bureau’s site and
competitor site
information).

Points:
10 (8%)
Works cited are included
but are not clearly noted
in footnotes as required.
Sources may be
unreliable or fail to
support the claims
made.

Points:
15 (12%)
Works cited are included
and are clearly noted
using footnotes as
required. Data is used
consistently to support
claims with reliable
sources.

Submitted timely via
Blackboard in or
x format

Points:
0 (0%)
Not submitted in correct
format.

Points:
0 (0%)
Per the syllabus, there
may be up to a 20%
grade reduction per day
for late submissions.

Points:
0 (0%)
Submitted before
required deadline and in
proper format.

Introduction

Do you ever find yourself in a new place, say on vacation, wondering what
restaurant, club, or family spot is the most popular? “Look No Further” is the perfect app
for you! You have the choice of putting in your location or having location services find
where you are. Once the app finds where you are, you can search for top rated
amusements/attractions near you and you can read the reviews about that place. There are
reviews from both tourists and locals. This app has everything you need to have a good
time no matter where you go! From Miami to L.A, we can help you find something fun
for you to do while in a new, exciting place.

Product

Our textbook defines a product as “a bundle of physical, service, and symbolic
characteristics designed to satisfy customer wants” (Boone and Kurtz, 388). Look No
Further was created to take the hassle out of travel. With a simple, user-friendly interface,
our app allows travelers go where there want, and when they want to. The app has two
essential features: (1) the “in-app” experience, where users can select from a wide variety
of attractions in which they can see the attractions nearest to them, along with detailed
information and reviews provided by both other travelers and locals, and (2) the
“notification setting”, which, with the user’s consent, notifies the traveler of nearby
attractions as they drive by them. What makes this feature so dynamic is that the user is
given the choice as to whether they would like to be notified or not, and if in fact they do
opt to receive notifications, they will then be given the opportunity to setup a filter for
which types of attractions and the price range for which they would like to be notified
for.

Target market is defined in our textbook as a “group of people toward whom an
organization markets its goods, services, or ideas with a strategy designed to satisfy their
specific needs and preferences” (Boone and Kurtz, 361). Our target market is comprised
of people who (a) travel frequently and (b) are between the ages of 18 and 34. The types
of people who travel frequently can be split into two groups: (1) those that travel for
leisure and (2) those that travel for business related activities. Our app is designed to cater
toward both of these groups. The demographic of people between 18 and 34 was chosen
due to the fact that data shown on Nielsen.com shows that those age groups spend the
largest amount of time using their apps per month (between 35 and 37 hours!).
Segmenting our market based on people who travel frequently and their age represents
both psychographic (some people may simply live a lifestyle in which they travel
regularly) and demographic (age is relevant to those who are most likely to purchase an
app, occupation and income play roles in determining who would travel often)
segmentation, as described in the textbook (368 and 371)

There are plenty of travel associated apps in the market but we have identified our
top three competitors as: Tripit Travel Organizer, TripAdvisor Hotels Flights and
TouristEye Travel Guide. The advantage that our product has over TripIt is that although
it creates an itinerary for travelers, it requires users to email all travel-related

confirmation e-mails to the app company in order to receive a personalized itinerary. The
problem is, many people don’t have the time and foresight to arrange such a vacation.
Our app allows users to find their favorite places on the go and on the fly. TripAdvisor
can be incredibly overwhelming as it not only provides information about nearby
attractions; it also offers booking for hotels, restaurants, and flights. Our app simply
shows the specific types of attractions that the user is interested in and nothing more.
Additionally, our app offers notifications as the user draws closer to their preferred
locations, a feature that TripAdvisor does not. For this reason, TouristEye may be our
fiercest competitor as it offers a “nearby feature”, similar to our notifications feature.
However, TouristEye provides service to a very limited number of cities in the United
States, which pales in comparison to the number of U.S cities that Look No Further offers
service to.

Place

In making this app we had to think of a good market for it, because like always
place is very important when it comes to target market. This is why we chose the Google
Play Store along with the iPhone App Store. These are the two most diverse and
commonly used app stores. In fact, data provided by Statista.com shows that the Google
Play Store and Apple App Store account for a whopping 82% of download volume in the
mobile application markets. These two stores are ideal for placing our idea because we
are able to have a set price, be able to view other competitors, and reach out to our target
age group. In putting our idea in the app store we are also able to show previews of how
it works and are able to control updates for the idea. Promotion will also be easier with
this type of retailing because promoting an app is a lot easier than an actual product. For
example, we can use social media, word of mouth, travel agencies, and car rental
agencies, etc.

Promotion

The number of marketing tools that we plan to implement will not only to inform
our target market as to what our app does, it will also convince all potential buyers to
purchase our product over the competition. This is precisely what the textbook defines
promotion as: “the function of informing, persuading, and influencing a purchase
decision” (Boone and Kurtz, 428). Since our app is in the introductory stage, we felt
informative advertising would be the most rational approach for “getting our name out”.
We will have informative advertisements on all types of media related to travel: T.V
commercials on The Travel Channel, ads before videos on travel-related YouTube
channels (like Sonia’s travels and Travel Yourself), signs in airports and travel agencies,
and banner ads on travel websites like Trivago, Hotwire, and Expedia, just to name a few.
As we explained earlier, since our product is a smartphone app and therefore more likely
to be used by a younger age group, we felt all of these media outlets would be appropriate
for advertisements our product. Additionally, we will have a Facebook page, Twitter
account, and Instagram feed designed to promote our product. However, advertising is
only half the story. We also plan on promoting our product through various sales
promotions. Our app will be sampled by offering a 30 day free trial to all customers- even

if they didn’t have to buy the app for this trip, we’re confident they’ll tell their friends
about it and come back to purchase it for next time. Additionally, during the weeks
leading up to high volume travel seasons we will offer promo codes to purchase the app
at a 25 percent discount.

Pricing

We decided to determine our price by looking at how much other app developers
charge for a similar product. As a business we agreed on the price of 99 cents. The
pricing strategy that we used to set the price for this app would be considered competitive
pricing. Competitive pricing is defined as a “strategy that tries to reduce the emphasis on
price competition by matching other firms’ prices and concentrating their own marketing
efforts on the product, distribution and promotional elements of the marketing mix”
(455). Since the apps most similar to ours charge 99 cents, we decided to match our price
with theirs. However, we found that there are some competing travel apps that actually
charge more than 99 cents. We did not consider setting our price at a higher amount
because we realized that the apps that cost more offer additional features, like trip
calculators or flight-booking capabilities, which our app does not. Additionally, the price
of 99 cents that both we and our main competitors charge for our app services would be
considered using an “odd price”. Odd pricing is a “pricing method using uneven amounts,
which appear less than they really are to consumers” (456). By charging 99 cents instead
of a dollar, consumers are more likely to purchase the app.

Conclusion

Knowing that there is now an app out there to ensure your traveling experience is

one to remember is reassuring right? Receiving a notification when you drive by a place
that the app might think you would be interested in will allow you to squeeze every ounce
of fun from your vacation. Now you don’t have to look like a typical tourist asking
random people where the best restaurant in town is. “Look No Further” allows you to
spend your time enjoying the attractions, not waste it looking further than you need.

Works Cited

1. Boone, Louis E., and David L. Kurtz. Contemporary Business. United Kingdom:
John Wiley & Sons, 2011. Print.

2. “Newswire.” Smartphones: So Many Apps, So Much Time. Nielsen, 1 July 2014.
Web. 07 Apr. 2015.

3. “App Stores: Download Market Share Worldwide 2012 | Statistic.”Statista.
The Statistics Portal, n.d. Web. 08 Apr. 2015.

For this exercise you will need to
understand who your target market
is, what appeals to them, and who
your competition is. You will also
want to establish your competitive
edge – what defines you from your
competition.

Prepare a 2-3 page marketing
plan using PICK Analysis,
describing the value your business
provides, your target market, your
top three competitors and how your
business will compare to each,
addressing the “4Ps” of the
marketing mix in your marketing
strategy.

Then, develop a marketing tool.
Your marketing tool should be
creative and appealing to your
target market. Additionally, a
presentation pitching your
product/service should be
prepared with high-level attention
grabbing points and visuals. It
should include an advertising
slogan, product/service highlights,
where to obtain the product/service
and contact information. Creativity
is essential here!
Examples of marketing tools
include commercials, social
networking sites, flyers, internet
ads, newspaper ads, and more.

To help you in creating your paper, presentation, and marketing tools, the assignment
requirements for this project, including the grading rubric and samples of best practices may be
reviewed under the “assignments” quicklink in Blackboard.

You have essentially three items due for your marketing project; (1) a marketing analysis
addressing the 4ps of marketing, including the target market and the competitor analysis. This is
your paper and should be at least two pages long, single spaced. The second part of the project is a
business pitch presentation, using the template provided under the Marketing Presentation
assignment. This presentation includes highlights from your paper, as well as a mission statement
and will introduce your marketing tool as part of the promotion section. (3) while in both your
paper and your presentation you will speak to multiple promotional strategies using course
concepts from the text, as part of the marketing presentation you will also move forward with
creating at least two of them (which you will also share with your presentation.

For this project, you are creating your own business. Your idea can be entirely new and innovative,
it can be something you love (like a pizza restaurant!) or even an existing business you are working
on. Please be sure to address the following items in your marketing projects:

• Your target market – who is your customer and why? census.gov may be helpful in
determining the target market. Refer to Learning Module 9, market segmentation.

• Identify 3 top competitors by name – after choosing a location, find 3 real possible
competitors in the business field and tell me why your business is better – how you
differentiate. For instance, if you are opening an ice cream store in Rockville, MD, tell me that
your competition may be Baskin Robbins, not just other ice cream stores. There is always
competition, even if you are new to the market. If you are new, who is in a similar industry
that may also enter the market, or has something similar your target market is buying?

• Your marketing plan, addressing each element of the “4Ps” as noted in Learning
Module 10 in the Prezi/PowerPoint presentation. This should be the bulk of your paper (2/3 or
so). Make sure you are applying textbook concepts using PICK Analysis to demonstrate your
understanding of how to utilize each of the 4Ps in a marketing strategy. For instance, for the
pricing section, determine which strategy/objectives you would use and why.

• Develop an advertising tool (or two) along with your business pitch presentation.
(Some students have created commercial video clips, designed websites for free
using www.wix.com. Others have created flyers, Facebook business
pages, apps using www.como.com and more! for top points, please choose two marketing
tools, one a little more in depth like a website and the other a flyer or business card etc.)

•

Visual Marketing Presentation Notes

· Penina offers modest dresses that are completely in touch with current fashion. Customizable and available for rent or purchase, Penina gowns make very bride shine.

· The Penina brand offers something for every bride at an attainable price. Even though the brand is tailored around the Jewish laws of dress, modesty is on trend in the bridal world. Thanks to public figures such as Kate Middleton, Drew Barrymore, and Ivanka Trump, the stunning and timeless elegance of Grace Kelly, Audrey Hepburn, and Elizabeth Taylor on their wedding days is once again in demand.

· Penina dresses are made to cover the elbows and collarbone, as they are in accordance with the Jewish laws of modesty. However, Penina dresses are first and foremost couture dresses, and therefore any bride in search of a modest alternative is welcome. The Penina brand is committed to providing bridal wear that is stylish and elegant, but still sophisticated and timeless for every bride.

· A
kallah, the Hebrew word for bride, who holds style and fashion close to her heart can feel lost when searching for her perfect dress. Maybe the dress is exactly her taste, but is not modest. And maybe the dress is ideal in modesty, but is old fashioned. What if she finds a dress that is both modern and modest, but simply cannot afford the high price? With Penina, it is possible to have it all. The essence of the Penina brand is to make every bride shine in a facet that is unique to her.

· The Penina brand is unique because it offers a line of dresses with “interchangeable parts,” made up of 10 tops, 10 bottoms, and unlimited amounts of accessories. In addition, available in the Penina boutique is a line of dresses for the bridal party, made with every flower girl and mother-of-the-bride in mind. Also available at Penina is a line full of accessories to add the perfect finishing touches to any bridal look, including stunning headpieces and delicate veils.

· Located in Miami, Florida, the Penina boutique services the area’s growing Jewish population. A high fashion store where
tznius, modest, bridal gowns are available outside of New York is a rare gem to find. Also, the Penina website is an amazing way for brides to get a sense of the Penina brand before entering the store.

· Done the Penina way, there is no middleman, and therefore, prices are reasonable and attainable. Without the Penina brand, a bride might have to travel to New York to find what she is looking for. With Penina, travel costs are not necessary, and prices remain in an affordable range.

· In addition to the Penina website, www.everybrideagem.com, promotion is done through our app. Penina also teams up with makeup artist, hairstylists, and photographers to make the Penina brand known.

· I created this flier on publisher. I made a lace image the background, and put a picture that represents my business on the right, along with the brand name. On the left, I included a description of my business. It took a little over an hour to create the look I was after, and carry over the image I wanted to portray of my business. A flier posted on a business’s own website is not very costly at all, especially if the business owner does not need a graphic designer to create one. However, posting the flier in places like a newspaper, or an advertiser raises costs. A flier can also be “expensive” if the money put in to creating the flier does not generate enough business to cover original costs. The benefits of advertising through a flier include its versatility and affordability. Also, using a flier is an effective way to reach a lot of customers and build an image of the business. It is also to the business owner’s advantage that most people do judge a book by its cover- an individual can be drawn to the product/service by the visual appeal of the flier (through colors, design, etc.).

Anonymous

Virtual

Presentation Rubric

Description: This rubric addresses the required criteria for the Marketing Pitch Virtual
Presentation assignment.

Does not meet criteria Meets Criteria Exceptional

Marketing Tool (may
include Wix.com,
Facebook, Tumblr,

Twitter, flier, business
card, radio ad, tv,

commercial, brochure,
etc. )

Points:
0 (0%)
No marketing tool put
forth and/or only one
marketing tool lacking
sufficient effort.

Points:
10 (20%)
A marketing tool is put
forth but it is not an
effective tool for this
business venture
and/or it lacks
sufficient effort and/or
the type of tool, time
it took to create it and
how to create it is not
explained.

Points:
15 (30%)
A creative and
innovative marketing
tool is put forth that is
an effective tool for
this business venture
and the rationale for
its use is clear.
Further, the type of
tool, time it took to
create it and how to
create it is explained.

Addresses all required
components of
presentation

Points:
5 (10%)
Student does not
address many of the
required component
of the presentation as
provided in the
marketing pitch
powerpoint template.

Points:
10 (20%)
Student addresses
most of, but not all of
the components of the
presentation as
required.

Points:
15 (30%)
Student addresses all
of the components of
the presentation as
required.

Submitted timely via
Blackboard under the

“assignments”
quicklink in or

x format

Points:
0 (0%)
Per the syllabus, each
day an assignment is
late there may up to a
20% reduction in the
grade.

Points:
0 (0%)
Assignment submitted
timely but not in
proper format.

Points:
0 (0%)
Assignment submitted
timely and in proper
format.

PowerPoint or Prezi
Presentation

Points:
0 (0%)
Presentation is not
creative, is
disorganized, unclear
and/or lacks visuals
and/or key points are
made in paragraph

Points:
5 (10%)
The presentation met
some of, but not all of,
the “exceptional” level
criteria.

Points:
10 (20%)
Presentation is
extremely creative
with engaging visuals
and key highlights. It is
clear and concise,
organized, and

Virtual Presentation Rubric

Description: This rubric addresses the required criteria for the Marketing Pitch Virtual
Presentation assignment.

Does not meet criteria Meets Criteria Exceptional

form. Resources are
not cited and/or There
are multiple typos,
formatting, and/or
grammar issues in
presentation.

professional quality. •
Resources are cited
throughout
presentation as
required. Presentation
is free of typos,
formatting, and
grammar issues.

Talking Points

Points:
0 (0%)
Student does not
include notes to
supplement and
enhance the virtual
presentation with
“talking points” either
in “Notes” section of
PowerPoint or in a
separate handout for
Prezi.

Points:
5 (10%)
Student includes
limited notes to
supplement and
enhance the virtual
presentation with
“talking points” either
in “Notes” section of
PowerPoint or in a
separate handout for
Prezi.

Points:
10 (20%)
Student includes
detailed and
comprehensive notes
to supplement and
enhance the virtual
presentation with
“talking points” either
in “Notes” section of
PowerPoint or in a
separate handout for
Prezi.

Marketing Pitch Template

Requirements and Guidelines

Marketing Tool
Grading Considerations

Creativity

Innovative

Discusses effectiveness of tools

Discusses why particular tool used

Discusses how tool was made and length of time to create it

Tool identified (may include wix.com, facebook, tumblr, twitter, flyer, business card, radio ad, tv commercial, brochure, etc.

Resources

There are a number of resources to help you in preparing information for this presentation

All resources used should be indicated under the “notes” section of the presentation or at the bottom of the slide

“Shark Tank” episodes on TV present sample business pitches

Your Textbook, especially Appendix D

Small Business Association:

http://www.sba.gov/smallbusinessplanner/plan/writeabusinessplan/index.html

U.S. Census Bureau:

http://www.census.gov/econ/index.html

Sample Business Plans:

http://www.bplans.com/sample_business_plans.php – .

Ugj0XxbvwfE

3

1. Title Slide

Business Name: Discuss reason for name and what makes it a good name

Include Logo/Branding/Slogan

4

2. Roadmap

Provide Overview of Presentation Components

5

3. My Team

Provide picture, name, and role yourself and any team members if you choose to have any

6

4. Mission Statement

The mission statement should define who your company is, philosophically, financially, and socially – it should mention your theme, if you have one, and the way you want your customers to feel about the business. Consider your company’s purpose, the heart of its business, and its values.

7

5. Marketing Analysis: Product

Include a brief overview of your Marketing Analysis with key highlights form your product section about your product/service, target market, competition

8

6. Marketing Analysis: Place (Distribution)

Include a brief overview of your Marketing Analysis with key highlights of your place (distribution) section

9

7. Marketing Analysis: Pricing

Include a brief overview of your Marketing Analysis with key highlights of your pricing section

10

8. Marketing Analysis: Promotion

Include a brief overview of your Marketing Analysis with key highlights of your promotion section

11

9. Marketing Tool(s)

Share your marketing tool(s) with the class

12

10. Conclusion

Highlight the key reasons the “venture capitalists” should invest in your business

13

image3

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Overview and Main Objectives
Our Team
Our Mission
Product
Target market
Competition
Price
Place
Promotion
Conclusion

Group 3
Anna Lee – Group leader;discussing price and place
Kristine Lee – Group submitter; discussing promotion
Hector Zacipa – Discussing product
HyoBin – App designer; Discussing introduction

Our Mission
Tutor Me is bringing comfort and innovation to students who need help by allowing them to contact tutors near them through their phone.

The Product
“A bundle of physical, service, and symbolic attributes designed to satisfy buyers wants”
Tutor Me is a mobile app that helps students seek the right assistance for their classes from students within their campus
Also helps students earn money by tutoring other students
Product is easy and fun to use where app exchange students money for points.

Product continued

Target Market
“A group of people toward whom an organization markets its goods, service, or ideas, with a strategy designed to satisfy their specific needs and preferences”
Targeted towards college students
20.2 million students across the nation. Thats 4.9 million increase since 2000.
2015 class has the highest average loan debt per student.

Graph of Student Loan Debt

Competition
Tutors/Professors provided to you in the campus
Tutor.com
Sylvan learning center

The competition VS Tutor Me
The Competition
Scheduling is difficult
May not be in person
Limited time
Uncomfortable speaking to tutors or professors

Tutor Me
Flexible scheduling
Comfortable talking to fellow student
Can work online or in person
Time not as limited

Price

The App is free
Point system and cash back rewards
50 points per session
Minimum 500 points to cash it out
Redeem points toward tutoring sessions

Place
Tutor Me is available in Apple App and Google Play Stores

Mobile Marketing is the future!

Promotion
First time users will have free 50 points to try out one tutoring session
Encourage users to use again or at least tell friends to use it.

Marketing Tools

http://peppilee.wix.com/tutorme

https://www.facebook.com/group3tutorme/?ref=aymt_homepage_panel

Used Facebook and wix.com to advertise app

Conclusion
Tutor Me will allow students to be comfortable about asking questions
No more hassle of trying to change your schedule so that you can have time to ask a professor.

Resources used
-Boone, Louis E., and David L. Kurtz. Contemporary Business. United Kingdom:
John Wiley & Sons, 2011. Print.
-Boone, Louis E., and David L. Kurtz. Contemporary Business. United Kingdom:
John Wiley & Sons, 2015. Print.
-“Different Types of Pricing Strategy.” Business & Entrepreneurship. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Nov. 2015.
-Martin, Chuck. SOCIAL NETWORKING USAGE AND GRADES AMONG COLLEGE STUDENTS (n.d.): n. pag. University of New Hampshire. Web. 5 Nov. 2015.
-Mobile Marketing Statistics 2015.” Smart Insights. N.p., 22 July 2015. Web. 06 Nov. 2015.
-“Number of Apps Available in Leading App Stores 2015 | Statistic.” Statista. N.p., n.d. Web. 04 Nov. 2015.
-“Social Media Statistics: How College Students Are Using Social Networking – See More At: Http://studybreakscollegemedia.com/2014/social-media-statistics-how-college-students-are-using-social-networking/#sthash.MglmUGJw.dpuf.” Study Breaks Magazine. N.p., 7 Feb. 2014. Web. 6 Nov. 2015.
-“Smartphone Use by College Students [Infographic].” My Social Game Plan. N.p., 06 Dec. 2012. Web. 06 Nov. 2015.
-Kantrowitz, Mark. “Congratulations, Class of 2015. You’re the Most Indebted Ever (For Now).” Real Time Economics RSS. N.p., n.d. Web. 09 Nov. 2015.
-“Enrollment in Elementary, Secondary, and Degree-granting Postsecondary Institutions, by Level and Control of Institution, Enrollment Level, and Attendance Status and Sex of Student: Selected Years, Fall 1990 through Fall 2024.” Enrollment in Elementary, Secondary, and Degree-granting Postsecondary Institutions, by Level and Control of Institution, Enrollment Level, and Attendance Status and Sex of Student: Selected Years, Fall 1990 through Fall 2024. N.p., n.d. Web. 09 Nov. 2015

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