objective summary with 3 paragraphs

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KG604 Graduate Research & Critical Analysis
Lesson Plan: Week 6
Dr. D. Tennyson, DBA

Construct an Objective Summary – Individual Assignment

I. Instructions for Creating Sample Objective Summary (Not Graded): Each
student should use an article related to the topic of the Term Project – Research
Paper to create one sample Objective Summary for one article:

1. Please review the “Week 6 – Lesson Plan document, and other resources in the
Week 6 Content Folder, in Blackboard, for information about constructing the
Objective Summary.

2. Each student in the class should create 1 sample Objective Summary for 1 article
the group will use for writing the Term Project – Research Paper.

3. Note that the Objective Summary should include 3 paragraphs: Introduction; Body
(1 paragraph that includes summaries of major points in article, in relation to the
topic selected for the group’s Term Project – Research Paper); and a Conclusion.

4. Note that the Objective Summary submissions should be in APA format including
an APA 7 formatted Title Page and Reference Page.

Sample Objective Summary is Due on or before 11:59 pm (EST) on Friday,
February 10th.

– Post the Sample Objective Summary in the drop box in Week 6 Content Folder
by Saturday (02/11) at 11:59 pm.

– The Professor will post feedback about the content of the Sample Objective
Summary within 3 days.

– The individual will be notified when feedback is posted.

– The student should review the Sample Objective Summary updated with the
Professor’s feedback (during Week 7); incorporate suggested revisions in the
Objective Summary and apply suggested revisions to 2 additional objective
summaries used to write the Term Project – Research Paper.

– Note that Objective Summaries for 3 articles should be submitted as
Assignment 3 due Week 7 (due 02/18 by 11:59 pm).

1
KG604 Graduate Research & Critical Analysis
Lesson Plan: Week 6
Dr. D. Tennyson, DBA

Writing an Objective Summary

Week 6 Learning Objectives

After successfully completing this course, students will be able to:

1. Identify a researchable topic and form a research question.

2. Distinguish a research article from other types of articles.

3. Use the Monroe Database to identify at least three research articles relevant to a

selected topic.

4. Analyze scholarly research, evaluating its validity.

5. Identify the elements of a scholarly research article: who conducted the research
(plus credentials or affiliation), when and where it was conducted, why the research
was undertaken, how it was conducted (methodology), and what was found (results).

I. READING FICTION/LITERATURE (Hunter College, 2018).

1. General Guidelines

• read fiction/literature more than once.

• read for the total experience of the work.

• read slowly for the words, feelings, emotions, ideas.

• underline key words, phrases, and passages.

• take notes on responses, ideas, and questions that occur to you.

• look up important words in the dictionary.

• be open to new possibilities; do not reject that which can’t be understood on the
first reading.

2. Ask Silent Questions about the Work

• What is the basic story or plot?

• Who are the characters? If there is a specific character speaking, who is the
speaker and who is s/he addressing?

• What is the context or situation?

• Where is the action taking place?

• When is the action taking place? in what historical period, and at what point in
the development of the story?

• Do you see a conflict, a matter that must be resolved, a goal that the characters
are seeking?

• Do there seem to be themes and ideas which are implied, rather than being
explicitly stated?

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KG604 Graduate Research & Critical Analysis
Lesson Plan: Week 6
Dr. D. Tennyson, DBA

Writing an Objective Summary

3. Consider the Major Literary Elements

• consider why the author chose to organize the narrative as s/he did.

• study the characters, their qualities, conflicts, growth or decline.

• consider how the themes are explored through action, description, and dialogue

• take note of any recurrent ideas

• give thought to the specific words that the author has chosen—the images,
metaphors, similes, other language devices and patterns.

Retrieved from https://www.google.com/search?q=metaphors+definition

Guidelines for Writing a Summary (Hunter College, 2018).

…for the sake of clarity, a summary should present the author’s points in a
straightforward structure.

• To write a good summary, you may have to gather minor points or components of an
argument from different places in the text to summarize the text in an organized way.

• A point made in the beginning of an essay and then one made toward the end may
need to be grouped together in your summary to concisely convey the argument that
the author is making.

• In the end, you will have read, digested, and reconstructed the text in a shorter, more
concise form.

QUALITIES OF A SUMMARY (Hunter College, 2018).

https://www.google.com/search?q=metaphors+definition

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KG604 Graduate Research & Critical Analysis
Lesson Plan: Week 6
Dr. D. Tennyson, DBA

Writing an Objective Summary

A good summary should be comprehensive, concise, coherent, and independent. These
qualities are explained below:

1. A summary must be comprehensive: You should isolate all the important points in
the original passage and note them down in a list.

• Review all the ideas on your list and include in your summary all the ones that are
indispensable to the author’s development of her/his thesis or main idea.

2. A summary must be concise: Eliminate repetitions in your list, even if the author
restates the same points.

• Your summary should be considerably shorter than the source. You are hoping to
create an overview; therefore, you need not include every repetition of a point or
every supporting detail.

3. A summary must be coherent: It should make sense as a piece of writing in its
own right; it should not merely be taken directly from your list of notes or sound like
a disjointed collection of points.

4. A summary must be independent: You are not being asked to imitate the author
of the text you are writing about. On the contrary, you are expected to maintain your
own voice throughout the summary. Don’t simply quote the author; instead, use
your own words to express your understanding of what you have read. After all,
your summary is based on your interpretation of the writer’s points or ideas.
However, you should be careful not to create any misrepresentation or distortion by
introducing comments or criticisms of your own.

TWO TECHNIQUES FOR WRITING SUMMARIES (Hunter College, 2018).

Summarizing Shorter Texts (ten pages or fewer)

1. Write a one-sentence summary of each paragraph.

2. Formulate a single sentence that summarizes the whole text.

3. Write a paragraph (or more): begin with the overall summary sentence and follow it
with the paragraph summary sentences.

4. Rearrange and rewrite the paragraph to make it clear and concise, to eliminate
repetition and relatively minor points, and to provide transitions. The final version
should be a complete, unified, and coherent.

Summarizing Longer Texts (more than ten pages)

1. Outline the text. Break it down into its major sections—groups of paragraphs
focused on a common topic—and list the main supporting points for each section.

2. Write a one or two sentence summary of each section.

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KG604 Graduate Research & Critical Analysis
Lesson Plan: Week 6
Dr. D. Tennyson, DBA

Writing an Objective Summary

3. Formulate a single sentence to summarize the whole text, looking at the author’s
thesis or topic sentences as a guide.

4. Write a paragraph (or more): begin with the overall summary sentence and follow it
with the section summary sentences.

5. Rewrite and rearrange your paragraph(s) as needed to make your writing clear and
concise, to eliminate relatively minor or repetitious points, and to provide transitions.
Make sure your summary includes all the major supporting points of each idea. The
final version should be a complete, unified, and coherent.

6 Elements of an Objective Summary (A. Ramlochan, Dir. Research, KGS)

Who?

(a) Authors last name/s, (Year of publication) [in 1st sentence in objective summary].

What?

(a) Were the author’s findings?

(b) Credentials does the author have that qualifies them to write about the topic of the
article or is article peer reviewed?

When?

(c) Was the research conducted (is it current – written within last 10 years or historical –
older than 10 years)? – State that article does not include when research was
conducted if not included.

Where?

(d) Was study conducted (college, business, medical facility, city, state, country, etc.).

Why?

(e) Was study was conducted (what research question or problem elicited the research
study).

How?

(f) Was the study was conducted (empirical research – quantitative, qualitative, mixed
methods research) and who participated in study?

(5 “W” questions and 1 “H” question).

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KG604 Graduate Research & Critical Analysis
Lesson Plan: Week 6
Dr. D. Tennyson, DBA

Writing an Objective Summary

The Objective Summary Format for Fiction/Literature (Hunter College, 2018).

1. Introduction

• name of author (Who), (Year of Publication).

− Include year of publication each time author’s name is used in the objective
summary.

• focusing sentence indicating what element you plan to examine.

• summary/description of work as a whole (Where, Why, and How research was
conducted)

• When research conducted. What were authors findings and authors credentials
for writing about topic (or peer-reviewed, which indicates research went through
a vetting process before approved for publication).

• general indication of overall significance of work

2. Body

• summary/description of the first major element or portion of the work

• summary/description of second major element or portion of the work

• analysis or explanation about the relationship between the first and second major
elements or portions of the work, if needed.

3. Conclusion

• overall interpretation of the elements studied.

• consideration of those elements within the context of the work as a whole

• critical assessment of the value, worth, meaning, or significance of the work, both
positive and negative

• Your interpretations and your conclusions must be based on evidence from the
text and follow from the ideas you have dealt with in the paper.

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KG604 Graduate Research & Critical Analysis
Lesson Plan: Week 6
Dr. D. Tennyson, DBA

Writing an Objective Summary

References

American Psychological Association. (2020). Publication manual of the American

Psychological Association (7th ed.). https://doi.org/10.1037/0000165-000

Hunter College, City University of New York – Dr. Murray and Anna C. Rockowitz

Writing Center (RWC). The writing process [Data file]. Retrieved from

http://www.hunter.cuny.edu/rwc

Computer Science Research Topics

Topic 1

Impacts of Green Cloud Computing on Environmental Protection

People involved
: Computer engineers, cloud computing specialists, computer end users, companies etc.

Research question
: What role does green cloud computing play in reducing the carbon footprint in the technology industry?

Research articles:

Thakur, S., & Chaurasia, A. (2016, January). Towards Green Cloud Computing: Impact of carbon footprint on environment. In 
2016 6th international conference-cloud system and big data engineering (Confluence) (pp. 209-213). IEEE.

Patel, Y. S., Mehrotra, N., & Soner, S. (2015, February). Green cloud computing: A review on Green IT areas for cloud computing environment. In 
2015 International Conference on Futuristic Trends on Computational Analysis and Knowledge Management (ABLAZE) (pp. 327-332). IEEE.

Wibowo, S., & Wells, M. (2016). Green cloud computing and economics of the cloud: Moving towards sustainable future. 
GSTF Journal on Computing (JoC), 
5(1).

Topic 2

Block chain technologies and crypto currency as financial assets

People involved
: Internet bankers, investment brokers, crypto investors, computer programmers and coders

Research question: How will crypto currencies based on block chain technologies impact the future of finance, and what security challenges does the technology pose as a financial asset?

Research articles:

Corbet, S., Lucey, B., Urquhart, A., & Yarovaya, L. (2019). Cryptocurrencies as a financial asset: A systematic analysis. 
International Review of Financial Analysis, 
62, 182-199.

Praitheeshan, P., Pan, L., Yu, J., Liu, J., & Doss, R. (2019). Security analysis methods on ethereum smart contract vulnerabilities: a survey. 
arXiv preprint arXiv:1908.08605.

Trozze, A., Kamps, J., Akartuna, E. A., Hetzel, F. J., Kleinberg, B., Davies, T., & Johnson, S. D. (2022). Cryptocurrencies and future financial crime. 
Crime Science, 
11, 1-35.

Topic 3

Artificial Intelligence in Social Media and its role in Digital Marketing

People involved
: Online businesses, social media users, digital marketers, social media influencers, advertisers

Research question
: What is the impact of future capabilities of AI-based software for social media marketing on potential consumer expectations?

Research article
:

Capatina, A., Kachour, M., Lichy, J., Micu, A., Micu, A. E., & Codignola, F. (2020). Matching the future capabilities of an artificial intelligence-based software for social media marketing with potential users’ expectations. 
Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 
151, 119794.

Ducange, P., Pecori, R., & Mezzina, P. (2018). A glimpse on big data analytics in the framework of marketing strategies. 
Soft Computing, 
22(1), 325-342.

Gkikas, D. C., & Theodoridis, P. K. (2019). Artificial intelligence (AI) impact on digital marketing research. In 
Strategic Innovative Marketing and Tourism: 7th ICSIMAT, Athenian Riviera, Greece, 2018 (pp. 1251-1259). Springer International Publishing.

Topic 4

Biometric Data Integrity and its Impact on Biometric Security Technologies

People involved
: Security firms, data centers and databases scientists, individuals using smart devices, hackers and data security engineers

Research question
: What role does biometrics play in promoting online security and protecting data from breach?

Research articles:

Ahmed, C. M., Ochoa, M., Zhou, J., Mathur, A. P., Qadeer, R., Murguia, C., & Ruths, J. (2018, May). Noiseprint: Attack detection using sensor and process noise fingerprint in cyber physical systems. In 
Proceedings of the 2018 on Asia Conference on Computer and Communications Security (pp. 483-497).

Ross, A., Banerjee, S., & Chowdhury, A. (2020). Security in smart cities: A brief review of digital forensic schemes for biometric data. 
Pattern Recognition Letters, 
138, 346-354.

Wang, T., Bhuiyan, M. Z. A., Wang, G., Qi, L., Wu, J., & Hayajneh, T. (2019). Preserving balance between privacy and data integrity in edge-assisted Internet of Things. 
IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 
7(4), 2679-2689.