Answer the questions
DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIOLOGICAL THEORY SPRING 2023
ASSIGNMENT #1: Due Date: FEB. 17 ON OR BEFORE MIDNIGHT
* UPLOAD YOUR ASSIGNMENT UNDER MESSAGES ON BLACKBOARD.
This assignment carries 10 points.
PART I.
POWERPOINT DOCUMENTS:
1.
“HARD TIMES” BY CHARLES DICKENS.
2.
“CHILD LABOR IN AMERICA”
3.
“WHAT IS POVERTY” by Parker
4. After reading the article “What is Poverty: by Parker and reviewing the sides, map out (identify) key developments and issues you observed.
5. What do you see as the core causes and drivers of these developments and issues:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
6. State clearly some of their major impacts on individuals, groups and society at large
7. The issues depicted in the slides, and in the article how relevant are they today?
8. How do they relate to our lives and global society today, the U.S. in particular?
9. Which explanation can you provide for these developments and issues?
10. Now that you have identified the issues and their causes, drivers and impacts on individuals, groups and society at large, which alternatives or solutions would you provide toward reducing if not eliminating these issues? And, what makes you believe that your solutions would work?
·
Limit your work to 1-2 pages
PART II SELECTED ARTICLE:
1. THE CASE FOR REPARATIONS
TO READ THIS ARTICLES FROM THE ATLANTIC MAGAZINE
·
JUST CLICK ON THE LINK BELOW TO READ THE ARTICLE. WATCH THE VIDEO CLIP, AND THE INTERACTIVE MAP.
http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2014/06/the-case-for-reparations/361631/
https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2014/06/the-case-for-reparations/361631/
·
YOU CAN SCROLL DOWN THE PAGE ON THE ARTICLE TO LISTEN TO THE AUDIO VERSION OF THIS ARTICLE
1. First summarize the article (1- 2 pages)
2. Identify the key issues discussed in the article
3. Which insights do they provide on inequality, class, wealth, power, race, racism and human rights in America (The United States)?
4. What are your key takeaways from the article? Do you agree with the author’s contentions?
5. Which sustainable solutions or alternatives would you propose towards reducing or eliminating inequalities, discrimination and prejudice in cultures, the U.S. in particular?
6. How do you see the future of the U.S. and the 21st century world with regard to the position of African Americans and other issues raised in the article?
For questions 2 to 6 do not exceed 3-4 paragraphs.
PART III.
MOVING FORWARD:
1. TO WHAT EXTENT HAVE THESE POLICIES IMPACTED STRUCTURES AND ORGANIZATION OF AFRICAN AMERICAN FAMILES IN THE U.S. THEN AND TODAY?
2. CAN YOU PROVIDE ANY SUSTAINABLE SOLUTION OR ALTERNATIVE TO REDUCING IF NOT ELIMINATING THESE ISSUES?
3. WHAT DID YOU LEARN FROM DOING THIS ASSIGNMENT ON AMERICAN SOCIAL SYSTEMS?
(Limit your answer to 2 paragraphs)
The information contained in the article is very informative and thought provoking.
CHILD LABOR IN AMERICA
The searing photos that helped end child labor in America
CHILD LABOR IN AMERICA
A young spinner in a North Carolina cotton manufacturing company poses for Lewis Hine, the documentary photographer who inspired the creation of laws to ban child labor. (Library of Congress)
CHILD LABOR IN AMERICA
Maud Daly, age 5 and Grade Daly, age 3, photographed by Hine in 1911. Hine wrote that each girl picked a pot of a shrimp a day for a Mississippi oyster company. “The youngest said to be the fastest worker,” Hine noted. (Library of Congress)
CHILD LABOR IN AMERICA
The “breaker boys” at a Pennsylvania coal mine, photographed by Hine in 1911. (Library of Congress)
CHILD LABOR IN AMERICA
In 1916, Hine took this photo of Harold Walker, a 5-year-old field worker in Oklahoma. (Library of Congress)
CHILD LABOR IN AMERICA
Hine strove to show that working conditions for children were unsafe. At a Georgia textile mill in 1909, he found boys so small they had to climb on the machinery to mend broken threads. (Library of Congress
CHILD LABOR IN AMERICA
Hine photographed this 10-year-old boy on a tobacco farm in Connecticut in 1917. (Library of Congress)
CHILD LABOR IN AMERICA
Hine took dozens of photos of newsboys on the streets of Washington. Here, he photographed 6-year-old Earle Holt in Southwest Washington. (Library of Congress)
CHILD LABOR IN AMERICA
In 1911, Hine met these young workers at in a glass factory in Alexandria, Va. Hine rarely took photos of black children, who were typically not allowed to work alongside the white children he photographed. (Library of Congress)
CHILD LABOR IN AMERICA
Frank, a 14-year-old coal miner in West Virginia, had his legs cut off by a motor car inside a mine. Hine photographed him in 1910. (Library of Congress)
Child labor in America (cont).
National Child Labor Committee Collection
REVIEV THE IMAGES ON THIS LINK
http://www.loc.gov/pictures/search/?
st=grid&co=nclc
Blackboard Assignment:
Post your takeaway on the discussion section of the blackboard.
Generate questions for class discussion
Read and comment on the posts of other participant
Be constructive in your posts.
The searing photos that helped end child labor in America
LINK TO THE FIRST ARTICLE
https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/retropolis/wp/2018/09/02/the-incredible-photos-that-inspired-the-end-of-child-labor-in-america/?utm_term=.
bebe36fa9a29
ASSIGNMENT WEEK 1 OF CLASS
1. READ THE ARTICLE
2. POST YOUR TAKEAWAY AND COMMENT ON THE BLACKBOARD.
3. GENERATE QUESTIONS FOR CLASS DISCUSSION
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What is Poverty? Jo Goodwin Parker (1971)
When George Henderson, a professor at the University of Oklahoma, was writing his 1971
book, America’s Other Children: Public Schools Outside Suburbia, he received the following
essay in the mail. It was signed “Jo Goodwin Parker” and had been mailed from West Virginia.
No further information was ever discovered about the essay or its source. Whether the author
of this essay was in reality a woman describing her own painful experiences or a sympathetic
writer who had adopted her persona, Jo Goodwin Parker remains a mystery.
You ask me what is poverty? Listen to me. Here I am, dirty, smelly, and with no “proper”
underwear on and with the stench of my rotting teeth near you. I will tell you. Listen to me.
Listen without pity. I cannot use your pity. Listen with understanding. Put yourself in my dirty,
worn out, ill-fitting shoes, and hear me.
Poverty is getting up every morning from a dirt- and illness-stained mattress. The sheets have
long since been used for diapers. Poverty is living with a smell that never leaves. This is a smell
of urine, sour milk, and spoiling food sometimes joined with the strong smell of long-cooked
onions. Onions are cheap. If you have smelled this smell, you did not know how it came. It is
the smell of the outdoor privy. It is the smell of young children who cannot walk the long dark
way in the night. It is the smell of the mattresses where years of “accidents” have happened. It
is the smell of the milk which has gone sour because the refrigerator long has not worked, and
it costs money to get it fixed. It is the smell of rotting garbage. I could bury it, but where is the
shovel? Shovels cost money.
Poverty is being tired. I have always been tired. They told me at the hospital when the last
baby came that I had chronic anemia caused from poor diet, a bad case of worms, and that I
needed a corrective operation. I listened politely—the poor are always polite. The poor always
listen. They don’t say that there is no money for iron pills, or better food, or worm medicine.
The idea of an operation is frightening and costs so much that, if I had dared, I would have
laughed. Who takes care of my children? Recovery from an operation takes a long time. I have
three children. When I left them with “Granny” the last time I had a job, I came home to find
the baby covered with fly specks, and a diaper that had not been changed since I left. When
the dried diaper came off, bits of my baby’s flesh came with it. My other child was playing with
a sharp bit of broken glass, and my oldest was playing alone at the edge of a lake. I made
twenty-two dollars a week, and a good nursery school costs twenty dollars a week for three
children. I quit my job.
Poverty is dirt. You say in your clean clothes coming from your clean house, “Anybody can be
clean.” Let me explain about housekeeping with no money. For breakfast I give my children
grits with no oleo or cornbread without eggs and oleo. This does not use up many dishes. What
dishes there are, I wash in cold water and with no soap. Even the cheapest soap has to be
saved for the baby’s diapers. Look at my hands, so cracked and red. Once I saved for two
months to buy a jar of Vaseline for my hands and the baby’s diaper rash. When I had saved
enough, I went to buy it and the price had gone up two cents. The baby and I suffered on. I
have to decide every day if I can bear to put my cracked, sore hands into the cold water and
strong soap. But you ask, why not hot water? Fuel costs money. If you have a wood fire it costs
money. If you burn electricity, it costs money. Hot water is a luxury. I do not have luxuries. I
know you will be surprised when I tell you how young I am. I look so much older. My back has
been bent over the wash tubs for so long, I cannot remember when I ever did anything else.
Every night I wash every stitch my school age child has on and just hope her clothes will be dry
by morning.
Poverty is staying up all night on cold nights to watch the fire, knowing one spark on the
newspaper covering the walls means your sleeping children die in flames. In summer poverty is
watching gnats and flies devour your baby’s tears when he cries. The screens are torn and you
pay so little rent you know they will never be fixed. Poverty means insects in your food, in your
nose, in your eyes, and crawling over you when you sleep. Poverty is hoping it never rains
because diapers won’t dry when it rains and soon you are using newspapers. Poverty is seeing
your children forever with runny noses. Paper handkerchiefs cost money and all your rags you
need for other things. Even more costly are antihistamines. Poverty is cooking without food
and cleaning without soap. Poverty is asking for help. Have you ever had to ask for help,
knowing your children will suffer unless you get it? Think about asking for a loan from a
relative, if this is the only way you can imagine asking for help. I will tell you how it feels. You
find out where the office is that you are supposed to visit. You circle that block four or five
times. Thinking of your children, you go in. Everyone is very busy. Finally, someone comes out
and you tell her that you need help. That never is the person you need to see. You go see
another person, and after spilling the whole shame of your poverty all over the desk between
you, you find that this isn’t the right office after all—you must repeat the whole process, and it
never is any easier at the next place.
You have asked for help, and after all it has a cost. You are again told to wait. You are told why,
but you don’t really hear because of the red cloud of shame and the rising black cloud of
despair.
Poverty is remembering. It is remembering quitting school in junior high because “nice”
children had been so cruel about my clothes and my smell. The attendance officer came. My
mother told him I was pregnant. I wasn’t but she thought that I could get a job and help out. I
had jobs off and on, but never long enough to learn anything. Mostly I remember being
married. I was so young then. I am still young. For a time, we had all the things you have. There
was a little house in another town, with hot water and everything. Then my husband lost his
job. There was unemployment insurance for a while and what few jobs I could get. Soon, all
our nice things were repossessed and we moved back here. I was pregnant then. This house
didn’t look so bad when we first moved in. Every week it gets worse. Nothing is ever fixed. We
now had no money. There were a few odd jobs for my husband, but everything went for food
then, as it does now. I don’t know how we lived through three years and three babies, but we
did. I’ll tell you something, after the last baby I destroyed my marriage. It had been a good one,
but could you keep on bringing children in this dirt? Did you ever think how much it costs for
any kind of birth control? I knew my husband was leaving the day he left, but there were no
good-byes between us. I hope he has been able to climb out of this mess somewhere. He
never could hope with us to drag him down. That’s when I asked for help. When I got it, you
know how much it was? It was, and is, seventy-eight dollars a month for the four of us; that is
all I ever can get. Now you know why there is no soap, no needles and thread, no hot water,
no aspirin, no worm medicine, no hand cream, no shampoo. None of these things forever and
ever and ever. So that you can see clearly, I pay twenty dollars a month rent, and most of the
rest goes for food. For grits and cornmeal, and rice and milk and beans. I try my best to use
only the minimum electricity. If I use more, there is that much less for food. Poverty is looking
into a black future. Your children won’t play with my boys. They will turn to other boys who
steal to get what they want can already see them behind the bars of their prison instead of
behind the bars of my poverty. Or they will turn to the freedom of alcohol or drugs, and find
themselves enslaved. And my daughter? At best, there is for her a life like mine.
But you say to me, there are schools. Yes, there are schools. My children have no extra books,
no magazines, no extra pencils, or crayons, or paper and the most important of all, they do not
have health. They have worms, they have infections, they have pinkeye all summer. They do
not sleep well on the floor, or with me in my one bed. They do not suffer from hunger, my
seventy-eight dollars keeps us alive, but they do suffer from malnutrition. Oh yes, I do
remember what I was taught about health in school. It doesn’t do much good. In some places
there is a surplus commodities program. Not here. The county said it cost too much. There is a
school lunch program. But I have two children who will already be damaged by the time they
get to school.
But, you say to me, there are health clinics. Yes, there are health clinics and they are in the
towns. I live out here eight miles from town. I can walk that far (even if it is sixteen miles both
ways), but can my little children? My neighbor will take me when he goes; but he expects to
get paid, one way or another. I bet you know my neighbor. He is that large man who spends
his time at the gas station, the barbershop, and the corner store complaining about the
government spending money on the immoral mothers of illegitimate children.
Poverty is an acid that drips on pride until all pride is worn away. Poverty is a chisel that chips
on honor until honor is worn away. Some of you say that you would do something in my
situation, and maybe you would, for the first week or the first month, but for year after year
after year?
Even the poor can dream. A dream of a time when there is money. Money for the right kinds
of food, for worm medicine, for iron pills, for toothbrushes, for hand cream, for a hammer and
nails and a bit of screening, for a shovel, for a bit of paint, for some sheeting, for needles and
thread. Money to pay in money for a trip to town. And, oh, money for hot water and money
for soap. A dream of when asking for help does not eat away the last bit of pride. When the
office you visit is as nice as the offices of other governmental agencies, when there are enough
workers to help you quickly, when workers do not quit in defeat and despair. When you have
to tell your story to only one person, and that person can send you for other help and you
don’t have to prove your poverty over and over and over again.
I have come out of my despair to tell you this. Remember I did not come from another place or
another time. Others like me are all around you. Look at us with an angry heart, anger that will
help you help me. Anger that will let you tell of me. The poor are always silent. Can you be
silent too?
How to Look Rich Without Being Rich (for
Teens)
Buy well-made clothes, preferably without a recognizable label. You want people to wonder
how you found such a wonderful piece. Look at outlet stores and TJ Maxx for deals on
normally expensive clothes. Try to focus more on quality rather than quantity. Pay close
attention to fit and fabric. Buy only quality items and avoid anything with logos or you’ll look
like you are trying to come off as rich.
Accessorize. Buy jewelry that looks like silver or gold. You can find inexpensive but rich looking
jewelry many places. Never buy plastic accessories ( but polished wood is acceptable ). Just
remember: gold and silver together is tacky unless you blend well; wear gobs of gold and silver
necklaces together at the same time.
Buying one pair of shoes to go with your wardrobe is impossible. Ballet flats are very classy
looking, without costing too much.Or You could try a classic pair of black heels which is a
symbol of elegance. You should try and be very diverse with your shoe wardrobe so things
don’t get to boring.
http://www.wikihow.com/Look-Rich-Without-Being-Rich-%28for-Teens%29
http://www.wikihow.com/Look-Rich-Without-Being-Rich-%28for-Teens%29
Make sure you are always clean and well-groomed. This means having neat hair, whether it is
styled or down, a clean face with light amounts of makeup. Keep your nails on trend and clean,
but a french manicure is timeless. It is a bonus to smell nice as well.
Carry yourself proudly and show confidence, be calm yet out-spoken, and take the time to
add new words to your vocabulary.
Becoming an educated young person is often the first stepping stone to looking rich and
becoming rich later. Do well in school and aim to go to college.
Keep your house clean, especially when people come over. Keep everything in its place. Make
sure that your house gets vacuumed at least once a week and dusted every two weeks. Even if
your house isn’t the Ritz, it will still look richer after a good cleaning.
Play sports and stay in shape. Wealthy people tend to be thin and in shape. You will feel
better and your clothes will fit better.
I love this game, I love this sport, I love this league. Why don’t I get my own team?
Roman Abramovich
My parents shared not only an improbable love, they shared an abiding faith in the possibilities
of this nation. They would give me an African name, Barack, or blessed, believing that in a
tolerant America your name is no barrier to success. They imagined me going to the best
schools in the land, even though they weren’t rich, because in a generous America you don’t
have to be rich to achieve your potential
Barack Obama
I’ve never lived in a building without my name on it.
Ivanka Trump
Lots of people want to ride with you in the Limo, but what you want is someone who will take the
bus with you when the Limo breaks down.
Oprah Winfrey
http://www.wikihow.com/Get-Beautiful%2C-Glowing-Skin
http://www.woopidoo.com/business_quotes/authors/roman-abramovich/index.htm
http://www.woopidoo.com/business_quotes/authors/barack-obama/index.htm
http://www.woopidoo.com/business_quotes/authors/ivanka-trump/index.htm
http://www.woopidoo.com/business_quotes/authors/oprah-winfrey-quotes.htm
Lifeclass: ‘Being rich is ruining my life’
Having vast sums of cash can stir great depths of guilt, unworthiness and resentment
Lesley Garner 12:01AM GMT 19 Feb 2008
A large trust fund was meant to set Francesca free. Instead she feels guilty, lonely
and trapped, writes Lesley Garner
Dear Lesley,
I am 26 and thoroughly fed up with the rut of unhappiness in which I’ve been stuck for
a long time. I believe a lot of my troubles stem from the fact that my parents did
almost nothing to prepare me for life after school.
I was pushed through a boarding school, where I was badly bullied. My father gave me
no encouragement in the one thing I loved, horse-riding. I was totally unprepared for
what came next – a large amount of money in a trust fund and no advice about what to
do with it.
I feel very angry with my parents, particularly my father. Their inability to talk about
money was a major factor in their divorce.
His unspoken view is that it is desperately vulgar to discuss money, while my mother
let him make all the financial decisions.
Since graduating from university, I’ve had a series of pointless, badly paid jobs,
interspersed with some volunteer work for charities, while living between my parents’
homes.
I think it’s good for me to be employed but, since I don’t need the money, there is no
motivation for me to stick anything out.
I suffer from severe anxiety attacks, mood swings and bouts of depression. I have tried
various therapies, but I refuse to take any medication. I don’t want to surrender
ownership of my emotions to some pharmaceutical company.
I feel there is no one I can talk to, though I sometimes ring the Samaritans. Because I
have not actually earned my money I have no concept of its worth, and I feel like my
trust fund manager is a fire-breathing dragon.
I would like to make a home of my own, but if I spend my money on a house it would
mean having to forgive my father and be grateful. I feel locked in a cycle of despair. If
you could give me just a few nuggets of impartial advice I would be immensely
grateful. Francesca
Dear Francesca,
I was attracted to your problem because I think the relationship between money,
feelings and relationships is fascinating, and one that is not examined enough.
Many people reading this will be amazed that you think you have a problem. I know
you are aware of this because you say you find it difficult to talk to anybody about it.
Most of us, buoyed up by childhood fairy tales and headlines about lottery winners,
think coming into a large sum of money would be the best thing that could ever
happen.
But it can be just as much of a shock as suddenly losing it and can stir great depths of
guilt, unworthiness and resentment.
Those people who can’t believe you have a problem will also find your attitude to your
parents’ failings baffling. It is clear that, given the upbringing they probably had, your
parents have done very well by you.
They sent you to what they thought was the right sort of school. They insisted on an
academic education that many less privileged but clever girls would love. They got you
through university.
They gave you everything you asked for, even though you resented having to ask for it.
Where they failed you is obviously on the emotional level – they don’t seem to have
instilled in you any sense of gratitude or responsibility regarding your good fortune.
Where is the noblesse oblige in this story? Where is your sense of social usefulness or
personal fulfilment? And where is your sense of self-worth?
I can tell that you are in a great deal of emotional confusion, which I can’t clear up. I
think you should reconsider your attitude to medication, especially since you say you
have tried many therapies – too many, I’d say.
The right medication can give you respite while you stabilise yourself, without taking
away your emotions. This is something to discuss with a doctor you trust.
You mentioned in your letter, which I have edited here, that you are drawn to doing
the Hoffman Process (www.hoffmaninstitute.co.uk) and I highly recommend this.
It is the best way I know of radically transforming your attitude to your family. Until
you have done that, you will find it hard to get over the resentments holding you back.
The good news I really want you to take on board is that it is possible to re-educate
yourself and rebuild your confidence. With money in the bank, you can exercise all
sorts of healthy choices.
You have told me that your fund might – although you don’t know for sure – be worth
half a million. I find that interesting because, while very nice, it isn’t enough to absolve
you from the responsibility for earning your own living. You can afford to buy yourself
a nice home, but that would be about it, certainly in the South-East.
You would then have to work to pay the bills like everyone else. I think that buying
somewhere would be a good thing to do. It isn’t healthy for you to be still living with
parents you despise.
Get out and find a jolly flatmate, preferably someone who is excited about their career
and is engaged with life. You will not grow up until you start living independently.
And as for your trust fund, it will help you to take part in the world. The best use of
money is not to buy designer labels and expensive holidays but to make a difference to
other people and create an exciting life in the process.
First, take some control. Ring up the “fire-breathing dragon” you imagine your fund
manager to be and ask her out for lunch. She works for you, after all. Say that you
want to understand exactly how much you have and how it is managed. Knowledge
will dissipate your fear.
Next, tackle your attitude. You said at one point in your letter that you think of
throwing all your money away or giving it to charity. That is infantile. Certainly give to
charity, but do it in a responsible way.
I recommend attending a meeting of the Funding Network
(www.thefundingnetwork.co.uk), an organisation of individuals (some of whom have
trust funds) who meet to invest their cash in charities involved with social change.
Their meetings are fun, informative and very inspiring; the next one is on April 19.
Your youth is no barrier. When Zac Goldsmith – who inherited £300 million – was 28 he
won the Beacon Prize for raising more than $5 million for environmental campaigns.
http://www.thefundingnetwork.co.uk/
Look up www.beaconfellowship.org.uk. Last year’s winner of the Beacon Prize for
Young Philanthropy was 22-year-old Alexander McLean for his African Prisons Project.
Money is not the only motivation for sticking at a job. What really counts is interest,
passion and engagement.
You don’t really need therapy; you need a sense of purpose. If you can’t work one out,
attach yourself to someone who can, and learn from them.
Finally, Francesca, I strongly suggest that you get back up on a horse. You say riding is
the only thing you’ve ever wanted to do. Horses are non-judgmental, physical,
demanding and utterly therapeutic. You spend far too much time thinking.
Don’t waste any more time. Face your fears. Use your good fortune to create a life you
will love, despite your parents. They are not holding you back, but your feelings about
them are. And know that in a year or so your life could look very different.
http://www.beaconfellowship.org.uk/
Charles dickens
Hard times images
WHAT ARE THE SOCIAL CONTEXTS OF THESE EVENTS?
HOW DO THEY SHAPE AND FORM THE INTELLECTUAL CONTEXTS OF THE AUTHORS OR THEORISTS AT THE TIME?
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