Practice using an online computer database to search for the literature on Bullying. Conduct several searches until you find an article that is as close as possible to your research topic. Then conduct a second search using descriptors mentioned in Chapter 2 of your text. Choose 5 articles that address bullying and an abstract for your literature review.
Your assignment: Create a Annotated Bibliography using the 5 to 8 articles you selected. Make sure to use APA format. The two links below will help you with your bibliography.
https://columbiacollege-ca.libguides.com/ld.php?content_id=27568821
https://columbiacollege-ca.libguides.com/ld.php?content_id=27568822
Review of the Literature
Chapter 2
Introduction
• Topic – subject or subject matter of a study
– e.g., “faculty teaching,” “organizational creativity,”
“psychological stress”
• Conduct literature review about the topic
– Worth studying?
– Scope?
– Can be studied
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The Research Topic
• Gain insight into the topic by
– Drafting a working title
• “My study is about…”
– Posing a brief question
• What needs to be answered?
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• First step is to examine research on the topic
• How does this project contribute to the literature?
• New topic, new elements, replication with new
participants?
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The Research Topic
• The topic can be researched if
– You have access to participants
– You have resources to collect and analyze information
• The topic should be researched if
– The research will add to the literature about the topic
– Scholars will be interested in the topic
– A study of it will advance your personal goals
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The Research Topic
The Literature Review
• Shares the results of other studies
• Relates the study to the larger dialogue in the literature
• Provides a framework for establishing the importance of
the study
• Provides a benchmark for comparing the results to other
findings
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The use of the literature:
• Seek opinion of adviser or faculty members
• Tell the reader you are aware of literature
• Literature reviews take several forms:
– Integrate what others have done and said
– Criticize previous scholarly works
– Bridge between related topics
– Identify the central issues in the field
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The Literature Review
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The Literature Review
The use of the literature:
• In quantitative studies, researchers use literature to:
– Provide direction to the research questions and
hypotheses
– Introduce a problem
– Introduce and describe the theory that will be used
– Examine the usefulness of the theory
– Compare results with existing literature or predictions
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The Literature Review
The use of the literature:
• In mixed methods studies, researchers use the
literature:
– In either a quantitative or qualitative approach
– In each phase, consistent with either the
quantitative or qualitative approach
– Relative to the intended audience
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The Literature Review
Steps in conducting a literature review:
• Identify key words
• Search databases
• Identify about 50 research reports in articles or books
• Collect those that are central to your topic
• Design a literature map
• Draft summaries of relevant articles
• Write a literature review, organizing it by important
concepts
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The Literature Review
Searching computerized databases:
• Computerized databases of the literature are available
the Internet
• Databases provide access to journal articles, conference
papers and dissertations on a wealth of topics
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The Literature Review
Searching computerized databases:
• Some of these online databases include:
– ERIC – ProQuest – EBSCO
– Sociological Abstracts – PsycINFO – PubMed
– Science Direct – Google scholar – SSCI
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The Literature Review
Searching computerized databases:
• Use both free databases and those available in your
academic library
• Search several databases, even those outside your field
• Use guides to terms to locate articles
• Locate articles close to your topic and use their terms in
your search
• Use databases that provide access to full text
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The Literature Review
A priority for selecting literature material:
• Start with broad syntheses (such as encyclopedias) if you
are new to the topic
• Turn to journal articles in national journals
– Best source for research reports
• Next, consider books
• Then examine conference papers
• Scan for dissertations
• Lastly, consider reports on the web
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The Literature Review
A literature map of the research
• A literature map is a visual summary of existing research
on a topic
• The structure of the literature map may be:
– Hierarchical pattern
– Flowchart layout
– Series of circles
• Write a narrative description
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The Literature Review
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The Literature Review
Abstracting studies:
• Abstracts summarize major elements of the article
• For research studies:
– Mention the problem
– State the central purpose
– State information about the population and sample
– Review key results
– Point out methodological flaws (if a critique or
methods review)
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The Literature Review
Abstracting studies:
• For nonempirical studies (essays, opinions, etc.)
– Mention the problem
– Identify the central theme
– State the major conclusions
– Mention flaws in reasoning or logic (if a
methodological review)
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The Literature Review
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The Literature Review
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The Literature Review
Style manuals:
• Style manuals provide guidelines for producing scholarly
work and include directions on:
– Citing references in-text
– End-of-text references
– Creating headings
– Footnotes (not used in all style manuals)
– Presenting tables and figures
• Reminder: Consistently use the chosen style manual
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The Literature Review
Definition of terms
• Identify and define terms that readers need to understand a
proposal
• Define terms introduced in all sections of the research plan:
– Title of the study
– Problem statement
– Purpose statement
– Research questions, hypotheses, or objectives
– Literature review
– Theory base of the study
– Methods section
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The Literature Review
Definition of terms
• Qualitative studies
– Inductive and evolutionary in nature
– The definition of terms may appear later in the written
report, perhaps in the data analysis
• Quantitative studies
– Deductive with a fixed set of objectives
– All relevant terms are comprehensively defined earlier
in the study
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The Literature Review
Definition of terms
• Mixed methods studies
– Follows the use of quantitative or qualitative
approach
– Clarify terms related to mixed methods
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The Literature Review
Definition of terms
• Define terms when they first appear in the manuscript
• Use specific operational definitions
• Do not define terms using everyday language, be guided
by the literature
• Define terms so that they accomplish different goals
• One may use a definition of terms section in the
manuscript
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The Literature Review
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The Literature Review
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The Literature Review
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The Literature Review
A quantitative or mixed methods literature review:
• Introduce the review with a statement about the
organization of the sections
• Review literature about the independent variables
• Review literature about the dependent variables
• Review literature that relates the independent variables to
the dependent variables
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The Literature Review
A quantitative or mixed methods literature review:
• Provide a summary
– Highlight important studies
– Capture major themes
– Suggest why more research is needed
– Advance how the proposed study will fill this need
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The Literature Review
Summary
• Identify your topic through a brief title or central research
question
• Use the literature to
– Present similar studies
– Relate the study to the literature
– Provide a framework for comparison
• Different purpose depending on approach
• Search databases using key terms
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