HELLO,
Please write a discussion as per the guidelines belowand questions
WEEK ONE-DISCUSSION
Week One-Discussion
What are the possible results of an attack on a computer network?
Write in 300 words
====================================================
Hello,
Please write an article review as per the guidelines below and attached article format attached below, write 2-3 pages and without any plagiarism and don’t use AI
WEEK ONE-ARTICLE REVIEW
4 Dos and Don’ts of Information Security in the Workplace
By Ken Schriever Apr 20, 2022 Cybersecurity
NOTE: Dont use AI or any other tools.
Computer Security
Fundamentals
Fifth Edition
Dr. Chuck Easttom
Chapter 2 Networks and the Internet
Chapter 2 Objectives
Identify each of the major protocols used in
network communication (for example, FTP and
Telnet) and what use you make of each of them
Understand the various connection methods and
speeds used on networks
Compare and contrast various network devices
Identify and explain various network protocols
Understand how data is transmitted over a
network
© 2024 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 2 Networks and the Internet
2
Chapter 2 Objectives (cont.)
Explain how the Internet works and the use of
IP addresses and URLs
Recount a brief history of the Internet
Use network utilities such as ping, IPConfig,
and tracert
Describe the OSI model of network
communication and the use of MAC
addresses
© 2024 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 2 Networks and the Internet
3
Network Basics
A network is two or more computers
connected via a Network Interface Card (NIC)
Networks use radio signals to transmit to a
nearby wireless router or hub
A wireless router, hub, or NIC must have an
antenna to transmit and receive signals
© 2024 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 2 Networks and the Internet
4
The Physical Connection:
Local Networks
Traditional (wired) NICs use an RJ-45 connection
Most networks use Cat 5 cable or Cat 6 cable
© 2024 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 2 Networks and the Internet
5
The Physical Connection:
Local Networks (cont.)
The hub is the simplest connection device
Creates a simple network
❑ Sends traffic out all ports (no routing or switching)
❑
The repeater is a device that boosts signal
❑
The switch is an intelligent hub
❑
Used when cables exceed the maximum length
Sends packets only to the intended host
The router is more sophisticated
❑
Limits traffic to the intended network
© 2024 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 2 Networks and the Internet
6
Faster Connection Speeds
Internet Connection Types and Speeds:
© 2024 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 2 Networks and the Internet
7
Wireless and Bluetooth
Wireless
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
(IEEE) standard 802.11 provides guidelines for
wireless networking
❑ Various letter designations denote different wireless
speeds, such as 802.11n
❑
Bluetooth
Bluetooth is short-distance radio that uses the 2.4GHz
to 2.485GHz frequency
❑ This standard enables devices to discover other
Bluetooth devices that are within range
❑
© 2024 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 2 Networks and the Internet
8
Data Transmission
Networks transmit binary information in packets
using certain protocols and ports
Protocols are rules that control network and Internet
communication
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is connectionoriented
❑ Internet Protocol (IP) is connectionless
❑
Ports are handles or connection points
Ports use a numeric designation for a pathway of
communications
❑ The combination of your computer’s IP address and port
number is referred to as a socket
❑
© 2024 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 2 Networks and the Internet
9
How the Internet Works
To connect to the Internet, you log on to your
Internet service provider (ISP)
The ISP connects to another ISP or a
backbone provider
One backbone provider connects to another
at a network access point (NAP)
© 2024 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 2 Networks and the Internet
10
IP Addresses
IP (Internet Protocol) Addresses
Necessary to navigate the Internet
❑ A unique identifier, like a Social Security
number
❑ Usually in binary form
❑ Consists of four octets separated by decimals
❑ First octet defines the class to which the IP
belongs
❑
© 2024 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 2 Networks and the Internet
11
IP Addresses (cont.)
Availability of IP Addresses
IP addresses are not infinite
❑ An IP address can be IPv4 or IPv6
❑ A subnet is a portion of a network that shares the
same subnet address
❑ Subnet masks describe what subnet the address
belongs to
❑ Classless interdomain routing (CIDR) is a way to
describe the subnet with the IP address
❑
© 2024 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 2 Networks and the Internet
12
Uniform Resource Locators
Uniform Resource Locators (URLs)
The easy way to remember a website
❑ Translated by the Domain Name System
(DNS) to an IP address
❑ Error messages can be sent
by the web server
❑
© 2024 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 2 Networks and the Internet
13
Uniform Resource Locators (cont.)
Error Messages
100 series: informational
❑ 200 series: usually not seen because they
indicate success
❑ 300 series: redirectional
❑ 400 series: client errors
❑ 500 series: server errors
❑
© 2024 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 2 Networks and the Internet
14
History of the Internet
The Internet traces its roots to the Cold War
In 1957, the U.S. government formed the Advanced
Research Projects Agency (ARPA) within the Defense
Department
In 1968, ARPA commissioned the construction of
ARPANET, a simple Internet web of four points/nodes
In 1979, Usenet newsgroups became available
In 1990, Tim Berners-Lee developed Hypertext Transfer
Protocol (HTTP)
In 1993, the first graphical web browser, named Mosaic,
was invented
© 2024 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 2 Networks and the Internet
15
Basic Network Utilities
You can execute network utilities from a command
prompt (Windows) or shell (UNIX/Linux):
IPConfig
❑ Ping
❑ Tracert
❑ Netstat
❑ NSLookup
❑ ARP
❑ Route
❑ PathPing
❑
© 2024 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 2 Networks and the Internet
16
IPConfig
The IPConfig utility displays information about
your system
Type cmd in the search bar and press Enter
❑ At the command prompt, type ipconfig and press
Enter
❑
IPConfig shows your system’s IP address,
subnet mask, and default gateway
Type ipconfig -? to see other options, such as
ipconfig /all
© 2024 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 2 Networks and the Internet
17
Ping and Tracert
Ping tests if a system is connected to the
network
Tells how long it takes for an “echo request” packet to
arrive at the destination host
❑ Type ping -? at the command prompt to find various
ways you can refine your ping request
❑
Tracert is a deluxe version of ping
Shows every “hop” between the host and destination
address
❑ A useful tool for technicians and hackers
❑
© 2024 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 2 Networks and the Internet
18
Netstat and NSLookup
Netstat
Network status
❑ Shows active network connections
❑
NSLookup
Name server lookup
❑ Verifies whether the DNS server is running
❑ Executes DNS related commands
❑
© 2024 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 2 Networks and the Internet
19
ARP, Route, and PathPing
ARP
Address Resolution Protocol
❑ Maps IP addresses to MAC addresses
❑
Route
❑
Displays the IP routing table
PathPing
Similar to tracert/traceroute and ping
❑ Provides detailed information regarding network
latency at hops between source and destination
❑
© 2024 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 2 Networks and the Internet
20
Other Network Devices
Firewalls
Hardware or software
❑ Filter packets as they enter the network
❑ Deny unacceptable packets
❑
Proxy servers
Disguise the network
❑ Substitute their IP address for that of hosts
accessing the Internet
❑
© 2024 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 2 Networks and the Internet
21
The OSI Model
Open Systems Interconnect (OSI) Model
Seven-layer model created to describe how
networks communicate
❑ Diagnostic and troubleshooting tool
❑ Each layer supports the layer above and performs
a specific function
❑ Layer names (from top to bottom):
Application, Presentation, Session, Transport,
Network, Data link, and Physical
❑
© 2024 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 2 Networks and the Internet
22
The TCP/IP Model
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
(TCP/IP) Model
Four-layer model that performs the same activities
as the OSI model, compressed into fewer layers
❑ Describes how networks communicate
❑ Diagnostic and troubleshooting tool
❑ Layer names:
Application, Transport, Internet, and Network
Access
❑
© 2024 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 2 Networks and the Internet
23
MAC Addresses
Media Access Control (MAC) Addresses
A unique address for a NIC
❑ A sublayer of the data link layer of the OSI model
❑ Physical address, as opposed to the IP address
❑ Represented by a 6-byte hexadecimal number
❑ ARP converts IP addresses to MAC addresses
❑
© 2024 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 2 Networks and the Internet
24
Cloud Computing
Cloud computing enables network access to a
shared pool of resources
Three primary classifications are public, private,
and community
Public clouds offer their infrastructure or services to
the general public or a large industry group
❑ Private clouds are used by a single organization
without offering services to outside parties
❑ Community clouds provide services for several
organizations for community needs
❑
© 2024 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 2 Networks and the Internet
25
Summary
This chapter provides a basic understanding
of how networks and the Internet work
You should now understand:
The structure of networks and the Internet
❑ Basic hardware such as switches, NICs, routers,
and hubs
❑ How to use some network utilities
❑ The basics of the OSI model
❑
© 2024 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 2 Networks and the Internet
26
Order an Essay Now & Get These Features For Free:
Turnitin Report
Formatting
Title Page
Citation
Outline
