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Salmonella enteridis (bacteria)
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Pathogenicity:
-salmonella- food poisoning
Portal of entry/exit:
-digestive tract
Mode of transmission: (vehicle)
-eggs of infected hens
-salmonella- food poisoning
Portal of entry/exit:
-digestive tract
Mode of transmission: (vehicle)
-eggs of infected hens
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Francisella tularensis (tularemia) bacteria
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Pathogenicity:
-tularemia/ rabbit fever
Reservoir:
-Wild rabbits
Portals of entry/ exit:
-parental route (cuts/ scratches)
-digestive tract (undercooked, infected meat)
-tularemia/ rabbit fever
Reservoir:
-Wild rabbits
Portals of entry/ exit:
-parental route (cuts/ scratches)
-digestive tract (undercooked, infected meat)
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis (bacteria)
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Pathogenicity:
Tuberculosis- chronic infection of the lungs
Major virulence factor:
Mycolic acids (waxy lipids in cell walls)
Portal of entry/ exit:
-respiratory tract
Modes of transmission:
-droplet transmission
-airborne transmission (dried sputum)
Tuberculosis- chronic infection of the lungs
Major virulence factor:
Mycolic acids (waxy lipids in cell walls)
Portal of entry/ exit:
-respiratory tract
Modes of transmission:
-droplet transmission
-airborne transmission (dried sputum)
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Chalmydia trachomatis (bacteria)
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Pathogenicity:
Trachoma- infection of conjunctiva that can cause blindness
-lymphogranuloma venereulm- STD that involves lymph nodes in groin
- NGU (nongonococcal urethritis) /NSU (nonspecific urethritis)
-most common STD in USA; can cause PID in infected women and eye infections / pneumonia in their babies.
Portals of entry/exit:
-conjunctiva (trachoma)
-urogennital tract- NGU -lympgranuloma venereum
Mode of contact:
-transmission: physical/ sexual contact
Trachoma- infection of conjunctiva that can cause blindness
-lymphogranuloma venereulm- STD that involves lymph nodes in groin
- NGU (nongonococcal urethritis) /NSU (nonspecific urethritis)
-most common STD in USA; can cause PID in infected women and eye infections / pneumonia in their babies.
Portals of entry/exit:
-conjunctiva (trachoma)
-urogennital tract- NGU -lympgranuloma venereum
Mode of contact:
-transmission: physical/ sexual contact
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Chlamydia psittaci
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Energy parasites which depend on their host for energy
Pathogenicity:
-psittacosis (orinthosis, parrot fever)
Reservoir:
Birds
Portal of entry/ exit:
-respiratory tract
Mode of transmission:
-airborne (vehicle) inhaling particles of bird feces
Pathogenicity:
-psittacosis (orinthosis, parrot fever)
Reservoir:
Birds
Portal of entry/ exit:
-respiratory tract
Mode of transmission:
-airborne (vehicle) inhaling particles of bird feces
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Coxiella burnetii (bacteria)
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Pathogenicity :
Q fever (not common in humans)
Portals entry/ exit:
-respiratory
Mode of transmission: airborne (aerosole)
Q fever (not common in humans)
Portals entry/ exit:
-respiratory
Mode of transmission: airborne (aerosole)
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Mycoplasma pneumoniae (bacteria)
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Mycoplasma are bacteria that lack a cell wall
pathogenicity:
- primary atypical (walking pneumonia)
Portals of entry/ exit:
Respiratory tract
Mode of transmission:
Droplet
pathogenicity:
- primary atypical (walking pneumonia)
Portals of entry/ exit:
Respiratory tract
Mode of transmission:
Droplet
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Borrelia burgdorferi (spirochete) bacteria
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Pathogenicity:
Lyme disease
Portal of entry/ exit:
Parenteral route
Mode of transmission:
Vector (deer tick)
Lyme disease
Portal of entry/ exit:
Parenteral route
Mode of transmission:
Vector (deer tick)
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Treponema pallidum spirochete (bacteria)
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Pathogenicity:
Syphilis (STD)
Portal of entry/exit:
Genitor urinary system
Mode of transmission:
Physical contact
Syphilis (STD)
Portal of entry/exit:
Genitor urinary system
Mode of transmission:
Physical contact
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Mycobacterium avium (bacteria)
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Pathogenicity:
-opportunistic form of tuberculosis found in AIDS patients with compromised immune systems
Portal of entry/exit:
Digestive tract- many internal organs infected
Modes of transmission:
Contaminated food/ water
-opportunistic form of tuberculosis found in AIDS patients with compromised immune systems
Portal of entry/exit:
Digestive tract- many internal organs infected
Modes of transmission:
Contaminated food/ water
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Vibrio cholerae
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Pathogenicity:
- asiatic cholera
Modes of transmission:
- fecal/ oral route (vehicle)
- asiatic cholera
Modes of transmission:
- fecal/ oral route (vehicle)
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Yersina pestis (plague)
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Pathogenicity:
Bubonic plague
Mode of transmission:
Vector (rat flea)
Bubonic plague
Mode of transmission:
Vector (rat flea)
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Staphylococcus aureus (bacteria)
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Pathogenicity:
-Skin abscesses
-food poisoning
-nosocomial infections
-toxic shock syndrome
Portals of entry/ exit:
-skin
-respiratory tract
Mode of transmission:
-physical contact
-vehicle: food borne
-Skin abscesses
-food poisoning
-nosocomial infections
-toxic shock syndrome
Portals of entry/ exit:
-skin
-respiratory tract
Mode of transmission:
-physical contact
-vehicle: food borne
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Streptococcus pneumoniae(pneumococcus) bacteria
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Portal of entry/exit:
Respiratory tract
Mode of transmission:
Droplet transmission
-found in 50% population as normal flora
Major virulence factor:
Capsule
Prevention:
Pneumovax vaccine
Respiratory tract
Mode of transmission:
Droplet transmission
-found in 50% population as normal flora
Major virulence factor:
Capsule
Prevention:
Pneumovax vaccine
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Streptococcus pygogens (bacteria)
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Pathogenicity:
-septic sore throat (streptococcal sore throat)
-scarlet fever: caused by strains that produce erythrogenic exotoxin (skin rash)
-rheumatic fever- sequels strep throat
-peurperal sepsis (child he's fever): infection of reproductive tract following birth
-glomerulonephritis
Portals of entry/exit:
-respiratory
-genitor urinary tract
Modes of transmission:
-droplet transmission
-physical contact (pleural sepsis)
-septic sore throat (streptococcal sore throat)
-scarlet fever: caused by strains that produce erythrogenic exotoxin (skin rash)
-rheumatic fever- sequels strep throat
-peurperal sepsis (child he's fever): infection of reproductive tract following birth
-glomerulonephritis
Portals of entry/exit:
-respiratory
-genitor urinary tract
Modes of transmission:
-droplet transmission
-physical contact (pleural sepsis)
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Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonococcus) bacteria
answer
Pathogenicity:
-gonorrhea -common STD
-apthalmia neonatorium
Portal of entry/ exit:
Genitor urinary tract
Mode of transmission:
Sexual contact
Serious complication:
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Virulence factor:
Pili- organism attaches to wall of vagina
-gonorrhea -common STD
-apthalmia neonatorium
Portal of entry/ exit:
Genitor urinary tract
Mode of transmission:
Sexual contact
Serious complication:
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Virulence factor:
Pili- organism attaches to wall of vagina
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Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus) bacteria
answer
Pathogenicity:
-epidemic meningococcal meningitis: and inflammation of protective membranes around brain/spinal cord
Portal of entry/exit:
Respiratory tract
Mode of transmission: droplet and secretion
Serious complication:
-meningococcemia: may result in septicemia with intravascular clotting that may lead to gangrene or death.
-epidemic meningococcal meningitis: and inflammation of protective membranes around brain/spinal cord
Portal of entry/exit:
Respiratory tract
Mode of transmission: droplet and secretion
Serious complication:
-meningococcemia: may result in septicemia with intravascular clotting that may lead to gangrene or death.
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Clostridium tetani (bacteria)
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Pathogenicity: tetanus (lockjaw)
- and anaerobic spore forming bacillus
Mode of transmission:
Deep puncture wound
Virulence:
Exotoxin that causes prolonged muscle contractions (lockjaw)
Treatment:
Antitoxins
Preventions:
Toxoid in DTAP and booster shots
- and anaerobic spore forming bacillus
Mode of transmission:
Deep puncture wound
Virulence:
Exotoxin that causes prolonged muscle contractions (lockjaw)
Treatment:
Antitoxins
Preventions:
Toxoid in DTAP and booster shots
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Clostridium perfringens (bacteria)
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An anaerobic bacteria found in colon
Pathogenicity:
-Food intoxication (gastroenteritis) usually warmed over foods with proteins such as stews
-gas gangrene: antemortem ischemia, reduces blood
-tissue gas: post mortem; bacteria leave colon and break down tissues, spores spread instruments, body may be unviewable
Virulence factors:
-endospores
-exotoxin
Portals of entry/exit:
-digestive tract (gastroenteritis)
-parenteral route: contaminating wounds
Mode of transmission:
Food borne (vehicle)
Pathogenicity:
-Food intoxication (gastroenteritis) usually warmed over foods with proteins such as stews
-gas gangrene: antemortem ischemia, reduces blood
-tissue gas: post mortem; bacteria leave colon and break down tissues, spores spread instruments, body may be unviewable
Virulence factors:
-endospores
-exotoxin
Portals of entry/exit:
-digestive tract (gastroenteritis)
-parenteral route: contaminating wounds
Mode of transmission:
Food borne (vehicle)
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Corynebacterium diphtheriae (bacteria)
answer
Pathogenicity: diphtheria
Major characteristic: pseudo membrane
Grayish layer layer in throat of bacteria, leukocytes, and fibrin
Virulence factor:
Exotoxin that inhibits proteins synthesis, damages nerves liver and kidneys
Portal of entry/ exit:
Respiratory tract
Mode of transmission:
Droplet
Prevention:
DTAP vaccine (obtains diphtheria toxoid)
Major characteristic: pseudo membrane
Grayish layer layer in throat of bacteria, leukocytes, and fibrin
Virulence factor:
Exotoxin that inhibits proteins synthesis, damages nerves liver and kidneys
Portal of entry/ exit:
Respiratory tract
Mode of transmission:
Droplet
Prevention:
DTAP vaccine (obtains diphtheria toxoid)
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Campylobacter jejuni
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Pathogenicity: gastroenteritis (diarrhea)
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Eacherichia coli (e. Coli)
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Pathogenicity: enteritis (gastroenteritis)
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Clostridium botulinum
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Pathogenicity: botuslism
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Bacillus anthracis
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a causative agent of anthrax
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Haemophilus influenzae
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Meningitis, Upper respiratory infections
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Proteus species
answer
Pathogenicity: secondary infections in burn patients
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Pseudomonas species
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resistant to and can actually grow in some disinfectants
Secondary infections in burn patients
Secondary infections in burn patients
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Shigella species
answer
Pathogenicity: bacillary dysentery (shigellosis)
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Bacteroid species
answer
Pathogenicity: multiple infections
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Heliobacter pylori
answer
Pathogenicity: gastric/ peptic ulcers
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Clostridium difficile C. Diff (bacteria)
answer
Pathogenicity: colitis
Portals of entry/ exit: digestive tract
Modes of transmission:
-feces of animals
-nosocomial infection
Portals of entry/ exit: digestive tract
Modes of transmission:
-feces of animals
-nosocomial infection
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Leptospira interrogans
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Pathogenicity: leptospirosis (extremely rare) spread thru the urine of infected animals (rodents)
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Occupational exposure
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reasonably anticipated skin, eye, mucous membrane, or parenteral, contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials that may result from the performance of a worker's duties
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Klebsiella pneumoniae
answer
Pathogenicity:
-lobar pneumonia
-urinary tract infections
-lobar pneumonia
-urinary tract infections
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Salmonella typhi (bacteria)
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Pathogenicity: typhoid fever: infection of the small intestine with a high fever
Portal of entry/exit: digestive tract
Mode of transmission: fecal-oral route (vehicle) contaminated food/ water.
Portal of entry/exit: digestive tract
Mode of transmission: fecal-oral route (vehicle) contaminated food/ water.
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