Where do we get our political beliefs and values from?

the assignment is in the “government 2” document pdf. please read and then decide whether you understand it or not and message me.

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Trust, Facts & Democracy

November 2, 2020

Two-thirds of U.S. adults say they’ve seen their own news sources report facts meant to favor one side
By

Elisa Shearer

A growing share of Americans are

paying close attention to news about the election

, but many are also concerned about the media reporting inaccurate or incomplete information. And that includes information reported by their own most-used news sources, according to a

recent Pew Research Center survey

Two-thirds of U.S. adults say they’ve seen the news sources they turn to most often present factual information that favors one side of an issue in coverage of the 2020 election, according to the survey, conducted Oct. 6 to 12 among 10,059 Americans – including 8,972 registered voters – as part of the Center’s

American News Pathways project

. More than half (56%) say their news sources have published breaking information before it was fully verified, and 37% say their sources have reported made-up news that is intended to mislead.

The findings come against a backdrop of

broader concern about misinformation in the United States

. In the same survey,

59% of Americans

say made-up information that is intended to mislead causes a “great deal” of confusion about the 2020 presidential election. Many say the same about breaking news that is not fully verified (47%) or factual information presented to favor one side of an issue (42%).

How we did this

To examine Americans’ views of inaccurate information and the 2020 presidential election, we surveyed 10,059 U.S. adults from October 6-12, 2020. Everyone who took part is a member of Pew Research Center’s American Trends Panel (ATP), an online survey panel that is recruited through national, random sampling of residential addresses. This way nearly all U.S. adults have a chance of selection. The survey is weighted to be representative of the U.S. adult population by gender, race, ethnicity, partisan affiliation, education and other categories. Read more about the

ATP’s

methodology

You can find most of the data from this analysis in

this interactive tool

. Here are

the questions used

for this analysis, along with responses, and the
methodology.

Among registered voters, differences emerge between Trump and Biden supporters

Registered voters

who support Donald Trump are about twice as likely as registered voters who support Joe Biden to say that the news sources they turn to most often have reported made-up information that is intended to mislead the public (45% vs. 22%). They are also somewhat more likely to say their news sources have reported breaking information that hasn’t been fully verified (59% vs. 50%) and factual information presented to favor one side of an issue (73% vs. 64%).

Voters who support Trump also express greater concern about these types of misinformation than do Biden voters. Nearly two-thirds of Trump supporters (64%) say that unverified breaking information causes a great deal of confusion about the election, while just about a third of Biden supporters (36%) say the same. And 59% of Trump supporters say a great deal of confusion is caused by facts presented to favor one side of an issue, compared with 36% of Biden supporters who say this. Majorities of both groups say made-up information causes a great deal of confusion, with around seven-in-ten Trump supporters (71%) and 60% of Biden supporters saying this.

Large majority says Americans see different facts depending on the news sources they turn to

U.S. adults believe that partisans cannot agree on basic facts, according to the same survey. The vast majority of Americans (85%) say that Trump and Biden supporters cannot agree on basic facts about important issues facing the country –

similar to findings about Republican and Democratic voters in 2018

. And eight-in-ten say they think Americans tend to get different facts depending on which news sources they turn to.

On both measures, Trump and Biden supporters largely agree. About nine-in-ten in each group say they disagree on basic facts (89% of Trump voters say this, as do 91% of Biden voters). And more than eight-in-ten in each group say that Americans often get different facts depending on which news sources they turn to (89% of Trump voters say this, as do 84% of Biden voters).

Note: Here are
the questions used for this analysis, along with responses, and the
methodology. Visit our

interactive data tool

to access the questions included in this report, as well as other content about the 2020 presidential election. You can find all of Pew Research Center’s research about misinformation here:

https://www.pewresearch.org/topics/misinformation/

Topics

News Habits & Media

Election 2020

Election News

Media & Society

Politics & Media

Misinformation

Election News
Trust, Facts & Democracy

Trust in Media

American News Pathways 2020 Project

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Elisa Shearer is a senior researcher focusing on journalism research at Pew Research Center.

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Misinformation

February 11, 2020

Democrats, Republicans each expect made-up news to target their own party more than the other in 2020
By

John Gramlich

There is broad concern among Democrats and Republicans about the influence that made-up news could have during the 2020 presidential election – and partisans on both sides expect it to be aimed at their own party much more than the other.

Similarly large shares of Democrats and Democratic-leaning independents (82%) and Republicans and GOP leaners (84%) say they are very or somewhat concerned about the influence that made-up news could have during the election. Around half in each group (48% of Democrats and 49% of Republicans) say they are very concerned, according to a Pew Research Center survey of more than 12,000 U.S. adults conducted in October and November last year. The survey is the first in the Center’s nearly yearlong

Election News

Pathways project, which explores how Americans’ news habits and attitudes relate to what they hear, perceive and know about the 2020 U.S. presidential election.

Liberal Democrats are more likely than moderate or conservative Democrats to say they are very concerned about the influence made-up news could have during the election (58% vs. 40%). Similarly, conservative Republicans are more likely than moderate or liberal Republicans to say this (57% vs. 38%).

How we did this

To examine Americans’ concerns about made-up news in the 2020 election, we used data from a

broader survey

of 12,043 U.S. adults conducted in October and November 2019. Everyone who took part is a member of Pew Research Center’s American Trends Panel, an online survey panel that is recruited through national, random sampling of residential addresses. Recruiting our panelists by phone or mail ensures that nearly all U.S. adults have a chance of selection. This gives us confidence that any sample can represent the whole population. To further ensure that each survey reflects a balanced cross section of the nation, the data are weighted to match the U.S. adult population by gender, race, ethnicity, partisan affiliation, education and other categories.

Here are

the questions asked

in this survey, along with responses, and the

methodology

Want to keep up with trends shaping the 2020 U.S. presidential election?

In both party coalitions, older adults are more likely than their younger counterparts to express concern about made-up news in the election. Among Democrats, 62% of those ages 65 and older say they are very concerned, compared with 38% of those ages 18 to 29. Among Republicans, around two-thirds (68%) of those ages 65 and older say they are very concerned, compared with only about a quarter (26%) of those ages 18 to 29.

When it comes to who will be targeted by made-up news in 2020, 51% of Democrats say this kind of misinformation will mostly be intended to hurt the Democratic Party, while just 4% say it will be intended to hurt the Republican Party. Another 36% of Democrats say such news will be intended to hurt both parties about equally.

About six-in-ten Republicans (62%) think made-up news will mostly be intended to hurt the Republican Party, while only 4% say it will be aimed mostly at the Democratic Party and 29% say it will be directed at both parties about equally.

Again, liberal Democrats and conservative Republicans are more likely than their more moderate counterparts to believe made-up news will mostly be intended to hurt their own party. And older people in both parties are more likely than younger adults to have this opinion.

Another pattern that emerges from the survey data is that partisans’ news diets are connected with their perceptions about made-up news in 2020.

For example, around three-quarters of Democrats who identify MSNBC (77%), The New York Times (75%) or NPR (73%) as their main source of news say they are very concerned about the influence made-up news could have during the election – much higher than the share of all Democrats who say this.

Among Republicans, two-thirds of those who identify Fox News as their main source of news (67%) say they’re very concerned about made-up news in the election. This is again considerably higher than the share of all Republicans who say this. (It’s worth noting that Fox News

dominates as a news source for Republicans

, while Democrats rely on a broader range of sources for political and election-related news.)

Earlier surveys by Pew Research Center show that many Americans see the creation and spread of made-up news and information as a considerable problem. In an

early 2019 survey

, 50% of U.S. adults said made-up news and information was a very big problem in the country today – a larger share than said the same about issues including racism, illegal immigration, terrorism and sexism. Around half or more also said made-up news has a big impact on political leaders’ ability to get work done (51%), Americans’ confidence in each other (54%) and their confidence in the government (68%).

Interested in exploring the data further, seeing more data like this or conducting your own analysis? Visit our

interactive data tool

and access the

dataset

Note: Here are
the questions asked in this survey, along with responses, and the
methodology.

Topics

U.S. Elections & Voters

Election 2020

Election News
Misinformation
Election News

American News Pathways 2020 Project

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John Gramlich is an associate director at Pew Research Center.

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Do most of us really know what each of the main party’s platforms says or where each
main party stands on the issues? What about minor/3rd/independent parties? Where
do you side politically and how did you get those viewpoints? It is time to find out.

The Questions (There are 3 steps below to complete for full credit.):

1st step, answer the following:

● Define political socialization and explain how it impacts one’s political belief
and values.

● Include a discussion of what influenced you politically (examples may be
family, parents, peers, teacher/school, event, where you grew up, etc.).

● Do you have friends or family that hold the opposite beliefs from you? If not,
why not?

● Do you have debates with this person(s), or do you only talk to people who
agree with you? If so, why?

2nd step, answer the following:

Now take the I Side With Quiz

Links to an external site.

. Even if you are pretty sure of who you side with, it is fun (and required) to take
because it will give you percentages of how much you agree with each party on certain
issues and tell you which candidate is your best match. No one is 100% anything.

● Analyze and explain in your paper your top 2 results. Did the top 2 results
surprise you and why or why not?

● Analyze and explain your bottom result. Did this result surprise you and why
or why not?

● Connect these results with the concept of political socialization from step one.
For example, based on your answer to step one, did your results make sense
or do you feel you learned something more about where you stand by
analyzing the party issues in more depth?

● Why is important to research the parties, candidates, issues, etc?

Step 3, answer the following:

Pew research indicated that two thirds of U.S. adults say they have seen the news
sources they look at, report facts that are biased and lack fact checking. They also
show that both Democrats and Republicans each expect fake news to target their own
parties. That seems like a problem for us all. For the last section of your paper review
the articles and answer the questions below:

https://www.isidewith.com/

● Discuss how you believe news and social media have impacted how you view
political parties and your vote.

● What type of reporting or information would you like to see to help you as a
voter choose a candidate, or party, or evaluate the issues?

● Should there be standards or accountability for news and social media outlets
in reporting on politics and government? Who should set these standards,
companies, state government, federal government and why?

NOTE: You will need to include all 3 steps and answers to all of the questions above in
order to receive full credit on this assignment. I recommend reviewing the questions
again after your first draft to make sure you did not miss anything.

The rules: Remember, this needs to be at least two pages of solid, thoughtful material
in order to even be considered for full credit. Students receiving full credit usually turn
in papers of at least 2.5 pages. Have some fun with it but remember this is an
academic paper. No cussing or slang, use proper grammar and proof-read before
sending, use the spell-checker, do not end a sentence with a question mark (you are
supposed to answer questions, not ask them), etc.