COURSE CODE BCO 314 COURSE NAME: SMALL BUSINESS MANAGEMENT Project (Part II) and Presentation Task brief & Rubrics
Task
· This is an individual task.
· The task focuses on areas studied to date, requiring you to show knowledge and application in the parts stated.
· It assesses the 2nd part of your project and the final presentation.
You have to present the project you launched and developed for the Midterm Assessment (Project I) including all the points mentioned in the first Task Brief and completing it with following points
1. Sources for the resources needed
· Growth Strategy
Formalities: PPT Presentation: To last between 15-20 minutes in class. Format: standard presentation with a minimum of 20 slides excluding cover, table of contents, and reference page. Infographics are encouraged.
You
also have to upload a single, correctly formatted document which may also include any relevant tables and diagrams
Wordcount: 2.000 words
· Cover, Table of
Content
s, References and Appendix are excluded from the total wordcount.
· Font: Arial 12,5 pts.
· Text alignment: Justified.
· Harvard style in-text citations and bibliography
Submission: – Via Moodle (Turnitin). Week 13 January 15 thth by 23.59 CEST
Presentation –In class Weeks 12 and 13
Weight : This task is a 60 % of your total grade for this subject.
It assesses the following learning outcomes:
· Distinguish the characteristics, competences and contributions of small businesses, as well as their challenges.
· Critically assess and apply suitable marketing and financing strategies to small businesses
· Conduct a small business using the strategic elements
· Explain key components of the strategic management of growth to small business contexts.
Rubrics
Learning Descriptors
|
Fail Below 60% |
Marginal Fail 60-69% |
Fair 70-79 % |
Good 80-89% |
Exceptional 90-100% |
Purpose & Understanding KNOWLEDGE & UNDERSTANDING 10% |
Very poor coverage of central purpose, goals, research questions or arguments with little relevant information evident. Virtually no evidence of understanding or focus. |
Minimal understanding of purpose of the study; factual errors evident. Gaps in knowledge and superficial understanding. A few lines of relevant material. |
Reasonable understanding and clearly identifies the purpose, goals, research questions or argument. Reflect partial achievement of learning outcomes. |
A sound grasp of, and clearly identifies, the purpose, goals, research questions or argument. Some wider study beyond the classroom content shown. |
Effectively describes and explains the central purpose, arguments, research questions, or goals of the project; explanation is focused, detailed and compelling. Recognition of alternative forms of evidence beyond that supplied in the classroom. |
Content KNOWLEDGE & UNDERSTANDING 10% |
Content is unclear, inaccurate and/or incomplete. Brief and irrelevant. Descriptive. Only personal views offered. Unsubstantiated and does not support the purpose, argument or goals of the project. Reader gains no insight through the content of the project. |
Limited content that does not really support the purpose of the report. Very poor coverage. Displays only rudimentary knowledge of the content area. Reader gains few if any insights |
Presents some information that adequately supports the central purpose, arguments, goals, or research questions of the project. Although parts missing, it demonstrates a level of partially proficient knowledge of the content area. Reader gains some insights. |
Presents clear and appropriate information that adequately supports the central purpose, arguments, goals or research questions of the project. Demonstrates satisfactory knowledge of the content area. Reader gains proficient insights. |
Presents balanced, significant and valid information that clearly and convincingly supports the central purpose, arguments, research questions or goals of the project. Demonstrates in-depth and specialised knowledge of the content area. The reader gains important insights |
Organization
COMMUNICATION 10% |
Information/content is not logically organized or presented. Topics/paragraphs are frequently disjointed and fail to make sense together. Reader cannot identify a line of reasoning and loses interest. |
Information/content is not, at times, logically organized or presented. Topics/paragraphs are frequently disjointed which makes the content hard to follow. The reader finds it hard to understand the flow of the report. |
Information/content is presented in a reasonable sequence. Topic/paragraph transition is unclear in places with linkages for the most part. Reader can generally understand and follow the line of reasoning, although work needed to be proficiently organized. |
Information/content is presented in a clear and understandable sequence. Topic/paragraph transition is good with clear linkages between sections and arguments. Reader can understand and follow the line of reasoning. |
Information/content is presented in a logical, interesting and effective sequence. Topics and arguments flow smoothly and coherently from one to another and are clearly linked. Reader can easily follow the line of reasoning and enjoyed reading the report. |
Style & Tone COMMUNICATION 5% |
Writing is poor, unclear and unengaging, and the reader finds it difficult to read and maintain interest. Tone is not professional or suitable for an academic research project. A reorganization and rewrite is needed. |
Writing is unengaging and reader finds it difficult to maintain interest. Tone is not consistently professional or suitable for an academic research project. Work needed on academic writing style. |
Writing is usually engaging and keeps the reader’s attention. Tone is generally appropriate for an academic research project, although a clearer and more professional style and tone is needed. |
Writing style and tone is generally good and sustains interest throughout. Tone is professional and appropriate for an academic research project. |
Writing is compelling and sustains interest throughout. Tone is consistently professional and appropriate for an academic research project. |
Use of References COMMUNICATION 5% |
Little or no evidence of reference sources in the report. Content not supported and based on unsubstantiated views. |
Most references are from sources that are not peer- reviewed or professional, and have uncertain reliability. Few if any appropriate citations are provided. Reader doubts the validity of much of the material. |
Professionally legitimate references are generally used. Fair citations are presented in most cases. Some of the information/content/evidence comes from sources that are reliable, but more academic sources needed to be convincing. |
Professionally and academically legitimate references are used. Clear and accurate citations are presented in most cases. The majority of the information/content/evidence comes from sources that are reliable. |
Presents compelling evidence from professionally and academically legitimate sources. Attribution is clear and accurate. References are 75% from primarily peer-reviewed professional journals or other approved sources. |
Formatting COMMUNICATION 5% |
Research project exhibits no formatting, or frequent and significant errors in Harvard formatting. |
There are too many errors in the Harvard formatting to be acceptable as a partially proficient piece. |
Harvard formatting is employed in the research project with minor errors. A review and rework of format and style of referencing in text and in the bibliography is needed. |
Harvard formatting is used accurately and consistently throughout the research project, although some issues are apparent as the reader is unable to find sources. |
Harvard formatting is used accurately and consistently throughout the research project. Accurate hyperlinks are included where required, making it easy for readers to review sources. |
Written Communication Skills COMMUNICATION 5% |
The written project exhibits multiple errors in grammar, sentence structure and/or spelling. Inadequate writing skills (e.g., weaknesses in language facility and mechanics) hinder readability and contribute to an ineffective research project. |
The written project exhibits errors in grammar, punctuation and spelling. The written project comes across as untidy and not properly checked for mistakes. Errors present in written communication make readability frustrating. |
Written research project displays good word choice, language conventions and mechanics with a few minor errors in spelling, grammar, sentence structure and/or punctuation. Errors do not represent a major distraction or obscure meaning. |
Readability of the project is good due to the clarity of language used. Grammar, spelling and punctuation is without error. Spelling and grammar thoroughly checked. |
Readability of the project is enhanced by facility in language use/word choice. Excellent mechanics and syntactic variety. Uses language conventions effectively (e.g., spelling, punctuation, sentence structure, paragraphing, grammar, etc.). |
Oral Communication Skills COMMUNICATION |
Oral presentation cannot be understood because there is no logical sequencing of research information. Presenter uses superfluous graphics or no graphics; graphics do not support or relate to the information presented. Presenter reads most or all of the project notes with little or no eye contact. Presenter mumbles, incorrectly pronounces terms and/or speaks too quietly. Oral presentation rambles, is unclear and cannot be followed by the audience. Presenter is unprofessional, lacks confidence, is uncomfortable and cannot answer basic questions. |
Research information is presented in a sequence that at times is difficult to follow. Graphics support and are related to the content of the project, but presenter reads from slides and does not talk around the topic. Presenter tries to maintains eye contact with the audience but reads from notes too much. Presenter uses good voice dynamics and clearly enunciates terms, however they are uncomfortable for the most part and finds it hard answering questions. Overall, the oral presentation is delivered in a borderline manner and needs more practice and preparation to reach required standards of delivery. |
Research information is presented in a sequence that the audience can follow. Graphics support and are related to the content of the project. Presenter maintains eye contact with the audience with a few minor exceptions; presenter reads from notes on a few occasions. Presenter uses good voice dynamics and clearly enunciates terms. Presenter is comfortable for the most part and adequately answers questions. Overall, the oral presentation is delivered in a satisfactory manner and meets expectations with respect to oral communication skills. |
Research information is presented in a sequence that the audience can follow. Graphics support and are related to the content of the project. Presenter maintains eye contact with the audience with a few minor exceptions, seldom returning to notes. Presenter uses good voice dynamics and clearly enunciates terms. Presenter is comfortable and answers questions well. Overall, the oral presentation is delivered in a good manner and meets expectations with respect to oral communication skills. |
Research information is presented in a logical, interesting and effective sequence, which the audience can easily follow. Oral presentation uses effective graphics to explain and reinforce the information presented. Presenter maintains eye contact with audience and does not read from notes. Presenter speaks in a clear voice and uses correct, precise pronunciation of terms. Oral presentation is thorough, clear, compelling, informative and professionally delivered. Presenter is professional, confident and comfortable, and answers questions effectively. |
Analytical / Critical Thinking Skills CRITICAL THINKING 25% |
Research problem, concept or idea is not clearly articulated, or its component elements are not identified or described. Research information is poorly organized, categorized and/or not examined; research information is often inaccurate or incomplete. Presents little if any analysis or interpretation; inaccurately and/or inappropriately applies research methods, techniques, models, frameworks and/or theories to the analysis. Presents few solutions or conclusions; solutions or conclusions are often not well supported, are inaccurate and/or inconsistent, and are presented in a vague or rudimentary manner. |
Research problem, concept or idea is not clearly articulated at times and confusing. Research information is badly organized, categorized, and/or only superficially examined; research information is often incomplete. Presents limited analysis or interpretation; inaccurately and/or inappropriately applies research methods, techniques, models, frameworks and/or theories to the analysis. Presents some solutions or conclusions but they are often not well supported, or logical. |
Adequately identifies and describes (or sketches out) the research problem, concept or idea and its components. Gathers and examines information relating to the research problem, concept or idea; presents and appraises research information with some minor inconsistencies, irrelevancies or omissions. Generally applies appropriate research methods, techniques, models, frameworks and/or theories although with inaccuracies. Outlines solutions or conclusions that are somewhat logical and consistent with the analysis and evidence; identifies and/or lists solutions or conclusions although not always clearly. |
Formulates a clear description of the research problem, concept or idea, and specifies major elements to be examined. Selects information appropriate to addressing the research problem, concept or idea; accurately and appropriately analyses and interprets relevant research information. Effectively applies appropriate research methods, techniques, models, frameworks and/or theories in developing and justifying multiple solutions or conclusions; solutions or conclusions are coherent, well supported and complete. |
Effectively formulates a clear description of the research problem, concept or idea, and specifies major elements to be examined. Selects and prioritizes information appropriate to addressing the research problem, concept, or idea; accurately and appropriately analyzes and interprets relevant research information. Precisely and effectively applies appropriate research methods, employs advanced skills to conduct research. Uses techniques, models, frameworks and/or theories in developing and justifying multiple solutions or conclusions; solutions or conclusions are insightful, coherent, well supported, logically consistent and complete. Displays a mastery of complex and specialized areas. |
Integration Skills APPLICATION & EVALUATION 25% |
Shows little ability to employ theory and practice across the functional areas of business in the assessment of issues relating to the research problem, concept, or idea. Does not recognize or correctly identify cross-functional organizational issues relevant to the research problem, concept or idea. Does not adequately evaluate the research problem, concept or idea in light of relevant principles, theories and practices across the business functional areas. Few if any solutions, recommendations for action, or conclusions are presented, and/or they are not appropriately justified or supported. |
Shows some ability to employ theory and practice across the functional areas of business in the assessment of issues relating to the research problem, concept or idea. Recognizes organizational issues relevant to the research problem, concept or idea but does not show understanding. Does not adequately evaluate the research problem, concept or idea in light of relevant principles, theories and practices across the business functional areas. Some solutions offered but difficult to understand. Recommendations for action, or conclusions are presented, but they are often not well supported, or logical. |
Exhibits application of principles, theories and practices across the functional areas of business to the analysis of the research problem, concept or idea. With some exceptions, outlines and describes (or sketches out) some cross- functional organizational issues that are relevant to the research problem, concept or idea. Adequately identifies and describes (or summarizes) solutions, recommendations for action, or conclusions that are, for the most part, appropriate, but which need to be more aligned with principles and concepts in the functional areas of business. |
Demonstrates an ability to integrate and apply principles, theories and practices across the functional areas of business to the analysis of the research problem, concept or idea. Identifies, examines and critically evaluates important cross- functional organizational issues associated with the research problem, concept or idea. Clearly justifies solutions, recommendations for action, or conclusions based on analytics and an insightful synthesis of cross-disciplinary principles and concepts in the functional areas of business. |
Demonstrates well-developed ability to integrate and apply principles, theories and practices across the functional areas of business to the analysis of the research problem, concept or idea. Effectively identifies, examines and critically evaluates important cross-functional organizational issues associated with the research problem, concept, or idea. Clearly and effectively justifies solutions, recommendations for action, or conclusions based on strong analytics and an insightful synthesis of cross-disciplinary principles and concepts in the functional areas of business. Can link thinking across disciplines and contexts. |
1
Small Business Management
Plan
4
3
Small Business Management Plan
SMALL BUSINESS MANAGEMENT
Edoardo Noah Israilovici
Small Business Management
BCO314
Prof. Luis Diaz
EU Business School
Barcelona, Spain
1
7
/11/2022
Table of Contents
Brief Description of the Business
3
Nature of the Business
3
Business Plan
4
Executive Summary
4
Target Market
4
Main Goals
5
Resources needed
5
Management team and Operations Plan
6
Products/Services
7
Benefits to the Community
8
Financial Plan
8
Pricing Strategy
9
Marketing Strategy
10
Bibliography
12
Brief Description of the Business
The business to be discussed in this case is a Nike franchising in barcelona. The business offers’ a wide range of Nike products and services, including Nike shoes, apparel, and accessories. The target market is sports enthusiasts of all ages. The business face the challenge of being a new business and having to establish itself in a competitive market. In order to be successful, the business must have a clear understanding of the target market and what they are looking for in a Nike franchising (Caetano, 2019). The business must also have a well-organized and efficient operations plan to ensure that customers are always satisfied. Furthermore, there is need of have a strong financial plan to provide the necessary funding for the business.
Nike is a well-known and trusted brand name in the world of sports. As such, I feel that the Nike franchising will be able to benefit from this trust and reputation. In order to maximize the chances of success, the business must focus on providing quality products and services to its customers. The organization must also make sure that its operations are always running smoothly and efficiently.
Nature of the Business
The business is a new franchise. It is still in the process of establishing itself and together with the brand. This can be a challenge, but it also gives the company an opportunity to be creative and innovative in its marketing and operations (Bretas, and Alon, 2021). As a new business, the owners have to work hard to build up a good reputation and gain a loyal customer base. For example, the business can use unique marketing strategies to attract attention to the store, and also can develop efficient operations plans to ensure customer satisfaction. The business is also competing against established businesses who may have more resources and name recognition. However, the commitment of providing quality products and services will help us to succeed in the long run. Additionally, the business provides benefits to the community by offering quality Nike products and services.
Business Plan
Executive Summary
Franchising is a commercial model in which one company (the franchisor) grants another company (the franchisee) the right to use its trademark and operating system in exchange for a royalty payment and usually an initial franchise fee. The business to be discussed in this case is a Nike franchising in barcelona. The business offers’ a wide range of Nike products and services, including Nike shoes, apparel, and accessories. As a new business, the owners have to work hard to build up a good reputation and gain a loyal customer base. The aim of this paper is to provide a business plan for the new franchise. The paper will cover the target markets, the main goals of the business, resources required to the run the business, management team, operations plan, marketing approaches, financial plans pricing strategy as well as the pricing strategy.
Target Market
A company’s target market consists of the specific demographic it believes will most benefit from its goods or services. Consumers in this subset are typically distinct from the general public in terms of demographics, buying habits, and personal qualities (Camilleri, 2018). Identifying a certain demographic of consumers who are most likely to buy, utilize, and advocate for your product is essential to the success of your business. In the Nike franchising business, the target market is sports enthusiasts of all ages. This includes people who are passionate about sports and participate in them regularly, as well as those who simply enjoy watching sports. We believe that there is a large and growing market for Nike products and services in Barcelona, and we are confident that we can capture a significant portion of this market.
Main Goals
The main goal of the business is to be leading Nike franchising in Barcelona. In order to do this the company has three main goals:
1. To build a strong customer base by providing quality products and services that meet the needs of the target market. This includes developing a comprehensive marketing strategy that effectively promotes the brand and drives sales.
2. To develop and implement efficient and effective operations that maximize customer satisfaction. This means creating an efficient system for stocking inventory, processing orders, and delivering products to customers in a timely manner.
3. To generate profits that will allow us to reinvest in the business and continue to grow. This includes maintaining a healthy financial margin and using profits to reinvest in the franchise and expand its operations.
Resources needed
In order to operate the Nike franchising in Barcelona the business will need a certain amount of resources. These resources include an initial investment for franchising fees and store setup, as well as ongoing costs for inventory and staff. Initial investment: In order to become a Nike franchisee, one must first make an initial investment (Farooq et al., 2020). This investment goes towards the franchising fees, which are paid to Nike in order to use their brand and intellectual property. It also goes towards setting up the store, which includes costs such as leasehold improvements, fixtures, and signage. Ongoing costs: There are also ongoing costs associated with operating a Nike franchising. These include costs for inventory, staff, and marketing.
Inventory: Nike products must be purchased from Nike in order to be sold in your store. Nike offers a wide range of products, including shoes, apparel, and accessories. Depending on the products you choose to sell, your inventory costs will vary. Staff: The business will also need to hire staff to work in the store (Caetano, 2019). These employees will be responsible for tasks such as sales, customer service, and product knowledge. Depending on the size of the store and the number of employees the business need, the staffing costs will vary. Marketing: Marketing is important for any business, but it is especially important for a new business like ours. The business needs to let potential customers know that it exist and that it offers quality Nike products and services. There are many ways to market a business, and the costs will vary depending on the methods chosen.
Management team and Operations Plan
The management team for the Nike franchising in Barcelona will be experienced and well-qualified. The franchisee has over 15 years of experience in the Nike franchising industry, and the team will also include a marketing manager and an operations manager. The management team will be a key strength of the business, and that they will help establish business as a leading Nike franchising in Barcelona. The franchisee has a proven track record in the Nike franchising industry, and he will be responsible for overall management of the franchise. He has a deep understanding of the Nike brand and operations, and he is well-connected with Nike’s global franchising network. He will be a valuable asset in helping us to establish our franchise in Barcelona.
The marketing manager will be responsible for developing and executing our marketing strategy. She will have a deep understanding of the Barcelona market and consumer behavior, and she will be able to develop creative and effective marketing campaigns that will generate interest and awareness for our franchise. The operations manager will be responsible for overseeing all day-to-day operations of the franchise. He will ensure that our store is operated efficiently and effectively, and that our customers are always satisfied with our products and services (Elango, 2019). He will also be responsible for training and managing our staff. The operations plan will be designed to ensure that the business is able to meet the demands of customers. The business will have strict quality control procedures in place to ensure that products meet the high standards of its customers. Additionally, the business will implement strategies to ensure that the store is always fully stocked with the latest products.
Products/Services
The business offers a wide variety of Nike’s products, including apparel, footwear, and equipment for a variety of sports. Nike’s apparel offerings include a variety of stylish and functional designs for both men and women. Nike’s footwear products are designed to provide superior support and comfort while helping athletes to perform at their best. Nike’s equipment products are engineered to meet the specific needs of different sports, and include everything from golf clubs to tennis racquets. The products will be backed by a 100% satisfaction guarantee, and the company will offer a wide range of customer service options to ensure that its customers are always satisfied.
Benefits to the Community
The presence of the business in Barcelona will bring a number of benefits to the community. Firstly, the franchise will provide employment opportunities for residents. The investment will create jobs for locals, both in its own stores and in supporting businesses. This will help to reduce unemployment and boost the local economy. Additionally, the business will help to raise the profile of Barcelona as a destination for sport and leisure. This will attract more tourists and visitors to the city, resulting in an increase in revenue for businesses. Finally, Nike franchise will be a responsible corporate citizen, supporting local causes and charities. This will help to make Barcelona a more desirable place to live and work, and will benefit the community as a whole.
Financial Plan
The financial plan is designed to ensure that the business is able to achieve its goals. We have secured the necessary funding to cover the costs of our retail space, our inventory, our staff, and our marketing initiatives. We are confident that we will generate significant revenue and profits within our first year of operation. The funds will be spent as shown below:
Item
Amount
Retail space
$1300
Inventory
$10000
Staff
$5000
Marketing Initiatives
$6500
Legal Fees
$1800
Insurance
$2000
Others
$4000
Total
$30,600
Pricing Strategy
The suggested pricing strategy for Nike Franchising is the strategy known as Bowman´s clock. Bowman’s Clock is a pricing strategy that helps businesses to find the right price for their products or services. It is based on the idea that there are four main pricing strategies that businesses can use, and that each one is appropriate for different stages in the product life cycle. The four pricing strategies are: Skimming, Penetration, Loss leader and price discrimination. Since this is a new business they should adopt penetration pricing. This involves charging a low price for a product or service in order to attract customers and grow market share. It is typically used when a product or service is first launched.
As a result, the business will reduce the price in an effort to increase their market share through the use of discounted pricing (Echchakoui, 2018). Nevertheless, the business must be prepared for the possibility of severe retribution from other companies in the form of changing prices. In addition to cutting prices, the business will implement a technique known as cost leadership in an effort to generate economies of scale. The plan will be aligned with efficient distribution channels, the most recent technological advancements to optimize supply chains, and aggressive negotiation with suppliers in order to increase total income.
Marketing Strategy
A marketing strategy is a comprehensive plan that addresses all aspects of marketing, including how a firm promotes itself in the marketplace, the creativity, the business associates, the media outreach, the promotion mix, the channels, and the techniques (Deepak, and Jeyakumar, 2019). The Nike franchise in Barcelona will use a variety of marketing strategies to promote its products and increase sales. One of the main marketing strategies will be to use social media to reach a wider audience. The franchise will use popular social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram. One of the main ways social media marketing will be used is to post pictures and videos of the products. This will help to increase brand awareness and show potential customers what the products look like. In addition, special offers and discounts can be posted on social media to attract customers. The Nike franchise will also collaborate with local bloggers and influencers to help promote the products.
Another marketing strategy that will be used is to participate in local events. One way the franchise can participate in local events is by setting up a booth. For example, the franchise can set up a booth at a marathon or sporting event to sell products and increase brand awareness (Ferrell, Hartline, and Hochstein, 2021). The Nike franchise can also sponsor local teams and athletes to further increase its visibility in the community. The Nike franchise in Barcelona will use traditional marketing methods such as print and television advertising to reach its target market. Print ads can be placed in local newspapers and magazines, reaching athletes and Nike fans who are interested in the products. The ads can highlight the latest products, special offers, and discounts. Television commercials can be aired on local channels, reaching a wide audience.
The commercials can showcase the products in action, as well as testimonials from satisfied customers. In addition, the Nike franchise will use billboards and other forms of outdoor advertising to increase its visibility. Billboards can be placed in high-traffic areas, such as near sports stadiums or along major highways. Finally, the franchise will use public relations to generate positive media coverage. The franchise can hold events and press conferences to promote its products and services. The franchise can also work with local and national media outlets to place positive stories about the business.
REFERENCES
Bretas, V.P. and Alon, I., 2021. Franchising research on emerging markets: Bibliometric and content analyses.
Journal of Business Research,
133, pp.51-65.
Caetano, N.M.R.P.L., 2019.
Nike marketing plan: the launch of Nike Academy in Portugal (Doctoral dissertation).
Camilleri, M.A., 2018. Market segmentation, targeting and positioning. In
Travel marketing, tourism economics and the airline product (pp. 69-83). Springer, Cham.
Deepak, R.K.A. and Jeyakumar, S., 2019.
Marketing management. Educreation Publishing.
Elango, B., 2019. A bibliometric analysis of franchising research (1988–2017).
The Journal of Entrepreneurship,
28(2), pp.223-249.
Echchakoui, S., 2018. An analytical model that links customer-perceived value and competitive strategies.
Journal of Marketing Analytics,
6(4), pp.138-149.
Farooq, Q., Liu, X., Ahmad, S., Fu, P. and Awan, H.M., 2020. Comparative analysis of entrepreneurship and franchising: CSR and voluntarism perspective.
Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations,
31(3), pp.581-586.
Ferrell, O.C., Hartline, M. and Hochstein, B.W., 2021.
Marketing strategy. Cengage Learning.